—— 2 r 2 — 8— A☛ —— 8— 11„ 1 * 4 5. 8 ——— — ¹——— ~ 4 d CONSIDERED, Sin 3 A OBSERVATIONS ON PERMANENT MEASURES TO KEEP WHEAT: AT A MORE"REGULAR PRICE, AND SECRETARY TO THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, LONDON: PRINTED BY B M'MILLAN, RUSSELL-COURT, COVENT-€A 6 SOLD BY W. J. AND J. RICHARDSON, ROYAL-EXCHANCE, AND J. WRIGHT, PICCADILLY, | PI ICE‘| oe 4 eee- EE Ey—— [ 6) nion, that, though true in fadt, it is utterly incompetent when applied to a whole nation, or even to one county. A man sometimes assumes a sort of authority from the hundreds of acres which are for a few months the scene of his res1- dence and his amusement, very deservedly upon many points—least of all, when the result of his local observations is extended to millions of acres. A most laudable feeling common to multitudes, becomes another source of error—Fear of aggra- vating the evil by sounding alarm; and, on the other hand, an equal apprehension, that without alarm the public good will be neglected, and effi- cient measures rejected for want of knowing the real danger of the case: hence, perhaps, some little exaggeration on both sides. My objet in writing this tract, 1s to attempt io state the question as clear as I can, between those who are full of apprehensions that the scarcity is so real and great that no mea- sures can remedy it, and others who think it so trifling, that no measures are necessary, except for satisfying the people, and shew- ing the attention of their rulers. A very plain statement of what I conceive to be well authen- ticated facts, will, 1 trust, have the effect of proving that the scarcity is so great as to demand effeive measures; but by no means so formi- dable as to render such measures vain; for[ am well LF J well persuaded that the Legislature may remedy the evil completely. Let us then first inquire into the degree of this scarcity. And here I must make one previous observa- tion, which I think has been greatly neglected. Inquiries hitherto have gone too much into the proportion of the crop, and too little attention paid to the price; it should seem as if men would be pretty well satisfied, provided they could prove the deficiency to amount only to a fourth or a fifth, forgetting that the people are suffering a very heavy distress, whatever that proportion may turn out: of what account to them your fine speculations in arithmetic, while they pay five pounds a quarter? What an insult to common sense is it, to hear that the crop has been so mo- derately failing, that measures are rejected when proposed, om that account; as uf a price beyond the faculties of the poor was not motive sufficient for exerting every nerve to remedy it; for listening with patience to every proposition; for executing with vigour whatever measures promise relief.— When in conversation I have mentioned certain plans which I thought would be beneficial, I have been answered by many very respectable persons, << Upon my word, Mr. Youn, I believe the scarcity is much exaggerated; my Steward, or Mr. Such-a- ene, Says the crop was not so bad.’ A quartern jcaf is the best answer to such gentlemen. Grant ——————$— [8] Grant the fat, and the evil is still more op- pressive and afflicting. The providence of the Almighty is to be submitted to with patience and resignation; but an artificial scarcity that shall last for months, must be the sole fault of the Le- eislature. What short-sighted supporters are those of government, who contend against the existence of a great, real, and unexampled scarcity; who seem to think they gain a point,.if they prove the deficiency only a fourth! Do they forget, that in fact they are strenuous only to shew that we have the honour of living under a very bad government, which permits the people to be thus distressed tor food in the midst of tolerable plenty! But to come to the deficiency—let us first ex- amine what isa common crop of wheat. Thirty years ago I made three agricultural tours through England, which extended little short of five thousand miles; and the average produce of wheat, upon the minutes I took, was 24 bushels per acre. In the last fifteen years 1 have also made many shorter journies(one, however, of thirteen hundred miles) through many coun- ties, to the extent of about four thousand miles more, and the.average produce of wheat in these was also 24 bushels; not a little to my sur- prize, for| expected it would have been higher; but when I reflected on certain circumstances that had taken place, I found that 1 had on principle been erroneous in that expectation, and that the pro- .o- — 38> CX: [9] product ought to have turned out less rather than ereater—but such was the fact. From. all these journies, united with other nu- merous authorities since the establishment of the Board of Agriculture, I formed the following table AVERAGE PRODUCTS OF WHEAT IN ENGLAND. Bush. Bushs Bedford= Zo~=>- Lincoln‘_ 28 Bucks- 214+ Middlesex. 24. Berks a“ 24. Monmouth- 20 Cambridge° 23; Northampton- 24. Cornwall= 2 Notts_ 22 Cheshire-~ 23 Northumberland. 27 Cumberland a 22#£xNorfolk< 24 Durham° 21 Oxford= 20 Dorset.= 223 Rutland: 28 Derby> 24. Stafford c 26 Devon a« 622' Surrey 23 Essex=: 242 Sussex~ 26 Gloucester~ 18 Suffolk— 22 Hants- 22 Somerset= 2 4 Hereford 5 224 Salop is 20 Hunts>- 15 Westmoreland- 20 Hertford= 23. Warwick- 24. Kent 2 24.‘Worcester° 24. Lancaster“ z4. Wilts- 22 Leicester> 25 York> 22 Average a fraction less than 23 —— In 1793 and 1794 the whole kingdom was surveyed by order of the Board of Agriculture: unfortunately it was done too rapidly, and those first surveys, cannot upon the whole be appealed to as satisfactory authority; whether upon this point of produce a better reliance on t! 1em 1s to ++~o«-— Py TE er ae- PE POTS er—a a-— = SIO a RIN “= a we [ 10| be had, I shall not determine.—The following 1s the result: Bush. Dorset: 224 Surrey. 23 Norfolk. 24. Sussex- 28 Middlesex{the S.E. ara- ble distri only) 28 Wilts= 22 Hants- 22 Cambridge. 232 Rutland: 28 Warwick- 22 Buske Leicester 25 Cumberland“ 23 Durham: 20 York, W. Riding 22 Northamberland Zz Somerset(part of the co.) 25 Northampton. 26 Hereford“ 22+ Stafford 28 Worcester- 15 Average 234 But the average produce of wheat, so far as ascertained by the Board of Agriculture, will be fund more satisfactorily by the new Reports, with 4 selection from the old that have not been sur- veyed again, made on principles which those will understand who are well acquainted with those old Reports. CORRECTED REPORTS. Middlesex a3= 24. Lincoln-< 28 Wottingham° 22 Kent~- 22 Lancaster. Northumberland~ 27 Cumberland Stafford‘n #3 25 i Somerset,~ t er ose. 242 24 Suffolk: FIRST REPORTS. Dorset-- 224 Norfolk-° 24. Wilts e- 22 Cambridge General average Rutland a Warwick ss York‘ Essex a a eo~ Zz which time ial eS Pe ve — ed ‘% ' - ertal >| >) at *T™ 7S a 4 DOSLI ol=> ot=. ww A YY t St (17 YR A ] VV Tif r ’ - e ~ LC — yk i ™ A ef oOre | Bi- pvsiv tc we CX eo ‘ —~—— a! — f ~~ r+ od —_ ew .~_ ™ s ¥ i. f’ ; i££| oe Se eee, 4 tw Ly . 7 a.~~-—. Se| ‘, 5;™ if+7 we AY LAW LAY|] > ff on De w) J y ay+ Ww caa t ~ ~ VJ £ JiTee ' a.=| ee em nure A , &++ 6&4 bey 7° On qd @ i / ' v7 O ft tx « (fo | a " Se ---—» one if ats OQ & Ee) to p —™ f PD{TF w VAEA YY a [ 12| I suppose the rent to be the average of arable land; which may not be accurate, but 1s not, I believe, far from the truth. On reviewing the other particulars, I do not see any that are car- ried too high; some articles are omitted, as fences, and incidental expences, which enter for something into the farmer’s accounts; and many articles of wear and tear, which the tillage ex- pence will not cover. Doubtless there is more profit upon wheat after clover or beans, but it is necessary that the product of wheat be equal to the expence ot every common preparation; if it is not, such preparation would be abandoned. To analyze this point with more precision, let us suppose straw to be worth ros., and the sun- dry expences mentioned 3s.; and allow the farmer 12 per cent. on his capital, which capital may on an average of his farm be called 5].; then the account will stand thus: ta Sa) aie Expences—— 6 169 Add sundries— vs ro fae SEE> ft AONO: Deduct straw—— Oo 10° 1 6.9-© 12 per cent. On 51. for two years i 4.0 A372 24 bush. at 6s. 44d.~— 7 as. 22 bush, at 7s.~ 7 fe tees©. 20 bush. at 7s. 74d.— 7 gee Reo. 36 bush, at os, 64d,— 7.13 0 which = tt atadle NOL,| or+] waiVvy which last ought now to be the price for fallow wheat, supposing tbe deficiency only a third. I need not be told that straw is in many places worth more than t1os.; 1 know it well: but J contend that the price of wheat must be sufficient to pay the farmer, where it is worth very little; and there are many such districts, not to speak of leases that prohibit the sale. Al ter a person has travelled nine thousand iom, and not whirled in a post- chaise, or hurried in mails or= pte be but of inquiring f ublic Board, > = f Pa New ot ea ag CD CU me§ C“\4 oo =P CD © — Laned OF: To U To—- 4 VA =) ea=e to a 1 ‘ o> oa on m D 4 =© composed of so many most res specta able characters J yi |= a: o eee ap a I has with sufficient care and attention emeiea >= the surveys of eighteen* counties scattered over >, the whole kingdot m, and such inquiries AGE in the result—J] will not presume to assert that it is infallible, or any thing like ae he will 1 tic yt be« deen 1EG pata } doxical, who thinks that the opinion of any individual, however respeétable, when not derived from superior means of infor- mation, cannot with the smallest degree of pro- priety be resorted to as authority sufficient to sverturn so many concurrent faéts. And the TAs ner malt} CO AVET a} OT reader will observe, that when I stated to the eo+[1“DQ: a jou)(2 we~ Committee of the House of Commons the pto- , S| ca 9? oo RAS lewhere between 22 and a4 * There are many Reports which give no return of the ~ 7 “average prodquce, es 4 |?): B 2 by shels, wad Nefaso} C9 ef\ ca AS,, O OS coe= 22.= ae ¥ lan cn on o_o-4, cS ey 4 mood 1D<1 A ty ct rr 1—— rr)(Eh 7> po|: DO a& Beat s=e mle ates ts f)»:~~ A) RSE sy.-{: = rr C ct“ U// f hm© ood*) cs, rr’~.= ome) A. 4°) 3 4= seaeay d)_—) 3— 6~~ ont Po QQ Q VV q N im(1A Olé SC&#T ¥ oO me). 7:,} .;.<:>> ¢ co.= 3 Se c i>= be Bese Ol 6. 22= a) or A ae a ee Oe CO ON- Oe SP Se SN ae Se»> - New ro«—_.“as j| 4-‘ = q)> P pant*€\— ee,““+. ls f Ls emi el a d ep) d) oe a een WJ@ ree ml e pet om 4 ead ¢ ep) mo© a ct at EN a O cal@) pout| a|= ot>‘4 pal aka) leaner Cz 4© A ‘mn. qi: od° 4~docnd‘ Q cS et= ex? 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OF OO a A Fes PN co Hating)‘: r °: C 5 eae.© Yat> TREE© Ream© MR© SMR© RE a Mi cen-: A Y Cc’ als ate 1.3’ wp cf} x JO240 20 A0"© 40». C 5;:=~ Sv+ CD ITS Tat II ce‘ e' Set lanes SE aa iene mie rm> sf»©) O@|©()'@) C) O ae es ¢ A a~~- x ont, iy hs\ a) Gy hom, Oo~~~~~ a“ on~-. on oo~ a“; y)\§ 3) a ir qd) fon»~F—-_ one~~ A“ “ae~~°-“~“ew~ r a—] GA,~_7 s OC. Oo i)© GS Orn we NS. Oe S|& jee Se ae oe ea: ey= TRS ie ee eg ow VU=< GO CoO=: iC) ta Lm Of a t- Gi, LJ) op an oh pox_ CS) yaant Ags“1 8 ot 3"— — S ta.& es CO ax Se) ae Bar LN©= O VU rR Oe an~=‘<< ~-.-~ 2s ed—_ a|€2 bs C= t-- oy at ) EF pn.="., ae za”“ z aed: rend r~--d ee~—é sonst>) Ca eg sia t>- a_ a~ cad'; eI(2 Cc a Yok a C3 ¢ O O ¢ é C™N O| ety 2 oe EB Dace! O a 9)—_— CO A| oN VN= yee homer at Cad kas a=&D L re.=~— a~ 4| ti| rec PS.~~ ai wt) 1 N N= N Nal ey= oe_ Ou.(P=— oon C‘) eet~~~——]— wand;,}= .. N cot eed= y fy©).-_ ¢ rod) aieed--4 q EE on| cP) ees a cre‘ aa, Tt.°——_———=(|) i)_ ame: ont ¢ x asd ote ny’ weed te a) ro(ay= Cf)| iin—.~ ~~ Petje pent! a) e qd) LJ ae~. a, attr, 1)~f)}- 1 ''-—e| wend:)=. e CG) ae!«)’~~? et Fug» O A~ tv p)+ A) t rr’ 1. nN)~4- OOD i Xe)©)=}>> to pad tf) qd)© wud pat:&- f) GS~)|.-_ eo.: 2 pom eal"ra,~~>-— t grestecend . NS NS NS N GN™N et| N N|.| qd) ore! ¥ r——4— vant Ay ¢ ts@ ¥ yY“\ Ce” C2| a“ CES C} Y, oo‘ NS Bee ed\ >} a| el> ound|“a.°‘ dns cts pas crt CY i‘ ed— V2- P) yay"} | ash Alt. Gq)‘«~ 4 Cy i = ia= el f 2‘(Sz. el. 4 penne 4,> Gq) rr eet qackancd ye’ ate 5 O 5© AB Nt a eS nt lac yt shea 18 aioe 1 ‘>>\ b-. 4 POO te. 80 0) Or 10) 30 200, Of OF 0>= VY 210) 42) ie ae a oo“ ~:>{ 4 a. ts J)©) U oO€)© oO&©); C) C) p< 4) pad Ol*~/ m. qj) ea tO plato Wer©. Py is a:- SiS O=“~~ et AS) ee~- ~©)~ C) en) 7 C, C C)‘) O O rons>!”‘ om ae. Rives eo h eo er ues r ~~ on nn az= on~=-~~| J my€ om——~—| 4 ZS_—d f)—| ~”s.-~ wo en a“ Se aa-~~ 5 rs©~«0 a O r O a C) i on e i~ a OE een GP ow i=‘ J aa=~— r \O 3‘= C, ¢ 1 aoe/= ae© NS O)} o> 7 C)' x| 2—( 4 rey FSG)| a;; Ves fi a ,>) oe r~ wine~~ EE et)<-= ts oe CV|@ od cS o>~—‘ea me v4 ii ra~+ iE -~~~ o~“~~“*{:: el oe en ae ey, a fet" eS_ aes_;“ a }=,"-%— a>={ fy Jj J | s= m4 m4 pat ws“ys si CO' Co 9) re: poss\= |. Vv»B=e=/ ep) ated Samed eee-_ oo on. 7 as‘> rf 3 md‘() i ¢=——‘ dal—— i 7 aa] PT} bas 4>,=$9'= bed cw—— SY Ch nee ee mA(>— pa en) Cf) ne Dd Ne ‘| aaah aa a" @ Y2 wd B ¢ OS, > tH°— a©( r C3” fi eed a~~ Ne 4 a oa a# 3 ad c 5~« 4 Y L)( cs 3.<2: nt CY: i*V v7 em 3}- ees|—(“ im/-*> G). eee 9}@) Seaonl sll oot sig pa‘( ee §| a= c 5> C J r=~ ei»“~| amen=A GS—{ ad 8 6 a 19|—-|=> 4 alount on° Vi/) 4h r— |” t:} oe'¢~ e ped. ¢ A bs 3 a nd- a od a ED er»)~‘fy at Cc<2 Ser ’ a 2 QJ%.- aoieeenl reo Vi 1) co| ve 6 s | f c smu ce 2) ee tes ee On et ' oo OR gO aD=e Sr tS eA QJ pmol C 5— G~pod—~) 4 : C1)- a:-| +-~ Co——= mq“>° ct’ al or“—s ou fe)~— ol=“om”‘€ oy wa-_"~ Ww sm, vee=p= )|/ i) so z med a. C) ros y) a) a>== a pad—_ pommc! e SJ C) 4 4— ies) o/“— eS rr” ny 4 es a> me soja! Paloma ace tae i te aa cai Aw i er—‘A a“ Cc— s 4. er Ned Be a oll>“- 4-“v; > ae- ape= a aa a) eas nond CO x&, ACS t) te NU yor:=~ Sf> i C7): bir 4')/')\ J} 4(f) onl C)_ i. Cj. af a4 3 ae aa»:: ba Lae= ge ea: D>~~ NEM oe CT f 2 ie x) ms ae hea—, 4 q me d r 4 brane ieee os\/ f 4/©}~ Sa aq Sicvemiee, oR‘).: Ais B 7— C =e a=_ bre a--4 lo) eo tl— oS ad~~ oo en~~ ¢ a.) ry s fr 5 ben 1 A| r 5 a| Lee SD| cri 7— o'} iE/ 25 pS- permed pecan 2 i 4 ry 7 5 ww at| a ee° 4‘ ee,— 4 bed meet il Wee, por+| ome pod 4 f} Ss J ane‘| C; oe> ol 2 r) ean“{) Sie| 2 i e a 7"> 2 4= es 2% if bere ea a a d’ od| and voor||—s| Js 2 c at vo, J aoe SIP) _— ~~ ~*~ om YY wy A ari rs “~~*® -@ ; . - a| -|— —| / . ead ., ed | -_ , ~--~ a~ ps wn (/ eA w= rn — a) y, —~~4 4 -_—s A -” a J 4 gurd r— r~+ an” r-4 ee 3 be ~ ~~@) F—= x? )°» qo-oad “—_- 4 ea --., ¢ Po; f‘ f Cc C) oa we ~ @ alia! 4 rf yD e 7 he ha a pay fm /: t rm i} bad| ~~ ‘ ul — 7 rec ” a) AA Ww \+ as Tl v\ rs \ SAS~&-e\& ms s* oe ae f A4wiwNuclo ] riryy ¢ an} whit ~ 4 A PA rok oO md Ww CLS a SE Pe Cc ligent and careful persons I met with, such ac- counts as they could give me—the following ee able is the result: ee a’ Fissex. Westmoreland. Hants. Lincoln. Wheat scarcely averages on strong or wet land two quarters per acre; most of it poor, thin, damp stuff. Barley worse. Wheat sowing miserable. Little in, Nov. 12. Deficient one-third. Deficient one-third. Wheat three-fifths of a usual crop. Barley, beans and oats three-fourths. Stiff land, too wet to sow, Nov. 13. On dry land, one-fourth deficient in quantity, and one- fourth in quality. Full a third. Ditto above one-fourth. & ed x t.= at Deficiency one-third. ¥ iF-,} i).= 4 nH Ay erage progque e ka a t d 10t op céea iv,& pa|“is ale{2 Ora e Wer| ee Lea om a er T 5 JUSIICLS per acte s a’ ¥y iat bbw V O TS t At Ae )“=-}.. rf.’ known. Barley a short crop: oats, beans L, WI= Py~ o‘ s>> a 1/ NV ¢ on. fs oa a a. a: anG Hease an avy C I aD Y Cr¢[).\ neat S¢ Wil(7 I, I CJ NINTe hack tar| 4 1,)’.> h NA etToOn© Ty ft. m~ iS WUTe ack W ast than Ciie hada Vedia Lian"4 4 ot begun,_— r 3 eficient a third. DeGcicet near a half. Wot more than hali a crop. Much wheat >| a oe a got in by Dec. 1. — cm a Se eS*e ahnove-"ae Peas T De FCIeENt avUVE A rourthn. VA] haat va ts half Vr eyveriag ron Raryleow y¥ pivtae not Abt E an average Cire Je DaAakit y o o x and nate averace eatitéa VA J ays ¢ Daal=- Deficies ve one-third. Wi] he- e ry AP aa cc- neh™ of La~t7Ta;. a e a ylaxy ‘VY JIL A PAA VV LUULLIlsS VU Cie a yverage; aia ¥ 9 = a IS P} T 2a fa nr’ rang ce> o Veg ry 7 7 Od L> Riave us ao iv) a Y G| As? Ne.VC KNO Vo n$0 bad fe 19°] bad a season for sowing. Much thrown out (Dec. 2) for spoiled corn. Devon. Not half an average crop. Cornwail. Fourteen bushels per acre: if as deficient t Wet elsewhere, there will be from 15 to 20 mil. lions of bushels wanting for 10,000,000 > b) people: the deficiency from one-fourth to one-third. Short of 16 bushels. Barley deficient! ¥ > © 2| ¢:) i) third. Wheat not very much below an average. Deficient one-third, ditto one-fourth. scotland. Deficiency in the south nearly half. Oats the same. Norfolk. Wheat four combs instead of five the ave. rage, dry land: ditto wet land, deficiency full one-third. suffolk. Deficient one-third. Oats and barley under average. Northumberland, The ¢aiJ wheat last year, better than the Crop this.—Nothing ever like 1t—we have neither quantity nor guality. REE APTITU LAL EON: Hssex, deficiency—— 5 in 20 Westmoreland~~ 6 2-3ds in. 20 Hants——- 6 2-3ds in 20 Lincoln-~_- 8 in 20 Berks=—- 6 in 20 Oxford—-—- 6 2-3ds in 26 Kent-——— 6 in 20 Notts~—--” in 20 Derby—— 8 in- 20 York——— 10 in 20 Bedford—— 6 2-3ds in 20 Cambridge—— 5 1-half in 20 south Wales—— 11 in 20 C Leicester TS+ ary.