to the Second Volume.

management, that with one fort there may be confiderable lofs, while under another a very adequate profit may be derived.

The circumftances in refpeét to the nature of the foil, which have been chiefly directed to be attended to by Mr. Young, in fixing upon a farm, are thefe:“ftiffnefs, moitture, expofure, levelnefs, flope, ftoninefs; what draining, manuring, fencing, &e. will be wanted: the roads, diftance of market, prices of commodities, labour, &c. the ftate of tithes or gathering; the poor rates, the compactnefs of the fields, and covenants relative to cropping;” as“ many fuch are extremely detrimental to a good conduct of the land.” And“ one general rule in hiring a farm fhould not, he fays, be forgotten—to fix on good land, and he can fcarcely pay too much for it; but, for poor foils, the leaft rent is fometimes too high to be confiftent with profit. By poor foils, however, are not to be underftood fuch as have a command of Jafiing manures, that work great improvements;. nor wafte lands, which,.under that falfe denomination, are often found the moft profitable of all.”

It is obferved“that the found, mellow, rich, putrid, crumbling, fandy loams are of all foils the moft profitable; fuch as will admit tillage foon after rain, and do not bake on hot: gleams-of fan coming after heavy rains, when. finely: harrowed: fuch land is better: worth forty fhillings an acre than many foils deferve five: The next foil is that of the ftiff loam, which is neareft allied to brick earth; this, till drained; is in general an unkindly foil, without plenty of manure. It is known in winter by being very adhefive upon walking over it: is long in drying, even when little or no water is feen upon it; for which reafon it is- generally latein the fpring before it can be ploughed. When quite dry it breaks up neither fo hard and cloddy as mere clay, nor near{fo crumbly and mellow as the good loam. If it isin ftub- ble, it is apt to-be covered witha minute green mofs. There are many varieties of this foil, but all agree in moft of thefe circumftances; and in being what the farmers call poor, cold, hungry land. When hollow-ditched, and greatly ma- nured, it yields any thing; but thofe who hire it fhould forget neither of thefe expenfes.”

It is added, that“ the gravelly foils are numerous in their kind, and very different in their natures. Warm, dry, found gravelly loams are eafily diflinguifhed in winter. They admit ploughing all winter through, except in very wet times; always break up in a crumbly fiate of running mould; and, if a ftubble, will. dig on trial by the fpade, in the fame manner. If under turnips, you may perceive, by walking through them, that it will bear their being fed off.‘The wet, cold, fpringy gravel is a very bad foil; it is known in winter by the wetnefs of it; and in{pring, by its binding with hafly fhowers. It rarely breaks up in acrumbly ftate, or{hows

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