.
—
——
nT
1034 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Piast:
r 7388, The dwellinghouse of the master; this in a nursery for local demand, and in which public attrac. ion is an object, ought to be placed near the road; and at the same time as centrically as possible in other respects. In general, the living-rooms ought to be elevated so that their windows may command as far as practicable, the whole nursery; but, at all events, the following objects, more or less;—:
1339. A seed-shop and counting-house or office, which should be connected with the house for the master’s convenience; but, at the same time, have each distinct entrances. The counting-house should have a good clock, and a rope or chain communicating to a bell placed over, or in some conspicuous situation for regulating the hours of labor; also a speaking-pipe to the packing-court and centre of the hot-houses.
7340, A journeyman’s living-room, and a number of sleeping-rooms forthe whole or a part of the jour- neymen employed by the year, or otherwise, communicating with the packing-court, or in some cases on a small scale, occupying part of the ground-floor of the house. From this appendage should be a speak- ing-pipe and bell to communicate with the counting-house and the master’s sleeping-room.:
7341. A tool-house, sufficiently commodious and properly arranged, communicating with the seed-shop. The tools should be at least weekly examined by the foreman before paying the men. The larger num- ber-sticks or tallies, not in use, should also be kept here.
7342. A museum and herbarium-room, in which models(in plaster, Roman cement, or papier maché) of all the fruits, and dried specimens of all or most of the plants grown in the nursery, should be kept, in order to show to purchasers, in seasons when the plants to be purchased are not in fruit or in flower.
7343, Packing-sheds, surrounding a part or three sides of a packing-court, one of these being open to, or commanded by, the windows of the office and common living-room of the house. Over these should be a range of seed and store lofts.
7344. A stable, cart-shed, cowhouse, and pigsty, if such conveniences are desired, communicating on one side with the packing-court, and on the other with the wall: a coal-shed, a horsedung-heap, and other similar objects in the back area of the dwellinghouse.
_ 7345. A store-ground, or laying-in-ground, three or more times the size of the packing-court, in which to inhume the roots of plants taken up, to be ready for sale or packing.
7346. A plot for the hot-houses, square, octagonal, or polygonal in the circumference or boundary, and the central part for the pits, and all the framing, hand-glasses,&c. with space sufficient for setting out the green-house plants during summer. If the whole boundary cannot be at once, or perhaps not at all, covered with glass, the naked part may be a wall for training fruit-trees, and the north border for auricula frames or stages, striking cuttings,&c. But in a general nursery, the whole of the boundary of a square may be very properly covered with glass, facing the centre; that of northern aspect being well adapted for striking plants, and preserving, or retarding such as are in flower. The exterior of this boundary line should be arranged for pots, potting, tan-furnace, and general working sheds; or, if this be not wanted on the south side, that part of the wall may be devoted to the training of fruit-trees.
7347. d compost-ground for different sorts of earths, gravel, manure, and the rubbish-heap.
7348. A rotting-ground for depositing tree-seeds, in layers of sand or ashes, in order to rot off their ex- ternal coats, and promote the decay of nuts or other hard covers of seeds.(6979.)
7549. A parterre for the culture and display of such of the border and florists’ flowers as are grown in the nursery, and for a specimen of rock-work, a flower-stage, aquarium, apiary, and covered seat for visitors.
7350. The main area of the nursery should be laid out, as nearly as the circumstances will admit, in parallelograms, of any convenient dimensions, but not wider than the ordi- nary length of a garden-line, say under 150 feet, which allows of a row sufficiently long for any purpose.‘The chief reason for the parallelogram form is, that all rectangular figures are most easily cultivated and measured, and the reason for their being all of the same size is, in order that the master may readily, after a little experience, form a toler- ably accurate idea of the quantity of every kind of nursery labor requisite for a plot of this shape and size.‘Thus, supposing each division to contain half an acre; then one man will dig it in one day, trench it in two days, hoe it, if in wide rows, in a fourth of a day, if in narrow rows, in half a day. A woman, if in beds, will weed it, if very thick of weeds, in two days; if thin of weeds, in one day, and so on.‘The compartments should, as much as possible, be cropped with one general class or kind, and by rotation. As, for example, for seven years: 1st, Break up from grass with turnips after trenching; 2d, Transplanted forest trees, two years; Sd, Green crop, one year; 4th, Annual flowers, for seed, one year; 5th, Seedlings, one year; 6th, Transplanted fruit-trees, four years; 7th, Bedded thorns, two years; and soon. Some compartments must be set apart for common stools; and if the circumferential borders are not sufficient or proper for stools of rare or peculiar sorts, others must be contrived by means of hedges, pales, or walls, to produce shelter and shade for cuttings, fit situations for bog-earth borders, American stools, bog plants in general, and similar purposes. If the borders are all of the same width, say ten or twelve feet, it will simplify all future calculations as in the compartments.
7351. A grand central, and a circumferential walk, with some cross walks, should be contrived to display the whole nursery to the best advantage. A narrow or common sized border should accompany these walks, excepting where the broad circumferential border comes in; and in the narrow borders should be displayed single specimens of all the more rare trees and shrubs grown either from seed, or by other means, for sale, and of all the perennial, biennial, and annual border-flowers sold to the public in the form ot plants, roots, or seeds. Those may be excepted which are grown in the flower-garden, rock-work, and aquarium.
7352. A nursery-orchard should be formed of some compartments near the house; and in these, one or better two plants of each of all the hardy standard fruit-trees should be planted, in order to come into bearing, and admit of proving the kinds; and from which alone the grafts and buds should be taken,(unless on the introduction of new and valuable sorts, in which case such grafts as can be got must be taken till some of the progeny moved
to the nursery-orchard come into a bearing state,) which are to be used in the nursery. This
Boos Iv.
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735%» pe as ne days 10 compart
7954. shrubs; forest tr admit of wood hed "1955s eminenic added t0 in appea case Is{ whole ¢ or stra diges; fect, th galll fe)
7356, 7 regular sf ture, the grand ), and th
in pits and ‘The outsid for pr arrived at retum(i, i, walk, till it air, with and Americ elevated bri it till it ter posed of as of bog-eart
for a certal of the space no internup!
yaths may occur here wishing t proceed a wind alo tion(m), tains an not befo neglected Species CO specimen, tural size ; beh stools for| for graft next two are devote tion of th till sold ¢ This mn trouble at once| chaser th iS to get, that he j progeny, the trees shrubs, ai of the and. roses, the ends ¢ ate let ha Into the Oblique 1 their ends Vata fa
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Boox LV. COMMERCIAL GARDENS. 1035
orchard should be surrounded by a wall, on which to grow specimens of such sorts of plums, cherries, and pears, as do not ripen well as standards; the hardier sorts of grapes and peaches, nectarines, and apricots. The tenderer sorts of vines, and some few snchene which are tender in the northern counties, may be grown, one of a sort, under each aia in the range of hot-houses.
7353. The compartments for stools of every description, and the borders for cuttings, should be as near the house as possible, as on these, men are employed a greater number of days in the year than on any other of the compartments, and therefore it is desirable such compartments should be more immediately under the eye of the master.
7354. EFruit-tree and seed-bed compartments should come next; then transplanted shrubs; next young forest trees transplanted; and, in the most distant parts, the larger forest trees, as requiring least culture of all. But a proper attention to rotation will not admit of this arrangement being completely attended to; and to keep the ground in good heart is as essential to success as keeping the men at work.
7355. In some of the principal nurseries which have risen to their present degree of eminence by degrees; and where consequently one building or additional object has been added to another as wanted, without having any general plan in view, the greatest confusion in appearance, and a considerable loss of labor, is the final result. The best way in such a case is to pull down great part of the hot-houses and outbuildings, and re-arrange the whole on some plan which will admit of a regular tour of inspection, either by the master or stranger-visitants. A fine example of this has recently been given by Messrs. Lod- diges; whose arrangement, and mode of displaying the whole to strangers, is sO per- fect, that the time saved in conducting visitors through the premises will be no small gain.
7356. The Hackney nursery(fig. 736.), or commercial botanic garden, affords an example of a small i regular spot, laid out both with due consideration as to effect, botanical science, and Sey aoe ture. The entrance(a) leads to the range of hot-houses, and commences with the stoves(d) ee ares the grand palm-house(c), thence to the dry-stove bulbs, and other articles(d), to the double Careline m4 (e), and the green-house plants(f). The area enclosed by these buildings is devoted to the SHS 5s sare in pits and frames, to beds of rare American and herbaceous plants, and to collections in pots rez iy f p. ants "The outside space on the north side(g) is used as a depository for soils, pots, and other a we of cule ox sale: for propagating-pits(2), and nurseryeplantations of delicate articles."The visitant ee: ones arrived at the end of the artificial climates, next enters on the course of the arbo- 2 retum(i, i, 2), which is arranged alphabetically, and occupies one side of a winding /“ walk, till it has exhausted all the trees and shrubs, which will grow in the open pe
elevated bridge, and entering an irregular piece of ground, winds round it till it terminates in an American ground in the centre(7), com- posed of a series of revolutions of grass-walks, with intervening beds of bog-earth, displaying a complete collection. The arboretum alphabet is only carried along the right hand of the arboretum walk(i, 2, i), and on the left hand is a complete collection of roses for a certain length, and then herbaceous plants for the rest of the space. The beauty of this arrangement is, that there is no interruption to the series when once entered on, while at the same time any of the genera along the winding“7 paths may be gone to at once by small paths, which J occur here and there across the borders. A visitant wishing to see the American collection only, will proceed at once to its commencement(2), and wind along it till he arrives at its termina- tion(m), and so on. The arboretum con- tains a number of species and varieties not before introduced, or hitherto neglected in this country. Every species commences with a named specimen,!eft to attain its na- tural size and shape next the walk; behind, in a line, are stools for laying or stocks for grafting, and the next two or three lines are devoted to the recep- tion of the young plants till sold or disposed of. This mode saves much trouble in culture, and at once shows the pur- chaser the sort of tree he is to get, and assures him that he is getting its real progeny. The names of the trees and American shrubs, and the numbers of the herbaceous plants and roses, are painted on the ends of bricks, which>, are let half their length= SXY. into the ground, in an- oblique manner, so as~~ their ends may meet the= eye at a favorable angle.
7357. Of florists’ gardens there are two sorts; the first for the purpose of forcing flowers in pots, for draw- ingroom gardens, and raising others in the open air for the flower-mar- ket; the second for the propagation and culture of florists’ flowers, in order to vend their bulbs and plants. Both should be situated near a large town, as a market for the produce of the first kind; and to ensure visitors to the flower-shows of the second. A low situation, if possible near the
—~sea, but at all events‘with a humid Aun atmosphere, is to be preferred for the "2a culture of bulbs; and no florists
ee Ie ee OO let ee
1036 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Pakb TIT
flower will thrive in an atmosphere impregnated with coal-smoke. Very little skill is requisite for laying out either of these gardens to those who understand the culture they require. The hot-house, pit, and frame departments should be kept togéther; close to them the compost, dung, and tan grounds or sheds; next the ground where pots of roses, &c. are plunged; and the least near parts remain to be devoted to the culture of flowers or flowering shrubs in the open ground. For the conveniency both of culture, without treading on the plants, and of gathering the flowers, the whole is generally laid out in beds, sometimes with box-edgings, but more commonly without any, which for bulbs and plants to be annually removed, admits of more effectual culture.
7358. Market-gardens are of two kinds; those cultivated by manual labor, and those wholly or in part by the plough. In choosing a fit situation for a market-garden, regard must not only be had to the requisites for a good kitchen-garden, as to shelter, soil, water,&c.(2382. to 2430.), but to the probable market-kind of produce to be grown, &e.‘The extent must depend jointly on these circumstances and the capital to be em- ployed.‘The smallest extent of surface and capital is that in which a man performs the whole of the labor himself, and this so entirely depends on the articles cultivated, the nature of the soil, and mode of culture, that it may vary from one to two acres, and where grain and seed crops are introduced, to a greater number. As to the quantity of ground which a man of capital may manage by this way, no limits can well be as~ signed to an active and vigilant master. Some London gardens of this description, en- tirely cultivated by manual labor, exceed 100 acres. In laying out a market-garden there cannot be said to be any thing peculiar: the general points of order, distinctness of compartments, and keeping the plots as much as possible in squares and parallelograms, are of obvious importance.
7359. Public orchards are of various kinds; garden-orchards, where the ground is cul- tivated and cropped with culinary vegetables or small fruits; arable orchards, where the trees are in rows, and the spaces between in aration; and pasture-orchards, where the trees are scattered over pasture-lands. In fixing on a situation for either kind, the three chief points are soil, sub-soil, and shelter, which have been already considered in treating on private orchards, as well as the planting and kinds of fruit-trees.
7360. Physic or herb-gardens, if for growing aquatic herbs, as mint, should be situated in a low moist soil; if for aromatic herbs, as lavender, rosemary,&c. on a dry poor soil; and if for roses and similar plants, for producing flower-leavyes, for the distiller, the soil should be loamy and rich. In laying out this kind of garden, the only point in which skill is requisite, is the contrivance of a system of irrigation for the mints.
7361. Seed-gardens, or seed-farms, require a dry soil; and two should never be situated together, if destined for the same sorts of seeds. All the art in them consists in cropping, so as to ensure seeds true to their kind. Indeed, the culture is by far the most important consideration, not only in this, but in the four preceding descriptions of public gardens; and this is still more the case with respect to gardens for peculiar crops, as for the bulbs of white lily, rhubarb-roots, licorice,&c. which, as to laying out, require no further notice.
Cnar. V. apie bad a Y 5 Of the Practitioners of Landscape- Gardening.
7362. The practice of landscape-gardening has been thought such a simple business, that every proprietor might perform it for himself. The same thing, indeed, may be said of the practice of medicine, law, or cookery, for every one can prescribe a cure, decide a quarrel, or boil anegg.‘‘ Had the art of laying out grounds,” Repton observes, « still continued under the direction of working-gardeners or nurserymen, the proprietor might supersede the necessity of such landscape-gardeners, provided he had previously made this art his study; but not(as it is frequently asserted,) because the gentieman who constantly resides at his place must be a better judge of the neans of improving it, than the professor, whose visits are only occasional; for if this reason for a preference were granted, we might with equal truth assert, that the constant companion of a sick man has an advantage over his physician. Improvements may be suggested by any one; but the professor only acquires a knowledge of effects before they are produced, and a facility in producing them by various methods, expedients, and resources, the result of study, observation, and experience. He knows what can and what cannot be accom- plished within certain limits. He ought to know what to adopt, and what to reject; he must endeavor to accommodate his plans to the wishes of the person who consults him, al- though in some cases they may not strictly accord with his own taste.”(Observ. on Landsc.
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Book IV. PRACTITIONERS OF LANDSCAPE-GARDENING. 1037
Gard. p. 10.) A more wise plan than that of doubting on the subject would be to have the separate opinions of different landscape-gardeners and architects; for no opinion need be followed if disapproved of; while the probability is, that there would be some- thing valuable in each, and the proprietor might finally, aided by the artist he preferred, decide for himself, never, however, forgetting the idea of a consistent and beautiful whole. As to the expense of opinions, Girardin observes on this subject,“ N’allez pas le regarder—il vous en coitera bien davantage pour des variations, et des retouches continuelles.””
7363. The intimate connection between landscape-gardening and architecture; the pro- priety and advantage of the joint consultations of the landscape-gardener and the architect, as to the situation, aspect, and style of the house; together with the almost unavoidable encroachments of the former on the latter, by designing and executing garden-buildings, has given rise to an opinion, that the landscape-gardener ought to combine the functions of the architect. Repton justifies the idea, by referring to the many excellent houses built by Brown, with no other knowledge than that acquired by observation of all the best houses; and of Kent, who was at once landscape-gardener, architect, and historical painter. We are of opinion, that in the case of garden-build- ings and small villas, or ornamented cottages, the knowledge both of the theory and practice of architecture, which it is necessary every landscape-gardener should possess, may sometimes enable him to combine the duties of both professions; but such are the advan- tages of a division of labor in the fine, as well as in the useful arts, that in all more exten- sive buildings, and indeed even in those we have mentioned, we would recommend the em- ployment of a regular architect, jointly with a landscape-gardener, as a surgeon consults with a physician in important cases.— The duties of the landscape-gardener resolve them- selves into the formation of a plan or design, and the carrying of it into execution.
Sect. I. Of the Study of the given Situation and Circumstances, and the Formation of a Plan of Improvement.
7364. Whatever may be the situation and circumstances where the opinion of a land- scape-gardener is desired, he should be furnished with a written or verbal instruction as to the points to which he should chiefly direct his attention; with a complete map of the estate, and an accurate detailed history and description of its localities and peculiarities. From these, from topographical and county surveys, and a residence of a few days or weeks, according to the extent of the subject and season of the year,(spring, before the leaves expand, being the most favorable time,) he will be able to procure every requisite information, and to establish in his memory every thing relating to the situation and vicinity. He is then, and not before, to embody and mature his ideas of improvement; directing his attention first to the situation and aspect of the house and offices, the extent of the park, and the emplacement of the kitchen-garder; next to the general masses of wood; and then, successively, to the breadth of lawn, the situation and character of water, the pleasure-ground, farra, and other details. Before making up his mind on any part of the subject, he will often find it of importance to have sections taken of the grounds in different directions, levels of springs, and rills,&c.; and most frequently he will have occasion for stakes, for marking out lines on the ground; of flagstafis or poles, from six to fifty feet high, to represent the effect of trees(fig. 737.) and other objects; of strips
of white sheeting, to show the effect of water, by forming a white outline on a perfect level; of frames partially covered with boards, to show the effect of buildings; and he may even require boring-irons, or pits dug, in order to enquire into the nature of the sub- soil. Being furnished with a plan of the present state cf the grounds,(such as fig. 351.) he will, as he makes up his mind on particular improvements, mark them down on this map in pencil, and when the whole is finally adjusted, he will put them in red, or in any distinguishing color. And on one or more general or panoramic views(fig. 355.), as well as on the particular views which he may have taken on different spots, he will also mark
IV.