*“ ———— ae i SSS ae Be as eee [ 20 Leicester=— 7 in 20 Sussex—— 5 in 20 Devon=-—~ if in: Zo Cornwall——- 6 in 20 Scotland——~- 9 il 20 Norfolk-——— cr-half in 20 Suffolk—-— 6.2305 in 20 Average- 7 in 20 These were the authorities upon which the information I gave the Committee was founded, in which also I spoke moderately. Finding other, and very different accounts cre- dited, I thought that I might have been deceived in supposing these particulars applicable to the whole kingdom, and therefore sent a circular let- ter to almost every county, with the hope of pro- curing a more varied intelligence.‘The casei table will shew the result: I sent a copy of it to Lord HawkeEsgury, Chairman of the Com- mittee. € OMe fOYITIJ-ODUO JUSIOYSP SYM Yeoy™| A OOVTYS> i Counties. Lincolnshire, a —_ qj Luition! ‘2,‘oe. oY> ao) A ON NN N ON Persons. Parkinson, Elmhirst. Amos. Rocliffe. Goulton. Scott, o-oo Sere> —_ Deficiency. One-half. | Very near, if not quite one-half, MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. Stock in hand in straw—the fold-yards seem to have as much as common at the season, but difficult to say, as the yield is so defici- ent, what may be the consequence before the new crop is reaped.— All commons ought to be inclosed by a general at; and states how by counties. Much barley consuming. Potatoes commonly taken up the beginning of June, and in great abundance the middle of July.—Jobbers and dealers in corn a great nuisance, Stock in hand considerably less than in 1499, Grant land to th e poor for potatoes, in proportion to their families, The wheat left inthe country, with all that can reasonably be ex. pected from abroad, will fall considerably short of our usual consump- tion. Potatoe crop deficient one-half on the warp lands.. I. have grown very fine potatoes from sprouts only. All consuming barley. I know by experience, that the eyes of potatoes scooped two. thirds of an inch diameter, will produce good crops. If the crop of wheat was deficient one-third, it should be remembered that seed and } vie wie toacts at Counties. Lincolnshire. Staffordshire. Tomlinson, Pitt. Deficiency. ee ee ee ee es ee j ‘ | ~ fh ae ne we eee”... MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES, the farmer’s consumption are the same; the deficiency of one-third of the whole is all taken from the quantity brought to market. In. closing corn fields a great diminution of wheat grown. Corn.dealers assert there is a sufficient quantity of wheat within the distriGt of Newcastle, for its own supply: samples now(Feb.), uncommonly numerous; shewing the corn had been kept back; far- mers refused 16s. expeting that parliamentary discussion would soon make it 20s. Much oat-bread used here; deficiency of which uni. versally admitted. Perhaps itis not yet too late to prohibit any sort of corn applicable to the food of man being given to horses.—Pre- miums for potatoes good. Harvest being a month later than common, have to provide only My for eleven. Reduced consumption will serve another month, opinion is, that the stock in hand is considerable, owing to the wet harvest, and that after March it will come out; but as it will be in fewer hands, nohope of a moderate price. Wrong to break commons for one year; but Right to offer premiums to encourage potatoes. Counties. Staffordshire. Kent, oY N Lancashire. Counlilse Eincolnshire. i ED out ee ee ee SE eee ee ee ee Jacob. Holt. Persons. Scott, D od CIENCY» Sevenin twenty- two. From one-third to one-fourth, One-third, MISCELLANEOUS CIR ought all to be divided and inclosed. 8B where the harvest isin May. Something less than half the wheat on CUMSTANCES ounty for corn fro hand common at the sezson. Remedy—eat more barley in bread, by drinking less in beer. stance of brown bread and rice saving one-third of the consun The high prices have certainly induced the farmers to thres get to market as much wheat as possible; the late harvest was a g Ww ic wr ¢ mo% ee ani at~h o«"}:+~&“ry-ir sistance, but notwithstanding that, I am certain the stock LON. nat 1 anne ~| s*°? Me in hand 1s <>) . a lilze, a y Pe|“>".~ bay od Bs T le’ an. ea das owe ¥ vata. mitting y the next should be an Cary harvest. Premiums for potatoes |° one of the best of measures; and every exertion to preserve eyes. Barley average crop: oats not half A prem! for early po af ey an AVELARC CrOD ¢ Oats not bicGaiie L\| ITCH Niu hi‘ Ly Sam tatoes absolutely necessary: 300 acres of wheat ploughed up last atoes a2vsad ute: nece SAT) y Sy YO avU.s.euo VA ¥YV¥ giwc p fom vu p ad t& ? very be oie aay ee rat q aero) a a 3 C year inone parisal; COMMUTE the tytue on pi ofatoes, though on y ior ara et Ane ny TA, Pe Weegee flaca Har one year. Nothing would do so much good as letting the poor nave <.*~ and a Full crops ee are land for potatoe of tre douche O0¢ by making beer * A circumstance of that s MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUS ason not attended to as it 1 1 re searly as July. Sav at VES cia qs~“J 1d, a quart.} »- hte ISTANCES one e bar! D AGe ry e C Out i 2S. Cheshire, Oxford, Persons. Folliot, Durell. Crowe, Allen, Defictency. One. fifth. MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES,- A letter, merely to propose a bounty on potatoes. Stock in hand equal to the average at the season in this neigh bourhood; but from the yield at a greater distance, I take it alto- gether somewhat less than the average. Much the greatest part of the rise owing to illegal tricks in market; corn sold four times in one day, and ratsed gs, aload each time. Wheat ought not to be ry‘} sold by sample,‘The barley crop exceeded an average. ° c ; From the appearance of barns and stack-yards in East Norfolk, I “o am Of opinion there is more wheat in the farmers’ hands than is usualat this period of the year. Cornharvested six weeks later than usual Faw 4 “ee and a very considerable quantity of the crop of 1798 remained in hand after Michaelmas, Less wheat sown this year than common. Remedy—Divide and cultivate wastes and commonable lands. Stock in hand last harvest great. A great deal of kiln-dried barley shipping from Lynn to Scotland, for bread.‘There was not wheat in hand last harvest for one month’s use. All the granariesin Lynn will contain from 15 to 20,000 quarters. a Conntiese Persons. et Cy Norfolk. Allen, a eee grain delayed thres one-fourth. Ml —~~ ar ee ee early in harvest. On the whole, t en ere een Se Persons a —.= f Ae fi lO ae MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. ~~ —_ ough rley certainly not an average crop; not even in Norfolk, rthan in other counties. Approves of a premium for es second and third quantity of potatoes planted. In the N. W. part of the county. Ditto. Vheat produces 12 quarters per acre: barley and oats heavy crops c I| a. qt<‘) t< 3 tia y Cc ai“ay y|& VpPve e village shops glutted with eggs—three a penny. Seb of wheat in hand nearly as common; but just not toot third deficiency."The lateness of harvest, and the bad state of the ’ ' ‘ hing, so as to lessen the period of consumption y © 3" against encouraging an unlimited import at-a great expence. A tolerable stock of old wheat on hand in harvest; but I fear nearly exhausted, as well as what was carried in the fine weather t| ? A ie stock of wheat left on hand now is materially less than in eral at the time of year. Oats and barley nearly spoiled for human food, Premiums for potatoes may be Counties. z Gloucestershire, Devon. Hertford. Persons. Turner, Saunders, Pilkington, Doo. =~——_ eae ee=_—* ee Deficiency. One-half. One.third toone. half, Not one-fifth. A full one-fourth, but not quite one-third, | the public. On-_half, and in some places MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. beneficial. should be taken of the course of husbandry,&c.—Cultivate the If commons are broke up only for a time, great care Wastes, On the Cotteswold hills; and quality 100 percent. worse. In the vales the crop abundant, and quality good. Very little threshed yet onthe hills. Scarce oats enough left for seed; good barley the same; stained; much on hand, The common people and millers believe there 1s no scarcity. Bar. ley so black, not fit for bread. In a letter inserted in the Exeter Evening Post—Stock in hand in South Devon enough to last a month beyond harvest. As little, or less on hand at this time, than I ever remember in any former year.‘The remedy obvious; middling barley that will not malt, gradually kiln dried, produces a wholesome good flour in equal quantity with wheaten flour good bread.‘The labourers tolerably content, because they are convinced the high price is caused by the seasons, and not by an undue advantage taken, Buc kgs and Ox. ford, anr and. Westmore C OQLP7ZLLIES« eer ee ee OE a ee Hdwards a tine ee eee ee Persons. [In many parts r one-half, ir few one-t t-halfin quantity ithied 4 in qual Defictcncy. barley goo ae ops, but so damage MISCELLANEOUS C sah. c vA|, ¢@],-, usueries, and lower the price of — Oo pet 6 ro : —< ‘he bod _ —| ad e* =< Lo ~+ > closing commons expence of parliament Crop was not brought into con fore hope there may be enouch for| break commons for ne year. Otale bread ¢:‘iling with the pe to be put astop to. Premiums f tythe, good. A general inclosure much| D Oatmeal now 2l. 4s. the 120lb. Half the population of Barnard Ca the public, One-half, and in son D onsumpti r potatoes wr ter than stle, that a lage ts a 5 N Ei. sse Countiese Durham, Hun{$e x and Suffolk‘| Ruggles. Persons. Edwards. Collingwood. Barrington. Tomlinson, \ Two fifths Deficiency One-half tn quan. tity and one- third in quality. Two.thirds. Two-thirds, More thah one- third, ——_. Stock ot w heat ee OO ee Eee we ae Baace 84%4237"~~ i 10 eemcsae - ,olc As© ete! As much of che last crop remains cers MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. wheat consumed, and all the old stock in some parts of the county. Better to exempt potatoes from tythe than give a premium. Right to break up commons. Nothing done strikes at the root of the malady; corn-factors and monopolizers ought to be regulated. Corn goes from hand to hand with 2s. a boll advance by each. Cutting the eyes out of large po- tatoes, andlaying them in a dry place, is useful; I cut about twelve bushels so last year, two months before planting, which was the 2oth of May—crop as good as from whole potatoes, and large sets cut just before planting. Stock in hand about one-half consumption. Barley one-half crop, scarce any left but for seed; oats three-fourths of acrop, about one- third remaining. Potatoes one-half crop. The poor sensible the scarcity arises from the visitation of Providénce. Old wheat sold at Darlington at 11. 8s,a bushel; new 12s, to 155. From which small crop is to be dedufted a larger quantity of seed sown than common, from an apprehension that a great part Durham. Counties. Hunts, =o PTs Essex, [ 29] | | Essex and Suffolk.| Couwlicse Persons, Tomlinson, Walford, Thurlow, Ambrose, Rugeles. Per SOS» Ed wards. D efic i EN cy 8 More than one- third, One quarter, Two fifths. Deficiency. One- tity half in quay, and one wheat MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. would not vegetate: alsomuch lost in harvest. A larger proportion of wheat on hand than common at the season, Owing to its having been so wet as to be unfit for the miller; but it will prove very unproductive. Surely it would be right to stop not only the distil. lery, but alsothe maltings. I know the objeétions; but when fa. mine stares us 1n the face,&c. Wheat in hand about one-half the quantity grown; barley one- third; oats a considerable quantity. Poor feeding on barley flour, at ros. a bushel. Produce 18, average 24. Produce of 380 acres, 855 seed at 2+ bushels an acre 118; disposable 737; of which in hand Not more barley and oats on hand than All the cottagezs’ potatoes con. quarters$ 3303; consumed 407. enough for seed, and our horses. sumed, and none reserved for seed, owing to the high price of Zour. Ihave stored 80 bushels for myself andthem. The greater part of the poor are eating barley bread, but the stock will be soon exhausted. Stock of wheat in the growers’ hands about one-fourth. As much of the last crop remains unsold as in general at this ae CES: MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTAN ayts of the county. Consumed. and all the old aS SS ee eo ee Countiese Persons. Deficiency,| MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. =) Essex and Suffolk.} Ruggles.| Two-fifths. time of year; but subjeft to the deficiency. Of bark |.$25 Be: Ten c of Pe I: | greater proportion than iboeseat that crop about four-filths of }‘].. c\]: ¢ c. nh 3/3 | an average; oneée.tn) ird bri 120 ht and good, one-third stained, not 2 Pare lanes. afevrran lhe LK ANY ny h, syioh || the worse for human food: preferred by the poor to the bright, | sd Ae ; j ol. Pie"y-7- 4* fy“ee”} F).+?; on 4) es ot% ial co sary i. ||| from its not disa rreeing with tiem; and one hird much stained: of |- j: tr::' 2 ¥¢ exyy lt+o=)| |!| oats when the seed ts got in, there will not be one-fourth of an | VVRYaI Ce YLT lof‘ the TOINTKrVYV No anpreher Cy ens f t Ca maine|' i, ov etaee CYrOp iért 1n AL Ww wUUTIES) tC) LN ay b/~ AICTISLO is Ji famine, OUE —|. af Oy gine cfae ss rir. ere re sb ae eT nS ae | that commercial principles of speculating will augment an unpro. O|| :} 3-y s ve ai~ 4 1 b= y ate>‘> 17, ot& Lern~‘ cn-|| du‘ itive crop into a great calamity. Reg@late millers houses and "| j ae)(bee pane SHS Bile ane a?: 7 Neat nae oa i schools of industry— Darilame wavy specrion ana conti wy Sees arisii®? '- if 4 ry. 7 r.) ary T f‘+~ 7 ah oe r 5 C cee 5} i) Ven esmesus: ¥}} Q(silt iif}° i i Y} paris: ns p risi) v he, dd ¥) ry : i.°“ q. 5~,> ate f}- a r 7 od 4 NT ete ht RP 7 Beas i¢ One-thi uce of e preceding. year on han c . INO orth Dev On, 1 IN@FsiaKke,| One- nail,| But One-Ciii t the DI dQ wpe LOM thie DI ing ye On hand at i$3<9“ sae}= ee maven’ ihe pe 61 fh as ay z) PP iharvest. Quantity now in the country will be suftictent to last, i{ a Ay 15 yh) bay"<«q7O ff rr a Ci f( ga,} Se ae Ys— ¢ ray | with economy, till harvest.‘Inne Act of 13th Geo. IIL. detrimental: nn} Ta c1da eee el}, hya wn, tc(>!} ta toiza omnr: Ny| r ara nsiacer Ci) a5 Sid. D} in hal UO is enol eu tv cha OUuL° inQO V bia 4‘ ' t: eaten te ought to be bought but in market. | y» nd UX7.“0 1«a 2 BA? ais ri Oo. eet a ae key a n% or)| a Wy Se P a x at ae ihe: Berk hire;; Vv ¥ aALUCs, XL ine.fif 1){oO ONC. On 1h] LATIN, OGG; Cua ALA‘) On hand smalle than usual at Lillis Lime,{ “ V f wae‘“ at pr 4.~ ee\' ry_ it= ¢ at’. 4 i“ f+~ io>$e & Ski OV in tO ail iit tle£ AITMETIS hur ry in ye At tO market 5) and had NON ws ie el ~ a ye TIE pace oem eae ON~ oe mt ) tse t Berks 4 qe 7‘-—7, OUTrrey ry Hi) 6 by ll, OUITOIBK s — -- 6 -s Ko 4472 4 Se el,- d Sg fFolk. 1 ESO Se | Warde. Sn eee we ee Oe re OO 0 ee em ecg oe T nr ans res sSmakeér, 8 r all “TTD YY wkis 7> Le} SOS. lens _—- —wee -——_— _~-—.—+ ee ——= Bots a Sep —— + te em a ay Bee op f WM Cc 17; 9 P) 5 i ee! 7 7 TOTIS CIR CTTIAACTIARTARO 1\ ISCELLANEOL" CIRCUMS i j a”+ | even before harv MaAnaiiallnand(;, w Vv en OC ore lary est W as well ended, Cseneral sfat f[ it| eC)| TP paar, Cie) i‘al ee | erty Ly TL fF. rr. TF Ten.. Vic j I+: Oarps cmpt V O} W peat° IC W ric KS aKen in W|; ire 1? it?’‘' * 4 saw:~ MOU}): | try vwnaad L''} f lf|| ‘, f 4 SPO: 6 ie mS AKAN, Ti¢ | iV ACCC, With great rarmers, half the Gro R little Ones(AVA} 4 | i M‘’>~“[ 4 | none a long time Jeans, Oats, and barley. but little deg & Lallit. AIVALIO, ALI—e Ail ALie yy WU LF tere qencient In quantity. @ His- 7°°+* 7%‘ 4 yr 19 o io om,|~“ys fae“Ss.]= j ASU Own Crop, I 4. Carriages, in 17905 proa bY O LO; GSe a fs; “> 7 Py-_+| Tv| I4 Qicttc I OP» loads 1 bushelg j y,~* WU 5 /uViiviw my nuch in: hand-n N71: iN Of SO much in lang now as at Wlidsum ner wre ned pie AA o® we Ww* wi dd r@ |= ' 1]= m= li! ‘ r Y ra r Ey ro| fe‘ 7‘. 1.‘| sabourers live on wheat and rye at 2s. the st ne, sold by the 1 ve ee) 1® We by T 7. risnes i a) UG FT Wwihnes f] ir re c na\: 1,§ ee 1] iw U6é icé O; Vi neat LOU 5 J@ a Ssfone,‘ORs A ii) Li idl, QO; dil SOrts Overseer }. i J a«}. a"4«} use of the poor; or the cottagers al ° q x~ e cin ¢s a’\- a TY er~~‘. Oy | sick,&c,—5Stock now on hand of wu |° 4 4] 1 } lay y EA‘ya ler alah ale ronitw sr> | laid together, considerably more th ‘ WITSCELTLANEOTUYO. Cc time of ax but subjeQ to parishes allow 6d. per head per week Sm tla Aneel g Vaal pas isih i> 3@ a 9 y~ 7* 2* cr ey; 1 f.* al.. lor every individual; and 1s, if p ee re> ww ] zt ¢, Z 2 7 ee me| 4. neat, Owing to farms Deine much ; Hf ae.= act; an half the last crop: and thinks ;\ /T‘ i A IN< i> ree Us = Ve Bh Darl» th« cde fi«, Lacati t FT Ouyr t) a RF Counties. Suffolk, York(W. R,) Persons. Rodwell, Lodge. Dr. Maclean, Radcliffe. Payne, -~ }™~"<@AQIACAGm SOw~uwn SEALS TO- De ficiency. Near one-half. MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. wheat will fall in May 30s.