512 Qn the Culture of Turnips.[Nov.

in preparation for turnips. It Seems more ad vantagecus for wheat on Strong fresh Soils, than for turnips on any land, The wheat crops after it do not appear s0 great, generally, especially in May and Juve, as those for which dung is ap- plied, but they yield more aud better grain, and are often as bulky at harvest. Butthough we find it more advantageous to wheat than to turnip, yet.the latter crops are certainly benefited by it, and the Sucgeeding crops of corn and grass are much better than when it is omitted. To clover it Seems Particular]y favonrable. Before we employed this excellent Mmanure most ofour light gravelly turnip'soits would produce no good crops of corn except rye and oats. Now we ob- tain abundant crops of barley, pease, and wheat upon them. These lands it dzzds; upon:strong Soils, however, we See that It has a contrary effect, and everv practical man will readily allow that Such effects are profitable. We Seldom apply:;it to grass lands, except with a view of destroying fog in a few cases. We repeat it to our light Soils every turnip fallow, viz. once in SIX or eight years after they have been from three to five years in grass. To strong Soils, oftener, if they are freseh and have not before received very great quantities.

We think old tillage lands not much benefited by lime till after a rest in grass for Several years. in Some parts of this county we have a great deal ot good Shell marl, but no ehalk; I have no doubt, however, but tue latter may be burnt by using peat as fuel. We always Suffer our lime clods to fall into powder by the action of the air and moisture, or'add water for that purpose, before we apply it to the ground. And I Should Suppose that farmers derive no ad- vantage from the burning of the lime-stone, but so far as it is the cheapest mode of reducing it to powder. Suppose chalk(which I understand to be calcareous matter as well as lime-stone and marl) might easily be powdered without calet- nation, what advantage then does Agricola Noriolciensis expect from that operation? Much Jime-stone is burnt in the north of England, without properly bailt kilns. The Stone and coals are laid in large heaps and alternate layers, in the fields; these are called“ Ssow kilns," and no doubt where the stone and coals are conveniently situated, this method is more profitable than that of leading from proper kilns at a considerable distance.

In this county great quantities of shell marl are Sold at Mer- ton; and also upon the estate ofthe late Duke of Roxburgh, whichis found a good manure; but asit is not nearly 80 füinely powdered as lime, a much greater quantity per acre is re-