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CroyNsT PAGE. PAGE. Necessary preparation of the land, and Where proper F° 3 427 the advantages of it:- 120 Means of sheltering young hedges j- ibid Proper season of planting;*. ibid. Circumstances that prevent quick hedges What necessary to attend to in choosing from succeeding 7 eo{A129 the plants;. 121 Disadvantages of trees in hedge-rows«.« AsO In raising them in the nursery‘- 122 Modes of managing young live hedges._— ibid. Most advantageous size of« ibid. Comparison of with walls F» 13S Those of equal growth should be planted Management of old hedges‘- ibid. together: en2sS On different situations: e ibid. The trimming requisite for them:. ibid. Directions for raising hedges on land ex~ Metkods of planting hedges;«? abid. posed to sea-air: 2 140 Vary much in diflerent districts.; ibid..DITCHES.:« 142 On ditch banks;.- ibid. What necessary in the making of them._ ibid On sod turned up E‘ s tbid.+GATES:;» 143 On the plain surface:- ibid. Various modes of comieucaen of= abid. Different ways of making them:- 124 Kinds of wood most useful for—.. ibid Advantages and disadvantages of each What necessary to be attended to in.» 145 mode‘. 125. STILES 3. ibid. Methods recommended by Mr. Middleton. ibid. Various methods of making them- ibid. Utility of them:<: abide. What necessary in planting on banks:- 126 Disadvantage of large banks and ditches. ibid. Observations on fences in general© ibid. Where most useful‘:- ibid. Onthe means of making, managing, and Planting on the surface without banks« abid. preserving them: 146 RRR ree S:£,C-P:1 ON. V: CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS. PAGE. PAGE, ROADS°‘-. 148 Where made on this plan, roads need Advantages of, various:> abid. not be so wide;. 158. Circumstances to be attended to in the di- Much land may consequently be saved. ibid. rection of=- ibid. The quantity of estimated. eueibid. Different forms of, considered: the con- Different soils require a difference in the vex; the concave; the varieties of construction of roads‘=) bid. flat faeoes a- 149 Methods of making them in sandy ere ts m No particular form suitable perhaps for all In clayey.: e 159 situations::» 150 In boggy soils.°» 160 Various circumstances in regard to forms On the sides of hills;- 161 stated i« ibid. Should be kept from having water running Some objections to the convex form Filey on them in every construction. 162 Probably not well founded.: 152 Modes of constructing iron or railed roads ibid. Concave form found advantageous in Advantages of::» 163 Leicestershire‘: Ads Where most useful.;«Abid. Peculiarities in the flat forms, described ibid. ReParrRiING Roaps* ¢ k Abid. Objects generally aimed atinall.. 154 Communication on parochial pads.. 166 Beatson’s theory of roads; ibid. Defects of:‘« bids Form of the basis or bottom, of much im- Means of improving them-- 167 portance,- 155 Wheels of particular forms injurious to Application of certain principles in con- roads Z»' 168 struction of:;« abid. Differenteffects ofthe conicaland cy{indrical ibid. Different circumstances to be attended Latter most advantageous.. ibid. to in::.£56 Cummings’s estimate of the difference in Various advantages of such construction the effects of:<. 169 described é:- 157 Forms of roads that are the least affected Banner of forming the drains in.. ibid. by wheels in general‘ 5 TB