390 Shew of Prize Cattle,[Dee,

When Sir John Sinclair, in January 1802, was preparing his Hints regarding cattle for the public eye, there was the diffe- rence of 65 per cent increase on the price of flesh, 50 that the policy of the grazier, must at that time have been wholly diffe- rent from that which Should now prevail.

The variations then in the market are material to the con- Sideration of the grazier, in order to make the animal, as before noticed, into“ a machine the best contrived for converting herbage into money."

Dr. Adam Smith, the celebrated professor in the university oft Glasgow, Said that the greatest improvement in the pro- ductive powers of labour, and the greater part of the kdl, dexterity, and judgement, with which it is any where directed or applied, Seem to have been the effects of the division of Jabour.

It 1s precisely the contrary in the Subject to which we are now adverting, for the great impediments to improvement have been the consequence of the division of labour in respect to cattle. They were bred in one county, and by one set of dealers, were fattened and Sent to market by another, and but- chered by a third distinction. All ofthese living at a distance from each other, and baving scarcely any communication, the drovers and Salesmen intervening with each class, the Sub- Ject was very imperfect|y understood. It is t9 a person we have named and to his disciple, that we are principally indebted for the improvements in cattle. They united in their own persous, the knowledge requisite to the three dis- tunct characters, and the duty of the breeder was accommo- dated io the degigns of the grazier, and to the business of the butcher. We are not at all Sorry to See that in many of the Pprovinces of the kingdom there are men who. have directed their attention to these three important occupations, because we are obliged to confess, tbat the knowledge of cattle is yet in its infancy, and therefore that the improvements must at pre- Sent depend on this union of attainments, which we advise the Philosopher whose profession It is to observe every thing and do nothing, not to undervalue.;

In a few yearsit may be expected that the division of tabour to which we have alluded may be again re-establiShed with advantage, for we may preszume, that the present opportunities of experience will convert the art into a Science, reduced to great leading maxims and principles by which the three distinet employments may be successfully conducted. Several important advaniages will be derived from this restoras tion of the ancient plan. Cattle will be bred in those countries which aYe not Suited to the business of the grazier. The gra- zier will inhabit the rich and, luxuriant pasture where nature imparts her own plentitude to the animals Supported by ber bounty, and the joint labours of these puryeyors will enable the