1038 5 JIN DN
3 PRACTICE OF GARDENING. Pant ITI, A 5;“nfo, unless in red the outlines that will be made by the improvements adapted to the different situ- a Jabot
ations. In addition to these, he will show the effect, by geometrical sections taken in var], B different directions across the grounds(fig. 349.), to show the ground’s surface. His|
"( <::‘. é 5; muted by ¢ next Operation is to make a vertical profile(figs. 353, 354.}, showing the effect of- differ the whole, supposing the alterations to be fifteen or twenty years completed, with cor- fe and
responding, panoramic, or general views(fig. 355.), and with particular landscapes,
7365. It remains for him to give reasons in writing for all that he proposes; a practice which no employer or artist should ever omit to have done, as such opinions remain as data, to be referred to concerning the management and future effects; as well as in point of present or future justification of the taste, both of the artist and proprietor.
journeyms error In& suppose a changing
5: A::::- amount J This may be done in the following order: 1. Recapitulating the given instructions;«- ..>. em.=.©.. 0 2. The characteristic features, and other details, of the given situation and vicinage; er
3. A description of, with the reasons for, the general outline of improvement; 4. The description of, with the reasons for the detail; 5. An outline of the future management; 6. Directions for the execution; and, 7. An estimate of the expense,‘ts show
7366. In all these discussions proper references will be made to the maps and sketches. ee 3,| Simple language will of course be employed in describing future effects; but, above
... a.,. cas Sy e all, simple sketches, which shall owe little of their effect to shading, and none to color- re ing, or finishing, are essentially necessary. ana
in Whe 7367. Girardin seems to have been the first who suggested this mode of obtaining an opinion systematically; certain k and his remarks on the fallacious effect of beautiful drawings instead of outlines, are well deserving of atten- ae: tion.“ Vous tacherez méme que cette esquisse ne soit qu’un simple trait, et ne présente d’abord que les extensive formes principales des objets, et la disposition générale des grandes masses de votre ensemble. Un dessein generally bien finie ne manquera pas de vous séduire par V’agrément de la touche d’un habile artiste; vous vous fanres. 0 détermineriez d’aprés un dessein dont vous ne réussiriez peut-étre pas 4 obtenir l’effet dans la nature, et rentes, il faut bien mieux avoir 4 gagner qu’a perdre dans l’exécution.”’ years; al 7363. Repton has the merit of first employing this system elegantly and extensively in England, and barriers of adopting, instead of one entire landscape to show the previous taste, and another to show the effect of ae 2 the alterations, a slip of paper of the size and shape of those parts of the landscape which require alteration. 1374.| This is fixed at one edge of the entire landscape, and lies flat over part of it, so that when lifted up it every othe
shows the full effect. It must be confessed, however, that, though an elegant mode, it is not perfectly
3“ A°. 2. ral ove fair, since the view in which the cut paper forms a part can never look so well as the other, even from ee
the mere circumstance of the bounding line of the paper. For some cases, however, it may be used, ner incom) though in general it will be found, that two entire landscapes afford the most impartial means of judging Country-Re
of the effects of an improvement. The discussion and sketches of the place, and improvements being finished, and bound in a book, the ground or working plan is to be put on canvass, or copied on parch- ment, for the common use of the gardener, or whoever sets out the work; and the profile put on rollers, to be preserved along with the book of notitia. These being delivered to the proprietor, he will determine, after mature deliberation, whether or not he will adopt the whole, or any part of the improvements, previously consulting those friends whose taste or judgment he considers adequate to forming a judicious opinion on the whole, or any one part of the subject.‘* Lorsque V’esquisse de votre ensemble sera faite, alors vous réfiécherez, vous concerterez, vous discuterez avec des gens de gout, l’ordonnance générale de la disposition qu’elle yous présente.’’ In this example of forming a plan, we have had in view a dull and nearly flat site, where nothing has been done; but it is evident that the same general principles are ap- plicable to such places as are to be altered, diminished, or enlarged.
7369. By a general plan, accompanied by others more detailed, of the kitchen-garden, pleasure-grounds, terrace,&c. and by the explanatory details of the book of notitia, any gardener of ordinary intelligence may execute the most intricate design, and if this design has been carefully formed from inspecting the premises, and proper general views have been minutely taken from different points, the landscape-gardener may show the effect
of future improvements with confidence, and leave behind him the Notitia, or Book of tude; Improvements, or, in other words, such plans, sections, views, and written instructions, ples wt as may enable the gardener gradually to produce them, with nearly as much certainty as Ones an architect directs a builder to raise an elevation of masonry. Distantly situated pro- Tuture pro prietors, ambitious of displaying some refinement of ideas on rural matters, might in this way first procure, and then work to a general plan; instead, as is often the case at pre- sent, of working according to their own crude notions; and producing scenes which afford no pleasure to any one but their owner, and only to him whilst he remains in statu quo as to taste. Secr. II. Of carrying a Plan into Execution.
7370. Whether a plan be carried into execution by contractors, or by the proprietor at his own risk, must depend on circumstances, both respecting the knowledge, taste, and 1316, 1 leisure of the proprietor, and the nature and extent of the improvements. Where an en- the former tire new house and grounds are to be created, an eminent substantial contractor for the only be leg buildings, and another for the ground operations, will be found the most speedy and dticatons certain as to expense; the work, in both cases, being liable to be regularly examined at a source of stated periods by a neutral surveyor, accompanied by the original designers of the im- the state« provements. If this mode is not adopted, the whole or greater part may be done under hreland a the eye of the owner and his steward; various, and as many parts as possible, being let mlesonal
by the job. We shall take a cursory view of the chief objects of alteration or addition; and indicate some things in each, which may in most cases be more profitably done by the job, premising, that whenever the cost or intricacy of any piece of work is consider-
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Parr IV. STATISTICS OF BRITISH GARDENING. 1039
able, unless a contractor of some respectability is employed, the work is much better done by the laborers of the proprietor.
7371. Buildings. All alterations or new erections may be readily estimated and exe- cuted by contract, and, almost in every case, at less expense to the proprietor. The mere difference between the trade price and the gentleman’s price of the materials and labor, and between the hours kept, and quantity of work done in a given time by< journeyman to a master-tradesman and to a gentleman, will(if the former should, by error in estimating, find no other gain), afford a certain profit to the tradesman; and thus, suppose a contractor to estimate a piece of work at 1000/., and which the proprietor, changing his mind, instead of letting to the contractor, executes himself, and finds the amount 1100/., the contractor, had he got the job, would have actually had a profit, and the owner been a gainer of 100/. The mansion, domestic and farming offices, garden- walls, and hot-houses, may all be separately contracted for.
7372. Ground. The removal of ground, fences, or digging, may in every case be let by the job, and with decided advantage to both parties. The extent of particular con- tracts should, of course, be in proportion to the responsibility of the contracting parties.
7373. Planting. The enclosures and the preparation of the soil may, in all extensive cases, be executed by contract; but the planting or insertion of the plants, on which so much depends, should uniformly be done by day-work; excepting, however, those cases in which a respectable nurseryman will engage to put in a certain number of plants of a certain kind, size, and age, and maintain them there for at least three years. In some extensive cases, the land may be prepared by fallowing, which the adjoining farmers will generally undertake at a very moderate price per acre. In most cases, the contractor for fences, of whatever description, should undertake to uphold them for a given number of years; and in cases of thorn-hedges, or other live fences, until they become sufficient barriers.
7374. Road and walk making may frequently be contracted for; but in this case, as in every other, much will depend on the skill, activity, and experience of the gardener or general overseer. This subject will be found illustrated at greater length, and in a man- ner incompatible with the nature of this work, in the second edition of our Treatise on Country- Residences, 4to.
PAR T«IV: STATISTICS OF BRITISH GARDENING.
7375. Arrer having considered gardening as to its history, as to the scientific princi- ples on which it is founded, and the application of these principles to the different branches of practice; it remains only to take a statistical survey and estimate of its present state and
future progress in the British isles.
BOOK I. OF THE PRESENT STATE OF GARDENING IN THE BRITISH ISLES.
2, as to knowledge, has been the subject of
7376. The present state of British gardening
the former parts of this work; but its importance, in the general economy of society, can only be learned by a statement of the manner in which it is actually carried on; the mo- difications to which it has given rise in the pursuits of those who have embraced the art as a source of livelihood; of the kinds of gardens employed by men of different orders in the state; of the principal gardens as distributed in the different counties of Britain and Ireland; of the British authors who have written on gardening, and of the private or professional police, and public laws relative to gardeners and gardens.
1040 STATISTICS OF GARDENING.
Parr IV
Cuar. I. Of the different Conditions of Men engaged in the Practice or Pursuit of Gardening s g.
7377. Gardeners may be arranged as operators or servi rard i 377. G, ay be arranged as operators or serving gardeners; dealers in gar- dening or garden-tradesmen; counsellors, professors, or artists; and patrons,
Secr. I. Of Operators, or Serving Gardeners.
7378. The garden-laborer is the lowest grade in the scale of serving gardeners. He is occasionally employed to perform the common labors of gardening, as trenching, digging, hoeing, weeding,&c. Men for the more heavy, and women for the lighter ane ployments. Garden-laborers are not supposed to have received any professional instruction, farther than what they may have obtained by voluntary or casual observation. In all gardens where three or four professional hands are constantly employed, some laborers are required at extraordinary seasons.
7379. Apprentice. Youths intended for serving, or tradesmen-gardeners, are generally articled or placed under master or tradesmen gardeners, for a given period, on terms of mutual benefit: the master contracting to supply instruction, and generally food and lodging, or a weekly sum as an equivalent; and the parents of the apprentice granting the services of the latter during his apprenticeship as their part of the contract.‘The term agreed on is generally three years; or more if the youth is under sixteen years of age but whatever may be the period, by the laws as to apprentices it must not extend beyond that at which the youth attains the age of manhood. No one can ever expect to attain to the rank either of master-gardener or tradesman, who has not served an apprenticeship to the one or the other. In general it is preferable to apprentice youths to master-gardeners, as there the labor is less than in tradesmen’s gardens, and the opportunities of instruction generally much greater.,
7380. Journeyman. The period of apprenticeship being finished, that of journeyman commences, and continues, or ought to continue till the man is at least twenty-five years of age. During this period, he ought not to remain above one year in any one situation; thus, supposing he has completed his apprenticeship in a private garden at the age of twenty-one, and that his ultimate object is to become a head-gardener, he ought first to engage himself a year in a public botanic garden; the next year in a public nursery; that following, he should again enter a private garden, and continue making yearly changes in the most eminent of this class of gardens, till he meets with a situation as head-gardener. The course to be followed by an apprentice intended for a tradesman-gardener is obvious; having finished his period in a private garden, let him pass through a botanic and nursery- garden, and then continue in the most eminent of the class of public or tradesmen’s gar- dens, to which he is destined.
7381. Foreman(before-man, or first man). In extensive gardens where a number of hands are employed, they are commonly grouped or arranged in divisions, and one of the journeymen of longest standing employed as foreman or sub-master to the rest. When- ever three or more journeymen are employed, there is commonly a foreman, who has a certain extent of authority at all times, but especially in the absence of the master.‘This confers a certain degree of rank for the time being, but none afterwards.
7382. Master-gardener. A journeyman has attained the sitwation of master-gar- dener, when he is appointed to the management of a garden, even if he has no laborer, apprentice, or journeyman under him; but he has not attained to the rank of master- r till having been a year in such situation. Afterwards should he be obliged to
gardene 4 v ne still retains the rank and title of master-gardener but not of
work as journeyman, head-gardener.
7383. A head gardener, or upper gardener, is a master who has apprentices or journey- men employed under him. Out of place and working as a journeyman, he retains the rank and title of master-gardener, but not of head-gardener.
7384. Nursery foreman.‘this is an important situation, the foreman being entrusted with the numbered and priced catalogues of the articles dealt in; authorised to make account of men’s time,&c.(see Time-Book, 2338.); and in holder to the rank of head-gardener while so engaged, and to the same may be said of foremen to public botanic
sales; entrusted to keep an consequence it entitles the that of master-gardener ever afterwards; gardens, and royal or national gardens. 7385. A travelling gardener is one sent out as gardener, or collector of plants, along he is generally chosen from a botanie garden; and his busi-
with scientific expeditions; I e} ry kind, and to mark the soil, aspect, climate,
ness is to collect gardening productions of eve &c. to which they have been habituated.;
7386. Botanic curator. This is the highest situation to which a serving gardener en attain next to that of being the royal or government gardener. He superintenas Oe- ture and management of a public botanic garden; maintains an extensive correspondence
{ it other h yp or incre tte want of suf ‘ storys 0 inspectors country: 7387. I Hoffaartne! mum bon propriate| the court-¢ in every
7585, Uj mends gard tools, in wl plants from 7389. Cl They unde gardens, al especially dener, but they are g¢ 7990 hy situated in at certain 1% tems, 1h may hy bridi
7391, we
in general th themselves ent orowers and t “1398 Her as the bulb of or perfumery.
poses of medi merly, when i this was a more appended to th dried state, 1394. Colle who collect ha next are those requite some before they cs selves in forei of rare plants 1395, Oreh produce is chi occupy cultiva berry,&e, are with walls and 1396. Mar}; ate those who pease, turns, lery, and arti Possess hotel forced atticles for the dispos huit-shops w monly, howeye 7 48 retail ¢ Tands 9 din agents of ite Ssubspeci
Book I. TRADESMEN-GARDENERS 1041
with other botanic curators; exchanges plants, seeds, and dried specimens, so 4s to keep up or increase his own collection of living plants, and herbarium siccum. Abroad, for want of sufficiently intelligent practical gardeners, they have what are called directors and inspectors of botanic or other government gardens; but no such office is requisite in this country.
7387. Royal gardener, court-gardener, or government-gardener; Jardinier de la Cour, Fr.; Hoffgartner, Ger.; and Giardiniere della Corte, Ital. This is the highest step, the swm- mum bonum of garden-servitude. In foreign countries, the court-gardener wears an ap- propriate livery, as did formerly the head gardeners of the principal nobility, as well as the court-gardeners of this country. At present this remnant of feudal slavery is laid aside in every grade of British garden-servitude.
Sect. II. Tradesmen- Gardeners.
7588. Of tradesmen-gardeners, the first grade is the jobbing gardener, who makes and
mends gardens, and keeps them in repair by the month or year. Generally he uses his own tools, in which he is distinguished from the serving gardener; and sometimes he supplies plants from a small sale-garden of his own.
7389. Contracting gardeners, or new-ground workmen, are jobbers on a larger scale. They undertake extensive works, as forming plantations, pieces of water, roads, kitchen- gardens, and even hot-houses, and other garden structures and buildings. Formerly, and especially in Brown’s time, this branch of trade was combined with that of the artist-gar- dener, but now since the principle of the division of labor has been so much refined on, they are generally separated.
7390. Seed-growers are as frequently farmers as gardeners; their gardens or fields are situated in warm districts, and they contract with seed-merchants to supply certain seeds at certain rates, or to raise or grow seeds furnished to them by the seedsmen on stipulated terms.‘The great test of excellence here is never to grow at the same time such seeds as may hybridise the progeny by impregnation.
7391. Seed-merchants, or seedsmen, deal in garden-seeds and other garden-productions; in general they combine the business of nurserymen or florists, but sometimes confine themselves entirely to dealing in seeds wholesale, or to a sort of agency between the seed- growers and the nursery-seedsmen.
7392, Herb-gardeners grow herbs, either the entire herb, as mint, or particular parts, as the bulb of lilium, and the flower of the rose for medical purposes, or for distillation or perfumery.
7393. Physic-gardeners, herbalists, or simplicists, not only grow herbs for the pur- poses of medicine, or perfumery, but collect wild plants for these purposes. For- merly, when it was the fashion among medical men to use indigenous plants as drugs, this was a more common and important branch of trade. They have commonly shops appended to their gardens, or in towns, in which the herbs are preserved, and sold in a dried state.
7394. Collectors for gardens.‘The first variety of this species is the gipsy-gardencrs, who collect haws, acorns, and other berries and nuts, and sell them to the seedsmen; the next are those who collect pine and fir cones, alder-catkins, and other tree-seeds, which require some time, and a process to separate the seeds from their covers, and clean them before they can be sold; and the highest variety are those gardeners who establish them- selves in foreign countries, and there collect seeds and roots, and prepare dried specimens of rare plants for sale.
7395. Orchardists of the simplest kind are such as occupy grass-orchards, where the produce is chiefly apples, pears, and plums, for cider or kitchen-use; the next variety occupy cultivated orchard-grounds where fruit-shrubs, as the gooseberry, currant, straw- berry,&c. are grown between the fruit-trees; and the highest variety occupy orchards with walls and hot-houses, and produce the finer stove-fruits and forced articles.
