Ziber tra. Scðs eſt qñ q̃le interpᷣtat᷑ qᷓtũ vel ecõtra.

¶ Eon vero qui extra dictionẽ ſunt ꝑa

logiſmoꝝ ſpecies ſunt ſeptem.

Iſtud eſt ſcðᷣm capłm in q̊ ps determinat de fallacijs extra dictionẽ:⁊ diuidit᷑ ĩ ſeptẽ ꝑtes. In pᷣma dexerminat de fallacia accidẽtis: dicẽs ꝙ fal lacia accidẽtis fit ex eo ꝙ indifferenter tributũ at/ tribuit᷑ rei ſubiecte ⁊ accñti:⁊ dat exẽplũ:vt choꝛu ſcus eſt alt᷑ a ſocrate ⁊ ſocrates eſt hõ:ꝗ choꝛuſcꝰẽ alter ab hoĩe. ¶ In ſcdᷣa ꝑte determinat de falla/ cia ſᷣm qͥd ad ſimpłr: dicẽs ꝙ fallacia ſᷣm qutd ad ſimpkt fit ex eo ꝙ nõ ꝓcedit᷑ bñ a dicto ſᷣm qͥd ad dictũ ſimplicit: Mã qñcũq; arguit᷑ a dicto ſᷣm qͥd ad dictũ ſimpfr ⁊ ecõtra fit illa fallacia. Et ponit duo exẽpla. Pꝛimũ:chimera eſt opinabilis:&ᷣ chi mera eſt. Scðm:aſin“ nõ eſt hõ:gᷣᷓ aſinꝰ nõ eſt ali⸗ qdq.Dat etiã exẽplũ ſᷣm ꝑtẽ integralẽ:vt ethiops eſt albus Fᷣm dẽtes: eſt albꝰ. Ec ſubdit ꝙ qñ am

bo 5ria inſũt hᷣm qͥd:⁊ er illis infert᷑ ꝙ inſũt ſimpli cetter:tũc cõmittit᷑ illa fallacia. Sʒ qñ duo /ria eq̃/ liter inſũt vni/ſic ſcuto ꝓ media ꝑte albo ⁊ alia ꝑte nigro:tũc difficile ẽ cognoſcere fallaciã. ¶ In ter/ tia ꝑte determinat de fallacia ignoꝛãtie elenchi: di cẽs ꝙ ʒ fieri ſᷣm omiſſionẽ alicuiꝰ ꝑticule diffini/ tiõis elenchi in q̃ ðꝛ:elenchꝰeſt ↄdictio vniꝰ ⁊ eiuſ dẽ:nõ nois tm̃ nec rei tm̃/ſʒ noĩs ⁊ rei ſimul:nõ iy⸗ nonymi/ ſʒ ex his q̃ data ſũt de necitate accidere: nõ cõnũerato qð erat in ᷣncipio/ ad idẽ hᷣm iqẽ ſiłi ter⁊ in eodẽ tꝑe:q̊ diffinitio ſic intelligit᷑ Elenchꝰ eſt ſyllus ꝓbatiuꝰ ⁊ 5dictiuꝰ poſitiõi rñdẽtis. Añ omittẽs aliquã iſtaꝝ ptictaꝝ ꝑalogiſat hᷣm ills fal/ laciã:⁊ dat duo exẽpla. Pꝛimũ:duo ſunt dupium vniꝰ⁊ nõ ſũt duplũ triũ: ſũt duplũ ⁊ nõ dupluʒ. Scðm exẽplũ:·̊ eſt duplũ hᷣm lõgitudinẽ ⁊ nõ eſt duplũ hᷣm latitudinẽ:g ẽ duplũ ⁊ nõ duplũ. C¶ Yn q̃rta ꝑte determĩat de failacia petitiõis pᷣncipij:di cens ꝙ hʒz fieri tot modis q̊t modis ↄtingit pexe/ re pᷣncipiũ:de qͥ viſum eſt ſatis in ſũmulis. ¶ In qnta ꝑte determinat de fallacia ↄñtis: dicẽs ꝙ fal lacia ↄũtis ſit qñ credimꝰ ↄñam ↄuerti q̃ nõ ↄuer tit:vt qñ credimꝰꝙ ſicut ex añte equit᷑ ↄñs: ita ex ↄñte ſequit᷑ añs:⁊ dat tria exẽ̃pla. Pꝛimũ:ſi mel ẽ rubeũ eſt:ã̊ ſi rubeũ eſt mel eſt: etiã ſi pluit t᷑ra eſt madidais ſi terra eſt madida pluit. Scðo dat exẽ plũ in rhetoꝛicis:vt ille eſt cõptus: ᷓ eſt adulter: vel ille eſt errabũdꝰ de nocte:& eſt fur. Tertio dat exẽplũ melliſſi in ſpeculatiuis: vt qð factũ eſt hʒ pᷣncipiũ:¶ͥ qð nõ factũ ẽ nõ hʒ pᷣncipiũ. ¶ In ſex/ ta ꝑpte determiĩat de fallacia nõ ſᷣm cãm v cam:di cẽs ꝙ talis fallacia fit qñ illug qð nõ eſt cauſa ac/ cipit᷑ tãqᷓ; cauſa ad inferen dũ ↄluſionẽ: ⁊ a falſita te ↄcluſiõis fit regreſſus ad eã tanqᷓ; ad pᷣmiſſam cãm:⁊⁊ dat etẽplũ:om̃e ↄriũ coꝛruptiõi eſt gñatio: ſed vita eſt ↄria coꝛruptioni: ⁊ vita ⁊ aĩa ſũt idẽ:; vita eſt generario:ↄñs eſt falſum: g̊ ⁊ aliq̃ pᷣmiſſa rũ ⁊ nõ niſi iſta/vita ⁊ aĩa ſunt idẽ:igit᷑. Et de iſta ſatis viſum eſt in ſcðo pꝛioꝝ:quõ ſolũ fit in ſyllo/ giſmo ad ĩpoſſibile ¶ In ſeptia ⁊ vltĩa ꝑte deter miĩat de fallacia ſᷣm piures iterrogatiões vt vnã: dicẽs ꝙ hec fallacia ſit ex eo ꝙ płes int᷑rogatiões repctant᷑ vna:⁊ de his dat᷑ vna reſpõſio: vt ſũt ne illa bona aut nõ bona demõſtratovno bono⁊ vno malo.Cõſequẽter oñdit quõ hec fallacia cõmittit

