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Inspectors are employed to visit the schools of their division, to examine whether the conditions of the annual grants have been fulfilled, and to report the results to the Depart- ment. They are not invested with any power of interference with the school management or method. There are also various sub-divisions in the Inspectors' Department, viz: Sub- Inspectors, Inspectors' Assistants, Inspectors of Returns. Since 1882, there exists the class of Sub-Inspectors who act under experienced Inspectors; 38 have already been appointed. The practical distribution of the annual grants of the Government rests with the body of In- spectors' Assistants. Inspectors of Returns are now few in number, and will probably cease to be required in the course of a few years.

Arrangements have been made for periodical conferences of the Chief Inspectors, whose duty it is to see that the rules approved by the Department are uniformly observed in their respective divisions.

As to the Salary of Teachers, the average salary of a Certificated Master, which in 1870 was+ 94. 2. 1., is now, according to the last Reportl of the Committee of Council on Education£ 119. 12., that of a schoolmistress, which was+ 57. 11. 1. in 1870, now ₰ 75. 9. 1. Pupil-Teachers earn 5 to 16 s. a week(girls 3 to 10 s.); Head Teachers£ 150 to 400 a year(ladies£ 120 to 300). These fixed salaries may be increased, when certain conditions are fulfilled, by„Good Reports“, or three or more Advanced Science Certificates, as well as in consideration of valuable experience and proved superior ability, etc. To what sum these extras amount, it is impossible to say. In addition to these emoluments, 5,906 out of 17,449 masters, and 4,673 out of 26,139 mistresses are provided with residences free of rent.²

The average salary of the 7 Certificated Assistant Teachers of Oldfield Road School is now about 135; the salary of Mr. Ball£ 330.

The salaries in the London Board Schools are proportionately very high.„The London Board School teachers are paid well and even liberally. We have shown, that salaries ranging from£ 200 to£ 500 a year are not difficult to obtain after a few years' service, and that the mistresses of schools for girls or infants under the Board are better paid on the average than the ladies, of far higher qualifications and attainments, who teach in the High Schools. ¹³

In comparison to the Teachers in Germany and France, the English Teachers at Public Elementary Schools are better paid. Mr. Arnold said that the Prussian Teachers' salaries were very low compared with those in England, and that the pay of Teachers in France is about two-thirds of the English rate of payment.“„From£ 50 to£ 80 a year“, said the Paris Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph(October 4, 1890),„is the ordinary run of their remuneration, and£ 100 a year is a prize in the profession which few obtain.“

Teachers have no right to pensions, but a limited number of pensions is annually granted to applicants fulfilling the following chief conditions:„A Certificated Teacher must have become incapable, from age or infirmity, of continuing to teach a school efficiently; have, as a rule, been employed continuously since 1862; be recommended by his Superiors; be 60 years of age, unless the pension is applied for on the ground of failure of health.“⁵ These applications will be collected, on their comparative merits, twice a year. At Michaelmas, 1883, 63 applications were made, and there were only 6 vacancies! Teachers who entered before 1851 have the first claim. The maximum number of pensions payable annually in England and Wales is 17 pensions of+ 30; 86 of ₰ 25; 129 of 20;£ 340 is also spent annually in special gratuities; making in all+ 5,580. But this limit of the number of pensions does not affect the claims of teachers who were employed before August 1851. In 1886, there were 522 pensions in force for Great Britain; the total estimate being£ 11,885; in 1887£ 12,370. The number of pensions for 1889 and 1890 may appear smaller than

See The School Board Chronicle. Sept. 27, 1890.

² See Report of the Committee of Council on Education. ² St. James'’s Gazette, October 10, 1890.

Parliamentary Papers. Vol. 37. 1888. Page 32.

¹ See New Code, Art. 130.