7396. Market-gardeners grow culinary vegetables and also fruits; the simplest kind are those who grow only the more common hardy articles for the kitchen, as cabbage, pease, turnips,&c.; a higher variety grow plants for propagation, as cauliflowers, ce- lery, and artichoke-plants, and pot-herbs, as mint, thyme,&c.; and the highest variety possess hot-beds and hot-houses, and produce mushrooms, melons, pines, and other forced articles and exotic fruits. They have often shops at their gardens, or in towns, for the disposal of their produce; and these, when fruit is chiefly dealt in, are called fruit-shops; where culinary vegetables are joined, green-grocery shops.; Most com- monly, however, the culinary vegetables are carried to market, and there disposed of to such as retail them in shops or on stalls, Occasionally they are deposited for sale in the hands of agents or brokers, and sometimes shops are supplied regularly on certain con- ditions.
7397. Florists are either market-florists who grow and force flowers for the market, and of this subspecies are two varicties, those who grow only hardy flowers to be cut as nose-
3 X
1042 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV.
gays, and those who deal chiefly in exotics or green-house plants to be sold in pots. The other subspecies is the select florist, who confines himself to the culture of bulbous-rooted and other select or florists’ flowers, who has annual flower-shows, and who disposes of the plants, bulbs, tubers, or seeds.
7398. Botanic gardeners are such as devote themselves exclusively to the culture of an extensive collection of species for sale; these may be either limited to indigenous kinds as was the botanic garden of the late Don of Forfar, embracing all hardy plants, or oa tending to tender exotics. Botanic gardeners also collect and dry specimens of plants and also of mosses, fungi, alg,&c. for sale: to this they often join the collecting of ae sects, birds, and other animals. y.
7399. Nursery-gardeners, or nurserymen. This is the highest species of tradesman- gardéner. Their business 1s to originate from seed, or by other modes of propagation, every species of vegetable, hardy or exotic, grown in gardens, to rear and train them for sale, and to pack or encase them, so as they may be sent with safety to distant places. The nurseryman is commonly also to a certain extent a seed-grower, and is generally a seed-merchant, supplying his customers annually with what seeds they require for crop- ping their gardens as well as with the trees they use in stocking them. The simplest variety of nursery-gardener is he who confines himself to the rearing of hedge plants and forest trees; the highest, he who in addition to all the hardy trees and plants maintains at the same time a collection of tender exotics.
Secr. III. Garden Counsellors, Artists, or Professors.
7400. The first species of this genus of gardeners, is the garden surveyor, or valuator, His business is to estimate the value of garden labor and produce, and of garden struc- tures, edifices, and gardens themselves. When a proprietor lets his house and garden to a tenant for a certain number of years, the stock of the garden is valued, and either entirely paid for by the tenant, or it is again valued when the latter quits the premises, and the difference in value paid either by the tenant to the landlord, or by the latter to the former, as the case may be. It is the business of the garden-surveyor to estimate the value of the stock, crop, and business of nurserymen, and other tradesmen-gardeners, quitting or entering on premises, or purchasing or disposing of their establishments. The garden-surveyor is sometimes also a garden-auctioneer; but generally his business is con- fined to valuing, and practised by nurserymen or other tradesmen-gardeners.
7401. The tree-surveyor, or timber-surveyor, limits his occupation to arboriculture: he measures and values standing timber or copsewood; estimates the value of young plant- ations, the expense of forming them, of managing them’ during a certain number of years; of enclosing with live hedges of every kind, and their management till fence high: he determines what trees shall be felled, thinned, or pruned, and directs the man- ner of performing these operations.
7402. The horticultural architect(Planner, Scotch) gives designs for kitchen-gardens and flower-gardens, with their structures and buildings: he sometimes also lays out shrubberies and pleasure-grounds, when on a small scale. In this case he takes the title of ornamental gardener(Planner of policies, Scotch), or ground-architect.
7403. The horticultural artist is employed in designing and painting fruits, flowers, plants, implements, and horticultural structures and gardens, but chiefly in drawing fruits and flowers, the gardens and structures being more commonly drawn by the horticultural architect, or landscape-gardener.
7404. The landscape-gardener, or layer out of grounds; Artiste jardinier, Ingénieur des Jardins pittoresques, OY Anglais, and Jardinier paysagiste, Fr.; Garten kiinstler, Ger.; and Artiste giardiniere, Ital. This species of counsellor gives designs for disposing of the plantations, water, buildings, and other scenery, in parks or landscape-gardens, and ge- nerally for every thing relating to the arrangement of a country-seat, excepting the archi- tecture of the mansion, offices, and other buildings; but in what respects the site of these, and the exposure of the principal fronts and apartments of the house, his counsel is re- quired jointly with that of the architect.
7405. The gardening author may be considered the most universal kind of garden- counsellor, since his province extends to every branch of the art. The simplest variety of this species is the author of remarks, or an essay, or treatise on one particular plant or subject; the most comprehensive, he who embraces the whole of_the science and art of gardening; but the most valuable, he who communicates original information.
Secr. 1V. Patrons of Gardening. no does not limit the vegetable parts of his dinner to bread and potatoes, is a patron of gardening, by creating a demand for its productions. He is: consumer, which is the first species of patron, and the more valuable varieties are such as -oduce a dessert after dinner, and maintain throughout the year beautiful flowers in their lobbies and drawingrooms.
7406. Every man wi
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7426. Street-gardens, and the smaller suburban gardens(7287. to 7292.), are the next classes in point of number. They differ from the former in being almost always gardens of pleasure, consisting of a grass-plot(complot, Fr. a design or device,) with a border, or a few patches of flowers in front of the house, and a gravel-plot or grass-plot behind, sometimes substituted by a plot for culinary vegetables and small fruits. Their extent may be from an eighth to half an acre, and they are managed by jobbing-garden- ers by the day or year. As the plants and turf are soon injured by the smoky and con- fined atmosphere incident to their situations, the finer plants and trees do not thrive in them, and the sorts which do succeed, and even the turf, require frequent renewal. Evergreens and early spring flowers, both of the tree and herbaceous kinds, are most to be desired as permanent plants for these gardens; and in summer a display of an- nuals is made from transplanted plants furnished by the jobber, whose great object ought to be to keep up a succession of flowers, and to keep the grass and gravel in order, and the whole perfectly neat.
Sue S
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1046 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Pasa
7427. Tradesmen’s villas(7284.), of the smaller kind, may contain from a fourth part toa whole acre, and are commonly managed by a sort of hybrid gardener, who are also in the capacity of groom, or of house-servant. On a larger scale they are managed by master gardeners of the lowest kind, as from such situations they can seldom rise iG be head gardeners. Besides attending to the duties of the jobber, as to suburban gar- dens, the citizen’s gardener ought to study to procure early and late crops of the’ ve- getables most in use; as pcas, kidneybeans, potatoes, turnips,&c., because at these seasons they are dear to purchase. Main summer crops are of less consequence, as they may be procured cheap at market. For similar reasons, he ought never to be deficient of salads, pot and sweet herbs, tart plants,&c., as these are dearer to purchase in pro- portion to other vegetables, because less in demand. If there are frames, hot-beds, and hot-houses, the same general principles are to be observed, viz. when the whole of what is necessary for the consumption of the family cannot be raised, to raise such crops as, whether from their kind, or the seasons at which they are grown, are most dear to purchase.
7428. Where amateurs of gardening have gardens, they are generally cabinets of rural beauty, however small. We may offer as examples that of R. A. Salisbury, Esq. which consists entirely of plants in pots, which fill a court of a few yards square in Queen-street, Edgeware Road, London; and that of Topham, of Elkins’s-row, Bayswater, which is not much larger than that of Salisbury, but in which the choicest flowers are sunk in pots, and changed whenever they begin to fade. This garden is a speck of perfect beauty in its kind. There are a few plots round London similarly treated, and but a few. On a larger scale are numerous amateur gardens; that of the Comte de Vande, at Bays- water, contains two acres, and is remarkable for its botanical collection, its standard roses, and the neatness with which it is kept: but the plan of the garden, its cul de sac walks, ill proportioned borders, and paltry boundary fence of pales, spoils every thing.
7429. The gardens of connoisseurs vary in extent; perhaps the largest and best fur- nished is that of Knight, the first of all horticultural connoisseurs, at Downton Castle, which, with the experimental ground, contains several acres, and various hot-houses, pits, and frames. In general these gardens are to be considered as horticultural workshops, and beauty and order is not to be looked for. Regular gardeners are very seldom em- ployed. Knight says(Hort. Trans. iv. 17.),“ My gardener is an extremely simple laborer, he does not know a letter or a figure.” One horticulturist with whom we are acquainted, employs only women; another, only boys; and several do all the work themselves.
7430. Suburban or citizens’ villas(7285.) may be considered as occupied by a more wealthy class of citizens; or‘ not more wealthy, possessing more of the taste and ton of good society.‘These gardens or residences contain always a portion of lawn or field, as well as a kitchen-garden and shrubbery, and may extend from one to ten acres. They generally contain hot-houses of some kind, and are managed by a regularly bred master- gardener. Besides attending to the duties of a tradesman’s gardener, he must bear in mind two things; first, as the families who occupy such places are generally constant residents, he must provide enjoyment both of the agreeable kind from the flower-garden and plant hot-houses, and of the useful kind from the culinary and fruit-garden, for every month in the year; and secondly, he must attend to the habits of the family as to the kinds of productions and enjoyments preferred.‘The great art of deriving enjoyment from a country-residence of this description, is to provide an interest, a hope, anda fear, for every season, or even for every month in the year. By observing the chapter of monthly productions of horticulture(6038.), and the table of monthly floricultural productions(6741.), the resources which these branches afford are readily. discovered. There are also other resources inthe nature of culture; such, for example, as raising flowers or fruits from seed. In this view it is good to have some seedlings of early and late flowers, as of the polyanthus and dahlia; of early and late fruits, as of the currant or strawberry, and apple, to come into flower and bearing every season. Other devices for exciting and keeping alive interest will readily occur to the reflecting gardener.
7431. With respect to the habits of a family, it is not only the duty of a gardener to
row those vegetables, fruits, and flowers, of which the members consume the most, or of which they are fondest; but he must also look for other habits of enjoyment; as whether they are fond of walking in the garden, and at what times and places, so as to have every thing in the condition and order best adapted for those purposes: Some de- light in smells, and for such, the most odoriferous plants should be distributed along the walks; others in sounds, and for these, the trees and plants which produce the fruits preferred by singing birds should be or birds, in portable avaries, distributed through the grounds. Some, in walking, may prefer not being seen by workmen,= at least not meeting them in the paths on which they enjoy this mode of recreation 5 others may take delight in seeing work-d. and even in asking questions
of the operators.
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7433. dener. personal the contr be admire so much enjoyment are likely rural naturt
to ask—
7494, To dull as to pa to which this be seen: it i the country Blenheim, of their seat which leads: cabin by th applause by gardener, t in his depar effect of ¢! neatness fo
7435, Ni from ten to with one or ance of mer are generall laid out, an opulent com Places are| assistance th service of ¢ and they a in keeping
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Book I. PRIVATE BRITISH GARDENS. 1047
7432. In all families there are invalids at some time or other, and a great object is to render the garden an alleviation to their sufferings. Some afflicted in the lower ex- tremities can only walk on grass-walks; others, from asthma, may-not be able to stoop to smell to or gather a rose or a gooseberry; others may require to be carried round the hot-houses in a chair, or wheeled along the walks reclining on a couch, and covered with a glass case. Grass-walks, standard roses, and gooseberries, elevated pots of plants, hot- house paths uninterrupted by pots, and gravel-walks smoothly rolled, are obvious luxuries for such persons. A sick horticulturist, confined to his chamber, may derive some en- joyment from having pots of plants brought before him for a few minutes, to show him their progress; and also by relations of what work is going on, and what articles are vegetating in the garden. When life is under the pressure of disease, any object or measure which can divert the attention for a moment affords relief; for though night cannot be turned into day without the presence of the sun, its darkness may be lessened by a speck of the dimmest day-cloud. It does not often happen that residences are laid out purposely for invalids; but where this is the case, the designer ought to contrive gently inclined planes instead of steps or stairs, and to avoid all corners in walks and paths. Easy turnings in walks are also a great luxury to studious persons, who think as
they walk. For this reason, an author, if he can afford any other garden than a pot of
mint, should surround his plot with an oval path, that he may walk on without end, and without any sensible change in the position of his body.
7433. Whether a family is of retired or public habits ought to be noticed by the gar- dener. A retired family will derive most satisfaction from the useful products, and the personal recreation they can take in their garden. A public or fashionable family, on the contrary, from its beauty, high order, and keeping. Beautiful objects are formed to be admired, that is their use, and what renders them so desirable, and their possessors so much envied; therefore those who possess beautiful objects in order to derive the enjoyment they are calculated to confer, must court applause by inviting such friends as are likely to become admirers. Let no man shut himself up in the midst of beautiful rural nature and think he will be perfectly happy, lest he should be forced with the satirist to ask—
—‘“ What is nature? ring her changes round, Her three flat notes are water, plants, and ground.”
7434. To be condemned to pass an eternity in a pleasure-ground, would be perhaps as dull as to pass it in a conventicle. Man is a social being, and never can reject the habits to which this part of his nature gives rise with impunity. To be happy he must see and be seen: it is the operation of this principle that has rendered the most beautiful seats of the country show-places, or places which all the world are invited to come and admire, as Blenheim, Mount Edgecumbe, Hackfall,&c.; which induces others to publish accounts of their seats, as Dr. Letsom of Grove Hill, the late T. Johnes, Esq. of Hafod,&c.; which leads the citizen to place his box or lodge, and the artisan or laborer his cottage or cabin by the roadside; and which, in short, impels the humblest individual to court applause by making his powers, either of purse or mind, known to those around him. A gardener, therefore, must attend to these general principles of our nature, and apply them in his department as well as he can; for much, it is evident, depends on his studying the effect of the scenes under his charge, and keeping them in the most perfect order and neatness for inspection.,
7435. Villas.(7278.) The grounds and gardens of this class of residences may occupy from ten to a hundred acres, or upwards; they are generally managed by a head gardener, with one or more journeymen, and probably an apprentice, and with the occasional assist- ance of men and women laborers.- The kitchen and flower gardens of places of this sort are generally good, and well furnished with hot-houses; the shrubbery also is carefully laid out, and planted with choice shrubs and trees; and as the proprietor is generally an opulent commercial man, he is liberal in his annual expenditure. The gardeners at such places are generally well paid, no limits put to the dung, implements, structures, or assistance they may want, and left more entirely to their own discretion than those in the service of country-gentlemen. Their responsibility is, therefore, so much the greater, and they are quite unpardonable if they do not excel in their art, and, above all things, in keeping the whole scene under their charge in the utmost order and neatness. It fre- quently happens, however, that soon after a gardener has got into such a situation, and become familiarised with his garden, and the habits of his family, he begins to consider his place as a sinecure(sine, ady. and cura; 1. e. without care), and instead of arduously endeavoring that the productions of the current year shall surpass those of the year past; instead of adding more and more to the enjoyments of his employers, he begins to try with how little they may be put off; and the object of his ambition, which ought to be to delight and astonish his family,. is ultimately lowered to that of contenting them. This sort of lethargic indifference, brought on by plenty and ease, is not peculiar to gardeners; it is a condition of our nature, which also furnishes checks to its increase after a certain
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1048 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr LV
period; but it is the business of cultivated man to apply these checks at an early stage and thus to lessen the evils to all parties. ng
7436. The simplest check to indolent gardeners is the demands of their masters, who seeing at other tables, and in other gardens, productions superior to their own, and ktibw ing that they spare no expense,&c. naturally enquire into the cause of the default.‘This sort of observation when abroad, and comparison with home, ought never to be neglected by those who wish to keep servants of any description to their duty. The dehcioneies nant bad points of other gardens and gardeners may be let alone; but their excellencies should always be particularised, and dwelt on to our own; and where a failure happens in the one case, the reasons required for the other’s superiority in that particular, and our in-
eriority. If the master ultimately becomes dissatisfied with the condition and produce
of his garden, let him first call in the nurseryman who recommended the gardener, as counsel for both sides; and let him consign him to this nurseryman, with such a charac- ter as he may be considered to merit.
7437. On the order and neatness with which a garden is kept, so much of its beauty and effect depends, that often as we have mentioned the subject in the course of this work, we must again advert to it. Many excellent gardeners are deficient in these par- ticulars, from causes which, at first sight, would seem calculated to have a contrary effect; such as staying constantly at home in their own gardens, and daily inspecting every part of them. The consequence of this is, that the changes which take place in the growth, decay, or deterioration of objects is so gradual as not to be observed, and that an object seen twice every day for ten days, seems the same thing the twentieth time which it did the first, when, in fact, and to the person who has only seen it two or three times, it is something different. To illustrate this, let us suppose a collection of green-house plants, newly shifted, surfaced, pruned, trimmed, tied, washed, and replaced on the stage, and that one man attends to the watering of them regularly every day for a month. They are newly shifted plants the first day, and consequently require nothing done to them; so they are the second, third, fourth, and so on, even after a week or ten days they are so considered, and this notion now becomes habitual to the attendant. Every day as he enters the green-house to water, he sees, without even opening his eyes,(that is, the idea recurs,) a stage of newly shifted plants, all fresh, and free from weeds and decayed leaves, and wanting nothing; therefore weeds and decayed leaves he never thinks of looking for, but waters on; whilst a stranger, or one who has not seen them for a few days, is struck with the slovenliness displayed, and though perhaps the same thing may take place in his own garden, or his own department in the same residence; he goes away not willing to benefit the other by corrective advice, but‘* thanking God he is not like this man.”
