ÉS2 The Britiſh Merchant.[March

materials for the Arts, which were wanted from the weſtern coaſts of Europe. To theſe weſtern parts, they brought the commodities of the eaſt.‘They exerciſed various manufactures Gr fe uſe. both of Ma abd of Etiope] For ther oy ſuſtenance’ and ſecurity, they found it requiſite, to occupy 2 conſiderable trat of inland‘territory in Africa, lying adjacent to their city, Hence, they began to add to the charader of merchants, that of ambitious ſovereigns, and of landholders. In Spain, in Sicily, perhaps alſo in the Britiſh Iſles, poſts were to be permanently occupied, for the ſake of ſecurely working the mines, and colle&ing other natural‘produíions without moleſ- tation from the ſavage natives, Hence, conteſts with the natives, the vi&ory of the mercantile invaders, the ſubjugation of the ſavages, their ſale as ſlaves, their compulſion to work in the mines, the eſtabliſhment of the dominion of the Carthaginians in regions which they had firſt entered, as frangers, ſailors, and wandering merchants.‘The traffic in ſlaves was one grand branch of trade, among all the commercial nations of antiquity. In all the enterprizes, therefore, whether of trade or conqueſt, in which the’ Carthaginians engaged, the procuring of ſlaves for the Aſiatic market, was, no doubt, one capital obje,*

While the Carthaginians were forming theſe grand eſtabliſh- tnents, other adventurers from the eaft found their way to the weſtern coaft of J[taly. The firſt civilized ſettlers in TUSCANY» were probably Phœnicians. The diſſenſions and wars on the» coaſt of Phryzia, and in the Æpgean iſles, drove other coloniſts to find Etrucian ſettlements. Theſe were,- together, the firſt manufaQurers of that beautiful Etrurian pottery which, fill, almoſt bafflMes the emulation of modern art. They received frequent commercial viſits from the Carthaginians.- Manufac- tures and huſbandry, more than maritime adventúre, appear to have been the males of induſtry by which they were content to live. Subſeguent revolutions among the Greeks, brought Grez cian coloniſts to occupy almoît all the other coaſts of Italy, both eaſtern and weſtern. Agriculture and the other arts of huſbandry proved to ſome of theſe colonies, ſources of comparatively extra- ordinary. wealth. Several ingenious arts were practiſed among them, They had frequent maritime intercourſe with the Car- thaginians, and more eſpecially with the eaſtern Greeks.+

SPAIN was, indeed, brought within the ſphere of the maritime commerce vf the nations inhabiting at this time, round the coaſts,

# Compare the accounts concerning the Carthaginians» by Heredotus, Livy, Salluſt,&c. with the remaining monuments of their exiſtence and power which are mentioned by travellers.

+ Theſe‘particulars are derived from a compariſon of the accounts of Yomer,- Herodotus, Livy, and Dionyßus, Halicarnaſſius, with modgrR accounts of Tuſcan antiquities» i