(or 40s.) a quarter. Great advantage would result from parish committees, under the magistrates, allott. ing portions of commons and wastes to poor families; not to return to common, but made parochial property, paying quit-rents to the Lord—a great spur to industry, and attachment to the constitution. I get 360 to 525 bushels per acre of potatoes, and good barley after them; common price 3s. asack; now gs. Recommends plant. ing potatoes apparently rotten, as they will vegetate; and using maize mixed with other meals. That bread is nutritious, in proportion as the flour of which it was made has been divested of the bran and coarse pollard, admits of abundant proof: bran and coarse pollard will not keep even pigs in tolerable condition. Oat-bread the general consumption; potatoes not to be had. Wheat so bad, that it is given topigs and poultry, not used otherwise. Stock in hand may be enough for the country villages till harvest, but nothing further; but the towns must be fed by import.— [334 Counties. York(W.R.) York(Hull) E.R. Couwnlics. Suffolk. Persons. Payne, Payne. Levett. Persotste R Odwell. Deficiency c Near one-half, More than one- third, One-half. } TCR aren deuN Uribe Be fee Set) fy oy(ae fr Oecourage; they impoverish greatly. Calls aloud for ure bill; All but wheat pits advancing, and by the time the seed is in ] 4 vill al aor: Yiyac= e| la 1. a. f|, 7| 1, t the prounc 9 VW hat W Li remain 1S questionable,| Lie Stc\&Y C} A biwVas& on hand would soon be exhausted, if consumed in the ordinary way. Of oats, not a third of the usual quantity remains, if reckoned in meal, In barley, some resource, but on thre sshing, falls short of the lowest estimate; is not much more than halfa crop. A most ‘ Gaara if} RU LG3 improvident useless waste in planting potatoes: I have have as good crops as my neighbours bushels of eyes quite sufficient proved this man Average stock of wheat on hand at this season 10 to 15,000 quar ters; now just 3000: Hull consumes soo quarters a week. From 8 tO 10,000 guarters of oats on hand; but only 4000 of them fit for human food. About 1000 quarters‘at barley in the hands of the maltsters; norye. About half the crop in hands of the farmers in Holdernesse unthreshed,‘The consumption of flour so little reduced “ANCES. MtSsCeErt-A NEOUS CT RCUMS! A Treat«4«uy _e fe ory= Sf iamtivce _ ’ C OUTLIES» “< Dorset, aaa <= Cr) a| | | York(Hall) E.R.! Levett. | Frost Bridge° 1 1x73 W a > a| ee PP on~ atm oo CR ARM awe.- Se TT— eee ee oe we ee ee wns eet st De ficie CHC 6 One-half, Near two-fifths One. third, A> aAA™— ALTIUM DF i keer Siete” Somer ea eet tte, mae SFA BACT EASA it as all flour ftoa baker: the baker a, Oe en dcm ari d ed more,=a s he mever — fe me te 8 ee ee 2 ewe ert et ee entiple, The cr 798; and of that one-ha as to be impe one-half that of 17 cientinquality.; for average, whe but that of 1799 only 18 stone. Wheat in a in hand not more than half - good year yields 264 stone Al Stock ts rather under. ley an av erage Crop$ Oop of wheat bby OU ] do much good; bad to box commons—they serable state. Callsfor a general inclosure The information the Committee of 70 ye \ awd as ceived, near the truth as possib! W heat now tn hand insufficient to last till h to former eran, But a small ere human food. Many gentlemen, q>. day, and begin to mix barley. Ear ,‘ re~ f Tt ss o out land to poor labourers for potatoes, yields 26 s : S& what is usual at MSTANC CIRCU)? U LViod ANC] moO fe of 1799 not more nearly one-third ) Pape ae«] 3 This veat ZO=e . Se| a late ¢ Vi ould DE rGrt in-a of » Ought i &c. Ae bread at one meal e wry aes 16a} tiwea ¥& VV nF Ww OUSS Of WOmmons tone of flour the quar. 4 | ry AN ae 1 A bounty on potatoes would deficiency one-third. °*, est, if used accor: saanty‘+ J, a) i Cy and oats fi of Dorchester,&c.&c. seti f ry t sUL - v Counticse Persons, Cornwall, Rashleigh, Giddy. fase % Gurney. wy cn Leesail Pembrokeshire,| Grant. Hants, Barnard, Counties. Persons. /{ Ork(Hull) E.R./ Levett, Or De 1C1eHCV Qe—-mr MISCELLANEOUS c tcilble."I he Crop oft‘is yf ae©= OC) > CO be imperce Of wheat at pre sent two-fifths short of the common stock.‘The best relief for us, 9000 quarters of barley arrived from Norfolk, or much distressed for Stock in hand of wheat apparently as great as ever knownat the season, but allow ance to be made for bad yielding.'To save potatoe eyes, Of great con. but a price must be fixed for them, to induce it in towns. Wheat not much less produ@tive than in common vears; but much injured by wet. Barley not half the A mealman mixed ten sacks of flour with one of pea-meal, and sold the baker demanded more, as he never i eee one oe rz a Nl Counties. Hants. SusseXe ' Gloucestershire. Leicester, Derby, Stafford, War- wick, around Measham. — a———o Persons. Barnard. Earl of Egremont. Swayne. ————— anna W ilkes. ee co Te ————E half. Pease three-rourtns. WlOCcIEAOL L445: exceed a half. Deficiency. One.-thiid. One fourth, es— MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. had flour that rose so well, and made so good a sponge, and light a bread. The wheat, barley and oats, might all be threshed out by May-Day. Most important experiments on flour and bread, tending in every stage to shew the superiority of coarse to fine flour.(See Appendix.) Taking wheat, oats and barley together, the deficiency is not more than one-seventh. The poor are eating barley bread; the best sells at 103. 6d. a bushel."The stock of wheat left in hand, to appearance considera- bly larger than at this time of the year in the last scarcity; but sub- jeGt to the deficiency of the year: what is threshed was so, and the ‘rest will be more so. Of oats, there are scarce any fit for human . antes food. Plenty of bad barley. Nota Against premiums, oF attending te the | Potatoes exceedingly scarce. pound of rice at Bristol. eyes. Against breaking up commons in the way proposed. Stock in hand last harvest about an average quantity; reduced consumption, the late harvest, and import, will nearly cover the | deficiency, Counties. Persons. Deficiency. Northumberland. Foll one-half, perhaps more, EP jal I Sse one-half. Count 10S Defic len Cpe One.- third. Pe» SOS Hants. Barnard. MISCELLANEOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. It is agreed that 4olb. of good oats will make 2o0]b. of oatmeal: all used here in hasty pudding. The wheat crop here full half deficient, quantity and quality considered, Barley and oats not more than one-third defeétive, and quality tolerable in dry distriéts: but towards the moors lamentable. Beans and pease failed totally in all the northern counties: our people all eat bread of pease and barley; the pease from Norfolk. The poor are supplied at reduced prices. . At the end of last harvest very little grain of any kind was left in ? NY the growers’ hand; but the corn merchants,&c, might have wheat 3 << 4- b|. tO the amount of two months consumption, with the little the growers had; oats and barley, next to none. From the present ap- pearance of stack-yards, I fear we shall fall a good deal short. Against premiums for potatoes; and breaking commons temporarily. Spring-sown wheat best both in quantity and quality: barley not very defective in quantity, but very bad in quality. Oats full one- third deficient, taking the county through. Potatoes half, Beans half. Pease three-fourths. Stock of wheat left in hand will not exceed a half. TT? CIRCITIMSTANCES: MISCELLANEOUS CIRC JIMST At- od a sponge, and liighta goo had flour that rose so well, and made sO ait be thresheda out by Sara ight bread. The wheat, barley and oats, mig ee: denen cr D —_--— a RE Essex— Kent— Norfolk— 5 iffolk— Sussex— Surrey— Berks— Hants— Bedford— Cambridge— Hertford— Hunts— Average of this .. 2 corn district Lincoln_— Gloucester—- Devon— Salop a Bucks— Oxford— Lancaster— Westmoreland— Durham— York W. i.—— York E. Re—- Dorset—— Derby= Northumberland General A TP cy Zwiivwh ia AVETUGC <> great| ———- i 1-4th in 6 1-half in 20 6— 20 6 22308=<<2 5— 20 5— 20 fe)— 20 4——- 20 6:2 3ds= ZG 6 22208== ZO fs 1-half— 20 s i-hake—- 29 7—— 20 20 Q91.half— 20 8— 20 7— 20 6 234s: 2_Z0 6 22308“==, 2O 6 2-303 4-5. 20 7——%O 7— 20 12— 20 3)— 20 10— 20 7——a 20 5— 20 10— 20 y 1u20 m 20 pet oo———— i| U , a L 39] Examining the deficiency in another light, let us compare the degree of 1t with the space of the counties in which it 1s found; and here we will call the corn district 12,000,000 of acres—the deficiency 6 1-4th. In Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmore- 7 land, Lancaster, Durham, and York, there are | in the same account, 8,450,000 acres—the defi- ciency 9. Remains for the rest of the kingdom(to make up Houghton’s total of 40 millions), 19,550,000 of acres—the deficiency of the rest, not included in the other two divisions, is 7 1-6th. These deficiencies we will call bushels per acre; not that they are so, but the supposition will give us the proportion in one sum, for the whole king- dom thus divided: 12,000,000 at 6 1-4th a 753000,0C0 8,450,000 at g— 76,050,000 19,550,000 at 7 1-6th a 140,108,333 40,000,000 291,158,333 / ae‘(*— is General average deficiency“i Relative to the stock in hand at present, the ynformation 1s various: Lincoln. As much in straw as common; but subjeét to the deficiency in yielding. Stafford, Sufficient to last, Kent. something less than half the common stock. Oxford. Not quite equal to the quantity usual at the season, J eras| TY‘ ony‘=.+ Norfolk. Accounts contradictory, Gioucester. Hertford. Salop. Bucks. Durham. Hunts. Essex. Devon. Berks. Suffolk. Surrey. York. Dorset. Cornwall. Hants. Northumberland. [ 40] Materially less than common. Very little threshed on the hills. Less than ever. Sufficient till next harvest. Hope there may be enough till end of July. From one-half to two-thirds consumed. Larger quantity than common, but will prove unproductive. As much as common; but very deficient. Not half left. Enough to last. Smaller than usual. Less than usual. More than half. Not so much as the year before. Less than half. Enough for villages. Half. Not more than half what 1s usual. Two.-fifths short of the common stock. Great as ever known, but subject to the deficiency. All corn might be threshed by May-day. We shail fall short a good deal. Will not exceed half. In six counties, the return favourable, In ten, unfavourable. In five, doubtful. There are seven counties, of what I call the great corn district of the kingdom, and the ac- count favourable only in one. When p articulars have been procured from so large a range of country, there appears to me no probable cau se of doubt, much less any reason for {( ) a| [ 41| for neglecting such information in favour of a few local exceptions, which must. necessarily ex- ist, whatever the general result. I have all the original letters, which may be consulted by any gentleman who wishes to ex- mine them.‘Those of the correspondents fren whom most of the information was derived which the first table 1s formed, have been alreay printed in the Annals of Agriculture. I have very little reason to doubt the accuray is as great as can reasonably be expected in suh objects; nor have I any doubt of the truth inc vidually of the accounts, very different from the which have been brought forward by other ge- tlemen.—I dare say they are all equally tru The only doubt that can rationally be entertaine, is upon the propriety of extending such cases) the whole kingdom: this can be done only. wit propriety, when the particulars are so numero; that the error on one side may probably be cc rected by counter errors on the other; and in th respect, these inquiries have béen so extensivy and the number of counties reported so large, th I have no great apprehension of any material err affecting the general average. This, instead of lessening the decree of t deficiency, rather increases it; and the only pla conclusion to be drawn is, that it amounts? more thana third. [t the accounts| have received in conversati« Ala tee aah Coy BS)(8: C ve. Z relative to Scotland, be corre&, the deficier [ 42] amounts to half there. The preceding minute is nine in twenty. Wheat which thrives well in the Greek islands, where the heat, as[ourNEForrT observes, per- feitly calcines the earth; and which in Spain, wiefe tain has been Known to cease for twenty- tvo months together, produces some of the fuest grain in the world, will not bear a wet sason in England. No year was ever here too dy for this plant, nor did ever a wet one produce aood crop. Canany one then be surprized at a vty short produce in such a year as 1799? As faas the season was concerned, the deficiency of oe-third does not seem proportioned to the in- subrity of the weather. [In order to bring the deficiency to a given mmber of quarters, two considerations occur: tt number of people that consume barley and os; and the quantity of wheat eaten per head. CONSUMPTION OF WHEAT. The very careful and accurate Mr. Smirug, ahor of the Zhree Traéts.on the Corn Trade, polished forty years ago, estimated the con- sners in England, Of wheat and rye— 4,638,000 Of barley and oats a 1,362,000 6,000,000 - n this period the consumption of wheat, on Caparison with that of oats,&c, must have in- creased. | 43| mic, reased greatly; however, to avoid al] exageera- tion, tet: us suppose that two millions are sup- ported in a common year by lent corn: there then remain 8,000,000 to feed on wheat The same gentleman, from a great oe of authorities, carefully collected and compared, tound that the consumption of wheat was eight bushels per head per annum; and that of oats wenty-three. To corroborate the estimate of eight bushels of wheat, 1 may observe that the magistrates in suffolk with whom I have the honour of acting, upon occasion of the scarcity in 1795 and 6, made numerous and most careful 1} through torty-two parishes of our division, in order to ascertain the general consumption; and we found it half a stone of flour per ee per week, or a pound a day, or aglb. in n weeks: call this a bushel of wheat, and it is 7 t-half bushels a year; but as an average bushel of wheat does not produce 4glb. of flour, it is sufficiently near eight bushels per annum. = nt H.. Ley’ fy Wa md|e“f\+r+ ya 1. A a an Eight millions of people consume therefore as t.‘“t+ AN tO x: G Z EES~~ 2=— hes> de many quarters™; irom which quantity the de- ductions to be made are the import that has taken *| have no motive for adopting the proportion of 8,000,000 as the number of wheat eaters, but that of wishing to avoid exaggeration; for I do not believe that there are two millions who live on barley or oats. I should think one million much nearer the truth, in common times. ee Va lace, being 000 quarters, a homed feel ae of the pipidictine Crop. i in UXT ey A la ar lA.| 1oh| T alculat|} KNOW Ube tas ArELCLe- 2S, 0 lity alCulated Dy > p_ ee a ae rt> o> 4|= é+7 2 AS th be ry Some ingenious Bees, WhO dali Wilh? LO C { living for some months pretty ee, on i old stock. Two eircum- stances are to be taken into consideration— W he- her such persons ie not reside in districts where they do, their local conclusions are wid OD P‘i. te é USD fi on LV Tes AA‘ pie ee Bey ieee al that England is in general divic ed into small, or very moderate farms, in the hands of men who } y are known to be no hoarders, and who thresh long before July and August; consequently mil- | ers, mealmen, and merchants, had it i a in thei ~+] T v As i oa a~1>>e7 LAT= TT ATT mon 1° power to buy up large stocks, except in very par- i{©? L J i taciilar eitiatinns| l Ter the asa nile alet st the ti-Ulal SituallOlls, LOW Vel PEE COUMPple2 LO] U i >*> 7 7* oe Ta MIC NT@ W aa ty bY@ Tine o. 1; An >) OTe es ORS tS aes BG| LAGWeEES eS ee} tO do LE, se he\ LiWals = ae?| Srey APA“il Pee ee *n the South saved early, w ould thresh, and were actually bro ught to“market,“as: ie ery NE-= WEIL 1: ieee 1 stat‘ge 7 Glee) Cea: Wee ENOWS 11 Ene Last Of oNSIana“<. J Ss ake°. ee= ERE a, be ¥T_ ae * The same in Berkshire—-See Mr. Warpe’s intel igence ~ Y’- a Fa Cc* oy ry© vr“ty‘me lila Here let me note, that I am informed by a very respectabie ],. Ten YF: t y& 1}, 3 Ss= AY 7 ae' om 1, vs merchant at Lynn, in Norfolk, the river Or W hich is the em- ... 71 s merry m me) eo an ¢ i a”,’ Fo ae a ie a ee tl-* sek yer nNouc 1G 3 a} elie% en COUNLICS, ane Cal r\ ine on at cilia fifHeS ay *‘ :,, 13'° t"74!+ 3 mC Mm>' 2 ee o> i=')‘>*> rq. 457.‘7?->. immense corn trade, tiat aii the pranarics tnere WV il] Not Oia t... 7? 7%>>»~~ a s~- a ee: wer ry Rome| ie rFOry| LO Z Tare) guar ers ES V ere are trey{tO Ve * Ae. 3 Po maa> 4~ 7?} oe“ rs cr.- rah“a FOUNG iO] juse Ole Bbundarea clLines as mvt e ee oy rhe =* 3b i —- —— SN ae Ciuisva resi L 7 c Ne are IWS / Lit lly to ke 7; K 1 Zi * one tc om f * we 2 IS~ 4 cy ra oe C+ 4 lOr YTCal Stor > . (J —. », p SS ee 1eCA 1CS¢E rr 7 4 p| s ’ - ~ lean eas Coun 7 sa i ory ry), c K/ f/ Sf ] aE, E i AKA 7 L JS ~ rT . lav ] i CGI} ¢ \ s i ep|B Gaditicon Ina Mt] ’ i) % sw I em 4 i a eras : Y iil \ \ at by ->/ ~ — —-4 ey Pane —_ P. c 4 dunn ert= az A ) ~~ eo |? | a 4 rot ‘pote. 3 ct . 3 <_~, rv=- r~ 7-—~ r ; wa~~ —= ’ Md s) A a> oe 8 . ies)— ere ra J é== A/ ; i, —<__— —_—-omd ~~ 4 : sat a) [ 46| There is something so grossly absurd in such an idea, that it has been with utter amazement I have heard and read it. It extends further still, for with an average consumption in hand, the people have been put to short allowance for four months at the end of February, by the high price which has prevailed during all that period. Con- sider what this saving amounts to—if, as| calcu- late, that reduction is from eight bushels to seven per annum, it— 393.333 quarters: we have imported 220,000; consequently, with a crop and stock at setting out equal to twelve months supply, we have in addition 550,000 quarters on the 1st of March, and yet wheat 1s above sl. quarter!!! And this supposition, which has the invention of poetry, is believed by thousands who mieht reasonably be contented with prose. us! Another circumstance brought in aid of the same erroneous reasoning, is that of threshing: it is contended that the farmers are but just be- sinning to thresh wheat, winen it is well known spring and summer work. No arguments are so apt to deceive as those which have some truth. >- Nt tn ar»=>7*: Q e fo support them: tlrere is a certain, degree of ’. 