7438. This cause of slovenliness we think there are few gardeners who will deny to be correctly stated; and we think, the cause being discovered, the remedy very easily pre- sents itself. Let master gardeners not inspect every part of what is under their care every day at the same time, and in the same order, but let them omit some parts on some days, occasionally omit the whole, and often vary the time and order of their visits. Let them also, instead of going round to look if such and such scenes are in order, go impressed with the idea of finding them in bad order, in search of particular sorts of weeds, of de- cayed, damaged, or straggling parts of plants, insects,&c. It may seem ludicrous to add, let him go round sometimes in the night instead of during day; but we are persuaded that viewing particular scenes by the light of a lantern or the moon, would present them in such a new aspect, as would probably show deformities or deficiencies. It is a common observation of servants, that after their master has been a day or two confined with illness, or on the morning after an evening of dissipation, he is generally very apt to find fault and be cross, and difficult to please. This is actually the case, and is satisfactorily accounted for without reference to humor or temper: the master sees faults which before escaped him, because the machinery of his faculties has been deranged, and he sees dif- ferently. But why does he see faults rather than beauties? Because it is his business to seek for them, and this impression being habitual on his mind, the strongest images re- flected by the eye are of that nature.
7439. Visiting neighboring gardens is another important part of a head gardener’s duty. This should be done with a view not only to order and neatness, but also to good culture, intelligence as to the state of gardening,&c.; he should not limit his visits to those near him, but include all the principal gardens for forty or fifty miles round; and he should, at least, once a-year, visit the capital or the metropolis, to inform himself, by means of the nurserymen, and among the numerous first-rate gardens that are always found round capital cities, the horticultural societies, and agricultural libraries, of what is going on in the gardening world.;
7440. The mansion and demesne(7270.) is less common than the villanear large towns, The proprietors are sometimes commercial men, but more
but more so in the country. Their extent varies from a hundred to a thousand acres,
generally country-gentlemen.
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Boox I. PRIVATE BRITISH GARDENS. i049
or upwards, and, in addition to the park and gardens, they contain a home or family farm managed by a bailiff. The garden-scenery, as in the case of a villa, is managed by a head gardener, sometimes more circumscribed in his operations, but always re- spectably provided for, both as to his person and garden.‘The worst point attending residences of this description is, that the business of gardener and bailiff is, sometimes in England, and often in the other districts of the empire, united; and the consequence almost universally is, that the business of both situations is very imperfectly performed. The master’s object in attempting this union is obviously the saving of a bailiffs wages, which, it is allowed, is an apparent saving, though certainly not always so ultimately. The gardener and bailiff cannot be present at one time, both in the garden and on the farm; he must pass alternately from the one to the other, and it may be questioned whether the time lost in his absence from both, while going between them or at market, and from the one while on the other, does not more than counterbalance the wages of a bailiff, independently of any other consideration. But the loss both to the farm and garden, in cases of this sort, though not very obvious at first sight, is very considerable when details are entered on. No man brought up as a gardener can at once become a good bailiff; and admitting that he may become one in time, yet he acquires his ex- perience at his master’s expense. It is generally imagined that a gardener makes a good arable farmer; but this he does not become without experience; for though he may know what good culture is, and may bring the fields of corn or green crops under his charge into a state of good cultivation, yet he may do this at much too great an expense to afford any profit. But the management of arable land is but a small part of a bailiff’s duty; the grand object is the breeding, rearing, fattening, buying, and selling of live stock; and a knowledge of these parts of farming cannot be acquired under several years’ experience. In the mean time, the losses to the master by bad marketing must be most considerable. Suppose the gardener and bailiff goes to purchase a few scores of sheep, and a dozen of oxen for feeding, every grazicr knows that on the nature of the feel alone, which no man can communicate to another by description, much of the value of the animal depends. But a gardener knows nothing of this feel, and the tact of dis- covering it is not to be acquired but after such a course of experience as no prudent master, who knows any thing of the subject,. would wish a bailiff to acquire in his ser- vice. As much might be said on the correctness of judgment required in selecting animals to breed together, and in the shrewdness required for marketing; the latter, a duty totally inconsistent with the retired habits of a gardener.
7441. That some gardeners may become good bailiffs we readily allow, because a man of moderately good natural faculties and persevering application, will acquire any thing; but from the nature of the duties
ga which a bailiff has to perform, and the time he must occupy on the farm and at market, it is impossible he can attend sufficiently to the garden. We have never yet known an instance where the duties of both the offices were well performed by the same person, but almost universally found both the garden and farm deficient in the products expected from them. That the master is content is no proof to the contrary, for knowing no better, he naturally considers what he has as the best.
7442. From the country-gentleman’s gardener, who does not unite the duties of bailiff, a good deal is ex- pected; he must know his profession well; he cannot probably from limited extent and means produce all he could wish, or that a garden should afford, but what he undertakes to raise he must raise in per- fection, according to the kind and season, and the main crops in sufficient quantity, because he cannot, like the citizen’s gardener, have recourse to Covent-garden, nor like the villa-gardener, surrounded by neighbors, borrow from them melons, mushrooms, or asparagus, in cases of emergency. He has one duty also which does not belong to either of these classes of gardeners, that of packing and sending fruits and other garden products to town when the family reside there.
7443. The mansion-residence may be considered as including all those between the villa and the royal palace. The dwellinghouses are called houses, halls, courts, or palaces, according to the custom of the country, where they are situated; or castles, abbeys, or Grecian buildings, according to their style of architecture; and mansions or palaces, according to their extent and magnificence.‘The mansion-residence consists of the same parts as in the mansion and demesne(7270.}; it may contain from five hundred to ten thousand acres, or upwards, and the whole is managed in the first-rate establishments by the following officers:— d secretary, who receives the commands of the master, and conveys them to the house-steward, who manages the expenditure of the house and offices, and gamekeeper; to the land-steward, who manages the tenanted lands, receiving rents, and seeing to the fulfilments of covenants in leases, repairs,&c. 5 to the bailiff, who manages the family farm; and to the gardener, who manages the garden-scenery, in- cluding the park, as far as respects the trees and grass, and the internal plantations or forests.
7444. The gardener who occupies a first-rate situation has under him a forester, for the demesne-woods and park-trees; a pleasure-ground foreman for the lawns and shrubbery; a flower-garden foreman, a forcing-department foreman, and a kitchen- garden foreman, A horse and two-wheeled chaise is kept for his use, by a boy, who also acts as his mes- senger and house-servant. He lives in a respectable house, near the kitchen-garden, with a stable and cowhouse not far distant. His wages are from 150. to 300/. a-year, independently of a free house, fuel, and other advantages. He should be at the head of
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1050 STAT
ISTICS OF GARDENING.
Parr IV,
his profession when he enters on it; and keep himself at the head of it, by taking care si 5:::° 4°’ ten, ee to be informed of every improvement and invention in his line, as they are discovered
and made public.
; He must not only know all that is in books, but must be in in knowledge; not only ready to apply all the best practices, but fertile in e on extraordinary occasions, and in cases of novelty, difficulty, or emergency.
advance xpedients Necessi-
ties and difficulties, as they occur, excite the inventive faculty far beyond reflection or
study; therefore we can afford little assistance here, except recommending the ¢ re)
ardener
who is ambitious to excel in his profession, first to store his mind with all the resources of gardening, and next to lay up in his memory as many ideas as he can on all other
subjects, but especially on art and science.
Next to books on gardening and agricul-
ture, and the topographical surveys of every kind, he should have frequent recourse to the best encyclopedias of general knowledge, and observe the operations, and converse much on professional subjects with mechanics and artificers of every description. Much useful information is to be obtained from carpenters, millwrights, and smiths, and all kinds of information may occasionally be applied to use in so varied and extensive an art
as gardening.
7445. Some idea of the extent of the duties of a head gardener who fills a first-rate situation, may be had from the chapter of monthly horticultural productions, the table of floricultural productions, and arboriculture and landscape-gardening, as treated of in this work; and therefore all that we shall attempt here, in addition to what has just been
offered on the subject of the duties of gardeners holding inferior situations(7426. to 7442.) is to enumerate a few of the expedients,'some of them common and others uncommon,
b
which every description of gardener will have occasion to practise more or less; but which more particularly demand the attention of gardeners of the highest class, who, not eing limited in expense, are expected not to be deficiént in producing all the comforts
and luxuries that a garden can afford. partments of practical gardening.
We shall arrange these hints under the four de-
7446. Expedients and anomalous practices in the horticultural department.
To have early crops of herbaceous vegetables in the open air. Sow in pots early in spring, one seed in a pot of the smallest size, place them in a gentle hot-bed, shift into larger pots as they grow, and when all danger from frost is over, transplant with the balls entire in the finely pulverised rich soil of a warm border. Peas, beans, turnips, potatoes, carrots, salading of all sorts, and spinage may be had very early in this way/
Stable-dung is very scarce, and a great quantity is wanted for hot- beds and pits. Collect the spray of trees, copsewood, and hedges; cut it into lengths of three or four inches, witha straw-cutter, and mix it with the dung. Add carpenters’ shavings, flax-dressers’ refuse, leaves ads, rushes, peat, moss, heath, or any substance capable of undergoing the pu- trescent fermentation.
Tanners’ bark is scarce. Add spray, furze, or heath, chopped with the straw-cutter to the length of the chips of bark, also chopped shavings of wood, parings of leather,&c.
Autumn-planted cabbages and cauliflomers, and also spinage and onions have failed. Sow early in spring single seeds in small pots on heat, shift often, and transplant in the warmest situ- ation when all danger from frost is over.
To forward early seedling crops. Sow in the usual way under cold-frames, and remove them when all danger from frost is over. Peas, spinage, and turnips, may be had three weeks earlier than usual by this practice.
All your ground is cropped, and some crops not likly to be removed in time to let those which are immediatety to succeed them, be got in in season. Forward the succeeding crop in pots, and as soon as the preceding crop is removed, transplant with the balls entire.
The garden is too small for the culinary productions. Forward the brassica tribe in pots, and only head or flower them in the compartments. Instead of hot-beds, which occupy much hori- zontal space, have cucumbers and melons on hot-walls cover- ed with glass: train other creepers, as love-apples, New Zea- land spinage, gourds,&c. on upright trellis-work or pales, the potatoe-haulm to stakes; stick all peas; train gooseberries, currants, and all dwarf tre aliers.
Sorts of fruit not approved of. E ft or inoculate other sorts.
You have some exellent sorts of peaches or other soft tree fruits,
7447. Expedients and anomalous practices
The gravel-walks earthy and ill colored; a large party is expected, and you wish to give the walks a fresh and good appearance. Water them with water impregnated with lime and yellow or red ochre, according as the natural color of the gravel may be yellow or brown. J:
The pleasure-ground is deficient in singing birds. Distribute cages of Canary and other birds in song, hanging them on the trees in unseen situations.
The flower-garden and shrubbery deficient in odoriferous plants, to produce dn immediate remedy. Distribute pots of mignonette (or Persian iris early in the season), and also bottles of water, containing the ends of sprigs of sweetbriar, birch, balsam- poplar, balm of gilead, and other firs, place these so as not to be conspicuous, and renew them as they deeay..
To diffuse odors in the atmosphere on particular occasions and during dry weather. Sprinkle the odoriferous plants with the water-engine.: A F i
A large party is expected at a particular time; to give freshness and odor to the whole flower-garden. Sprinkle every part with water, excepting the walks; if with rose-water, w hich may be made at little expense where there is extensive shrub- berries, and kept for sprinkling the hot-houses; so much the better.
mhich you mish some person to taste at a distance, too great or too inconvenient to send the fruits themselves. Send some blos- som-buds either in spring to be scollop-budded, when they will produce their fruit the same year, oy in the usual bud- ding season.
Trees old and not productive. Head down and renew the soil, and see that the roots are not too deeply buried.
To have late crops of hardy legumes and leaves. Plant the latest crops in large pots or boxes; keep them plunged in the open air, and remove them when there is danger of frost to any of the forcing-houses not in operation. In damp weather, light gentle fires in the daytime, but not at night; in frosty weather, light gentle fires at night. In this way peas, beans, kidneybeans, cauliflower, spinage,&c. may be had in a good state till January or later.
The furnaces or flues of a house in action are suddenly deranged during a severe frost. Distribute pots of buming charcoal or peat over the floor or paths of the house, and cover the glass with mats.
To lessen the danger of the sun scorching plants in hot-houses or hot- beds. Fill them with clouds of steam, by pouring water on the ground or otherwise.
You have lately renewed your tan-bed, and the heat is too great for the pines which are plungedinit. Begin at one end of the pit, and take out a row acyoss the pit; then whelm hot saucers at the bottom of each hole left by the pots; lift the second row, and set the pots on the saucers: they will thus be surrounded by air instead of earth. When the tan cools replace them as before.
Grafts of fine fruits are received, for which you have no stocks, and you do not mish to put them on old trees. Dig up some roots of trees of the proper kind, and make stocks of chen graft- ing, and afterwards planting in Knight’s manner.(2037.)
Never forget that grafling and budding may be performed at any season of the year,(though best in certain seasons,) and on herba- ceous as mell as moody plants, on roots and tubers as well as on stems, stalks, and ligneous shoots.
Consider the sap of plants as a stream that you may direct and modify almost at pleasure; that a great many plants may be propagated from leaves alone,&c.
in floriculture.
You expect a large party to risit the plant hot-houses, and they
have been fumigated mith tobacco the night before. In one distribute sprigs of terebinthinate trees, as the spruce and silver firs; in another, sprigs of briar; in another, birch, verbena triphylla, mignonette, bruised leaves of acorus ca- Jamus, and so on: then sprinkle with pure water. Or
do not use plants, but merely water the whole with rose- water; or use a little musk, orange-water, or other artificial odors.
Some of your houses are very unsightly from accidents to pas insects, or other causes; but company is expected to go through them at a particular hour. Contrive to have them filled with sweet smells at that time. Distribute a few choice things in
pots near the eye; which, by attracting the attention of the
spectator, will help to divert his eye from defect or disease,
id to estimate what is concealed by what is seen.
After a dry summer your lawn is covered wih bromn blotches, on account of the shalloniness of the soil, it is desired to give a temporary green appearance. Water these places with lime and water, mixed with green color, the lime serving as a body
A quantity of large green-house plants suddi house ts ready to put them into. Vlace pol
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Boox I. PRIVATE BRITISH GARDENS. 1051
sion given to the air. This principle admits of great variety, extension, and modification, and might be made to produce very splendid etfects; and though these effects would be but temporary, they would not be objectionable on that account, as in this climate, already cold and moist, the constant play of jets of water is by no means desirable. 7
To produce harmonious sounds in the flomer-garden, in the hot- houses, or near arbors, seats,&c. Place#olian harps in proper situations, as in Germany.
To disperse an agreeable odor suddenly and powerfully. Charge one of the jet-vessels with air, ERE previously introduced
wall, and place the sashes of your spare hot-beds over them in the manner of slates.;
To form temporary jets of mater. Procure one or any number of cast-iron, or other strong vessels, which may hold from six to thirty, or fifty gallons or upwards: let each vessel have a tube reaching from what is to be its top within an inch of its internal bottom; this tube must havea nozzle to unscrew, and also a stopcock. The vessel being half filled with water, an air-condenser is to be screwed to the pipe, and the air powerfully condensed, then turn the stopcock to prevent the escape of the water; unscrew the condenser, and screw on the nozzle for the jet. All is now ready for operation, and some of the odor in the form of oil or essence,&c., then the vessel may be placed in the situation where the jet is produce the discharge at the proper time and place, or charge desired: here it may be either set in an excavation made to with rose-water. fit; or concealed by plants; or the vessel may be a vase, or To direct a stream of deleterious air against insects in hot-houses at made in any ornamental form. Being placed where it is to a distance from the path. Direct the stream through a long operate, it may remain for any length of time before using: tin tube, or charge a jet-vessel with the smoke or air. to set it at work, it is only necessary to turn the stopcock,| To syringe plants without a syringe or engine. Use a brush or and according to the diameter of the orifice of the nozzle, it birch-broom dipped in water. will throw the water from ten to fifty feet or more in height,| To recover plants tn hot-houses injured by frost. Shade two or gradually diminishing in height, as the water is expended, three days from the sun, and keep the temperature very little and lasting in joint proportion to the quantity of water con- above the freezing point. tained in the vessel, the orifice of the jet, and the compres-
7448. Expedients and anomalous practices in landscape-gardening.
To show the effect of buildings. Erect poles, and stretch canvass, or nail boards on them, s0 as to form the sky outline of the
To render a dull part of the park more interesting. Build a hay-stack there; or erect a shelter for cattle; or on tem- porary occasions pitch a tent; or place a portable hay-rack ropeses edifice. with food to attract deer or cattle; or send some men to work To show the effect of raising ground. Stud it over with on the spot. stakes of the height intended to elevate theearth, and stretch
To vary on an extraordinary occasion a dull, uninteresting part here and there strips of green canvass, bunting, bass mats, of the ho Cause a fire to be lighted of green wood, or or even green straw or hay-ropes, over these. Hay-ropes, such materials as by the ascending smoke will break the line from well-got hay, are cheapest, and, if of sufficient number, in the proper place. answer pertectly.