ex eo ꝙ aliqͥs credit terminũ nũeri pluraus ſiliter

diffiniri ſicut terminꝰnũeri ſingularis: vt ſicut ce/ cus eſt nõ videns aptꝰnatus tñ videre:⁊ credat ꝙ ceca ſũt nõ videntia apta nata videre:tũc ſi quera turj vcrũ iſta ſint ceca aut vidẽtia demõſtrato vno

1

ceco ⁊ alio vidente:⁊ ſi dicat᷑ ꝙ ſunt ceca vel ꝙ ſũt videntia:tũc cõmittit ellis fella ie, huſtica ſt

i vtrũ de eiencho ſophiſtico ſit ſcia Querit ſpẽał tãqᷓ; de ſubo attributiõis bu ius ſcĩe. Arguit᷑ pᷣmo ꝙ nõ:qꝛ ſi ð ſyllo ſophiſtico

eẽt ſcĩa ipᷣa eſſet ſophiſtica:ſʒ ſcia ſophiſtica nõ eſt

ſcĩa:cũ dicat phᷣs in textu/ꝙ ſcĩa ſophiſtica eſt tm̃ ſcia apparens. ¶ Scdðo ſic:De ſubo ſcĩe debet pᷣ/ ſupponi ãd eſt ⁊ qꝛ eſt:ſed de ſylło ſophiſtico non pᷣſupponit᷑ qd eſt ⁊ quia eſt: cũ phᷣus ꝓbet in tex/ tu ipm eẽ. ¶ Tertio ſic:De nõ ente nõ põt eẽ ſcia: ſʒ ſyllus ſophiſticꝰẽ nõ ens:vt ptʒ ꝑ phm in textu dicentẽ/ ꝙ ſylls ſophiſticꝰ eſt apparẽs ⁊ nõ exñs. ¶ Quarto ſic:Syxlus ſophiſticꝰ nõ eſt niſi pꝛiua/ tio ſylłi dialectici: non videt᷑ de ipᷣo eſſe ſcĩa di/ ſtincta a ſcĩa ſylhi dialectici: cũ dicat ariſtoteles pᷣ/ mo de ala:ꝙ hĩtꝰ ⁊ pᷣuatiõis eadẽ ẽ ſcia. ¶ Auin to ſic: In oĩ ſcĩa ſunt ſyllogiſmi ſophiſtiai: g̊ ſcĩa ſophiſica nõ eſt ſcĩa ſpẽał diſtincta ab alijs. ¶ In oppoſitũ eſt phᷣs tradens nobis ſcĩam de ſyllo ſo/ phiſtico. In q̃ſtiõe erũt tres artle pe ad pᷣmũ 2*[A, gP p declaratione q⸗ Pꝛimo ſciẽdũ ſtiõis ſupponit᷑ pꝛĩo ꝙ verselenchꝰeſt ſyllus 5dictoꝛiꝰ poſitiõi rñden/ tis:ita ꝙ ſupꝛa ſyllm addit ꝓbationẽ:⁊ ſupꝛa ſyl/ logiſmũ dialecticũ addit ↄdictionẽ poſitiõi rñden tis.Ex qͥ ſeqͥt ꝙ elenchꝰtria includit.ſ.illationẽ in qᷓᷓtũ ẽ ſylłs:⁊ ꝓbationẽ inqᷓtũ eſt dialectic:⁊ Zdi ctionẽ inqᷓ;tũ eſt elenchꝰ:ita ꝙ 5dictio ẽvltĩa dꝛña ↄ ſtitutiua eiꝰ:ſʒ elenchꝰſophiſticus ſeu ſyllus ſo/ phiſticus qð idẽ ẽ:eſt apparẽs elenchꝰ⁊ nõ exñs: ex b̊ aꝛ nõ ſyllogiſat /vł qꝛ nõ ꝓbat ↄtluſionẽ Zdi/ centẽ poſitiõi rñdentis.Ex ã̊ ſequit᷑/ꝙ duo reqͥrũ tur ad ᷣ ꝙ dicat᷑ elenchus ſophiſticus. Pꝛimũ/ ꝙ