4. fe aoe ne aes; truth in this assertion, for that many great far- fn 4,!, SOT,| ee ard us op mo} Yel on v mers do keep their wheat stacks till summer, 1s de H} x 7 well known; but who in general are they:— Those who live in the vicinity of great cities, el s there is a regular demand for straw in sum- T 4 we A nay oe VHETE enough i U ~ 213 ace 1toryr e oN| NOC 1 ts Sad mer as we lI an in WIth 0) those who are rich “aed to s spe eculate in price. Will it bear exa- mination with others who, wanting such a market, or sen ability, give it to cattle? which every T* one knows to be the case with numbers in ereat corn countries, not in the neighbourhood of such arkets. Let those who use such arguments go ye D na-— RK]| er] ANS AYN CQaa x to Norfolk or Northumberland, and see what is | a nee or.> Witt eT 7; Ca>> ano TO done with straw in those counties, and yet not 1a== a nt ate ry* Te| t NTZK7TMC(Se ti mam Tyo, dr T [GriGieh eee 3 8| erTeat OW IS. ent Cinen, to laW pean: SNe yee|S Dad r= Bio Z eas from London, Bath, and Bristol, or a district of very great farms in such vicinities, and cD a3 ~~ —ItTMnMaAcea+! that ther>] A 1c+ suppose that what there takes place 1s to be men- =| 2 i e,~ ll. 2 Tr}+“any j aa tioned as generally prevalent, must surely deceive PHAEHISEIVES, 1 Destaet iss) that through a yj CTY =~ = neiderahle yortion eas OTIS] EO TAC i eee ep CORSIECI AawUiv ae a\VJid Ci Kidiw k Li pe den WV heat ls mw almost uniforml ly | depth of winter, on account of cattle at that sea- 1 Ws 1: re| y| o~ o~,~ yy-+ ve‘~*‘‘ 7 A t y-‘ a an te“ys Son COine HE Cte ih On che Straw than rhey W ould 1 ae enrine» add CO thric the é YC)\1 C1O Bid> slated oo° Aviv a ALilSs LiiwW Ch OTiInN¢ JUS price j 1c hy Oe a= om a, t ri Ci 2°£2 a> f> f 7 ot a>' R<* has Cvery Wiiere Vyiciaicc throughout this ‘ D> amr L> o> 7 a= 5 winter; a price not to be expected in summer, when so many horses go out to grass(certainly > 6 1 y~-~ 7 fy mt je} Wm wn0deHNn threshing Ive pte nium UpPOT EMECSNINS. 4>, rr yt1i0ON are 2,000,000 quarters; such an enormous quantity to be on ; stock which must ~* f ow atin CD hand in Narvest, oeyone 2 7 Bs RS|‘ cy cy+' cy ¢[Ana r 4 Ys e od 4.“ CY Cl DC ih nand AL that oh ore! ON for tne LEE routine of _ i = of the supply, would occasion the commodity regorge in the markets, and to depress the price to an incalculable degree; ae Orthdts tlie price was constantly rising through autumn, rity of the farmers, a very great majority being little ones, were hurrying their corn to market after the beautiful season through 1 which the harvest opened. He who travels as much as I have done, and still do, knows perfeCtly well, that for one district where old ais stacks abound in har- vest, there are ten where you will look in vain for more than a few solitary ones in the hands of here and there a great farmer. And ast speculations of millers and mealmen, consider the amount of the inducement, ce is always we CL -—™« anit] ow. ET ey" ee am ra a~, 7~ ry Tr 75 nore£< MArKCO DY CMe Dice 5 whi al, upon tne average oft z Sy 7 1 ¥, ree TRS}: OIAN0) rrqaq Xo+. OY S>| Ine« fino land, WaS 0S. a VYINCNCSTCL DU: shel 10 lune= ‘ a a T CINS»' Taya Ind(ed Tc“7 A a 1} sSt——/> 1= sedated cap: fil 5, as) 5 al Qos. L Lie bid LAUD N/ Ci loa i nm he on“4 ao ¢: 4©;.& rr~*} se prices for general speculation? Some might e peculate in aden ssi, but es ae amount is so enormous upon Which any argument X - Py Poe Ss or[ae eo T a ee ld can be, built? It 1s not every man that wouic Tf2fR rT re wa’ CHNHeCT EG,-,> 1, 7 i;%—~CY+” L; ee C ventu!\/ i\/J a> bX GU lq ni aa hl Ly KCEDIN Oj UV IND, +}' Cc—“~~"4£™ Ly 1 GS fs rr f>£> FF> j~ 37s". 7°¥ 7 OO: i~ Ta CF L.] T> at SUCH ae ICs. WIL) Pe Ww VUL GiO, unquestionably 3 se> 7s poe pe SEs P ae B! cy Sees but what 1s the amount? Let us examine this in nathe Sn eee Pas eae- Ais naAer One abe y CW. 7 7 Tt bad Fi~~| ane» rks 4 ir€>“~Tt,T M0 7 a+*\ af~ Ay=‘ puOOKIND DACK i' zen past YCars, in SD LIS LI { J.}~ ¥) 2 gy=+e} 1/ wr- 4 4. c°,= of the crops of those years, to what are we to “Sf AA\ ~~ , 4 ‘ Mit|' '. T) Av ¥! As y}-| | rhe AA\* P, Aa TR, c 1\T) we MOld did, Cry orea : mM WML X ’ f Om ~ RAiN] ]’ - is ,¥ | yi ~ il i]> 1] / ‘ COne ¥ ws hd. 4. ] Sa , Wi) ry Tra ry > vc' , . a * ithilt > Coad> r , 4A [. Livia - > ; i. . = iN Y wi’ . ss 1/T I . pet ~~ Lis . biisvs , j y ’ 5 -| ~-* ay '\ n wy ee » we LY VV [ 49] .- o~~~ yy_ b: 7~~ 64 R.~ 7 7=-;"~.- Average price of corn for the year following the —~“ A : } ré 7 k nolan bs ond On $» d. Se d. zo ~. ra - ~J Vo" CO n Oo November a5 ~-5 Ob 36 5 HN nN © December— bone aan earn 5 January-— b= 2-— 6 February— 6.2-—— 6 March a Gi— 6 April—- 6 8— 6 May--- 7a— 6 +, june—- f Pee A a FN PO RU J ui! y— 8 4.—% August— O..-3— 8 ee c i‘nae ao September— oa—-~ 8 9 Average:- mY--— 6 14 coe.~——.-«~_-————. Per quarter- ft FO 3S— oc 4 Ly i | RE GA fo ERT Set Pd eerie 8 be Se a] Flere 1s 4a Fable’ which snews now just these 1ONS*-OL Cnresnine ATC, and ought, with every itican, to sweep away such ideas < s. tor ever, and leave a conviction upon the min Yat thr ach ir TY ee OOoOVerne| Ly+7 r C sel aie ee LLAL L Coii uy LO= V.CLAEE Uy no sucHn fla Nit llOe XA‘het lid thres|]; CS. Cr~t IRV@ 1~hic Tear WV ULC Tir Ging i ie INS FO Ol most in this VGar.f 4 ,‘yr a+| ry, Vi 4 a= vk/ 4& 3 Syl. roaoces age() BQ Cay OCHtLE! A 1} J [5°| want to be told that the farms of England are upon the whole small? or do they suppose that the size of them in Wiltshire and Dorset 1s a re- presentation of the whole? or can they want to be ened that little farmers carry their corn early to market? But I desire to make another use of this table, i: OD | oe oT OD and I conceive it a very material one to r ad ee ne a ¢r aAUIA a‘ha completely, were there no other evidence, the idea of two millions of quarters’ remaining on hand last harvest, or any thing like it. The average of the year 1s just 10s. a quarter higher than the average price of twelve years. There were no committees, no alarm, to do Banas it formed itself quietly between demand and supply; and let me ask these gentlemen, if ie such a price, it is conceivable that a great stock in hand should remain fr Let it be remembered, that the wheat in the South was in general well got in, by all who made use of the three fine weeks which came at that season: in this point, a great variety of infor- mation agrees, and every person’s recollection must be fresh. The influence of this season ex- tended even into Shropshire, as appears by the let- ter of Mr. Herries. This circumstance, with the stock in hand of old wheat, whether it amounted to a month or to six weeks consumption, and the import of 220,000 quarters, is fully sufh- cient to account for what we were eating through the ~ ’. _‘on ~"Waa q‘a ~“we — 7 r or ¥ As lel . ~= - i 2 :‘ say} > "%“ rt a ¥ ead takia~ tuUL“4 its _ a > ws ~“1 rn ~ j; i ~- ’ Tr« MWVli Ww aa 4 hea ALI >> av ~ at iv ‘. ~~ * sa! r ? A'« ws 2 pr. \ iw’ t> if ry ef A . ”* - ~~ —** a| Le" Aq YE as ry ! , - 4 7\- \ > 4 L; ae fat*«¢ ot= 7?- 7 J 7 P| j C wintet 3 al qd for the sood Dread remarkec af i.ondon, a place sure to be supp! ever 1s to be found inthe kingdom. Under suc J evident circumstances, to suppose that we have been living for four or five months on old stock ce jl+ 7 4X Ne i>} f a in hand, may be a pleasant comfortab ~ lation for those who are willin= to be deceived; PRE eal geo een et* but pi ice 1S a fact worth an hundred 5 peculations*. a~~ se Rie pe~scy iy~+r Another point, is the ee necessary for these TICT QT WD>@~ i>‘rf}‘}°+“rico vast supposed stocks in hand: the price in Au- Cy]~ She,' tv ¢ iN CO‘ lo ial<' a>. i gust was above gs. a bushel, or 3]. 12s.: two a t~ vy 4}«@ f~"COuat b art pew‘>]: millions at that price come to 7,200,000].: mil- < believes tliat thera ar auc. such capiale on" i 1e Ves.E£! Ncte alG any SUEA Capitals to pe / i 4: found localls scattered« foc wesc 2 Lam LrOUNG OCaLy SCAGLELEG 9£01.iD-IMucn th 5 OTe€ater —_/ xX& als na r Te oe Cr©* 7 2 B,|== SO COMpieX aA Stil ject aS COrn, ana the causes which ia 2 a STS AH RS naw,. T muenNnCe 1iS price> acgmit OT SO mM cAnY CXCEDLIO Ns[oO CVETY ruisc |‘ Ache. fs 4 ri one|' 4. ss?' ¢' j y On ror threshing wheat—true to acertain CEgree; false when aD! leer‘s t lyn“i S Ie‘ a:,= 7.- applied CO the year’s consumption: and here is another in- stance, speculative hoarding, or rather reserves of corn, are OD C 1 eat OR aa:. a! is 2, ya proportioned to cheapne ihis is a general truth, but it is ») © = pt 6 or tae~om“ 2 x 1: there are men who wil] speculate mast wh is dearest; a condu& governed by several causes. All I con- tend is, that such exceptions, though Rety e in fact, are erroneous in argument, applied to the whole es m: and that such speculations can, so late as August, have but a smalf sphere to act in; the quantity of corn in the whole kingdom 5 y and every part of it xece sarily possessin d f-~ he. oe wi te ee& 4 | ay,;; ae RN nl, 7 share of that smal]! portion, [ 52| part of the kingdom, it 1s known that such spe- culations were not, nor could be made. Whatever 1s urged, which tends to throw the scarcity and price upon any other cause than the seasons operating upon a cultivation on the one hand not sufhciently encouraged, and on the other, upon a population rapidly increasing, must have the mischievous effect of giving a wrong di- What is it that we do not hear of monopolizing, jobbing, and rection to the public attention. sample selling? Consider that these practices have not sprung up with the evil; but uw they have existence at all, have existed for these thirty years: they were complained of in 1772,&c. as much as they can be at present. But I wish to know what they were doing from 1796 to 1799.‘The price of wheat 1n 1797 was 6s. 7d.: in 1798 It f was 6s. 27d.; and for the four first months of 1799 the same. If these evil practices have such power, why was it not exerted in that period? The inclination and the capital existed; yet no- thing of the sort happened; but let the seasons affect the crop, and every one knows the quan- tity will lessen; then prices rise; and while the plainest of principles, that of price, being com- bined of quantity and demand, are operating, the evil is felt; and people who know little, observe superficially, and think lightly, will attribute it to some cause connected with popular clamour, and rail at a war, a miller, or a jobber—attending to any [a { 53 | ee any thing rather than th| cause. They wil dwell on evils that regulation can remedy, and lis nostrum. tell us, that Iker has| ience of centuries d SP Than+| ~ MMA The PRE expen may t the price of corn will- not rise in exaCt propor then every t: 1, tion to the deficiency; indeed it is impossible it | should; because it is some time before the ratio Sil. of a deficiency is known; and every man able to Keep his corn, will speculate on the probable rise: hey do, for many YMevill TrRA» at| It that it is upon the whole fortunat minds take many seasons for selling, and thus all are supplied. I believe in general, that as much ained by these speculations; in othe1 , is lost as gain y words, that they are as much for the benefit of he consumer as of the farmer or the miller. corn in autumn and winter js The | But suppose | cheaper than it ought to be, from little and poor farmers carrying too much to market, the con- sumption of the people will be in some measure proportioned to the price, and they will be eating Now I ask, whether ) that more than the crop allows. it isnot in such a case much to be desired jobbers, or millers, or monopolizers, should take In gre ks: : 3 advantage of the price,‘and lay in great stocks? is the effect? They take from the r, and they bring zo ) i For what ering arket when there is eae me the market when there is scar city; thereby equa- lizing both price a nsumption, ¢ lam" As to selling by sample, there could be no ee reeulation that would not do mischief: a farmer Go lives 34 3 lives within a mile ofa mill, and ten from market if he is forced to carry his wheat ten miles, and the miller to take it ten back again to his eee the ees oH all ake phe tieut mill, is this an operation that wu! make the nour cheap? Allow exceptions, and your law would be like so many others, nugatory. I am anxious to do away these errors, because In the first place, they tend to blow up the people into sedition and riot, for which object nothing can be so well calculated as to impress ~ any idea of the price oe fs enormous without > scarcity; and next, they must, if often repeated, + ave another. tendency searcely less pernicious, (— that of influencing the minds of legislators and ministers, to cons by what policy causes of the evil may be removed, that have little or no existence. It is turning that attention to jobbers, and monopolizers, and speculators, that should be given to wastes and production—-to ameliorat- ine the condition of the labouring poor by means LAND; and to embracing a wiser system in — <© aaa rarious practical points, far enough removed from jobbing, and hoarding, and sample-selling. RB he people. as so manv persons hav D L CO tell EAC} CU t\Y9 as SO italy pe rsons nave j—)|:-- m|* fi;-: rl- o~ 1 Po done, bothin and out of parliament, on the au- deficiency was only a fourth, and next that the stock in hand more than Ae sie it, nay, almost twice over covered it; to give a long detail(con: t- -_‘& a4 reo AAW 6 ‘Ors and auses CO f “ TY) 7‘4 i\ a Wise Lae nected with such assertions) of stacks here and stacks there; to speak in the same breath of the immense profits made by men of a certain de- scription, who had been great purchasers— What was allthis,“but directly to” tell«the people, © you are decetved and cheated by monopolists and millers 3 you are paying an unjust price; a price not the result of seasons, or deficiency, but of keeping back that corn which ought now to be in vb market.’— Language could scarcely devise a surer means of inflaming the people to madness, and pointing their enmity to a set of men against whom they are ready enough of themselves to harbour an ill- will: is it conceivable that the very men who have been forward in such representations, are those who accuse my evidence to the Committee, as tending direCtly to kindle a general mutiny!— Mark the difference of our language—miune has been, the deficiency 1s great and real; the stock in hand small; a very high price the necessary conse- quence— the evil is from God. Patience and sub- mission the only conclusion.—What has their’s —> No; the deficiency was small; the stock in hand great: there 1s plenty of corn, out they will not lel you have it. Who could have wondered, when ep) Sr »-—~-- eo a e"' O5 (AP C he lancuage, had the enraged populace — to violence? But(no thanks to these persons) the people were wiser; they knew what the had been; they knew the shortness of the yp; they knew that a high price was the necessary COl)- [ 56] consequence; and trusting to the wisdom of par- siament, and the benevolence universally expand- ing through the country, remained quiet and un- oifendine. Such is the estimate which I cannot but form there being three months consump- tion more than there must always be, on hand e on the idea of last harvest: what, therefore, am I to say to the so much more extraordinary assertion, that there was in all six months consumption in hand at that time*- The deficiency seems well ascertained+. The stock in hand at harvest can now only be esti- mated by the price. A A late harvest is another point which should in all safety be left quite out of the question, ecause 1t depends on that which is to come: the next harvest may be as late as the last; we know before-hand, by the time of sowing, that it *“€ It there was left of the old stock at harvest only enough for three months(and I say there was double the \ quantity), where is the cause for alarm??? Lester of Mr. thomas Davis.—Very great cause of alarm: for the price would have been so low, that cultivation would be discou- raged. Six months surplus, after a year, the price of which had been 1os. a quarter beyond the average, notwithstanding the import of near half a million of quarters, is a position which, on more consideration, I should suppose this gentle. man(a very able and ingenious one) would not persist in. +“* It seems now to be very generally agreed, that the Geficiency amounted to one-third,??