To vary for a fe seasons the front of amass of mood. Disbark To give a poetical and pastoral air to a scene for the moment. one or two trees at proper places at the surface of the ground, Employ a person with a flute to play at particular times; and when dead they will produce a break. or a fer me Ks: drive cattle to drink at a stream; pass a flock of sheep that cut a tree while in leaf, so as its leaves may wither and way,&c remain on, or water with the engine and lime-water. To give a forest characier to particular parts of the park or moody
To give an idea of the effect which a piece of water in a particular scenery. Introduce shagged horses, and asses; show the re- place, and of a@ particular shape, mill have. Mark out the mains of a fire; leave some branches or felled trees,&o: shape, and water the surface with lime-water; when dry the| To direct the eye to a particular point, either to observe its beauties, effect will be obvious. or to prevent it from observing some deformities in the same
Place a white object there, as a hay-rick, man at
To give a foreknonledge of the effect of a gravel-walk in any par- scene. ticadar place. Mark it out, and water with lime and yellow work with his coat off, white cow, or horse, é&c. if the back- ground be ground or wood; and a dark object, if sky or water.
ochre. To show the effect of trees. Use poles with crosses at top, or better, use entire trees, the thinnings of plantations.|
Tf the scene be a lake, then place a boat at the point to which you would attract the eye.
7449. Expedients and anomalous practices in arboriculture. A quantity of valuable trees arrive from a distance, very much A handsome tree has lost some branches on one side, or is disfigured injured and dried up, and too late for planting in the usual way. by the removal of another tree. Try and arrange the branches Immerse in water, or bury entirely in earth; then puddle by cords or strong wires, as 1s done in green-house plants
and plant; or plant for one season in a shady part of the with threads.: 3
nursery; or plant in pots, and place these on heat, when rare To cover a tree rapidly with creepers. Place leathern bags of
kinds, till they begin to grow. earth, containing plants of the sort of creeper desired, here A violent wind has blown down a number of trees. Lop their tops, and there on the trunk and principal branches; tie them flat
and prune and arrange their roots, replacing them upright; to the tree, so as they may not appear conspicuous.
they will produce effect much sooner than young trees.
7450. To some of these expedients it may be objected, that they are deceits or temporary tricks; but if they are so, they are in the spirit of the scenery to which they belong, and they are calculated only to produce pleasure, not pain to any one; none of them are false- hoods, or calculated to make a thing of one nature appear to be of another. We have not directed the display of artificial fruits on wall-trees, of the fruiting of orange-plants from the shops, of milliners’ flowers in green houses, or living figures placed on pedestals as statues, of fountains in mourning by making them run out ink, of altars and temples, ing on them, of mock buildings or animals, scoops
with persons in proper costume sacrific or painted perspectives; all which and other deceptions are recommended and practised
by the French and Dutch.
7451. Gardens of royal palaces. The government-gardens of this country are those of Windsor, Hampton Court, and Kensington; that of Kew being a private royal garden. None of them are in any respect worthy of their rank: the garden at Windsor is without hot-houses; that at Hampton Court consists chiefly of some pine-pits and a vinery; at Kensington, great part of the kitchen-garden is cultivated by the plough, and the only two things which render it worth notice are its pine-stoves, and the public gardens or pleasure-ground. The garden-structures at Kew are in a state of decay, and the gardens are never in first-rate order, often slovenly, and always confined as to arrangements. It is said these things arise from want of funds; and from the low rate at which the oper- ators are paid in these gardens. This seems to be the case, and it is much to be regretted, as it prevents the royal gardeners from displaying their skill and taste. Judging from the pine-apples grown in the forcing-departments at Kensington and Hampton Court, there is reason to believe this would be highly creditable to themselves, and exemplary to the nation.
7452. The royal gardeners were formerly much consulted by private gentlemen on the subject of their profession: this is still the case, though in a much less degree, and more now as to garden structures or culture, than as to matters of design and taste. With re- ference to this circumstance, the professional skill of royal gardeners ought to be of the first order, as their opinion will always be law to a certain number of the court; but for the culture and produce of the gardens(situated as these now are), less professional skill is wanting ina royal gardener than in a private head gardener, as deficiencies in products can always be made up from the commercial eardeners, OF from Covent-garden,
1052 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. sie ate!
Secr. II. Commercial Gardens.
7453. Of commercial gardens, the lowest species are what are called ploughed or Jar- mers’ gardens. One or two are to be found near all large towns, and a number round London. They extend from fifty to a hundred and fifty acres or upwards, and are almost entirely cultivated by the plough and other agricultural implements. Their possessors are small farmers, and the chief difference between this Jarm-gardening, and common farming is, that the green crops that intervene between the corn crops are more highly cultivated, and instead of being consumed on the farm, are sent to market as culinary ve- getables, or food for stall-fed cows. The crops of every kind, but especially the green crops, are cultivated in drills, two close together, with a wide interval, by which means abundance of room is left to plough and horse-hoe the broad interval, and to sow a suc- ceeding crop there before the other is removed. In this way two crops are obtained most years, as a specimen of which we shall mention one of the common rotations, viz. 1. Peas, with dung, two rows near each other, and a wide interval; 2. Turnips in the intervals; 3. Drilled wheat between the turnips; 4. Turnips, with dung, in drills after the wheat. These four crops are put in, and removed within two years, the ground being in good heart.
7454. The seed-garden is the next species, and forms one of the points of union between horticulture and agriculture. These gardens or small farms are not numerous, and con- fined chiefly to two or three counties near the metropolis. They consist of from five to twenty acres or upwards, in part cultivated by the plough; the occupier is not generally a bred gardener, but sometimes is so, and unites with the business of seed-grower that of market or nursery gardener. The seeds he cultivates are generally limited to a few kinds; thus chervil, radish, and cress seeds are grown chiefly in the neighborhood of Saffron- Walden in Essex; cabbage-seeds at Battersea; onions at Deptford; peas in Kent, turnips in Norfolk; rape in Lincolnshire; mustard in the county of Durham,&c. The great art is to grow the seeds true to their kind, for which purpose one grower must not attempt too many varieties of the same species, but he may grow a number of different species, and of varieties of the same species, provided they do not come into flower at the same time. Such seeds as are raised in large quantities, as turnip, mustard, cress, maw or poppy-seed, peas,&c. are either sold privately by samples, to the London or other seeds- men, or exposed publicly in the seed-market in Mark-lane, London, or in local country markets. But for the greater number of seeds, the practice is for the nurserymen abou; London to grow a sample of it in their own grounds as pure and perfect as possible, and then to send it to the seed-farmer to be sown and cultivated by him, and the seed ripened, cleaned, and sent to the nurserymen, at a fixed rate, by the ewt. or bushel. Flower-seeds are generally grown by nurserymen themselves; many of the other sorts by market-gar- deners, and many kinds are received from the head gardeners of private gentlemen.
7455. Grass-orchards( Vergers agrestes, Fr.) form the next point of union between farm- ing and gardening.‘There are a number of them in the cider counties, and in the Vale of Clyde, and Carse of Gowrie. A suitable soil and site are chosen, the surface, if not in pasture, is sown with grass-seed, and standard fruit-trees, chiefly apples and pears, and sometimes, as in Shropshire, plums and walnuts are planted in rows, and properly fenced. They receive little pruning, and generally receive no other care but that of gathering the fruit, which is either made into cider; stored in cellars; or sent immediately to market. As the trees get old and covered with moss or mistletoe, or infected with canker, shakes, or rottenness, they are scarified, headed down, and sometimes regrafted or rooted out and renewed, according to circumstances.(See The Orchardist, by Bucknal, and Hints to Proprietors of Orchards, by W. Salisbury.)
7456. Ploughed orchards differ in nothing from the grass-orchards but in being con- stantly or occasionally under aration.‘The trees stand in quincunx, and every year the direction of the furrows is changed: thus, the first year it may be ploughed east and west; the second, south-east and north-west; the third, south and north; and the fourth, south-west and north-east. The stem of each tree is thus left in the centre of a square or rhomboid of turf of four feet on the side. The ground is cropped as in com- mon farming, or farm-gardening. eetue
7457. Market-gardens.(7358.) The number of these is considerable; their situation is near laree towns or seaports, and their extent from one to fifty acres or upwards; some near London extend to upwards of a hundred acres. The object of all is to pro- duce culinary vegetables and fruit for public sale, either as called for at the garden or garden-shop; as wanted by the green-grocer; or exposed in the public market, Some of these gardens are general, producing every description of culinary fruit and vegetable, hardy, exotic, and foreed, in demand; of which, as examples, may be mentioned the Earls Court garden, of upwards of sixty acres, and with extensive hot-houses, by Gunter; the Hoxton garden, nearly equally extensive, by Grange; and the Isleworth gardens, by Wilmot and Keens, Other gardens near the metropolis are devoted chiedly to particular
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Boox I. COMMERCIAL GARDENS. 1053
crops; as that of Biggs, at Mortlake, to asparagus; some at Battersea, to cabbage and cauliflower; at the Neats-houses, to celery; at Deptford, to asparagus and onions; Charlton and Plumstead, to peas,&c. In some gardens attention is chiefly paid to forcing early, and growing late crops; in others, as at Lambeth, by Andrews, exotic fruits, as pines and grapes, are chiefly grown. Ata greater distance from town, articles of easy carriage, as gooseberries, strawberries, asparagus, tart-rhubarb, sea-kale,&c. are leading articles; and in small gardens in the immediate vicinity of the metropolis, nothing is sent to market; but salads, as water-cress, radishes, lettuce, parsley, herbs, and flowers are the chief articles grown, and they are sold in small quantities on the spot. The market-gardeners near seaports direct their attention chiefly to the produce of cabbage, onions, turnips, and such vegetables as are in demand as ships’ stores. Th most parts of the country it happens, that from bankruptcies, absence of families, and such like causes, the produce of a number of private gardens is sent to market. This is a good deal the case near London; but so much so round Liverpool and Manchester, that scarcely a market-gardener is to be found near these towns. Indeed, many of the citizens there who possess villas and gardens, cultivate them as much for the sake of the disposal of the produce as for their own enjoyment.
7458. Market-gardeners on a small scale have generally been master or head gardeners, who have acquired a capital from a number of years’ servitude; those occupying more extensive concerns are generally the sons or successors of other market-gardeners, and possess considerable capital. An important point in the culture of these gardens is to supply abundance of manure and water in dry weather; these always produce luxuriant and succulent crops of leaves, though obviously injurious in respect to flavor. A proper rotation and change of surface are also important; and in smaller crops it is a material the rudiments of one crop always ready to succeed another. Thus radishes,
point to have lettuces, and onions are sown on asparagus-beds; the radishes are soon drawn, and suc- ceeded by the lettuces and onions, which are left only in places where they will not injure the asparagus; the lettuces come into use soon after the asparagus is cut, part of the onions are drawn young, and the rest left to bulb. In the alleys between the beds, cauliflowers are planted early in the season, and between these, at a later period, cucum- bers, which, with their runners, cover the vacant parts both of the alleys and beds.‘Thus six crops are obtained in succession, and the ground is clear by October for landing up the beds. Early cauliflowers are generally a profitable crop. The seeds are sown in August, pricked out, and planted under hand-glasses, six under each, in October. The glasses are placed in rows, ten feet apart, and at four feet distance from centre to centre “a the row: thus an acre contains 1092 glasses. After the cauliflowers are planted, the ground is sown with lettuces and spinage; if the lettuce stands the winter, it is valuable, and grows fast when the soil is stirred round it in March. About this time, four of the six plants under each glass are removed, and planted in a warm situation, or in the shel- tered alleys of the asparagus-beds. About the beginning of May the cauliflowers are too large for the glasses, and are just coming into flower. As they are gathered and their
roots removed, they are replaced by cucumber-plants, previously raised in hot-beds, and
now containing two or more proper leaves. In July the middle of the intervals between
the rows of glasses is planted with endive, and between each glass two cauliflower-plants
are planted to come in late. Thus five crops are raised, all valuable ones, if the ground
was previously in good heart, and was kept frequently well stirred, and quite free from
weeds. The following are common rotation: 1. Radishes, carrots, savoys or cabbages, or
coleworts;%. Early turnips, autumn cabbage; 3. Spring turnips, French beans, savoys,
or peas and spinage, and leeks or broccoli.
7459. In sowing broad-cast crops it is found of advantage to sow several sorts of seeds together, because some of them may fail or be destroyed by insects after they come up: if all come up and thrive, then such sorts as are least valuable may be treated as weeds. Thus onions, radishes, lettuce, and carrots, are often sown together; sometimes the carrots are wed out, and the best crop 1s the onions; at other times the onions partially fail, and are drawn for salading or transplanting, and the lettuce is the main crop, Radishes are often sown with turnips, as a sacrifice to the fly, while the turnips escape.
7460. In general ail transplanted crops, and as many sown ones as possible, are drilled; and for bulky crops, as cabbages, peas, beans,&c. it is an approved practice to sow or plant two rows near to each other, and then leave a wide interval, in which a dwarf early crop, or crops of short duration, as spinage, let- tuce,&c. is sown. By the time the main crop is at its full size, the inter-crop is removed; the ground is then dry, and another crop, as cabbages or turnips, introduced, which is ready in its turn to succeed as the main crop. In this way, no part of a market-garden is ever left naked or cropless, at least during summer, and though these intervening crops are often injured when young by the shade of the main crops, yet, if the ground be in high order, they soon recover when freely exposed to the air, and the ground is stirred. If the land, however, is not in good heart, it is a better system to adopt a rotation, and stir the whole ground well between cach crop, because here, the soil being poorer, a greater volume is required to supply the same nourishment: quantity is substituted for quality.
7461. With respect to the comparative market value of crops, they must, on the gencral average, be nearly on a par; if one crop is at any time dearer than another, it is in consequence of being more precarious or expensive to raise; if one article is very dear at one time, it is immediately overgrown, and becomes pro- portionally cheap. To grow something of every thing 1s safe for those who have extensive concerns; select things for those who devote their whole attention to small spots; and things Jong of coming to per- fection, as tart-rhubarb, sea-kale, asparagus,&c. to those who have capital. It is never advisable to propagate a dear article very extensively, as every body is likely to be doing the same thing; it is better
even to adopt a contrary practice.
1054 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Pia LV:
7462. A good deal of the profit of market-gardening depends on studying the state of the market= j gathering crops sparingly when things are low, and in sending liberal supplies at time ey oem weather or other causes, they are, or are likely to be high. This requires both judgment the needy grower must sell at any price. i
’Ss, where, from and capital, for
_ 1463. Orchard-gardens. These are distinguished from the parterre or field orchards in being cultivated with the spade, and cropped like a market-garden; indeed, they ae so much allied to market-gardens, as hardly to require any separate discussion. In general, several kinds of fruit-trees are cultivated together, as tree-fruits, shrub-fruits and herbaceous fruits; but some spots, from the soil, and probably superior culture, Hee noted for particular kinds of fruit, as Twickenham and Roslin, for strawberries; Maid- stone, for filberts and cherries; Pershore for currants,&c. An account of the Isleworth mode of growing strawberries has been given in the Horticultural Transactions by Keens, an eminent grower of fruits and culinary vegetables. The filberts are planted in rows alternately with rows of cherry-trees; and, as temporary crops, a row of gooseberries, currants, or raspberries, are planted in each interval. Currants are grown extensively round Pershore, and the fruit sold to the manufacturers of British wines. They are also grown in Kent and Essex in rows eight feet asunder, and four feet from tree to tree. Early in spring the ground is dug, and sown with spinage; to that succeed potatoes, and to those cabbages, which last are gathered as coleworts before winter: four crops, including the fruit, are obtained in one season.
7464. Herb and physic gardens.‘These are of limited number and extent, and gene- rally occupied along with market or seed gardens. There are one or two for peppermint and a few other herbs, near Edinburgh, and the rest are in the vicinity of the metropolis, and chiefly at Mitcham in Surrey. Peppermint is a principal crop, which requires a moist soft soil, and to be taken up and replanted every three or four years. Lavender is grown to a considerable extent on lean soil, as is chamomile, wormwood, rosemary, thyme,&c. Licorice and rhubarb require a deep free soil; roses, which are grown in large quantities for their flowers, require a rich soil; white lilies and colchicum, grown for their bulbs, require a new soil. In one or two gardens near the metropolis, many species of herbs are grown to gratify the demand of certain classes of medical men, of self-doctors, and of quacks and irregular practitioners. Formerly there were many gar- dens of this sort; apothecaries generally grew a great part of their own herbs, and col- lected the rest in the fields; and hence the reason why so many of them formerly were eminent as botanists; but at present the only remarkable herb-varden is that of Messrs. Dicksons and Anderson at Croydon.‘These herbalists and seedsmen have constantly on sale, at their long established and respectable shop in Covent-garden, upwards of 500 species, including all the varieties mentioned by Culpepper and other herbalists of the 17th century. There are still one or two herb-shops which collect their simples in a wild state; but land is now so generally cultivated, that even if there were a demand for native herbs, this mede would not be very successful. It may be mentioned as a curious fact, that in Weston’s time,(say about 1750,) winter savory, chamomile, pennyroyal, peppermint,&c. were grown in the common fields near London, where cattle were turned out all the winter; the scent of these herbs being so disagreeable to these animals as to cause them to avoid them.(ieston’s Tracts,&c. 71.) All herbs should be gathered dry, and in sunshine after dry weather; they should be dried in the shade, and when perfectly dried, pressed close by a press or weights, and enclosed in paper. The packets should then be deposited in a dry place, and when opened for use always carefully shut afterwards. The practice of hanging up herbs in loose bundles, tends to dry them too much and dissipate their flavor.
