(088[Sept:

Manufactures and Useful Arts.

Sept. I. The flax mill at Stanley, near Perth, the property of George Dempſter, Eſq. was this morning accidentally fet on fire and entirely conſumed to the loſs of property of the value of 3, 5001. ſterling.#

Sept. 6.—The dehgn of effeéting a paſſage between Kent and Eſſex, by 2 tunnel under the Thames, has not been relinquiſhed. But, the trial is, now in making at a lower fituation than that where the frſt experiment failed. Í

Of all expedients for treſerving houſes cool, in the hot ſeaſon, or in torrid climates, perhaps the beſt would be, to uſe double walls and windows with in- termediate ſpaces perpetually open to the acceſs of air from without,—but not from the houſe within. At leaſt, this mode of cooling houſes, has juſt been propoſed by one of our moſt ingenious cotemporaries. E

‘The poſlibility of obtaining ſugar from the Beet called Mangel-Wurzet, in a quantity worthy of extraction for the uſes of life, has, lately, been the ſubjeÆ of much experiment and diſcuflion in GERMANY: That éſtabliſhments for the manufadture of ſugar in this way, would be under certain regulations, fuffi- ciently lucrative, ſeems to be the general reſult of the inquiry. To render the ſugar from beets, as cheap 2s poſſible, it has been recently propoſed to prepare the /yrup or molaſſes on the farms on which the beets are produced, inſtead of carrying the beets from the farms, to diſtant ſugar-works. If the ſugar be prepared on the farms, that part of the beets, which is not conſumed in the manufa@ure, may be uſed in feeding the cattle, in manuring the fields, or for other purpoſes of rural œconomy. Tf the beets ſhall be rather removed to ſugar-works at a diſtance, the refuſe which does not aford ſugar, muſt be uſeleſsIy waſted. The extra&ion of the ſaccharine matter to the ſtate of ſyrup, on the farms, will therefore afford the ſugar at a ſmaller prime coft. It is likely that, in this way, the manufz&ure of fugar from beets, may become generat and highly advantageous in Germany.

At HAMBURGE, ever fince the year 1765, has exiſted an enlightened Society for the improvement of the uſeful Arts. Among its members and aſſociates, have been. ſome of the moſt eminent men in Germany. Tt has been in the uſe of be- ſtowing annual prizes for the Eſſays on certain ſubje&s which are, from timé to time, ſpecified. It has an inſtitution for le&ures on the uſeful arts. It even endeavours to combine the objets of the London Society of Arts with thoſe of our Humane Society. i;

Themanufaêture of glaſs of various ſorts, has been carried to great perfe&tion in Norway.|

Mr. BAADER of Munich, not long ſince, invented a pump, to be uſed in ex- tinguiſhing conflagrations, of which the powers promiſe to be ſingularly bene- ficial: It draws water from any contiguous canal, ſtréam,&c. and throws it, with extraordinary force, from two or three orifices at once, to the aſtonifning height of 75 or even 80 feet. Itis capable of drawing and throwing out, about fix and twenty cubic feet of Bavarian meaſure in the minute. It is eahfily con- veyed backwards and forwards on two PEN wheels drawn by two horſes. It ïs to poſſeſs many other advantages which render it worthy of thé particular attention of the world.

On account of the increaſing fcarcity of wood, the Daniſh government have ordered an examination of the foſſil rata of the iſle of Borwhölm, in the hopes of a diſcovery. of rich veins of pit-coal. Pit-coal, has alſo begun to be imported into Copenhagen from the iſle of Ferræ.

Mr. SILFURERSPARRE of Nykoping in Sweden, has contrived a mode of boiling hx kettles together, with the ſame quantity of fue} which is requiſite to boil one.

Mr. Stockenſchnader of Nienburgh on the Weſer, has lately invented a ma- chine which produces by friétion ſolely, a heat ſufficient to boil fluids.

Mr. HELM of Stockholm, has tately found, by the chemical analyſis of an