— The Speakers Speech, March 6, 18006 must C( Tt W which nding sition rentie= Ne L 87.) must in all probability be late, as nothing but an uncommonly fine summer can bru ne on the late-sown wheats, which were caught by the frosts as soon as they came up so well as to cause an cu ripening. To calculate circumstances so bsolutely contingent gn the seasons, is ec ually uncertain and unsafe; for there is no security but in being provided for the worst. Yet have 1 seen calculations which boldly pronounce that we want only nine months consumption to be supplied by the last crop. Such assertions seem to me to be at least very rash: for what is it, but asserting that the Legislature may safely over- look three months consumption; that is to say, two mulions of quarters! by supposing either o> that aa stock in hand amounted to that enor- mous quantity at the end of last harvest(sup- posing the harvest had ended at an average period), or, that such vast supplies are to depend on the gratuitous expectation of an early harves this year, while we have every reason to expect a late one? QUANTITIES CALCULATED. ig TZ«+* 4 x at ey By seer Ty=f| pee aye= a li IWiG area fortn Ont rorwaraer this ycar thar Lr- oe Ly eas A eek Pe 8 GL~e f A ne: BY Bers oe we were the last, it will deduct 291,666 quarters at the reduced consumption, which it is necessary to admit and explain. A quarter per head has been stated as the common average quantity eaten per annum; but TX7TNA 7> MY oP” ener Bei Le 4+hywrniicr] when wheat is so dear as it has been through the ~ months f/ HH AM| aura i[ 58 J. aii By ati c nS aii months of November, December and January, ane Sah| ra we are not to suppose a consumption in that ratio.| verte fag a. 1 | We cannot fairly calculate on more than the pro-| cole portion of seven bushels; this is seven pecks a| yi Baa A head for three months, or 1,750,000 quarters.' hI ft .| ii To this we are to add 220,000 quarters already' ir ai):; 7 aA imported. The account will stand thus;“iM Ouarterse: Ouarters off | A year’s common consumption<- 8,000,000|| rH Deficiency of crop, 1-third 2,666,666| Ci Tal a Consumed in Nov. Dec. and Jan, 1,750,000 b inl Wa———— 6| EH| 41410; 866| ties 3,583; 3 54-| GRE . Import—-— 220,000| tap Stock in hand Feb. rst—— 3,003, 3 34. Mi ail But nine months consumption, at 7 bushels C26. a0 in© Bia a head, 1s-—~~, Vi| idle FH Dedutt——- 3,303,334, )' Ory a ||——| of aa i Deficiency to be provided for?—— 1,446,666 thegg | If the next harvest is a fortnight| ||:* it& earlier than the last, it will de-> 291,666 duct~——| pl d: ‘:| avid, Q Expected import, as stated by Lord] 6,666| cenas J j | Hawkesbury a— ij Ae| it BEE aH Cr. B i:| i| Stale bread, estimated ate fort.} 218,749 haps Baa night’s reduced consumption 3}, in d Al|- 2 41g; ) eel—! 956,081 f |— cid q L\)|]| | 1| i ided f|= Qe= ery Mill Still remains unprovidea for— 490,585} qa‘, aa This table proves that a very small reduction Og aia of the general consumption 1s far more effective CX 9 MAL Mh than all other measures put t¢ gates. and it at aii 7 likewise shews the extreme difficulty of effecting| CT :. | es PN Segeg if: a deficiency of only s00,000 quarters in the year, seems not to be very formidable, when all sorts of substitutes are considered; barley, oats, | pecks g|}| : potatoes, rice, soup, and many ather articles, have quarters., j —_| Deen resorted to with an eagerness on one oe S aiready and a liberality on the‘other;‘be eyond ¢ example é yet with all these— the price has been Juarters. enormous, so great as to force wheat to market AX TAR ARA ~ ww VU earlier than coma by many farmers; aided by the immense price of straw, which must be threshed out, for that price, in winter, while the 3,983,354 demand for it is greater by far than in summer, as 220,000 the farmers well know, and felt it to bea pre- TN mium for threshing. Yet with so strong a mo- Rea tive to thresh, both in price of erain and straw, 250400 with substitutes for wheat forcing in every part v: of the kingdom, with a-consumption reduced in 416,666 the ratio of a million of quarters, and with a iarge Import, still, in spite of every thing, the price has risen steadily and ¢ gradually: is this con+ ceivable, without as steady tani real a cause? Is it within the bounds of soreness to have thus happened, without any cause at all? which would have been the case with a deficien, cy of only one- 56,081 fourth, covered by a stock 1n hand of a fourth. Rhea 490,585 It 1s true, that at the present moment we are ae to aad to the deficiency of 490,000 quarters the eer expected import, making together 027,251 Gua os ters; but this import, though partly ideal, is tale certain 1n some measure; and the apprehension effecting H of it of it operates to induce the farmers to carry corn to market wuuile my one OD eT nd — CD | a es —-© ©) — (/P \——# — Ned —— —w ° :] z 277° 7y.~~- must know that cl. a quarter will force corn from every country that has it; the mere notion there- \e o .> 7%, 41* tends to fill the markets, and he uncertainty of the amount may as well ope- ~‘ rom its supposed magnitude, as to encourage hoardin: But let us, while we contemplate this mode- rate deficiency of 500,000, not forget that it 1s possible to turn out or— asowal| after that quantity in the above estimate 1s con- tingent. If next harvest proves late, the 291,666 for which credit is taken, disappear in the ac- count; stale bread may not make the difference xpected; and import may not yield what it t'+' sd a yf. ite( 2 ~~ 4 /‘\ 1!~—'-—}+~~+ t- mn rr.« 4 <’ 5‘ Ca 5=“’~ /e ee L,. f“Wik>>|‘, 8 Siw LA Al tea: Jit LS DOSSI DIC 9 ALIC something Of it .« : Betsy 1 ld this be t) Cae =~~ OQ ACA iy oa‘ on 5 iS* DTODaAabD; ero© ULE CiiS ISH WOks Cast, tne GQencit a. is(ge eG ap na j \37 f MATIN 93 TI Ue 2h oh oF” ss sS-2t7TQ 95, COT} 7 Cag| PP \ QS! ici Civtilia i V4 VEL} SPLGUVEEVE Measures INGE DR+4 r*{>+> A 4) a t| o>\1Q ot put In Cuil Wet i if~Y f/f. we) i}€ JO}CC CO Vi¢ oo A “.|=@*. 7 a|} cx? Y-- 31>(YT TeY TOC tT C AY onde OA oe Fn te om p= 5 re Pad. We+ iy 7#7 fm ¥ fy 0 Oey“> With eS YVICAaALCoL SOmCitu Lil» W ili Gee SBS POO ALG | f| heh nd 7 = 7%, a iw fy A+ 4>WS XT f r TYTiwac+_T?> 44 a i ry~~»s«.4 7%‘ x tr a UT~O>\ r aVW/L GG! LO Day 4 v ¥ Bren as/ ww i ETN SC al CEE V tijd VY DC| SO ~ J -‘~ = 1 5, 9:, 7-4] Te ry 110F’ HnHrice FNC eVil nre.-C¢‘/ ,- 2 fo y 2 y ij LSF}) a wet~\& 5 X L3 Ww VW\ s>. CSSE> S C) SEV C bes\ Sy / sr Ve< i a} 4. 1|) j Vy oy O72 own OF z‘a r7 2|; as+ a? a"~Y 7% ot= J Al Sin fA Se fit:,= X~ nel LUIS< AG Peek tO procuie - r¢ Yr)~, Cc L).~ tT; ry‘ all(2 3, A PL EWEELWO VU i WVvetl ¥ KAU OL Liper,Uli. | Ree:& 1](= Ee ‘/ ¥ j t aly TEN OF 3 TY ae ar|~- os r~’ a~|> i:| Juve~i*“\ v wa AOD) WVLIONS Ui q@#wvia 4 e4i rw@UIS i 7.-'. |‘ RPLYTRVRALKACRA SA Ts t> om> f.\t inet TI? CE 1" C+r TPVATTC PE | i|) yi 7 mite Bi)<;| /| WVUiiil nation, Oj ATL ODEGT piL Wd, LU hablo’ a a 4 Pia eS caren f* 5|] J } i| rs;;- IVA Ty 3» on Cc-= NV} Sidw is WN 3 4 LO Mil Ae Le te YN 8, YG WRN, pcasure SLL Us i A.- 5 7 » 1“TY i C S77 2‘ F a5 trom Ene expectation Ol |‘LT 4 yn nitude. T“NY+ vw An LA ie CLILY , oO Tt t” ~~ u 1S if r ~ Vi it “ nie ~ wi& , ~, a y ie 4 L ta ° J] V a i }‘ SS LVYLIvs) 3 - mT ’ ;(JL U1 . | | } ~~ s‘ z 1 , ’ wi: > ~ \ make them cautious another time how they uken and bring into activity the dormant resources of the country: whatever therefore may be the quantity of wheat in hand, every possible : exertion ought to be made to reduce the price> by Bigg tO all that relief may be had long be- fore the next crop can be in the market. When I was summoned to attend a Com- mittee of the House of Commons, I had ap- prehensions that mischief would be done; but e Legislature into a dangerous security, I felt it conceal nothing. In my Opinio aud uae 1, AL iV Lo, LLith ha\ wy -« ij> A} 1 ser|| 4+ Se ea here fa, s BOR OY Ley on yeen wiser to. have had no public Committees t- pS T<>~ co= I>=e ey“YY‘fro Ory. Z; L. a C2}.[. but pry ake Means taken to ascertain tne tact; and = Ps- ea aap Ee tl 1 ant.> TA?r a 7‘ea~» 4<5~~ e&~ nothing t cal ulkec Or tlil Dilis were preparcdad ready Lor lat“a the Legislature. | Sear TA Ot Gm YY ae ja, Ay C ool 1<5 s,}', eae in What ¢ CELCe tne measures taken Agave raiseG n tha nrice ic ur rth examinine LLIE DI iwwue lS vy Of U3& kam Se’ AAITIUGIS, _. iJ SD? £, 72 0 ia 7 7 lie ease“— Price of wheat Tune 7a my 1) J{7 j puiy Oo eeA A re August 2 ioe N°| Hs- He ptemper Oe tee fo ee ii MLODCL lO~ Dp | i: t i‘mber 1 Decembe LPs lanuary Li a Ts. O February FZ 76 HW ram Fo bo ay las re NATO fo t|- ¢- Rat FAH 7 Las. Peurr CATS sla pre if LY teat CnNaet AJUDICIUENSIONS LV V~T Cc 7>» TIC Aa‘; 4 i a sudden rise, from the late inquiries, are un- os [ 62] for no such event has been the result; the just; rise has been gradual from June. These prices are so enormous, so much beyond the ratio of the deficiency, that a question natu- rally arises on the subject, how far the ae of a necessary of life can rise: And what are the cir- cumstances that may limit it? Price being formed by competition to possess, it may rise wnile com- petition continues, and to any height. If the rich feed the poor, which is very much the case at present, the price is no longer bounded by the faculties of the poor, for the wealth of the whole kingdom comes into competition for food: long as such demand continues, price may rise¢.— And this has been the case for the last five months. Had the been left without this support and assistance of poor in many of the counties the rich, they must have perished for want of food, till numbers had lessened to the proportion of the supply. enough to drive the peop»le to other food, which | , But the prices have arisen high ~ lessening the competition for wheat, the price sunk, or rather looked do in Marc Lb It was improbable it should do « This fall of price was, however, more an object of con- versation than fat: it might more properly be said to cease tO rise, Wheat. Barley. Oats. . JS. d.° is d. Average England, week ending caer cata -"Oo 106 rs 50 3 35 3 Feb. 22, I1SoO0=«a o Cy Wearchede mm Seiccericw yee) 3% T6765 wee Ss S74 > ony“: 5s Q 4 8= 2g we so-™ o J| 4|$3 2 37 Q Kt , . t- \ JeVOnC Aa On naty- ) r oe ~ ) +]; CLIC Cif. ss formed LAr ~ VVlile- ‘,| sae|. ‘» Livi; WhOlE ~ St five yunties Ane+ |‘}5 ./ rmvrTt.i* ‘ XY A 1’ ? Y> * ae ton©® “~->* ther. UJLAliva - nn tf UUlis ra ce _ 4? 5 J) J - a] 0| o — otherwise, 1n proportion as the peopl itted > i A. Yalan oe ae~es~ a eee be s* when once e rood for barley or oats; when once sucha consump ~= as mf eet ee eee: 3 tion Se oeneral, the competition . tt“ 2 Bs r ame Se. h= i 3< Cc» 7 Zs price must fall to the proportion of this contracted .,, ee, bs tim| See cane Sod Consul pil ion: 3 bt OL from hii iE LLITLE Oars and Dar- t~‘~>‘a“ Iroc Mo vies( ae L--‘ j T Cy DCCOINC the NCCessafies OF ile 5 and these TY roy y+ lL, aQW Ne ra toad ayo"1 O f TY\COVTKTAT,} MIgntc Oe EA VELLEL tGIWSe LD PAVE) LiUIL LO the ~<< ytity AIAN 7= 1.| BE os my tx~y’ 3 aa Lae je 1 Quantity CcmMmahec Y 5 VV ALAU LI WOUIC v beak){ LK. G }~ 4+ ON“4 Os a he A- 3 tf Lak° t piace LOad GCeree perlaps Feit ALL QGQIStressin ue DUE = of PAR a 4. ao r eee for one fortunate circumstance, which is the oe Be Sie eee|e ae eer Gua intity of barl y too bad tO Mait, OUL Not too :>| ns.} 7 Pe 1™ V1 Th\t* aly+ hread+iiont rr, Aare}; aie ae bad LOL na@e}% WiCcahs 5 Lisa WiiCi) Some( i Ihny COTrespo iden CS Cai SiAiNCG, Mt NOL black... 1 he tall nn fe>. = a* a~ 4 effect of this circumstance d¢ 35. NDE-VerE appear os, i md Mae> ads| oe a Gaye ae Louch barlev and oats have risen to the&¢ ¥ &iiv‘=p 24 Wak et iat UAL A4QR VL. sen i/ the LU if) Oz Rilaa+} y~ 4 18>} 1| BS VIATCD.({ nas GemManacCd LLU t} 3 LO LA I iO] hs LO | eee x l> y ae} igs. 4 wx ¥|> 7% } v 4> j}‘=>t 4 F‘ iF_ OTING ERE i~ rT AN a» eh CAL> to Lid Lneil lOO0Qd 9 naad 7|°° ba*. 4>. ra f-+=_o-;-.’, giicy taKen LO IL ck HTSt. l aN| A\= i VU near Ti}]- Of —— - gn iz~ om yy;|.‘4.-- 4. 7, ~ 7 7 Z a» f"%} f}+\/~>+ P ,— OS~|== e“ ye hay C DIG)? i J<4 tr) 9 Kes e No\ COr} i 8. AT Lid VY to VV i} At We -H-- But under such circumstances of consumption ~ ar ee>-=, Ce 1}:~*~ ar“a4 f°++¢ St changing, no fallin the price of wheat will prove any ] c- iy I rn aS- a“an thing against the scarcity being real; let that d ficiency amount to halt a CTOD. SI i if st J yf Ne 2 Oe La>| AlLiLVULIL Qe A Aw b& of} LA==),[| el it 1S Not it: ie: ae 5 Rae ie pe Soe oY aah hot lemanded, the price must fall; if by means of qT«- Pa) r oy‘an Bs It 1s astonishing how Iittle accuracy we find in conversation: > fy iA>~ 2 y t RI INY NMAC ,.as WhO Would conceive BR om what has been reported, that 3d, quarter would have turned out the fall in this last week!— much more than balanced by the rise in the other two necessa- 3 of lite rg 8 they are now become, [| 64| s of food the consumption of wheat 13 other article reduced in a greater proportion than such defect in the produce, the price will be regulated, not to the crop, but undoubtedly by the consumption alone. But under both wheat and oats; the case of so very deficient a of barley below the aver- age, and one-third of that worse than stained: with a great demand for every thing in the North and in‘Scotland; 1t would be great imprudence, from any fall in price likely to be_ experi- enced, to be tempted into any relaxation in the measures that have been in contemplation for giving ease to the people. Vibrations in price may be looked for; but there 1s not any reason to expect, even with the assistance of a forced 1m- portation*, that the exertions of the Legislature will be unnecessary. Those exertions should be without remission, and gradually(as the pressure esent moment lessens) take perhaps a more importan direction in those permanent measures that shall give the kingdom in future * Average of wheat and flour imported from the North of Europe for twelve years, and from the States of America previous tO 1799: Wheat and flour from the North of Europe for twelve years, a ann.=<= Greatest ay ditto in one year t 329,281 Sy eee ae a Bee» Average of wheat ang flour from North Ame.} 5 se~~ 6-é rs a Peo. ric AcTOF-t welve) rs a== g* mnt ane++~ m wv" Lat Cai 36 O y Ww GIteO ify One year= 939/74 " the crop of ee— . oS| ] ser: the blessings of a more regular price of the oreat ect ; staff of life. REMEDIES. The first object I shall mention, is to encou- rage powerfully the culture of potatoes: the cor- 2=PQOATANHFIC{[~f~ ¢= TS Bs 1) Vib ¢>/ AT ONY) é Ka a7 a: ‘ respondence shews that seed would be wanted in iv aver- we some districts but In manv there 1s nlentv: thew WwVli i“9 L u 1 i ACUA}, SPs i ww LS pPscilly c CHE are in common largely planted in Essex, to take up in July(according to the demand), and the same practice is found in Lincolnshire. If they PVN Ar a ws Vii+ f> ¢- pa 2> 5S~ e‘=f' 4, r> la° are not wanted, the more are left to perfeét their ,7n fhe i Li\ 7. a£=< a>—--= what+ rai f rr erowth, andare taken up in the autumn. Thus A the husban« dry recommended is not a novelty;- it — oe 7 re= ence<9: Soe iS me srely the extension of a practice common: (yr) T a" LU D| mi Fi 1 We these ao products amount to about half a crop, 1 im: . biLid a xi S oY Pole eee° that 1s, from 150 to 200 bushels anacre. If it is slaryire ee Led Ol ike:‘d that this culture would rival better crops, tA Lv= is oars 1 z: za 7-| itis forgotten that they form the fallow. or prepa- "A=— uly Ae ae at OSs ae eee: em mae& ration for corn; that the land, if not planted, d eae. 14 a ae: would be sown with turnips, and yield a, produce aAnNnant/ i |‘cattle instead of man. If it is said it would nth exhaust the soil, itis answered by common prac- ' 9 De"7 ey KY:~ tr ay>‘ Ad. ait Pe‘‘% arth of tice, granting the i: which 1s however much + \merica disputed, does not wheat exhaust the soil? Even han ANY other sort of COFD.= DUE Was. Fnat C ?> e" ITO G SC“r PEa2LqGcCcryt~rye co 4‘_ 7| 1 w VU EROS: i) aS ra teCasOn AV ALNSI Ci S eee ,,—~~-»*-~_»= 21 c<=) j i ed>»| ‘{ yn~ i a t|> ire> i" t y}‘ ry>.- a j ia e LAW AVA 9‘ete G}!—7 A ae ic A need LS i 7)! & » 4 ow iy ae V!Ar tT 4.| 2.-.” GF., arkst) yy A 1 A''‘» 7 i‘.' 4+s~; A WSS! iy Be tS Lit 4 PUL] i a_ Litt] il S| PERSE i i Ch s ) ES a 2 ta tn~ ae[2 j 4 f. f 7 C2( EOD: DU I: Cy 1/) DY Va| ol 7 f? 7 ef 5) f Yy_~ Oeil£4 c b ay iy/ i oF, i£ fi'C A- a } j? S| Z := 4 14] r/f/ YP c7/T,‘} 14 Vi,/ Oy, 5;{7 4 ft-{ ia. 7 y PL cae 4 Pat by UL SUE TIEC LS 4 iQ J yw VY VE Liiod c Lum aay oO ar | 66| o tion, we have only to open our eyes E; through every street of this great city, every where thrown away with the parin ~—./ QP Ee in a a a~ i>+~ eh— e- YI t+ JAA A SUPE.——SGCEES-CNOUGH EO. DIA BRE 2G- AGEEGS Ane-eUVery } 1 j ee ee my tx79 C4 eae| Qnaan Kilt\ v¥ adotcu 5- BsJitiitivulis ‘hus cut-de I. 1] ea 1 solls not we See: a eerie Fees bets kei sce een pee Te|<| fe ev aliadVJicrt LU tii Cuicure, and InN tic CLS not ITOPCTLY os> ~~ 44," 1 4+ Jet~. Se,| en? Be 2 Ss 1|- L~- fe 4444;=~ pic paica,© OHiahnhtca WitNn a heady iy. aaron turned S. 1. es ae 1 7 Ee on the seed, 1t may probably D e found that large cuttings are superior; and if in ae out the eyes, too small a tool 1s used, so as to take little more than the skin, the embryo plant may want the nourishment it derives for some time from her sett.“But let 1t be considered, that at a moment like the present; when every exertion ust to be made to increase the sustenance of mankind by all possible efforts, an inferior crop 1{* of potatoes 1s an object of no inconsiderable con- | SS“\ L[See.