7465. Market jflower-gardens. These are devoted to the culture of flowers for sale when in blossom; either cut as nosegays, or in pots. They are chiefly to be found in the neighborhood of the metropolis, where a sort of division of objects exists among them. Some gardens are noted for their roses; others, as that of D. Carter at Fulham, for growing the narcissus tribe; Colville in the King’s Road, for geraniums; Henderson at Paddington, for cheap heaths; the Bedford nursery for mignonette; and Smith, at Dalston, for forced flowers of all sorts. These gardens are not large; generally from one to a dozen of acres, and they are occupied by gardeners who have been brought up to this department of their profession. The standard articles of cultivation are roses, espe- cially the moss-rose for nosegays; the monthly rose is also much grown in pots for spring and autumn sale. The sweetbriar is in demand for its odor; honeysuckles, lilacs, mezereons, rhododendrons, azaleas, spirzeas, double and scarlet-blossomed jasmines, laburnums, rose-acacias, are in great repute, especially when forced. All sorts of evergreens, as pines, firs, laurels, cypresses, arbor-vites, hollies, yews, and above all, laurustinus and box, are much in demand for decorating balconies, flat roofs, areas, courts, lobbies,&c. Potted fruit-trees in bearing have generally a ready sale, and espe- cially the grape and peach.
pers
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7466. Of
other potted may be pal jyacint al yeas ago u keep in li ducts accor market-florist cially for tho the grower$ many of thel recovers 7467. st sale of the P cepting nea most other| have auxilia this sort, pa Road; Mac second for pl and dificult their exclusive them from de vators of hot-t quricula or car either near Lot nich and well
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7468, Nurs and shrubs, flowers is ofte roots, and gar ness, Henex to a certain d there is one ¢ number, and tent near towr fifty acres> in ot In general the tal, and cont hardy fruitetre and the metro nursery, war} or American mellia, erica, rah astricts, as tf which they s¢
7469, The sud Tequires a more tHe business jg ¢ ud Botany-bay Gciteate and acer ding, and layerir ES of the scion
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Book I. COMMERCIAL GARDENS. 1055
The common flowers for nosegays are snowdrops, anemones, narcissi, tulips, tuberoses, irises, rose-campions, sweet- narcissi, hyacinths, ranunculuses, tulips, liliums, auriculas, peas, lupins, roses, lilacs, sweetbriars, mezereons,&c. polyanthuses, carnations, pinks, sweetwilliams, sweetpeas, The exotics in most common demand are myrties, geraniums, wailflowers, many other border-flowers, and most 0 the| hydrangeas, heaths, camellias, Chinese roses, heliotropes, biennial and annual kinds. fuchsias,&c.
The flowers prolonged in duration by being placed under glass The flowering plants generally kept in pots are auriculas, before frost approaches, being in pots, are mignonette, polyanthuses, pinks, carnations, violets, foxgloves, vero- stocks of all the sorts; nasturtiums,,veronicas, violets, gen- nicas, dahlias, chrysanthemums, phloxes, and saxifragas of tians, monthly roses, laurustinus, clematis, dahlia, and chry- sorts, most of the bulbs and many of the annuals and biennials. santhemum. The flowers blown in water-glasses are the hyacinth and nar-
The forced flowers are chiefly the pink tribe, violets, wall- cissus chiefly, and also the crocus, tulip, amaryllis, colchi- flowers, ten-week stocks, common stocks, hyacinths, crocuses, cum, iris,&c.
7466. Of mignonette, perhaps more pots are sold in and near the metropolis than of any other potted plant whatever; fifty years ago it was hardly known. Next to mignonette may be named stocks, pinks, sweetpeas and wallflowers, among the hardy plants; hyacinths, among the bulbs; and geraniums and myrtles, among the exotics. Some years ago heaths and camellias were chiefly in repute; these being found difficult to keep in living-rooms, the public taste has changed, and the flower-grower varies his pro- ducts accordingly. All these, and other sorts of plants in pots, are also lent out by the market-florist, to decorate private or public reoms on extraordinary occasions, but espe- cially for those midnight assemblages called routs. This is the most lucrative part of the grower’s business, who generally receives half the value of the plants lent out, as many of them, and generally those of most value, are so injured by the heat as never to recover.
7467. Florists’ gardens are devoted to the culture of florists’ or select flowers for the sale of the plants and roots, There are not many exclusively devoted to this branch, ex- cepting near Manchester and the metropolis. Those near Manchester, Paisley, and most other provincial towns are generally on a small scale, and cultivated by men who have auxiliary resources of livelihood; but near London are some extensive concerns of this sort, particularly those of Milliken and Curtis of Walworth; Davy of the King’s Road; Mackie of Clapton,&c.; the first is celebrated for tulips and most bulbs; the second for pinks and carnation; the last for auriculas. This is one of the most delicate and difficult branches of gardening, and is only successfully pursued by such as devote their exclusive attention to it. The great difficulty is to preserve fine varieties, and keep them from degenerating or sporting; many gardeners, excellent propagators and culti- vators of hot-house and green-house plants, find it a very difficult task to grow a fine auricula or carnation; and their flowers would cut but a poor figure at the florists’ shows, either near London or in the country. Much depends on the soil, which requires to be rich and well mellowed by time. It is also the most precarious branch of commercial gardening as a means of subsistence, since the purchasers are not so much the wealthy mercantile class who possess villas, or the independent country gentlemen, in whose gar- dens fine florists’ flowers are seldom seen, as the tradesman and middling class. The income of these being temporary, that is, depending in a great measure on personal ex- ertion, and the current demand for their produce is, of course, easily affected by political changes, which make little difference to the man whose income arises from a fixed capital.
7468. Nursery-gardens.(7335.) In these are propagated and reared all sorts of trees and shrubs, and all other herbaceous plants in general demand: the culture of florists’ flowers is often combined to a certain extent, and the dealing in seeds imported, bulbous roots, and garden-implements and machines, is generally considered a part of the busi- ness. Hence the designation of nurseryman, seedsman, and florist, formerly, and still, to a certain degree, common on their sign-boards. Of this class of commercial gardens, there is one or more in most counties of Britain, and a few in Ireland; but the greater number, and by far the most important, are in the vicinity of the metropolis. Their ex- tent near town is limited; some contain only an acre or two, but others occupy forty or fifty acres; in the country where land is cheap, some are of double or treble that extent. In general they have been commenced by head gardeners, who had acquired a little capi- tal, and continued by their sons or successors. In country nurseries, the commoner hardy fruit-trees, and tree and hedge plants, are the chief products: near Edinburgh and the metropolis some embrace every article of nursery produce, as the Hammersmith nursery, unrivalled in the world; others deal chiefly in fruit-trees, green-house plants, or American plants; and some almost limit themselves to particular species, as the ca- mellia, erica, geranium,&c. The Scotch nurseries, and especially those of the northern districts, as that of Gibbs at Inverness, are famous for the raising of forest tree seedlings, which they send in large quantities to all parts of the three kingdoms.
7469. The subject of nursery-culture embraces almost every part of gardening; since no department requires a more general knowledge, or so much attention and practical adroitness. The essential part of the business is the art of propagation; which, in some cases, as in multiplying heaths, and other Cape and Botany-bay plants, by cuttings, and in raising even the pine and fir tribes from seed, requires very delicate and accurate manipulation, and constant subsequent care and attention. Even grafting, bud- ding, and layering, require to be carefully, skilfully, and expeditiously performed, and the future pro- gress of the scion, bud, or shoot, carefully watched. Next te propagating, rearing requires attention, and
especially transplanting and pruning; on the former depends the state of the roots, and of course the
——
1028 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV,
fitness of the plant for removal; andon the latter, very often, the future figure of the tree. J and French nurserymen are in some respects superior tradesmen to those of Britain: they generally re move all plants for sale, especially the ligneous sorts, every second or third year, and continue doing tt a with fruit-trees for seven or ten years, training their heads at the same time in particular forms 2 The purchaser finds their heads already formed and bearing fruit, and with such tufts of fibrous roots tl Ae they suffer very littie from removal. Even thorn, privet, yew, and other hedge plants are trained in this way, and ready made hedges may be purchased by the foot cr yard.(Hort. Trans. 201.): a(470. The most skilful and vigilant nurseryman can seldom make his practice conform to his Ie Thus, many customers, from ignorance, indolence, or unforeseen circumstances, defer ordering what they want from their nurserymen till the last moment, which consequently prevents him from applying the requisite details of culture to his stock of plants and trees in the proper season. Thus the heading down of truit-trees is often delayed, in deference to late purchasers, til! the buds begin to push; and to cut them at that time, particularly vines, apricots, and cherries, would endanger their existence, and, at all events, enfeeble their shoots. In this case it is necessary to wait till they have made shoots Ghia ee inches, when they may be headed down not with much regard to shoots which have appeared, but more as they would have been cut in the proper season when nothing appeared but buds. The plant ina healthy, vigorous state, when so headed down to apparently dead or dormant eyes, will soon push, and regain in a great degree, the lost time; and, indeed, it may always be considered safe to rub off all shoots not in desirable situations, from healthy trees, provided it be done early in the season. Trees which are not in full health, whether recently transplanted or not, should, in general, be left with their tops on; the leaves on which will prepare nourishment to strengthen their roots, and they can be headed down the following season. Some persons, after the drawing season, fill up the blanks in the lines of fruit- trees, with stocks to be budded the same season. This may do in new and excellent soils, and where there is little demand for fruit-trees; but, in general, the best way is to fill up all blanks that cannot be filled up with the tree kind in the proper season, with culinary vegetables, either for the kitchen or for seed, or with flowers to produce seed.
‘he Dutch
nowledge.
ga Ae;::; 7471. The following are leading objects of nursery-management:—
7472. Correctness in the names given to plants and seeds of every description, and particularly to fruit- trees. To facilitate this, as to seeds and roots, their names should be painted on the various boxes, sacks, and chests in which they are kept; and as to fruit-trees, they should be designated by numbers painted on wooden, or better on cast-iron, tallies. Stools and stock-plants of every description, not very generally known, and, if possible, the whole of those planted along the borders, whether known or not, should have their systematic and English names painted on similar tallies; and smaller nerbaceous plants in pots, and all exotics in pots, excepting such as come under the head of fruit-trees or plants, as vines, pines,&c. should be named on small wooden tallies, written with a black-lead pencil on white-lead newly rubbed on. Seton’s number-stick(fig. 161.) is by far the best for temporary numbers to fruit-trees, or for numbering sown seeds or small plants. Some employ leaden, iron, or copper tallies, painted, but these are too con- spicuous, and require tco much labor in the preparation for a nursery. It appears to us, that, to prevent the chance of substituting one sort of fruit-tree for another, either by accident or design, the following mode might be adopted: let a catalogue of fruit-trees be printed by the nurseryman, and let it contain against each name the number placed against the plant in the nursery; then every autumn before the drawing season commences, let a person with steel types of the numerals, and a marking-iron with the initials of the nurseryman, go through the rows of fruit-trees and beginning at No. 1., say of apples, put type 1. in a proper socket prepared in the marking-iron, and mark each tree fit to move, a few inches above the graft; let him next do the same with No. 2., having changed the type; and so on with the apples and all other fruit-trees, not excepting the peach.‘This would not supersede the use of parch- ment labels to plants sold, but it would afford both to the nurseryman and the public who purchased his catalogue and his trees, a certain means of detecting error; as, should the label drop off in the hurry of carrying the trees to the packing-court, or in unpacking when arrived at their final destination, the number on the bark and the published catalogue could readily be referred to. If performed with a small sharp instrument, this practice could do no harm to the tree.
7473. Punctuality, accuracy, and despatch, in executing all orders.
7474. Rather procuring or omitting an article than sending off a bad one, unless under peculiar cir- cumstances, to be explained to the party.
7475. Careful packing, and such as suits the sort of articles, the season, the distance, or the climate to which they are to be sent, mode of carriage,&c.
7475. Keeping an exact account of men’s time, and being particular in mustering them every morning betore the hours of commencing work, and again at the hours of rest and refreshment. This may be greatly facilitateé by causing them all to enter and go out at the same gate, which ought to be that at the counting-house; anda bell or horn should call them to or from work.
7477. Keeping a vigilant eye to the men while at work, especially with strangers, till you have proved to them that you know what they can do by day or hour, by fair labor.
7478. Having one principal foreman or partner for the whole, and sub-foreman for the exotic, Ameri- can, herbaceous, general nursery, and seed departments. j
7479. Having a proper person employed as@ traveller; or yourself or partner taking that department.
7480, Acting on all occasions with the utmost impartiality between gentlemen and their gardeners, leaning rather to the latter, in all doubtful cases, as the weaker party, according to the common consent and practice of all mankind.;;;
7481. Paying all workmen, and, at all events your foremen, such wages for their labor as may not tempt them either to idleness or pilfering themselves, or to countenance these practices in others.
7482. Publishing a printed catalogue ona scientific principle, of every article you have, or intend to have, for sale, with the names, synonyms, some description of the fruits, and reference to a figure of the plant or fruit in some generally known work; and placing, as above observed(7472.), the same num- ber opposite the names of your fruit-trees in the catalogue, as is actually placed against them on cast- iron tallies in the nursery, and annually in autumn, before the drawing season, impressed on all of them fit for sale, with a marking-iron and types.. ea bagi a
7483. Attending at all times and seasons; and in every part of the nursery to frugality(avoiding mean- ness) and neatness, keeping every where a vigilant eye, and always being beforehand rather than be-
hind, with the different operations of cultivation. Much of neatness depends on the master’s insisting that every workman shall clean up and finish as completely as practicable, every operation as he goes along. Having taken up a tree or a plant, he ought never to forget to level up the hole; pees pruned one, he ought at the same time to pick up the shoots, or if in a course of pruning, he should have a boy or woman going after him to do so, or, at all events, they ought to be picked up the same day. A cor- responding attention to order and neatness is requisite in every other operation; and this attention once beccme a habit, will be found a saving of labor, and a source of profit as well as of pleasure.
7484. The management of the seed department is comparatively simple. The chief
difficulty for seedsmen who are beginners, and at a distance from the metropolis, is the
Sas a it] ordering the proper quantities of each seed from the growers or wholesale dealers. The guides to this are the proportions of the different crops usually grown in private gar- dens, and the wants of the class who are likely to become purchasers. The same diffi-
culty occult y The difere™* known by S* ag that they
‘Though Tew vrtial fail pat in WhIC ats
{ nore Ye
n495,
Asparogin
years. AT yion, two Year nlants
Acetanous years. four)
Jiable to be exposed{0a
Jn packing s seeds to Al enveloped 7 ¢
7487, Bi kept out of seedesliops as
and the more(
roots retain the 1488, The J flower, and In other countries France; carrot, The hardier bul other hardy sort Hope, as ix, Japan ily,&e collectors at th North Americ 7489, The duty and care ought to selec asin some de to this, the nu tomers to rece mended has ac accordingly, gardeners, mu cealing out ap become sloyen might thus be tice,‘This is find with the The nurseryy mediator betn Interference 9 gardens kept removed from Poper opporte
490, Ther enclosed areas|
pr md od U
at I as of P
eh mig ively si
Boox 1}. PUBLIC GARDENS. 1057 culty oceurs in beginning almost every business, and is only to be overcome by experience. Whe different periods to which different seeds retain their vegetative powers require to be known by seedsmen, as well that they may not furnish lifeless seeds to their customers, as that they may not throw away as useless such as are possessed of the vital principle. Though few seeds are kept by respectable seedsmen above a year, yet in cases where a yartial failure has taken place in the seed crop, most sorts will grow the second year a 5 3 D: er that in which they have ripened. Some, however, will keep from two to five or ten or more years; and others for an unknown length of time. 7485. The latest periods at which the seeds most generally in demand may be expected to grow freely are the following:— Cabbage tribe. Four y Leguminous culinary Esculent roots. Beet, ten y one year. Parsnep, one year. Radish, two yee two years. Skirret, four years. Scorzonera, two ye Spinaceous plants. Spinage, four years. White beet, ten| Plants used in tarts,&c. generally two years; but the Rhubarb
years. Orache, one year. Purslane, two years. Herb- only one year; and Gourd, Pompion,&c. ten years. patience, one year.| Flerbaceous fruits. The C ucumber and Melon, ten or more
Parsley will grow at six years. Dill and Fennel, five years. ; vil, six years. Marigold, three years. Borage, four
{
les. One year.|
ars. Turnip, four years. Carrot,| ¥ als sify,
generally two years; but Rue and Rosemary, 2 years 5 and Hyssop, six years.
Alliaceous plants.‘Iwo years.| years. Love-apple, Capsicum tribe, and Egg-plant, two years. Asparaginous plants. Asparagus, four years. Se| Annual and biennial flower-seeds, gene rally two years; but years. Artichoke, three years. Cardoon, two y| some grow with difficulty the second year: they are sel- pion, two years. Alisanders, and the thistles, t| dom kept by seedsmen longer than one year. }
two years. Lettuce, thr Perennial flower-seeds, the same.
Acetarious plants, in ge Burnet, six years. Mustard,| Tree-sceds. Stones, two years; and some, as the Haw, three;
years. Endive, four ye
four years. Tarragon, four years. Sorrel, seven years. Celery,| put they are in general of very doubtful success the second ten years.‘ x. Acorms will scarcely grow the second year; Elm, Pot-herbs and garnishing plunts, in general two years; but| poplar, and Willow seeds, not at all.