appareat eſſe elenchus. Scðᷣm/ ꝙ nõ ſit ſic appa/

ret. Per pᷣ nũ tãgit᷑ cã apparẽtie ſylłi ſophiſtici ſeu elenchi. Per ſcðᷣm tãgit᷑ eſfectꝰ eiꝰ. ¶ Ex iſt patʒ ꝙ triplex eſt elenchus ſophiſticꝰ.i.peccãs ĩ foꝛma tm̃/⁊ talis nõ eſt ſylts:aliꝰ in materia tm̃.ſiin ꝓba tiõe ↄcłonis Srie vel ↄdictoꝛie poſitiõi rñdentis/⁊ talis bñ eſt ſylłs:aliꝰ peccãs ĩ mareria ⁊ foꝛma ſił.

7 g ſylks ſophiſticus Gcdo ſciendũ̃ duyt acopit: Gno mõ vt eſt qdã obliqͥtas ſeu defectus lylłi dialecti/ ci:⁊ iſto mõ ſe hʒ ad yllm dialecticũ ſicut pᷣuatio ad habitũ:⁊ ſic de ipᷣo ſic capto non eſt ſcĩia diſtin/ cta ab elencho/ cũ habitꝰ ⁊ pᷣuatio ꝑtineant ad ean dẽ ſcĩam. Alio mõ capit̃ ꝓ ſyllo apparẽti gfatiuo deceptiõis: ⁊ hoc dupłr. Ano mõ oᷣme intentiona lit:⁊ ſic nõ eſt alið qᷓ ſylls ſophiſticꝰ/mẽtalis/ vo/ calis vł ſcriptꝰ/cuiuſmodi eſt iſte:om̃e ſanũ ẽ aĩal: vrina eſt ſana:q̊ vrina eſt aĩal. Alio mõ capit᷑ ſcðᷣe intentõalit:⁊ ſic nihil eſt aliud qᷓ; qãdã ſcða intẽtio attributa ꝑ ĩtellectũ q̃ ad denoĩationẽ ſyllo ſophi ſtico mẽtaii/jvocali vł ſcripto:cuiꝰ ꝓpꝛia paſſio eſt gñatiuũ deceptiõis:⁊ ſic de ipᷣo ẽ ſcia tãqᷓ; de ſubo attributiõis huius ſcie ¶ Supponit᷑ ſcdo/ ꝙ du pler eſt ſcĩa ſophiſtica.ſ.vtens ⁊ docẽs.Atens eſt habitus ↄcluſiõis ꝑ vſum argumẽtatiõis ſopbi-/ ſtice acqᷣſitus:vt eſſet habitꝰ iſtius ↄclonis:vrina eſt ſana facta ꝑ iſtã ſylſm:oſmñe ſanũ eſt aĩal: vrina eſt ſana:&ᷓ vrina eſt aĩal:⁊ ſic nõ eſtvera ſcĩia:ſʒ ſcĩa ſolũ adparẽs. Alia eſt docẽs qͥ eſt hĩtus ac⅞ſitꝰ ꝗ demõſtrationẽ docẽs foꝛmare argumẽtatiões ſo/ phiſticas ⁊ eas debite ſoluere. Ex q̊ ſequunt᷑ due vtilitates ſcie ſophiſtice. Pꝛima vtilitas: qꝛ docet foꝛmare argumẽtatiões ſophiſticas. Scða:qꝛ do/ cet ſoluere argumentatiões ſophiſticas.