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PROGRESS OF AGRICULTURE. 11

proved implements and machines to their members; while others cause them to be manufactured for gratuitous distribution. Of these, they possess some fifty-six cabinets of working models, including numerous machines for the manufacture of drain-tiles, for the use of members. Some of the societies own property, others lease grounds or hold public property in charge or trust for agricultural and experi- mental purposes. A number of them are also provided with collec- tions of wool and Cereals, models of fruit, herbariums, mineral cabinets, chemical apparatus, philosophical instruments, designs, drawings and paintings of agricultural objects. The societies have, in the aggre- gate, some seventy-three libraries, for the benefit of the members, used either gratuitously or fom a small compensation, a regulation also applying to the perusal of tue newspapers, periodicals, and annual reports in their possession, being fifty-one in number. Of these, four are published by the government, forty-one by the societies, and six by private persons. The objects to which these publications are individually devoted are as follows: Horticulture, five; breeding, rearing, and management of horses, four; fruit-culture, one; forest- culture, one; wine-culture, one; bee-culture, three; silk-culture, two; statistics, two; the rest being devoted to agriculture generally. The agricultural publications in other parts of Germany, so far as is ascertained, amount to thirty-eight; the whole number being eighty-ninc.

Of agricultural institutions for education there are two classes— one including the colleges, and the other the elementary schools. Of colleges, there are five, three of which are supported by the gov- ernment, but two are private. In the colleges are taught the various systems of husbandry, farm management, book-Keeping, cultivation of arable and grass-lands, horticulture, landscape gardening and rural embellishments, silviculture, agricultural technology, mechanics, natural philosophy, botany, mineralogy, a knowledge of the soils, mathematics, agricultural chemistry, zoology, breeding, rearing, and management of animals, veterinary surgery, classification of sheep and wool, entomology, practical operations in the garden and field, designing and drawing, national economy, and the law and history appertaining to agriculture.

There are twenty-eight elementary schools, some of which are sup- ported by the government; others by societies; while a third class is private. In these are taught the elementary branches of agricultural education, by lectures and demonstrations, in a manner adapted to the comprehension of the pupils.

Besides the above, there are other schools devoted to special objects: Draining and improving meadows, five; management of forests, ten; horticulture, six; silk-culture, one; flax-culture, four; bee-culture, one; raising of sheep, two; spinning schools, fifteen; the whole number being fifty-seven. In the neighborhood of some of these schools, there are machine shops, where the pupils have an opportunity of witnessing the making of various machines, thus uniting practice with theory. There are also model farms and ex- perimental grounds of various sizes. amounting in all to seventy-two,