7486. All seeds ought to be kept dry, and the air as much as possible excluded; but those liable to be attacked by insects, as the pea, bean, turnip, 3 radish,&c. should be occasionally exposed to air and friction, by being passed through a winnowing machine.(fig.283.) The more rare seeds should be kept in their pods till, the season for using. Seeds received from foreign countries should, in general, be sown as soon as possible after their arrival. In packing seeds for the home demand, no particular process is requisite; but in sending seeds to America or the East Indies, the sorts which soon lose their vitality should be enveloped in clay, tallow, or wax, or put up in bottles rendered air and water tight.(2311.)
7487. Bulbous roots, with the exception of the anemone and ranunculus, can only be kept out of ground a few months with propriety, though some are often found in the seed-shops as late as May. When thoroughly dry they may be kept in bags or boxes, and the more delicate sorts wrapt up in papers separately. Ranunculus and anemone roots retain their vegetative powers two, and sometimes three years.
7488. The Englisa seed-growers and seed-collectors furnish the greater part of culinary, flower, and indigenous tree-seeds sold in the shops, but a part“also are obtained from other countries; as of onion-seed from Genoa; anise, basil,&c. from the south of France; carrot, onion, and a variety of seeds, when the English crop fails, from Holland. The hardier bulbs, as crocus, daffodil,&c. are for the most part grown in England: the other hardy sorts are obtained from Guernsey, as the Guernsey li ly; the Cape of Good Hope, as ixia, gladiolus,&c.; from South Aimerica, as the tuberose; or China, as the Japan lily,&c.‘The seeds of tender exotic trees and shrubs are obtained from the seed- collectors at the Cape, New Holland, and other foreign settlements; and of others from North America.
7489. The recommendation of head gardeners forms an important part of anurseryman’s duty and care, and one in which he may render essential services to horticulture. He ought to select such as are well qualified for what they undertake, and consider himself as in some degree responsible for the conduct of the p*:son recommended. In addition to this, the nurseryman, in the yearly tour he generally mz ikes among his country cus- tomers to receive payments and‘take‘orders, should observe whether the person recom- mended has acted according to his expectations, and should exhort, reprove, or approve, accordingly.[he nurseryman, while on this tour, by seeing a number of gardens and gardeners, must, by comparison, be well able to judge of their merits; and by. judiciously dealing out approbation or blame, might do much good. The good"gardener, who had become slovenly, from not seeing eines gardens, or os om the indifference of his employer, might thus be recalled to his duty, and the art not suffered to be disgraced by his prac- tice. This is also the time for gentlemen to state to nurserymen the f faults they fay e to find with their gardeners, so that they, by their advice, may endeavor to correct them. The nurseryman who has recommended a gardener, is the only person who can act as a mediator between this gardener and his employer; and we repeat, that by the judicious interference of well eatacred and experienced nurserymen, much good might be done;
gardens kept in better order, and gardeners improv‘ed and ret tained, instead of being anioned from their situations without being properly informed of their errors, and a proper opportunity afforded them of amendment
Secr. III. Public Gardens.
7490. There are very few public gardens in Britain; and we can only refer to the enclosed areas of the public squares and parks of the metropolis and principal cities, to
33 SC
pa. ae oe oe
1058 STATISTICS OF GARDEN
NG. Parr IV.
the botanic gardens of the universities and other public bodies, and to the eardens of
a... be}> the two horticultural societies.
7491. The public squares are generally kept in order by jobbing gardeners at a certain rate by the year. The principal part of their business consists in keeping the grass short, by mowing once a fortnight in summer, and rather seldomer in spring and autumn; in keeping the gravel clean, and keeping up a display of flowers in the dug groups.
7492. The public parks and other equestrian promenades are mostly managed by officers appointed by government; being once formed, and the trees grown up, they require little annual expense.‘The Mary-le-bonne or Regent’s Park is in part let as a nursery-ground, and, instead of a rent, the occupier is bound to plant a certain number of trees the first year of his lease, to nurse up these, and leave a certain number of them on each acre at the end of his lease. A considerable part of this park is also, as already mentioned, let to private persons for the purpose of erecting villas, which, though it will control the rambles of the pedestrian, will give and maintain a woody appearance, without any expense to the public.
7493. The botanic gardens of the universities are under the general direction of the professor of botany, and managed by a head gardener or curator: those, founded by subscribers, or a society, as the gardens of Liverpool, Hull, Glasgow, and Dublin, are under the direction of a committee, and similarly managed. The duties common to curators are the keeping up and increasing the collection of plants; those who manage university-gardens, have, in addition, to furnish specimens of certain plants in sufficient numbers for the use of the professor and students. In some cases, the curator is required to instruct students; and in others, he is permitted to do this, and to take pupils-or ap- prentices for his own emolument. Most gardens exchange, and some, as that of Liver- pool, sell plants and seeds.
7404. On the cultivation of botanic gardens we shall offer only a few general hints. Instead of the prin- ciple of rofation, is here substituted that of a xenewad, partial or wholly, of the soil. On shallow soils it is to be effected by removal of the whole, or a proportion of the old soil, and the introduction, and thorough mixture of a proportionate quantity of geod virgin loam, or of virgin peat, bog, or sand, according to the plot or border to be renewed. In rock-works, and bogs, American grounds, and in most of what may be called particular habitats, there is no other way; but in the plots which contain the general arrange- ments, deep trenching may partiaily or wholly supply its place.
7495. Manure cannot altogether be dispensed with in botanic gardens, particularly for some or most of the vegetables which will be included under the culinary, agricultural, and flower-garden departments; but, in general, decayed leaves is the best manure for all other plants and trees, not in a state of mon- strosity or otherwise changed by cultivation. 3
7496. Sheitering and shading are parts of culture which demand very considerable attention in botanic gardens, especially in warm climates. Delicate plants which require a moist atmosphere, as some alpines and Americans, require to be closely covered with a hand-glass, and this again partially with a wicker case during the whole summer, even. if under the shade of a wall or hedge.
7497. In sowing, and causing to vegetate, seeds which have been brought from a distance, a good deal of skill is often requisite. Sowing in very fine earth in pots, covering them with a bell, and placing them in the shade and in moist heat, is the most likely mode to succeed, whatever climate the seeds may have been sent from. T'o this, some add previous steeping of the seed in pure water, and in water impregnated with oxygenated muriatic acid. Others water with water impregnated with this acid or with its gas; some charge the earth of the pot with the gas, and others invert a bell-glass over it, containing an at- mosphere partly or wholly composed of the gas.(See Hill, in Hort. Trans. vol. i. 233.) All these modes, and others suggested by vegetable chemistry, may be tried; but where the vital principle is not extinct, the first mode will generally be found sufficient. Numerous annual and biennial seeds require to be sown every year, independently of seeds of new sorts from foreign countries. For collections of these in beds or ina general arrangement, the mode of sowing in rows across the bed, is obviously the best; and several rows radiating from a polygonal tally in the centre, is the most economical, as admitting of the greatest number of sorts in the least space.
7498. With respect to management, there are various duties belonging to the office of curator of a public botanic garden which are peculiar to the situation; some of which we shall briefly enumerate.
7499. Gathering and drying specimens to maintain the herbarium, and to exchange or give away; fre-
quently inspecting the herbarium to guard against damp and moths; collecting and preserving seeds of
every kind for the purposes of exchange. oe::
7500. Collecting wild plants, and seeking for new species in proper situations; im unfrequented haunts for herbaceous plants; in haunts much frequented by birds, for trees; in bays, and sheltered creeks, and shores, for aquatics; in rocky shores for marine plants; among the tops of snow-clad mountains in win- ter, for mc; in old forests in winter for lichens, and in spring for fungi, and so on.;
7501. Acclimating plants, by raising them from seeds, one generation after another, till the final progeny will endure the open air throughout the year.— Dr. Walker(Essays) states how the passiflora cerulea was acclimated in Scotland, merely by time, without propagation from seed. Sir Joseph Banks(Hort. Trans. vol. i. 21.), by sowing the seeds of succeeding generations of the zizania aquatica from 1791 to 1804, “ proved that an annual plant scarce able to endure the“ungenial summers of England, became, in four- teen generations, as strong and as vigorous as our indigenous plants are, and as perfect in all its parts as in our native climate.” Next to the ordinary duties of a botanic curator, this appears to us much the most important of the services he can render the horticulture and agriculture of his country.
7502. Distributing seeds, cuttings, and plants of all sorts, among all who are likely to keep them, and set a due value on them, but to none else. The illiberality of the administrators of some gardens, in this respect, has been much and deservedly blamed.‘The surest mode of preserving a plant in the country is, to render it as common as possible; and the easiest mode of effecting this is, to distribute a few specimens among the nurserymen. From an opposite conduct, many of the plants introduced at Kew, and described in the Hortus Kewensis, are not to be found in the Kew garden; and, thus, never having been dis- tributed, are lost to the country. The policy of this garden, fora number of years past, is considered as highly reprehensible: being supported by the public, it ought to have been devoted to its service.
Book I
wan Gig know 1
} oe wpetliarties OF| ‘rings which™
4, Dissent
aie turalised, Dy pl throw the part plant the root Curator Ander!
yrator Antes commons, aC
fised ‘of
we have anne t of the first E
Whitsuntiae know the name 7505, A ¢ hution, or§ Liverpool, fi sale; but th of other bot exchange m: that every tl once every t process, from hotanie name
three sheets, ¢
stl
letters stands, J
ned togeth
SHE tween British b these catalogues 7306, A call
printed names,
the numbers pla catalogue, If, in the synopsis work, as it is in and as an examp one curator wish allhe has to do is the numbers 0 Persoon’s Sun) 11,500 figures, (f Plants, and ¢ render commu cies plantarum 1507, The p do not admit o on the Formation ment, It is ir awe think, a| convenience in n0 part in makiy another is scatte There should, iy OF every descr &es a circum’ and the interm turalisation, an ments might ¢ lorming with th these might ha other Parts and. presented three te bot-houses 0 HOnging to th Terentia} one, Aid entes i
em al
ey
p 7 Pat BioxsT PUBLIC GARDENS, cs
be cardone
en of 7503. Giving the name and history of plants to all eager enquirers, in order to encourage a desire of botanical knowledge: to induce a taste for botany and the vegetable kingdom, by pointing out striking Ra a cetan peculiarities of plants to superficial observers, in order to attract their attention; trying to point out , things which may assimilate with the taste or foible of the person addressed; recollecting that sexual matters and matters bordering on the marvellous, are the most generally attractive to volatile or vacant
Utne and minds: in this way“ becoming all things to all men, in order, by all means, to gain some.” eR ate yo(904. Disseminating and dispersing seeds and plants of scarce natives, or of foreign sorts not yet na- > turalised, by placing them in their proper soils and habitats. Thus, when the aquatic plants are reduced, throw the parts taken from rare ones, into an adjoining ditch, lake, canal or river; scatter the seeds, and tly Tau hy plant the roots of wood-plants in plantations; arenarious plants on sandy soils or shores, cand so on. ron a! Curator Anderson of the Chelsea garden scatters all his spare seeds on Battersea, Clapham, and Wandsworth OUT Ute commons, and throws his spare aquatics into the Thames. The consequence is, that though only a few
te Brass
ID Patt a9 years practised, some rather scarce plants seem already naturalised in these places. Dickson, an enthusi- cer ig) astic botanist, naturalised that beautiful plant, the fresh-water soldier, in the ponds about Croydon; as ‘Eta Nuit we have done the same plant, and several others, in the Serpentine canal in Hyde Park. Salisbury, one Dumber of they of the first botanists of the age, and equally eminent as a horticulturist, thinking he could naturalise also, as already on our sandy shores the pancratium maritimum, planted a bulb in the Isle of Wight, among chelidonium
tf a corniculatum, and eryngium maritimum, with which he saw it growing wild below Montpelier(Hort. though It wil Trans. vol. i. 341.); and when at school, in the neighborhood of Halifax, in 1769, he was flogged in the oY annearanc Whitsuntide holidays, for helping to propagate the narcissus triandrus, and for running out of bounds te NY appearance, 2 med,= 5~$
y know the name of it at North Bierly.
1 dr 7505. A catalogue of every botanic garden should be printed for exchange, distri- 1 turecton of the i chee 4 s: Bo That ye bution, or sale. Very complete gardens, such as those of Kew, Cambridge, and ioe, founded by oa:’;- gah) 4;? ou
nd Tinhlin os Liverpool, find it answer to publish printed catalogues, with a view to remuneration by and Dublin, are He;:: c= ea 3( 2
rden, A 4: Entrance from London, and ornamental gardener’s proposed
us standard fruit compartment, A 5 lodge, C,
ruit glass, A 6 Assistant secretary's pro vosed lodge, Space unoccupied at S.E. angle,
Private road outside of the fence on
Kitchen-garden proposed lodge, C 9
Space unoccupied at S.W. angle, C6
Yards for stables, sheds, composts,&c., C7
Private road to’urnham-green, C 5
Entrance by the National School from Turnham-green, C 9.
The fruit and kitchen department(A) contains—
Site for£ Pits and forcing ground, A 7 Garden for small fruits, A'S Western slips for stocks, and fruit-wall border, A 9 Experimental ¢ arden, A 10.
6 the south, C 4 )
The ornamental department(B) contains—
Entrance to flower-garden, B 1 Flower-garden, B 2
7509.~The garden of the Caledonian Horticultural
Society is not yet in a state to be
discussed, — a
Cuar. ITI. vhical Survey of the British Tsles, iv respect to Gardening.
7510. The British isles are naturally and politically more favorable to the practice of hor- ticullure in all its branches than any other country in no country is so great a proportion of the surface covered with gardens, including, under this term, the parks or landscape- gardens, which surround gentlemen’s seats. The beauty and magnificence of these parks, and the villas, mansions, castles, and palaces, of which they are the appendages, far sur- pass what is to be met with in any other part of the world. The palaces and scenery of Italy are more interesting to artists and classical antiquaries, from the particular associ- ations necessarily connected with their pursuits; but the views of an accomplished and well regulated mind will extend to other kinds of excellence, as well as those of pictur- esque or classic beauty; and a man that knows to what extent civilisation and refinement are carried in different parts of the world, will look into the interior of these casinos and palaces, their gardens and farms, and enquire to what extent they would contribute, 1n their propriety, salubrity, furniture, produce, and management, to the gratification of the wants of an Englishman in his present state of refinement. In these particulars he will {ind them so very deficient, as to admit of no sort of
ral
r. Lopogra;
comparison with those of Britain.
Book*
wit, Of!
yh i follov ing ation S0me tb eglection oft which may n hough they sip, or even n mes of cou iy 1805 5 al that time Ml
| th
Kl 8y0, publish
there, W all a of Britain 0! of them; a0 occur which dered as th space that 9 we have ol! the natural| established ¢ a cr0ss( X} in country-t¢
7519, The
It) 1 an cultivated, ant 1 C5) ba) beautifully in hilly and moun
The mo:
east.
Ae cashire and Cl Sussex, The 1
| ha pn) trade, fas heen
within the cl ished 1792 to|
|
ath te covered With I
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\| and White beet
sidered as nea kent gardens and niagnitice examples of shires the see wickshire, an to the exter ber, and we,
in which thei
which they are
7618. MIDDL
Saturday, salesmen
by ten o’e different tonant fore
ate
‘ parts of the toy the prineipa
garden, there ay teive Very consid productions, and ofto the shops by
Paro]Y.
th hae been, MN details af
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4
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Boox I. GARDENS AND COUNTRY-RESIDENCKES. 1061
7511. Of the state of gardening in each of the different counties of the United Kingdom, the following notices are necessarily imperfect to a certain extent; from defective inform- ation some things are omitted, and erroneous statements may exist as to others. In the selection of the names of the principal country-residences, some are undoubtedly admitted which may not have that claim, in comparison to others which are excluded; and others, though they once had that claim, may now have it no longer, from neglect, change of owner- ship, or even destruction as a country-seat. Most of the descriptive hints, added after the names of country-residences, refer to the state they were in some years ago, some as far back as 1805; and the changes in the names of the possessors that may have taken place since that time must no doubt be the cause of various errors, though we have spared no pains to avoid them. The descriptive epithets, added to the names of places in the southern kingdom, are taken generally from the Beauties cf England and Wales(London, 26 vols. 8vo. published from 1801 to 1815); those of Scotland from the beauties of that country (5 vols. 8vo. Edin. published from 1802 to 1809); and those of Ireland from The Traveller’s Guide(1 vol. 8vo. Dublin, 1819), and from the information of a correspondent there, well acquainted with every part of that country. We have visited all the counties of Britain ourselves in 1804, 5, and 6, and since been professionally engaged in several of them; and we have also made a general tour of Ireland in 1811. When any remarks occur which are not found in the books referred to, they may, for the most part, be con- sidered as the result of our own observation at these periods or since. From the limited space that we can devote to this part of the work, these remarks are necessarily very few; we have omitted stating any thing as to the indigenous plants; and said very little as to the natural woods or artificial plantations of each county. All the seats which are of established celebrity, and are, or were, what are called show-places, are distinguished by a cross(x): of most ef these places accounts have been published in the local guides, sold in country-towns.
Secr. I. Gardens and Couniry-Residences of England.