¢ eA;]:=~ sequence; and that a saving of this sort for pro- acl 3 1or rer nlentiyz\f cee] 41c0h- XTKTC V1IGiING a 7TCATCI pucnty Ol sccd, 1S with SuUCN VIEWS vorthy of immed+4 VU oe| Lil) O} LINMeEatace GALtt a oy Oe 1 Y,(oes. oe cs VV ell-imagined premi ums tor the anh os Re 2 ment of tl ae Saf TR ea te|>© wiaeaie is Culture, be be extremely: advise- ee] ry e 4~ a TY7T»~*~‘4 2~_ 1. a o> a.+ fy 4°—~ s abie; they would certainly secure a larger planta- cion out the 1° 1 ra| ce HTC 4 wan y Yrula a VY re i a “4 om Livy LIVI » toe tion than is hkely to take place without such motives. Andif four or fiye thousand pounds, given to the greatest quantities, were only to secure some hundreds of acres more of so useful a root, the public money would be wisely and prudently dispensed. It would turn the attention of every one to sav- ing seed with the utmost care: this is not done; and therefore we have a plain proof that a high price 1s not sufficient encouragement to enlarge produc- tion beyond a certain scale, and therefore one of these wise principles falls to the ground. Pota- toes throughout the kingdom are at so high a price, that many a person in weak circumstances will be tempted to sell, and reserve less than com- mon for seed; and many will be deterred from buying. The object is extremely important; because they might be so largely extended as to support half the people of England for a month; and they would be ready to eat, if wanted, full two months before the wheat will be in the bakers’ shops. Such was the proposal, but ADAM SmitTH prevailed:. political principles were thought more nourishing. AAs to the effect which would have been pro- duced, we have nedrly a case in point: in the scarcity of 1796, a Member of the Board of Agri- culture proposed a premium of 1oool. for the Jargest breadth planted on Jand which had not yielded them before, to é¢xclude the great Es- | SOX [ 68| sex plantations. It occasioned much conver- sation, and got into the newspapers, as if actually offered. The Board received some letters, and I had private ones from various persons, inquir- ing into the terms, and stating that the writers were making great exertions to become candidates. A premium of 1oool. 1s a new case; none such was ever offered, and therefore no one can say that it would not have had much effect. And sup- posing a large quantity was drawn from the market at present to save for seed, the benefit would much exceed the evil; for if the scarcity conti- nues and increases, every pound so drawn from th emarkets would produce ten before harvest, or twenty after: at all events, no evil could ensue. Another measure which would have proved absolutely effeCtive, was to prohibit feeding horses kept for pleasure, on oats. If 500,000 such horses are thus fed at present, and eat one bushel a week, they consume in nine months 18,000,000 of bushels; or enough at 25 bushels each person per annum, to support a milhon of people during that period, or four millions of people for nine weeks: such a resource is equal to the urgency of the moment. Whatever unpleasant circumstances might result from such a measure, what can be the consequence or the amount, when compared with the evils of such a price of wheat as 5]. per quarter? And what reasons can be offered against it, when con- sidered CL iC One L 69| sidered as a proof to convince the people that their rulers will submit to any inconveniencies, in order to afford them every relief that can be de- vised? Nothing is so simple as the mode of ma- mufacturing the oaten cakes(the girdle-bread) of Westmoreland,&c. which the reader may find in the Report forthat county, by Mr. Cuutey. Other measures that have been proposed in parliament, will have a good effet unquestionably; 9 but calculate the amount, and compare it with this ~—the extent of their operation is doubtful: there can be little doubt of the extent of this. It is an effective and powerful measure, and therefore proper for such an exigency. The farming bailiff I sent to the Duke of LIANCOURT ten years ago, is now in London, having left France but a fortnight, and has given me many accounts of French husbandry; one circumstance of which deserves notice—that every scrap of waste and——‘ted land is converted into little possessions by the poor, and cultivated most assiduously; much by means of potatoes. I have drawn, at the request of a Member of the Board of Agriculture, the skeleton of ana& for rendering assistance of this sort to the poor permanent, which I believe would raise thousands of families from a state of poverty, and dependance on rates, toa situation of ease and comfort; equally beneficial to landlords, farmers, and slyeit elves. And here it well eee attention, that on the estates of the Earl of WincHitsEa and Sir 12 CECIL S22 —— oii~ .- an, og zs a. ws rit“44 [ 7°] Ceci, Wray; in Rutland and Lincoln shires, the benefit of the labourers having gardens and crass for one or two cows, has been prodigious: the Earl informs me, that of seventy about Burley, only two widows have applied on occasion of the present scarcity, for parochial relief; all at their eise. It is the same with SirCreciL. Whata powerful motive for extending wherever possible, so admirable a system! As to the measure of breaking up commons by parish officers, for ove year, there are so many objections to it, that 1 take for granted it will either be so much altered in the House as to be- come a very different measure; Or, that lords of manors will every where put a negative on it: as much time may probably be employed upon such a proposition, as would mature a plan for dividing the commons in such a manner as to become a permanent blessing to the poor. On some soils, and in some climates, such would cover themselves again with white clover and grass; but in general, they would be- come a bed of thisties, to the annoyance of all the surrounding country. The culture would be neglected till every‘man’s private business was finished—the produce would be trifling, and the result an evil. At present, they are a great re- source that may be applied to admirable purposes; better remain so, than, for the sake of one crop, to convert them into fields of desolation. But | shireg: ens and gious: Burley, Mmons Oo many it will to be- lords ve on dloyed ae 4 uch 4 sing to ymates, . white uld be- P of all ould be ass WAS and the reat fe- eArAceAe ¢ ITPOes 5 [71] But let me hasten from temporary measures to ethers of a permanent nature, to secure a more regular price of wheat. The high price at present I consider as entirely arising from the seasons; but as a deficiency in the crop, of 33 percent. ought not to be attended with a rise of roo per cent. some measures ought to be adopted, difficult as they may be, to prevent an inequality so oppressive to the poor, 1. Ascertain the prices of corn, 2. A general inclosure. 3. Give land to cottagers. 4. Parochial assistance in food to be in rice,&c. s. Number the people. 6. Register the acres of wheat and rye sown. The first objet is to ascertain prices with more precision. The corn returns at present are in every degree inadequate. Blanks, by reason of no returns, are numerous; from some places the same prices have generally been transmitted; from others, grossly misrepresented. While there re- mains so much uncertainty at the fountain of all regulations(including that of the assize of bread), it is impossible to alter or amend them but in the dark. That bakers should be under an as- size, and millers and mealmen under none, 1s a sross absurdity long seen and felt, but not easily remedied while the price of wheat is unascertained, What I would propose is, that the magistrates, when yitt ve Ht) 1572-3] when met at the quarter-sessions, should make the return(signed individually by all present), of what has been the price of every sort of grain forthe preceding three months. To discover the price of every market-day, is almost impossible; but there 1s no country justice who is not acquainted perhaps personally with the price for the last quar- ter.‘his would come very near the truth indeed; and as to the inconvenience of the price of one quarter being taken as a guide for another quarter, it does not appear that the evil would exceed the benefit; they would balance each other. If the price trom Midsummer to Michaelmas in some years would set it too high or too low for the period from Michaelmas to Christmas, the contrary might take place in the two succeeding quarters. For instance, in the present moment; the price of last summer would have been too low for the quarter from Michaelmas to Christmas; but that from Christmas to Lady-day, regulated by the price from Michaelmas to Christmas, would have restored the balance; and so it would enerally be found. The inconvenience would small, compared with the benefit; and as to the race of wealthy millers and mealmen, who ceep large stocks on hand, it would come much nearer the truth than by any other way whatever, for such men do not in the quarter sell the meal al the corn consumed between Michaelmas and Christmas(in some years a large portion, where the Tit looki anxik been | sani ioment, 1 1 100 1OW TISTMAs 5 “/=) a culate WistMds, .|] If WOUuLY ] P would : 73| the farms are large), 1s always bought between Midsummer and Michaelmas. When the price of wheat was thus correctly ascertained, there would be a fair basis for any regulations which the wisdom of the Legislature might think proper to lay upon millers and mealmen. The next article 1 shall name, is a:very im- portant one, A-GENE RAL, INCLOSUR E. To name it is sufficient. It has long been: looked for by the whole kingdom with eager anxiety; nor has one powerful or sufficient reason been offered against it.‘The measure has been sanctioned by one House of Parliament; and might certainly be so arranged as to obviate all the smaller objections that have been made to it. The former scarcity brought forward the pro- posal: surely the present one will not pass with- out maturing it! To state that the expence by fees, of the officers of the two Houses, amounts to 2091.(per parish, however many there may be in an act), is alone sufficient to shew that the measure ought to pass; but this is in many in- stances the smallest obyect. To maintain and pay solicitors and witnesses at London, waiting for the business and forms of the two Houses, fight- ing in litigious and interested contests, run up the expences enormously; render it utterly im- oe Eo [ 74] possible to come to parliament for small inclo- sures, and are a very heavy impediment to large ones. But there is another circumstance deserving the greatest attention at the present moment, be- cause it goes to the question of a scarcity of corn. The great profit by inclosing, is apon those soils which are convertible to grass. Upon dry land well adapted to corn, the benefit is far infe- rior, and the consequence is, that immense tracts of this sort of land remain open and waste, while the heavy rich deep soils that have been constantly yielding wheat under a low rent, are inclosed and converted to grazing land under double or treble that rent; such soils, where the parishes are large, will bear any expence, and these have been thus taken from corn that is the food of the poor, and thrown to bullocks to feed the rich. Iam not so absurd as to reason against these measures: they are wise and necessary, and the prosperity of the kingdom has been the result; but it is a most powerful motive for removing every impediment from the inclosure, and conse- quent culture under corn, of all dry and poorer wastes, upon which the profit is so much less, as not to induce an equal desire to encounter those heavy expences which press at present upon such acts of parliament. From these citcumstances I draw the conclu-: sion, that while the people are rapidly increasing, and the culture of wheat not advancing in a sj- miular removing id conse- d poorer uch less, ncounter ent upon 75 J mular proportion, scarcity must be often at our doors. I conceive it to be a gross contradiction, for a man to admit, as some do with whom I have conversed, that the culture of wheat has not ad- vanced, and at‘the same time to contend, that so untoward a season as the last should not oc- casion a great, real and unquestioned scarcity. "y]| ine combination forms a vere critical and dan- gerous situation, highly deserving the attention of the Legislature. he immense wealth of the kingdom has cre- ated so enlarged a dem_ tor the products of grass, that with all the measures of inclosure, and all our improvements, the supply has not been adequate. That demand rivals the lower classes who feed on corn; they must be brought to har- monize, or the evil can never be radica]] lly cured. Combine the various circumstances I have touched on in different parts of these€ papers, such as the great increase of population, the prodigious increase of horses in the last 30 OF 40 Years, the decline in the use of oxen in husbat nary, the cul- ture of wheat not sufficiently advancine@ the wast tracts of land laid down to grass, to provide for the demand for the‘products of pasturage, with several other circumstaces of less importance; and it will appear that no one can reasonably be sur- prized that an unfavourable season should have very distressing effects. One of my correspondents(Mr. RUGGLEs), says,“ let the Minister bring his herculean mind J a ie{9 L396| 4~ to this(general inclosure act), and simi jects, and dificulties will vanish.’ And ou Cuaries Mippieton, whose knowledge of acriculture is famous, says, and most j istly, in a letter to the President of the Boar d of Agriculture, «© As long as land is rendered unproductive, and tied up for want of a general inclosure bill, we can have no reasonable ground to complain ol aa net sCarcily. tn © eS ’ / D me Cf) ‘ a = tA jab) an 4 It is supposed that three million s~ 1(x>} a;, acriculture of England, on about X O eon pod —/ -— ee p--— 7 «4 oD t™ —s| st — et aD ‘@) 3 ~~, a(S rs’ Yaron tar,\> gue? é iy 30,000,000 OF acres; and they feed 10,000,000. ~ a~DITO’S“~ t g 5 Ta In this proportion, seven millions of waste acres fs 7 1 7}’ would feed 2,233,000; Dut demand to cultivate a/v«e/& ESV VIAC EL 4 om 4} Sty them no more than 700,000; consequently they Cy d ry 9 A C- 7 a AIX f\&\t a sre THAN WO ul raise[00d LOL+ 50 50,000} ICL BSL OR aS MOre Ciiatl utiva a ion: a ~ y~ 7’ those who were employed in the c larce iis GA Hee be added& ie ATE© portion would douotiess ve aadea EO- the class of artizans and manufacturers em ployed by 4c] Rann. Db eal tt Were. Nero such 700,000 cultivators, Dut stil tnere WOUkK 5 saa i be a very considerable excess 5 suicl- ent to cut off the present necessity of 1mportation, —‘ ah) A T> re t|;<¥ Cc sf{es 1. i- th at TTIACT ee ANG prepare ne means or recainye tliat Vaot lin crease which is every ten eu-$ augmenting the popu ulation of this kingdom. e pe eriodical scar- =~ Cities with which we are visite.“call impe riously for this measure.—It cannot be delay ed without erious evils resulting ae BH= saa: a,> neck i i: The means which would of all others perhaps tend most effective ely to harmonize these jarring qaaTrTy(y , : A> j~~/.~ yi-~ sTrTD rternre y oe interes US, a Ye! MmOSE surely pre\ ent LUC!€ ScdfChe 4¢: i- cy UF‘ cc i 9° 2 Se s,s tiles, sO oppressive to the poor as the present, > wn.,~“ 4 TN AO i a ol eas<= ry would be to secure to every country iabDourer in e the kingdom, that has three children and upwards, | ar 5|/> X] try gis: POI G"TP the cnougn to feed one or two cows. 1ese are the MOnre~¢ VWODVT=| ara 7 O Ne}> kir+4%,{ POO CSt peop S{ IGEE ale in Ene HINES caom, Aalic theretnre~\0F nf) wt accicta?r("ae} Tr Ac 4 chererore LOSL W 11 GIORIEGELCS« t Le Mogae pe “nhac a~}>> Se he all 2 ry oS~ eel bi Oe~~?=+s- 77 LCLiicy ine them at 2 ESeEnt. iS by seiuing wheat Ol -|, f°.‘ ms rd fiour at half price, which in so periods is mis- wis TTFAVTIC s 7 2*2T, sn\+*‘: Chievous, as it"prevents that short allowance in this article, which can alone make a short crop _~ - each had his ample potatoe port =, hold out: but oO ae Qn} y> ONTKT 4} x nmi yo of ay~a 4 Wi O j{ lye“ a TOUNnG aiiG rae COW 4 PEC PAREGS, VV neat y LIFE IAB OTL Ju j WW1eNcC hy gis ae oom; T+47? little more co nsequence to them than it 1s to their brethren in Ireland. Every one admits the system to be good, but the question is, how enforce it? Some difficulties might occur.“he magnitude of the object should make us disregard any difficulties, but such as are i~~\«* 47|-=~ ¢ o>~~ a,: j“~~+.> ay cr fr~ insuperable: none such would probably occur, af om hy or ee AC Neane san se WS EL Lne like LIC followi: ne means were C- sorted to: t! T a~~-~~, rar Of Se-=) 3 Tr I. Where there are common pastures, to give to| 4}, yr mat leaxtinge>| Pe ee Pa fOd 1aD Out Ing d Wan lla VII?