1803.] On Draining and Watering.$47

Thus where water, descending in high columns between the strata of mountains, is dammed up below by the materials, which fill up the vallies; if a hole be bored in the valley deep through the incumbent soil and strata, it frequently rises much above the source of the new aperture, and some- times above the surface of the ground. In sinking the king’s well at Sheerness the water rose 300 feet above its source in the well. And at Hartford, in Connecticut, theré-is a well, which was dug seventy feet before water was found; and then on boring an auger hole through a rock the water rose so fast as to make it difficult to keep it dry by pumps, till the hole could be blown larger by gunpowder; which was no sooner accomplished, than it filled, and run over, and has been a brook for near-a century.

In the town of Richmond in Surry, and at Inslip near Pres- ton, in Lancashire, it is usual to bore for water to a certain depth; and that when itis found in both those places, it rises so high as to flow over the surface. And there is reason to conclude, that if similar experiments were made in many other places, such artificial springs might be produced at small ex- pence, both for the common purposes of life, and for the great improvement of lands by watering them.

Another deduction, which may be made from this know- ledge of geology, is, that many springs of water, which lie too low for serving a house, or street, or town, or for watering higher grounds for the purposes ef agriculture or gardening, may in many situations be dammed up many feet with little or no loss.|‘Thus when the new bridge was building at Dub- lin, Mr. G. Semple found a spring in the bed of the river, where he meant to lay the foundation of a pier; which by fixing iron pipes into it he raised many feet; and in boring a hole near the Derwent in Derby about fifteen yards deep, the water rose above the surface of the ground, and has con- tinued to flow now for above twelve years in rather an increas- ing quantity. Prom having observed a valley north-wést of St. Alkmond’s well, near Derby, at the bead of which that sprin of water once probably existed, and by its current formed the valley,(which current in after times found its way out in its present lower situation,) it is suspected, that St. Alkmond’s well might by building round it be raised high enough to supply many streets in Derby with spring water, which are now only supplied with river water.

A third deduction trom the knowledge of this geology con- cerning the production of springs teaches, that by enlarging the bottom of a well, where the water oozes from betwéén the surrounding strata-in too scanty a supply,a proportionally greater quantity of water may be procured.‘The hole near the river Derwent in Derby above mentioned, is about an

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