~ ¢ MiaQren,a Trigat cy to damn. an allotment proportioned to the family, to be set out by the parish officers, under ‘||“>~ t\‘1 C errs: zs°AOo>} 4\s~ the controul of two ustices, and the sanction and register of the sessions; and a cow bought. c*{ At la) ns a tra™~, EZ ee: wd+4 5; such labourer to have both for life, paying gos. a E98| year till the price of the cow,&c. was reifm- bursed: at his death, to goto the labourer having 3 the most numerous family, for life, paying shillings a week to the widow of his predecessor. II. Labourers thus demanding allotments by reason of their families, to have land assigned, and cows bought, till the proportion so allotted amounts to one of the extent of the cOmmMon. III. In parishes where there are no commons, and the quality of the land adequate, every cottager having children, to whose cot- tage there is not within a given time, land suf- ficient for a cow, and half an acre for potatoes, assigned at a fair average rent, subject to appeal to the sessions, to have a sour to demand shillings per week of the parish for every child, till such land be assigned; leaving to landlords and tenants the means of doing it. Cows to be found by the parish, under an annual reimbursement. IV. A county inspector appointed, to whom returns of all cases to be made, to be annually re- oo ted to an office in London;—the Board of Agriculture competent to the purpose; difficul- ties would thus be analyzed, and might be pro- vided for. If it is said, that by any such measure you in- jure the right of turning live stock on the com- mon, possessed by those cottagers to whom allot- inents are not made, I reply, that the bill now before Set' nf 5\W i iit aA HnT ad J ve’.Y before parliament, to enable parish officers te break up enna will do exactly sie same, but probably, if made effective, to a larger amount. A ry The distribution of the ee tatoes will be to those who‘want them: most, and not to the persons in proportion to tee supposed injury they may receive by ploughing the common. It is therefore admitted, R art Sy Fae ee eee ee oe oe Pte De perty may be violated: in inclosure acts, it 1s } S in many instances overlooked. But the fa& is, that these rights of common are, nineteen t nty, nuisances to the owners, who have no means of winter-fee eding the deat kep by t the common in summer. The nearest farmer TTA AIMCO qe a> Ons"tarrrao] by his flock sweeps the whole, and starveés the ] r:‘ rs~& 5 ro on DC- a-STeat€ase’ OF poor 7*~ 1}{ 1|] 1]: MA rise 20 ay) Sitar rmn49 Yiwqt Tant tes. LYNG? 11° CAG TOU DPaiG- a> smiali QGuit-rent fo - A } 7]£ T j e] oo PreaTt Ie CT 1¢ wT oO rr Pee 7(- oe at~/ nae“i;~~ from EHS CONSUMDIILON Oj V¥ neat, and to$ i\ C them ' ra bstiti res aniaialler x? o> ST? o and TY t=>|:‘@ Su Sctitu ho CUUaLLY W hnoie Piil Livi LOU ishing, 4. gs: °, 7>- eo ANG Aw Indenendent AE Chae ee? Phe ae and as independent of scarcities natura] Or“athe re oD = ) bead re A 10th xT?£ a7| na Art.. ae ts cy? 1.>}t 1: Fam’°} I Jil A INetne a Vt Atlticailil ma Lil SaimMe ODIECt, TXT>) ¢+ bg ce arth Qy it z~~ ae~s a ES would be LO Pass a8 AWL Dronibitine parochial, i | 80| Hef so far as subsistence was concerned, in any other manner than by potatoes, rice, and soup 5 not merely as a measure of the moment, but per- manently. Very great consequences would flow fom this: it would secure a vast culture of po- tatoes, or agreat and regular import of rice; and ‘+ would infallibly spread throughout the king- dom the habit of consuming them; habituate the poor to a cheaper way of satisfying thetr hunger, and their taste would be weaned from the dependance on bread, so general at present.— This measure is a powerful one, for it would af- fee the distribution of perhaps two millions ster- ling on an average, and give new habits to pro- bably two millions of people*, and these the poorest in the nation. Public granaries have been mentioned;_ the ‘dea has been refuted an hundred times.‘Lhe only eranaries admissible, would be for rice to be sold so cheap as to promise the oradual introduc- not affect the ‘on of that food: these would price of wheat when cheap; and when dear, would be a source of great importance. Some- thing useful might be done in this way; and the best means of effecting it would be, by inducing the India Company so to provide themselves, as to render an act feasible which should direct, that as soon as wheat shall rise on the average of *‘The number of parish poor relieved, has been shewn In many places by the very able Mr. HowterrT, to amount(to near one-third of the total population,—danals, V. 18, Ps 573> the [| Sr| the kingdom to 4l. per quarter, and so long as it remained at or above that price, the Company should sell rice in hundred weights, to all persons demanding, at 258. per hundred weight, or any MIG: O8 Do. other price which shall on an average of years be nce 5 and adequate., the King- The next measure I shall propose, 1s not a law, habituate but a regulation in the mode of inquiry, whenever ying thetr Government or the Legislature wanted infor- aned from mation relative to scarcities, real or imaginary. present,— Examinations by a Committee of either House would af- of Parliament, with reports made public to the ions ster- world, are perhaps the worst means that could be to pro- used; nig this results first from the great import- ese. the ance of alegislative body; and secondly, from the necessity of f publishing the result, be it what it d; the may—what 1s communicated to 500 individuals, The as published, whether in print or in manuscript. ice to be Interested men, who speak to a Committee com- ntroduc- posed of persons who have the power to make fect the laws that shall materially affect their employments en dear, or trades, are not likely to forget their own in- Some- terest, which lessens the dependance that is to be and the placed in their evidence; and the weaknesses, inducing prejudices, or errors of others, may equally tend. ‘ies; aS to impress mistaken ideas.‘The very importance 1 direct, of the body before whom individuals are called, verage of creates these and other sources of error; and making public the particulars of the examinations, may either spread a false alarm, or an equally pernicious.security. 1, 18) Pe$73" There [ 82] There seems to be a method of obtaining 1n- formation free from these great objections. Public Boards that are instituted for nation- al purposes, those of conducting, inquiring 1n- to, or encouraging any branch of revenue or industry, are the proper bodies for reporting on the state of the kingdom respecting, or nearly respeCting their business and ordinary inquiries, The Board of Agriculture is singularly proper for such objects as concern cultivation, products, the labouring poor, and the manufacture of wheat; every inquiry into the last of these objects, shouid be as much as possible by actual experiments, easy and not expensive to make. By their very extensive correspondence with every part of the kingdom, they would be able to make inquiries silently, and consequently without‘creating any alarm; and they might easily, by repeating such inquiries annually, a nd registering the result, be able to discover how far their information was ac- curate, by comparing it with the prices of the year. But if more sudden knowledge was want- ing, it would not be difficult at any time to pro- cure it, without the least probability of exciting e that sort of alarm which might be made an ill use of by interested individuals. When such an in- stitution is established at the public expence, it seems to be no more than reasonable to have some degree of confidence in. capability of being essentially useful in inquiries so intimately connected with its immediate business. Upon = wW 4 Lid]| nh oben"IAC MUUITLE 5 . “Otte a~ CLINMenNTS 9 INQUITles "ITVGy wnt iii Gil O! ’ TING, CTT 4 iY SUCH — rra nr. Bes Upon the present very important oc casion,[| ] bers~:>- SS have no doubt‘but had the Board been ea;‘ly oroper inquiry into the au AW ADHO<2 5 Vere art° NC means Of preparing 3% e 3 ee def Seance that’ eacwt: gt ay al Cc tol any Gerciency that mignt be the result of so ey= b le, ys} SQ] they"?, t yy ns b]>» ul lid Voura a oC a5O0), ait b, WO ule a! have ween a Jit to furnish Government with informat; 1on truly important. | Tats=| tT—_> wa=|“c¢ I T tbh LL+4} be|=. I aye i Vy STL"OIE ATS} O 5 pul ISNeq cL| 4h iD Lic>) i i sad>> BP. i ite uf.,: aa aT iio ais aaa A seu entitled,/ Ops UALS LO LICE. LC 97S lature G for HuUuswioe}) Li 7 rr°. yf i)-./ ro‘-?+-.] x> ine L£eople; so long a period has elapsed, but no- /]+|/ a\f On ot on 7} thing of the sort thought of. I beg to repeat the it“AO AaANK NO 7> j ca at present, as one which becomes more and a* 2 Mas 1COO KT?© 1+: 8 1 ee: AtTttoye aA ewes More necessary: and it should be attended bv a Se pee tu Be) cao To é Ra it ey another, which would ena abl> Administration tO pee z ae eee ly an accurate judgment of the€ propor- :: Tae i f“4*“J1C As‘ I>+ EL--} tion between the food raised and the mouths that this would be very easily done; and if it were tound+1 a rY frre 51° Oy} Weare he WO+1, miit BOUT CPa tt TD BEY COI Ul YCalos the INOUCNS LliUitl= plied out of proportion to the acres of wl eat. it would be sufficiently clear that our situation re- . es“~s 5 4 oy a a| s<¢ 5 ain} 5* f%« ae specting food must ne cessarluy be precarlious.— V7 AT} 5“MaAadt on An hic| eee:;; f“3=>~ 4 What farmer sees his herds and flocks augment- nts mc aoe toe. 4-7 5 eS‘ Hy ae ae Ing, without paying any attention tc increasing Cc)-.~ a 2 the people and acres been aes: pHOLO a te ee ate numbere d ae! i/ YY V9 anCa a yalN In/ 795 V5 and the their food? Had — Se= Late See Waste PAD= Pen oe:{. 7 i<9 One round to increase nothing, but the other ea ee a ee——; aaa aae ee| At lintptniene Lem Oe- LilITG, VY LiO YW ould xC SEL DI i iE at SCal( lf\. a L Lhe ~~~ a —e a [ 84] The conclusions which may be drawn from the PCP whole business are these: I. That an average crop Is between 22 and 24 bushels. Il. That the people increase more than culti- vation extends. III. That the deficiency amounts to above one- third, and therefore accounts for the scar- city, without recurring to any other cause. IV. That the stock in hand last harvest, On an average of the kingdom, was not oreater than common. V. That the parliamentary measures hitherto however merfi- proposed ar insufficient, torious. VI. That the application of oats and barley re- ducing the consumption of wheat, have had effect at pre na and might, with a very extended cultivation of potatoes, complete the remed WIT. That the return of etmnilat SI; iLO hat-the Feruyn Or sitiiites situations Mmidy @ ~— © be expected, with so increasing a popu- lation. VIIL. That the best prevention is— eeneral as possible the system of cottagers and cows; and to tO render as having land for path ee: nass a general inclosure act as speedily as , i not capaite:de without an observation It is the hand of THE which such a subject calls for. Tur ALMicHTy which has au icted the nation$ and he little deserves the name of Chris tian, that does not turn his mind on such occ 4sions to the Great Author of every blessing. On His seasons yt Sea eee we depend for subs istence; and when they are |= uncommonly adverse, it would be idle not to attribute the apparent evil to the inscrutable de- crees of His Divine P Providence. If the spirit of infidelity has increase ed, and men live as without God in the world; if in the discussions and con- ersations that take place on the subject, we never hear a word that tends to recognize that Unseen » Ter no ae LaAlAc-l,; 17¢ A a la 9°~--> Power which holds the world in Its hand; but re- other remedies, as if they could Ae efficacious without His blessing—we may add to the sins that have excited His wrath, an EI inatten- tion to His providence; but we shé all not find such the road to plenty. Proud in wealth, and gorged with prosperity; flourishing amidst a ge- aloft the banners of neral misery, and rearing Be a ie Se: x 4 z Am ae eA: tek a victory and security; poss ssing all the blessings of the Gospel of our Saviour, with peace at ye lie in ruins around us: 1 7 ry Yer.’’ eo 3° while the nations Of /uUrof seeeae ee: T<=] Bee hee 5 —have we been 21 ateful to Heaven for such mighty blessings? Irreligion, luxury, extravagance; and yerpetual dissipation, mark too many} in the higher = A os Or el Bs Fi Be Pee Pa 2 E ee 2‘ ae= ae ralksoft ite: while profligacy, idleness, immot ality, vice, and depredation, the sure effects of neglected i: tT~“<<"i.° ay fe a. a 2 education, prey amongst the lower classes. ire — E 2 our a ae it eel eres“: ee aia WO DO ES A ed 2G bol Seale cd Sr eee te OL SY& for human foog eet ie he Pe ALLEN Mea cee Ym x-sixth more than the seconds, —— a— a z| a = ES rf’) a ce ca~ Cf).° AY a4~~ tf) v4 to eR zz RY! A““(1) 4——? ———— ts C nd dnmad rm SE. fry ¢@>, w\=) he—_.~<-~ zh eS 4>-~~ zh=‘ Ee pont;— foo ed ¢) 8) rs ew 2D 2| paw~~~\ ee| eet fen Cee| cv. 7 wo. pe;- cS a a ee n— et cs on ar= a} a“—--~ 4d' iXes O“~ad a 2 lo bea]&~~ 4 a|\: AS c io_~ A) on=) 4 co“{»“< Pe en| Gq)- ER—~- aed“a eS lao(} rat. 4(ie))° Py oe 7 —— nn| os queens“4’.} ay eo> rf 4 co?|£EN~jad co“ sat, a CS} .»\— bad os=e on lied_}| 4 st 7\ne‘’ J a r#\ e oN~~ r<é—_; rf~~?—4{ cn es o — head wee A)<=.» ar ed op)) od°.—~“— sj— ieee|-") a: 6— e—|.= re ae in)€) C.-_— v eed OS) went feed oF : 5 A)>— sw el-/- re Cc Se 2 o ont pan NN— ra mt ome oj-*.-= ra Re_~ A Pines.— G ea Skeet? gi. GN Sie m4); lo ct D) a —“f) arr~ery A. ot= f) 4 e cy Nu C‘’ 4—_——~.> j ‘(om f= WAT~-~~—=a fa a rag Sf. YU S{) po‘> oe=() ret ra s“4 ails. oa on 4_ a a-~ a 1p)_— ey ee|| eed: ~~~~~ ero> C 4 z: oo ez, ah C)"y ee=) C2—~®=e!.% a~ vo| eed need xa Fa)—_ S= ct| comee| 1) C DH_—4 ie A) Ol) A fH cas ee eee. Bee a ede ON i eat ens ie -»’ ra o la v gaa np ay OS Sho tee. es 1G) ee Bi ah ane kee | Us) om Ne—--~4 s ee—~~: ‘- UV):- os(—> ee|| OD oo yor P es J=.~= A a i ~ wD- Cl y 5| C)() a3 C 2’> 1) et Cc) oo oA~‘ay= C m4 d) cS~~ Oo ry_— Cc Binh/——* aaa> Ew‘yes_ a|}| eon ene ore Te CD CA eit es‘~ sa eee--? a o nw; a Cc 4d 1p 1) nd o— f+ ~ es Q HOterszs, 2 4*,~~ 7 Ai SENSE= Vaats 0 5 ca 0 a oe eer i Or qd) i ch i)@ 4 et Jj“<—~ seh Sy orm Y)~?— ae en.||. psy: f) cD) nn on4 aes \*,’— ned C3 ni» weet LA a A) N74“~~, J Lary td “D) Jet(2) WY| r IZ i<’. rN \|~ oe 2 oad— S on| 4 3—~A A~+~— J j‘a 0)"— 4‘@)~~( f) E- 2\ and—s 4 QW)<—_ 4~ rn.. er? a 7B) r: we bon i oe‘—> Bes ‘=r.—-~—~ C) quedaund—_ pond se} em — mm’—|—_— ct m4 wl; t vis 4\ co rs,= pany cr|‘"“ 4 f) 4 —/ h}( 198 q) oe b f) q) qachund ee ale 4 r ce 2 oe Soe i my YD- 7 f| qd) a——" am,-_—— cr! P) l-‘ a ait— m+., i 2= 5) CO om — reo ems= qd) aay- ioe A) r es)}-: > o—, Wy‘ C po?“ or a) od PS j ad ~ OD~< Smet|/ J. Pomnd-— , ei C) a ame. rr‘. ‘= f fy heres a— a i) C3 e,—.> Ce) A ee= oS) qd)‘re:~ Pa 4‘)°r es; 3»- ey eed" -—«D)“Saif i e WJ oo ey ro_— a_) ce—~ SD,|.‘ rt rs pS ory, ATES<—-+4 eh ed | e—_ ro| qd) leona; me r=™‘4). ae a- f 5; Fn ee ot Se Y) c— 5> pl;.: 51 OO iS(Ae Tei AS. ae, ee! Gy elem) le eae oe ‘( f) a, a ated ee—-- ei. » ae° oo<> tr Sn en| wdend. Cj) i r'“| C 5 ro“ co QJ)~fend- rot al pr of aay’+ rr ~—4 Nm Uf)~~ 4|’ 6')= a| a.~{ oud ¢ a> ue Ct) os P We€ 2~ a/: ned 4 ARS CK Se So SS i>“© Jc= a a Sg 7 io vag pep LA Ald(Bat RV A}(oe) 0£) Bh 2 Tae BY ay Sy) ad LAAK\AT SY LOU‘aN AND BREAD 1, Gi KRIMEN rer BY iit, BRARL OF sw NRE IVION Lh be, r—e— 2 A Px™ rr? ¥ Py 4 rr t ry Ss T> 7 1? ¥7 rae. ia f@ f ry Pity py m7 1 iy he vty pw r\ PRODUCE OF A LOAD OF WHEAT OF FORTY BUSHELS.(RED WHEA?"3 . ce es es~——__—______ hore mr’ \, f\£.+ e rr i+~ ory> } re Seg into IN.D.-—— i ne Stal dard Wheaten flour iS C ros i 7 ae-; 7 TO eMac ment Si sar lq oierenat i fips Rei aA Avate,= mci T co icy Ys/: agirected V Stat, I Geo, 1] Ce OF j, a ot[e,. 9 T> Yr J 9>./ at 3 (through a 20s.) ch Yo Litrerence,; holting.cla:' CO he 6 withou} Ce-©) livy MUALALIR KU IOK ais L i i a vv S OUT mixture OF QiVle oo=“—" rimaes= aig=€¢ siuvan eve sr larn Fl= iro] Riis] 1} Rival ane! ey sion, the whole produce of the Hus!. Tal‘ Adu. O tis eS, DuUSsi). Sal. iD.' | A 7 i< 8,,|; rn|[}- Se cameo che! Meer eet nl AI gy VOT ge 2 5. 4 O{more.);§* grain, the bran or hull thereof DRS Fy)>|,|: SEO Ue eee ie Se ie ee 2 I 2 oO 76 2 I BeCS Sai)| cane| ae Aa a||, Wao Lia only excepted, and shall weich Bran Oe or mee Mee ke Oro mr gc Omir ie] ae RUC 8 Ses) hail re .”: é é¢ re{ wrtive‘ le;. ¢| fe| \ aActR Ai L Z pom, 7 4| t(nree-fourthis(at C ast} OT rie ° y.‘"7 7 > TT): 7|‘; f- 4« | Seta nea ene——'© weight of the wheat whereof is 4 on’ oees°! Ope fh f fa V@1lO NES OF wheat 22Kko/!lhe 49‘ ’ fal Weigne Ui v\ AAC AL ha, IVWJ dh7d 6 E. Ly 4|? 4©] Lo Le 1 73 -&:+ T 42) 42-395 40‘* shall be made. ”» eid‘~.’> tr ViyymMnea9++ es\ry?iyea 2. ry‘]. ry is e T 7 Te. 1» Cc j 4 rv? y It aDDCars trom tis account, that a load Of W neat of$95 iOS, per bushel, qaressed into seconds, j telds Id¢1 4| 7 6s 1 i>‘ Py: ¢‘|~ o.‘? eha 7 ey.;] 1 s\} be ¢ y 1.-= I5 f': Soen} NS ADOur 4-hiths oF the weight of the wheat); and into the standard wheaten 72°25(being about 2 i a> a, 4“a f “449 Zz 5 oO Re HY bry foe a|| vay P.:°. c @rcrmitttye Ne@ wets!) ft r the whanayt~. of!|-tand-> f 0 4' On a} Pr-tweirtns Or the weigit of the wheat), 1n flours so thatthe standard wheaten furnishes a proportion of Cy rol mo t|| PES canny Aa f r] samen| a 8 ove E-SIXC1 more ian tne VeLONUS s Of luman LUOC e a ee pit Si,— Te~~ See e e rr— Ley cS= 5< oy-_=_* x. a‘ Bre~ ~" 7 es. x. c-~* p=;.——? ior re oa ys aie. es— SS a eS. OS> oes 3&= ~ [ 88| (ZARL OF EGREMONT’S EXPERIMENT February ‘§ CONTINUED). 18006 PRODUCE OF FLOUR MADE INTO BREAD. andard Wheaten, Seconds, adresse. Standard Wheaten, seconds, ¢ essed Difference. as above. dressed asa 1b. Klour“. 28 Weight of yeast, water, and salt, mixed with the| flour= Weight of flour and| 3 ingredients- i,+5 Weight of dough 4.3 Loss of weight in dough- Weightofbread hot| 4 from the oven Loss of weight aa‘ baking a Weight of bread 24 38 hours after baking Do. 48 hoursafterdo, 37 Do.72 hoursafterdo. 37 f OZ O 14 be fe Qo 12 II 00VE. Lb. 28 14 42 41 OZe O Os-O 2 52 2 eG 2 33 Owe 2 Ze ao Oo 33 [13 1 9 1 8} yy” :*; 3(). Ree \~— atets Difference 0 0 Z 5 ee gue ab Jf 6 9 q ZL Q O 4: [ 13 rg L 05 CONSUMPTION OF OATMEAL. The three following minutes are of Irish con- sumption:—That a man, his wife, and four child- ren, consumed 4olb. a week of oatmeal; of 208olb. in fifty-two a being 391lb. per head: ‘€ a barrel of oats be four bushels(as fe is GE * 7 wheat), and yields Solb.. meal, it 1s Zolb. for aolb. of cath At this rate the 391!b. of meal 1s the product o1 f 78alb. of oats, which divided by 40, gives 19 bushels and r-half for the c nsumption per head per annum. By aks account, a barrel of oats lasts such a family a week: this, at four bushels the barrel, is 34 bushels per head per annun By a third account, it 1s a ice of oatmeal per diem: this is eleven three-eighth bushels per annum of meal, or twenty-two three-fourths of oats. This account agrees exactly with SmMiruH's estimate. The price of meal in Scotland, and in the north of England, agrees well with his account: that price has been from 4s. 6d. to 5s. a stone« 14lb. while oats have been at 3s. 8d.,&c. per bushel. This implies that a bushel of oats does not yield a stone of meal thzs year; at which pro- portion, the consumption per head per annum must be at least 25 bushels. In Mr. CarHERWoopD’s corn tabl tac| See> i ee. it 3 lt te eaters es& land, Feb. 12, 1800, the average price of oats Is ae ;- AS an] By a(en 7. epee Ee See eos. 11d. per quarter of eight Winchester and that of oatmeal 21s. addition for AQTEES W ith od. per boll, of 128lb. * Scotch troy: it should seem, therefore, to take about eight bushels, or(if at 40lb.) 320lb. of oats, to yield 128 t1 rl pounds of meal, subject to the E Ct ae ea dah eae expence of manufacture. This 5 MI sy=. Ne. Ail; see -—— a No.| A PRICE OF-RICK EN INDIA. In 1795, I made the following minutes from the information of gentiemen pertectly conversant soy ee ee‘OgY foes hoe. With tie Lrade OT inGia. rey 40 are 3S. 10s, per cwt. or one two- 5 thirds tar bing per|b > La O Price of the best mce' m India per cewt.£.:0“5 2 Freight by the Company’s ships—- 6 i2. On © i f In a ts i i In N24 land EO) Glare Rice 1s seldom higher at Calcutta than two c sicca fupeés the bag°of 168lb.; for cargo ric three one-half. It has*been bought in the districts at five mauns the rupee, or 400lb. for 2s. ad. By writing over land in December, it may ar- rive by the beginning of next winter. By writing in September, it might arrive in the April fol- lowing. AT“NI ar\Yorror o~ F 2 vey' W hat peu d have been done in December 179 > could he 4] iD PYerambher TWH: and tol-p~ COUIG BeE*GORe I 4A JCCCRE WEI I” OO 2he to. it pin .~ r ee J: A ae ee ee” rk 2.; tor granted was done by order of government. 2“4 ao Y= 2 ae}>é-’:} os eke the last wheat sowing, as I hope a it has been considered; we may look forward to such an importation with no slight satisfaGion Ree Gene ae- j= At present, there 1s no India rice to be had in London; and that of Carolina is 48s. per cwt. M There L 92] There is no other article of so much importance to keep cheap, and thereby to give the habit of consumption to our poor, asrice. Of what con-+ sequence would the present scarcity be, if we had now enough for one or two month's con- sumption? 7 No. IV: IMPORT OF CORN. IMPORT OF WHEAT FROM 1781, INTO ENGLAND. a we FB sx??? ee~~ ee FF en Oe eh ee Aeeet eat: OPO CRrOcde. Ouarters. 1781 159,766°7 1782 7937786 1783 FOR TOn>2 1794 1735398°0 1785 94,0311 1756 50,587'5 1787 50,467°1 1758 122,240-7 1789 935347°3 1790 216,948°0 179! 4592494 5 1792 22,140°3 1793 482,766°6 ag ae By ite lo Average 193,212°0 *, F~“Awe oan — Sarr gteOC Le. OA) SCI Sriivie’ cee e< pam J, ae a ee een a 5 ee eee,||* ao IMPORTED INTO GREAT BRITAIN. 7: ia Wheat. Wheat Flour. Oats. Oatmeal. Barley| Rye. : Tt: 5: qrs. bs. cwt. qrs.| lbs. qrs. bs.! bolls. IDsem|te. are: bs.| qrs.| bs. —=@ fo,———|| on eS om|—_—) ee comme| ome{| ecm come| eres oo 1794.\\-200,018| 7|| 11,129|© 3|| 845,483| 2|| 21,317| 4 W253 70s 7 i 20,900| O 1795) 237,893 I 9034.47 I 22 4405245 Z 24,250 4.1 17;952 5 1| 11,471| oO 1790|| 818,814| 4 1204.54.05 3 O!} 740,348|} 76,717| 10|i 39,963| 1|] 100,486 id ee|= Ya a tae 1797|| 454,982| 7|| 14,906| 3| a1|! 563,743| 4|} 573043|114|| 64,197| 2 8,257| 6 Bs. E795"|| 394,447| I|) 3982.) 3| 21|| 21,549| 6|| 6e,321$5 j{116,278| 7|| 6,819| 2 ie 1799|| 4725991{ 4|| 60,413 1 I| 20|| 492,423| 6[i 43,307 t421 LOs530} 31 22,044| 4 qrs. bush, Wheat—-—-~— 2,637,047 5 Flour, at 2 bush. per cwt,—- 96,121 oO 6)2,733,968 ¢ Average_ 455,061 o Average import of 1796, 1797, 1798 and 1799,—_ Sac 28 30qrse, Throw all these imports into one mass, and the amount will be found very great: and though any one article may car a small proportion to the total consumption, yet the effect of it in sinking the price must be considerable. €> TL> a> g he= Sse, SSN PER Eas)=. iy ees© Sd SS a ME re lal oe Sm a ee py P| Ve IDort — ert ttm Sa —te——= ING: REGULATION: OF MILES. AN! MARKET : I ith|=~ a The Farl of Foremonr has established a re- whic imitation: he secures to t he CO ch deserves universa* LX om Ke ¢ Ji id mer an abso- lutely fair price of sso proportioned to the price of wheat at the last market day; and this price is what I table = the satisfaction. ascertaine ed a selected; th 1S the town; been ent ite ent di w being an enligh tened and active landlord of the mill: wha practicable on the scale of ment be app may by pari shall call CONSEG Ui It has resul tis thus shewn.to lied to a Jury carefully stuck up immediately in a ence flowing, has ~ f ees 4 ITO, MES > ted e magistrate, and be 4£OWD Of 2000 souls, en millions. al 6 ae wT Mate~ Pe«' ao ie> rr CEB. LoOoG:——MINU EET RESPECTING THE M@DE OF CALEULATING AND ASCERTAINING BHE P R L& EB( F FE L O: tt A at C O U Ly Ai‘BR ay SHA W MI L ca rh> 13] Sh tale onl rentiiie ite, t@) talt 2 fair ave Lhe mrst step requisite, 1s tO ODLain a fair ave- (ne SOE mae, a yf|/ z a 8 See tage of the price of wheat(per load of 40 bushels Win~] esrTe a tT 1\ Vf 1 p TX| kk Vy Inchnest neasure), at the retworth market on >~ te>' bak i} watlUuiddy. Ws ni4th June, whereon to settle a fair av >| wheat usua 7 e383 lly sold at ie ae te. the report of the Cora 774, the seven several ae ae were Ler t founded, _— << —o -“-- [TOM 1S Ale, and :| n to oe ~ i 0 SOULS, ONS, ; Es ks YW ee 6a1ty er bushel founded, CISNCee Lom» Lap) CO U J iv’. ie wh iJ LD>LiIv 3 jy 1]- ee :% 1: NY AXTe?F(7[> axes oil a) Y Me NIWGS He Pivine a ie Ol A Y CTA Ot r) Jit e biert bushel. = é Cc o 1 2‘ER“ry ih pala‘>&; Re 1 ae 2‘ ay, A a crowth of different parts of the kingdom, and as = a{,.~\. if aly 1|] 1E a1) bh ai. 1 the wheats from the clay soil in, the neighbout wna Ae Be turact‘ 7c; a 7 x 2) ght} ark r hood of Petworth, and usually Drougat to marKet rT} ie 7 Ee Ori TT eT“Yt ¢ there, are considerably heavier than the general ve yf the kingdom at large, it may be fau \ CTa S Of the 2 ae ao ha+ AL& SSS Pte, LY\U 4 Et eget oe oT to take their weight at from 56lb. to 62lb. Ee — 7> fF< TIFO, a“a 2 bushel, giving an average or medium of solb. Ly y set at nee+* ar~ ae‘;? per bushel; if this, on further examination, A ~ if~~+ Al ,e| oe: Bat ER: om?~: Sa bs b S at‘ ad Ol] pe tOuUnC LOO bilge il, t mignt IStSC E a se VY tHler- and thatn Kea farmen 14 millei>and that may be formed on some such com- putation as the following; whereon it may be ob he items except the last, are x diminished by wheat; as it seems rr{77 rt nr4 e | am ox r” Cc) r= GD ES) bog | ~ | ad’ pe OO. 2) ee : oe Ne ctr bed@ re } ~ CD 2+ pat oP) (a) C. ry unreasonable that the proht of the miller should Ey i Sees aes(© ea WMmGHeecl. ail d the price raised on the public, in times of scarcity, except only on his expendi- -: Q ee; 3 7°:© Sa ce of the commodity; on which, ;-_“ie eal Seg~ey. LN eee a ee a SH as a oreater canital will be demanded to procure Grinding and dressing, per load— 2OUCTOLG place distant from the mill, in small quan. tities, and the loss of weight ee thereon; and the risque of loss by bad debts sea eee J , Profit or commission, per load 2, Delivery out at Petworth, or at any othe) \ O ) © . he (Mr. Date states the commission at 22 per cent. but this —~> 73472~~>/”+. e seems too much; for the reasons above stated, it oucht t an? At ifs yak TH no} to denend “a Ba Wide f \ i}{ i t| k ft) Bi!| i Whe e AE 16 ‘a it i| Ha[ Y] . ie! i} ASE t. P i inh depebd on the price of wheat; and taking rs]. per load ag 2 eu hi i), fair medium price, the commission at 24 per cent. would be > il| i 2 ih! 78s. 6d. per load.) P: }: rice 4. A per centage of 24 on the average of wheat on Hi| Wh the preceding market-day(which gives cl.| a i per cent. interest On the capital, supposing| Ded HAHA| the price, one part with another, to be re-. ah| i turned to the miller within six months from|“Gili y{ i Saad» OPuil 4 his purchase of the wheat.) i ee, j To this must be added the price of the wheat;| 2 ) Via La and after a deduction therefrom of the value of the“per ASAE bran, the result will be the selling price of the Atel flour produced from the load of wheat., | It will then be necessary to ascertain what an number of bushels of flour, of a given dressing, : ro aload of average wheat ought fairly to produce;' and the dividing the price of the load by that Bee a ns number of bushels, will give the price per bushel. Thus by way of recapitulation and explanation: I Suppose the price of a load of wheat to be 27]. a PI and that it be dressed into standard wheaten flour; and suppose the medium weight of a r bushel of wheat to be s9lb. which gives for the Price be reipht of the load-- 7 2 Ib.| wee|| 2360 Dedu | And by attual experiment will produce of four 2163 be |' Bran 170 Dedy || Waste 27 pe qi—— 2360 } The account will stand as under:| Sell Allowance to miller for, The ]| 3. Grinding and dressing, per load—£.0:10+0| y va, 2. Delivery out at a distance ard in small quan-| Ic | tities, and loss of weight consequent on the$ 0 120 i Jatter, and risque of loss by bad debts—| yet Dushel, Dlanation: i to be 27. ] rd wheaten Biehrune lent Of 4 A ves for the Ib, 1360 OF,| teas fin as de 3. Profit or commission—— OF G50 4. 24 Per cent. interest on capital of 271,~~ 136 Allowance to miller—— 2. 06 Price of wheat——— 27.0.0 259°"o 6 Deduét value of 17olb. of bran at 163.6d, per bushel of 32lbs.——— cee _ Selling price of the flour of the load of wheat-—£.23 12 6 This flour being 2163lbs.==38 5-8th bushels, costing 28]. 12s. 6d. will give a selling price per bushel of 14s. g3d.am per gallon 1s. roid. The same account, as applicable to seconds flour, instead of standard wheaten, will be as under: lb. Produce of a load of wheat, of sglb. to the busliel,} Se: weighing—— ooo oo se lb. In seconds flour——— 1851 Pollard——— I21 Bran———— 339 Waste——— 49 Price of a load of wheat, and miller’s allowance, as 29© GO before——-—~~ Deduét value of 121]bs. pollard, at§s.: per bushel(of 561b.) chai bho ao oe Dedutt value of 339lbs. bran at 1s. 6d.= per bushel(of 321b.)= hho 15 104 -~ 1 6§ on Selling price of the flour of the load of wheat—- 27 13 Io The flour being 185 lbs.—= 33 bush. 3b. costing 27], 13s. 10d. will give a selling price per bushel of 16s, od.or per gal- lon 2s, 1d,| Differ- ~ om ' ; [ig Bs| Difference of price of seconds, more than standard wheaten: per gall, / bil ag 5 es a tee Seconds flour—= Oro 20 On a al Standard wheaten—— 0 14 92 Ox 10; . 7.~ Seconds more than sta indard wheateno I liz 0,10: 124 NI RB. The average weight of a bushel of =o 2 ize- i qu Y¥ wi wi a> Ve Vist c LJ SLL yd“> f-? a: a ATTA CA LTO—_, A 1f*L—> oe ed|- c] wheat. and 1ts average produce 1n flour, should be ta~~ 1 ae<~~=a Fr Or4 ae ry~+ o ar: sal~ 1 fo } IU raat ef 11 Cx L/S 3 bibied Lit 5 and li, On the result Of + at* a aie ,OoOnT 4.| AO‘ ies>> rhat experiment, those articles, or if pan‘ rther » sms should demand. —" ~— OD mt — o_—e ‘@)) oe eee a| a." 4 eet Lili J. any of the Or to be corrected, that correct ion may fea idily be aD c Ese ree seed= c L Peed I made; but the principie Or ine calculation will LINTainsc Stlil LJLailsidrde EXAMPLE. ~~= mae es'———~ oe— ss ‘ Ave erage e|} i:Our. Breud’ of wheat|——————n——e—noeo~| per gallon loaf. Date jper load Wheaten Stand.| Seconds. pore =e a eae pos WOE L, mle ls i| E W heaten| ceconds ibu ahels)| per bs.\per gall.|| per bs. qian gall.| Stand. | i ee a Se oh —_—| ee mee oe ——— | 1800.|£. s.|5. dls 4, hi Pee eo her se. March rst,\29 r5;16 4|2 OF18 4\2 33) 2 2|e 5 Sth, 127 5\15 oli 10s,17- O12 Iy) 2 O? 3 pes i),~ IL a||! Lt r5th,\27 aE, oli 105\!/ O|'}Z Is| Z O Z 3 1 Prices of Grinding at Coultershaw Mull. per load per bushel. J he Se a ee Se ae W heat== O* TO""O O Wheat and rye mixt qi roo O Wheat and barley mixt 010 O O O / / he result of , On further uld demand r readily be lation will —_—-— Bread, 1f{ i per gation iOal, . 1.(seconds ofand.| in t, ff d, | t ae So t 1 0 9 | I 2702 3 fr.\\ | pli 9 0| q 0| oO 4 ly a) [ 99| per bushel. | fe tom Barley--=-=F 50 Oe Oats---~ Si 4Oe Pie Peas-~- Sib Se OE a5 Beans=--- Ee ORIG Barley and rye mixt-- OO sy Barley and peas mixt——-- nih Catone Barley and beans MmrExts 7S- 2 og OF 06 Barley and oats mixt->- 0162 Olay Oats and peas mixt.- ee a Oats and beans mixt-- Hoy Oany REMARK. The first observation likely to be made on such an account is, that a Nobleman of great and well- merited influence, can effect things on his own estate, which would be impracticable to apply to a whole kingdom; and thus the laziness of man- kind is ever converting difficulties into impossibi- lities. To go through all the steps necessary to precede an A& of Parliament which should effect shied 1. aie ih F ah io= oe ry>{ ao TY»a7T. this blessing to the kingdom, would demand expe- a eae ol@ a CAS< 4 DAPORATTATFIAN f Q ya 4°$ 1 Y riments, detail, and perseverance, ane probably aes a| om ff 4- mW i a cog.] a 4. lam’; e o~~©:~—~/ f 4- b could not be so well done in a Committee of the = Va io:.r; Le a-~y° Llouse of Commons as 1 entrusted to a Public PR SAT D. a“4.+|’ AXTC erat haepy“~} ot Board. Parish mills have often been demanded, and A A ey Bee ae(T.2..6 hare heer Se 3 2 ae wherever tried, the effects have been excellent; wh not attach parish ovens to them, lett toa muller ana }-” x~— ¢ AL 5. rep be a>~~ 4~~* baker, under articie crounded on the same pfin- N ciple eee a ane| Bi ; | | fi [160°%f ciple as guided the Earl of EcREMontT in his apreement with the Coultershaw muller? Where there is water, a water-mill; where none, a wind- mill: where parishes are large, by a single pa- rish: where small, three or four uniting; and the union to depend on population. In village districts, the parishes to deliver corn by weight to the miller, and the baker to sell bread propor- tionably to the price of corn. There do not appear to be any insuperable difficulties in such a plan, which, if made coercive, would have great effets; but as to leaving it voluntary, it would then be worth neither experiment, detail, nor perseverance to produce. I do not compre- hend the system of employing wisdom, talents, and persevering industry to frame laws, and then leave their acceptance to ignorance, stupidity and negligence: intended for the benefit of one class, distressed by prices; and to be rejected by ano- ther, to whom those prices are so much profit. FINIS. _—.- aay T in his Where Published by the Author of this Pamphlet, and to be had of the ,2 Wind- same Booksellers. ingle ue 1. The Example of France a Warning to Britain. 4th edit. ng; and price 4s.; and Abridgment, price 21. 2s. a hundred. n Village 2, An Idea of the present State of France, and on the Conse- | Weight quences of the Events passing in that Kingdom. 2d edit. | propor:; 1s. 6d. > do not| 3. The Constitution Safe without Reform. Is. In such 4 4. National Danger, and the Means of Safety; containing a ave great Plan for a General Arming of Men of Property. 2d edit. 1s.-Ods itary, it| 5. Travels through France, Spain and Italy. 2d edit, 2 vols. [, detail, 4.t0o. 71. cS. compre: oe ie ia 6. An Inquiry into the State of the Public Mind amongst the talents, Lower Classes; in a Letter to Mr. Wilberforce. is. nd then 7. Annals of Agriculture, in 34 vols. price 17]. 17s. in boards. lity and Continue publishing in monthly numbers, ne class,*.* The Editor presumes to inform Gentlemen who have not by and: become Subscribers to this Work, that it contains the profit completest Colleétion that ever has been made, of important Public Documents relative to the Corn Laws; Bread; {nclosing, and other objects that respect Agriculture; such as Reports of Council, and Committees of the House of Commons; Bills brought into Parliament;‘Tables of Prices, Export and Import,&c. and whatever can tend to ren. der it highly useful to recur to for the last seventeen years; and should it be encouraged sufficiently to continue, will be such a repository of information, in the Legislation, Theory and Praétice of Agriculture, as no other Nation ever possessed. eo..e eo eee-—~—-—_—-—~auss Printed by B. 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