7512. The surface of England is estimated at 32,150,000 acres, almost everywhere cultivated, and nowhere incapable of cultivation; in most places varied— gently and beautifully in some districts, and abruptly and on a grander scale in others.“he most hilly and mountainous districts are those of the north, and the most level those of the east. The most humid climates are those of the western and northern counties, as Lan- cashire and Cheshire; and the most dry those of the east and south, as Norfolk and Sussex. The richest soils, and those in which gardening, as an art of culture, and as a trade, has been carried to the greatest perfection, are those round the metropolis; there, within the circuit of ten miles, it is estimated(Lyson’s Environs of London, pub- lished 1792 to 1796), 500 acres are employed in raising culinary vegetables; S00 acres covered with fruit-trees and shrubs; 300 acres in medicinal herbs; 500 as nursery and florists’ gardens; besides not fewer than 1200 acres employed by farming gardeners in erowing potatoes for the market; and 1200 occupied with turnips, cabbages, parsneps, and white beet for milch-cows. Gardening, as an art of design and taste, may be con- sidered as nearly equally advanced in almost all the counties. Some of the most highly kept gardens and country-residences are in Middlesex and Surrey; of the most extensive and magnificent in Oxfordshire, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, and Devonshire. The best examples of cottagers’ and farmers’ gardens are in Essex, Kent, Norfolk, and Lanea- shire; the seed-gardens are chiefly in Essex and Kent; orchards in Herefordshire, War- wickshire, and Devonshire; and market- gardens and nurseries are distributed according to the extent and population of the different counties. These counties are forty in num- ber, and we shall take them in the order of the circuits made by the judges, being that in which their names are most generally associated in our memories, and that also in which they are not unaptly classed in regard to beauty and character.
7513. MIDDLESEX, occupies the north side of a vale watered by the Thames, and containing 179,200 acres, of which one part is clayey and another marshy, but the greater part productive. As containing the metropolis, it may be considered the richest county in the United Kingdom as to culinary and flower gardening.‘Ihe depdt or market, where chiefly these productions are cx] osed for sale, is Covent-garden, an open square, laid out with fixed temporary wooden shops and stalls. The vegetables and commoner fruits and fiowers are brought in by carts and waggons three days in the week,‘Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, so as to arrive in the market between three and five o’clock; they are then sold by regular salesmen to the retailers of the market, or to green grocers, fruiterers, and stall-keepers from different parts of the town. In general the terms are adjusted, and the market cleared of the vehicles and horses by ten o’clock or earlier in the summer, no more remaining in the market than what is found by the different tenants to be sufficient for the local consumption. The more. valuable fruits and flowers, such as forced strawberries, peaches, grapes, and pines, and forced roses, hyacinths, and nosegays, during winter, are gener ily sold by private contract to the fruit-shops in the market, or to others distributed in different parts of the town. The principal fruit-shop is that of Grange, 1n Piccadilly, who is the king’s fruiterer; the principal flower-shop that of Smith, in Covent-garden market. Besides the central market of€ ovent- garden, there are others in different parts of the town, as the Fleet, Newgate, 3orough,&c. which re- ceive very considerable supplies of the leading kinds of vegetables direct from the country; but the forced productions, and the more expensive fruits, are generally brought to Covent-garden, when not disposed of to the shops by private contract.
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Boox I. GARDENS OF
7515. The seed-market is held twice a-week, on
Mark-lane. Here the growers or holders of garden-seeds, and of such agricultural seec
MIDDLESEX. 10638
Mondays and Fridays, in a large roofed space in
» aS are commonly
sold by nurserymen, as clover, rye-grass,&C. attend and transact business by sample. The purchasers are the London retailers, or the wholesale dealers for their country customers; nothing is there sold by
retail.
7516. The produce of the nursery-gardens is sold on the spot; as is also that of the florists’ gardens; the
herb-growers sell their productions to the wholesale druggists and manuf
7517. The public gardens of Middlesex are as under:
Public Promenades.—The principal public promenades of the metropolis are the verdant areas of the squares, especially Finsbury, Russel, Grosvenor, and Berkeley Squares; and the public equestrian, and also walking promenades in this county, are the parks of St. James, the Hyde, and Mary-le-bonne.
Bolantc Gardens.—The only public botanic garden is that of Chelsea, containing between three and four acres. The origin of the Chelsea garden is involved in obscurity; the first notice of it in the books of the Apothecaries’ Society is in 1674, when it was proposed to wall it round; and two years afterwards, in 1676, they agreed to purchase the plants growing in Mrs. Gape’s garden at Westminster; which garden, it is thought, may have been the one mentioned in Evelyn’s Diary for 1658, as“the medical garden at Westminster, well stored with plants, under Morgan, a skilful botanist.” Piggott is the name of the first curator, noticed in 1676. Watts, mentioned both by Ray and Evelyn, was an apothecary by profession, but undertook the care of the garden in 1680, at 50/. per annum. Miller was appointed in 1722, at the time Sir Hans Sloane, when applied to for a renewal of the lease of the garden, granted it to the Society in perpetuity at a rental of ol. per annum, and on condition that specimens of fifty new plants should annually be furnished to the Royal Society till the number amounted to two thousand. Miller resigned his situation as curator two years before his death in 1770, and was succeeded by Forsyth, who went to be royal gardener in KXen- sington in 1784, and was succeeded by Fairbairn, who died in the garden in 1514. His situation is now filled by Wm. Anderson, who has greatly enriched the garden, and con- tributed materially to restore its high character. It may be noticed as a warning to gardeners, and indeed to all of us, that the two first curators, Watts and Miller, are said to have relaxed from their activity and got careless; and that Fairbairn neglected the garden for a number of years together. No proper catalogue of this garden has ever been published; with the exception of one, of the medical plants, by Miller and Rand, in 1730, and another of the same kind in 1739.
Farmers’ Gardens.—The principal of these are in the parishes of Chelsea, Hammersmith, and Fulham, to the west; and at Hoxton, Kingsland, Hackney,&c. to the east of the Metropolis. George Matyear of Fulham, Samuel Hutchins of Earl’s Court, Kensington, Cock and Dancer of Chiswick, and Brown and Reid of Hoxton and Kingsland, have the most extensive ploughed gardens; the smallest exceeding a hundred acres. Southfield Farm, near Parson’s Green, in Fulham, has been occupied jointly as a market-garden and a nursery for upwards of two centuries, and the whole of that time till the beginning of the present century, in the family of Rench. In this garden were produced the first pine-strawberry, and the first auricula, by the father of the late Mr. Rench, who also instituted the first artnualexhibition of flowers. He died at the age of ninety- nine years, having had thirty-three children. The late Mr. Rench, mentioned by P. Collinson, as famous for forest trees, introduced the moss-ro planted the elm-trees now growing in the Bird-cage Walk, St. James’s Park, from trees reared in his own nursery; married two wives, and had_ thirty-five children, and died in 1783, in the same room in which he was born, at the age of a hundred and one years. The grounds are now occupied as a market-garden by Mr. Fitch, who married one of the daughters.>
Vewetable Gardens and Garden Orchards— abound in the same parishes. The principal are those of Grange of Hoxton, and Gunter of Earl’s Court, each of which contains between sixty and enty acres, extensive forcing-houses and pineries, and walls for fruit-trees. The open garden is regularly planted with standard fruit-trees, and is more devoted to the production of fruits than of culinary vegetables. The garden of Wilmot at Isleworth is of the same character, and nearly equally extensive; and next is that of Michael Keens of the same place. The gardens of Brentford and Twickenham are famous for straw- berries; in those of the last parish there are about four hundred acres covered with this fruit. Almost the whole of the parish of Fulham is occupied in fruit-trees and vegetables. The gardens of the Neats’ Houses in Chelsea have long been famous for celery and cauliflower; water-cresses are grown in irrigated trenches at Bayswater and in the parish of Isleworth.
Market Flower-Gardens.— For forced flowers and shrubs, the principal garden is that of Smith of Dalston; for geraniums and green-house plants in general, Colville in the King’s Road; and for a flowers, D. Carter’s of Fulham. Some of the nurserymen deal extensively in forced flowers, as Jenkins of Mary-le-bonne, Henderson of the Edgeware Road,&c.
Florists’ Gardens.— Of these the principal in Middlesex is that of Davy in the King’s Road; then Bailey at Clapton, and also of the King’s Road; Moore in the King’s Road, and some at Brentford and Hounslow.
7518. Nurseries. The principal British nurseries are in this county; and as almost all the country nurseries are supplied with their more rare articles from them, we shall particularise the names of a few:—
The Vineyard,— at Hammersmith, is unquestionably the first nursery in Britain, or ratherin the world. At the beginning of the last century it was a vineyard, and produced annually aconsiderable quantity of Burgundy wine. A thatched house was built in the grounds; the upper part occupied as a dwelling house, and for selling the wine; and underneath were the wine-cellars. The ground was taken by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, the fathers of the present, or late occupiers of that name, and continued by their sons, who dissolved partner- ship in 1818, and the concern is now the sole property of Lee.
This nursery owes its celebrity, in a great measure, to the late James Lee’s knowledge it yxtany, and to his publishing the Introduction to that science at atime when its principles
acturing chemists by sample.
were not generally diffused. Lee was patronised~by a great many of the nobility and gentry, for his general knowledge in natural history, and for his sound sense and strong under- standing.‘The nursery is now carried on by his son to greater extent in every department than any other nursery in Europe. J. Lee, jun. has four sons, whom he intends to bring up to the business in four separate departments: the seed business, the counting-house, exotics in houses and fruit-trees, forest trees and hardy plants.
Besides an extensive correspondence, and a vigilant attention to procure every new plant as soon as introduced by others, a great many plants have been introduced to the country directly by this establishment. Among the collectors they sent out for this purpose, may be mentioned a person collecting oaks and other plantsin America; another, for eight years, at the Cape of,Good Hope, in partnership with the Empress Josephine, collecting ericas, bulbs, and other plants; and a man in South America.
The whole concern, from its first establishment to the present moment, has been conducted with singular spirit ard skill; no expense spared to procure new plants from abroad, and preserve and propagate them when received. The gr houses are extensive, and a house two hundred feet long has lately been erected tor fruiting the different sorts of grapes, and another for figs.‘The proprietor has grounds for the com- moner descriptions of stock in different parts of the country: as at Bedfont for stocks for fruit-trees, and for cherries; at Hounslow and Bagshot for stocks, and also for seedling fruit- trees, and other commoner articles,&c.
The Fulham Nursery— was established by Christopher Gray, about the beginning of the last century. Catesby, Collinson, Miller, Dr. Garden, and other eminent botanists, and travellers contributed many rare plants, and great part of Bishop Compton’s collection was purchased by them from the bishop’s successor. Some fine old exotics are still existing in this nur- sery, as the quercus suber, celtis occidentalis, ailanthus glan- dulosa, diospyrus virginiana,&c. The first magnolia grandi- flora was planted here; the original tree, the parent of most of the older trees of this kind in the country, died some years ys the dead trunk, which is still preserved, measured four feet ten inches in circumference; its branches extended twenty feet; it was as many feet high, and its fragrance perfumed the whole neighborhood.‘This nursery passed successively from Gray to Burchall, and from him to Messrs. Whitley, Brames, and Milne, the present occupiers.
The Brompton Park Nursery—was founded by Messrs. Cooke, Lucre, manaon® and Field,in 1681. In 1694, all the partners having died or sold out but London, he took in Henry Wise, who had been an apprentice to Hose, the royal gardener, as London had also been. At that time the grounds exceeded 100 acres in extent.‘This nursery passed successively from London and Wise to Swinhoe, Smith, and Co.—in 1756 to Jefiries and Co.— in 1788 to Gray, Wear, and Co.—in 1810 to Gray and Sons, in whose occupation it is at present. The
rrounds are now reduced to thirty acres, and the establishment has unavoidably fallen off in reputation. In the time of London and Wise it was spoken of in terms of the highest approbation by Evelyn. In his preface to the translation of Quintiney’s Complete Gardener(published 1701) he says,“the proprietors, Mr. George London, chief gardener to their majesties, and his associate, Mr: Henry Wise, are recommended for their assiduity and industry; they have not made gain the only mark of their pains, but with extraordinary and rare industry, endeavored to improve themselves in the mysteries of their profession; from the great advantages and now long experience they have had, in being employed in most of the celebrated gardens and plantations which this nation abounds in, besides what they have learned abroad, where horticulture is in high reputation.” He adds“ the grounds and gardens of noblemen and persons of quality, which they have planted ab orizine, and which are still under their care and attention,
series were valued at one penny per plant the amount would exceed 40,000/.
The Kensington Nursery— was established by Robert Furber, in the beginning of the last century, and was of note for fruit- trees in Miller’s time; it has passed successively from this family to Grimwoods, and to Messrs. Malcolms, the present spirited and judicious possessors.
The Breniford Nursery,— Messrs. Ronalds and Son, has been established upwards of a century. Itis chiefly devoted to the culture of fruit-trees-
The Brompton Agricultural Nursery,— Messrs. Gibbs and Co.,
part of the Brompton Park nuysery; but was tly for a display of the sses and plants used in iring the present century. Botanic Nursery— was established by Conrad Loddiges nan gardener, about the middle of the last cen- tury. It is pa ularly devoted to the propagation of rare pl ants, and contains the best general collection of green-house and hot-house exotics of any commercial garden. In palms, tree-ferns, and scitaminee, 1t particularly excels, and of the first tribe, possesses upwards of eighty species. For the better dis- play of these plants, Messrs. Loddiges have lately erected the largest hot-house in the world; it being 80 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 40 feet high. It is heated by steam, as are all the others, extending to upw ards of a thousand feet. forming three uninterrupted sides of a parallelogram. In the area are the pits and frames. Two houses are devoted to the camellia: one is roofed with copper sashes, by Timmins of Birmingham; the other is a curvilinear-roofed house, formed of our bar (fig- 739-),_ it is 120 feet long, 23 feet wide, and 18 feet high. (For other details, see 7356. and fig. 736.)
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The Kingsland Nursery— was in part in the occupation of
Fairchild, and also of Cowel, in the beginning of the last cen- tury.‘The present possessors are Messrs. Bassingtons.
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The Ball’s-pond Nursery,— Messrs. Brooks and Co., has been established upwards of half a century, and is carried on with much spirit, collectors being sent out to distant coun- tries, and many new plants imported. A mong these are several chrysanthemums, psidiums,&c.
The Mile-end Nursery—was established by James Gordon, gardener to Dr. Sherrard, at Eltham, and passed successively to Gordon, Dermer, Thompson and Co.; Gordon, Forsyth, and Co.; and‘Thompson and Co., by whom it is at present kept up in a very respectable style.
The Mary-le-honne Nursery,—'Thomas Jenkins, has been established within the present century; it is of considerable extent; contains extensive hot-houses for forcing flowers, for greea-house plants, and pits for pine-apples. It aiso contains a subscription botanic garden. A
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in this county that might be deservedly mentioned. That of Fraser and Co., in the King’s Road, noted for Ame baceous plants; of Harrison
rican her. \ and Co., Old Brompton, for its antiquity; Schaler and Co., King’s Road, as famous for roses; Joseph Knight for a general collection of exotics and hardy flowers, and for excellent management; that of Kirk and Son for its antiquity, the grounds being in part surrounded by the walls of Cromwell’s garden; Henderson’s, in the Edgeware Road, for pine-apples; Forsyth(one of the principal London seedsmen), at Mile-end; Ross, at Kingsland,&c.
7519. Private gardens come next in order.
Street-Gurdens(fig. 740.)— are necessarily numerous in the outlets of the metropolis; many of them in the New load, Hammersmith Road, and in the parishes of Chelsea, Fuihain, and Kensington, are very neatly kept.
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The Cottage-gardens of Laborers,—near town, are not remark- able for management, but in the western and eastern extre- mities of the county they are better.
The Cottage-zardens of Artificers—are often very neatly kept; particularly those of the Spitalfields weavers, and other opera- tives who have a taste for flowers.
Farmers’ Gardens.— As many of the farmers near the metro- polis are retired or speculative London tradesmen, they haye often very neat gardens.‘lhose to the west of London may be referred to as examples.
Suburban and Citizens’ Villas— are in considerable number 5 of various degrees of extent; but generally neatly kept.
7520. Villas are numerous in every part of the country; afew may be enumerated:—
Arn’s Vale,—near Southgate; Walker, Esq. A noble mansion, chiefly by Sir R. T the grounds comprise woods watered by the New River; the flower-garden is rich, and there is an extensive range of hot-houses containing an abundant collection of exotics.
Culland’s Grove,—near Southgate; Sir W. Curtis. A sub- stantial villa, and good kitchen-gardens, with hot houses, on which no expense is spared.
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7527. Villas. We have selected a few; but the number that merit attention is more than double those here named.
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Aldbury Place,—near Blackheath; S. Thornton, Esq. a elegant ionic mansion, greatly altered and improved by 5 te present proprietor. The park, a beautiful piece ot sicune 250 acres, finely wooded, especially with old Spanish G aes x ce There are some small pieces.of water in the park, ands a A and fountain in the garden. This place was noted in. elt time(527.) for the subterraneous passage of 160 yards in length,
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GARDENS
Book 1.
made nearly through a hill, but a rock at the south end pre- vented the design from being completed.
Botley,— near Chertsey; Sir J. Mawbey. An elegant stone mansion, in a park well stocked with timber, and adorned with a fine piece of artificial water, with a bath at one end or it.
Burwood Park,—near Walton; Sir J. Frederick. An ele- gant house, in a park of 300 acres, valued here because not in- tersected by a single footpath.
Bysshe Court,— near Godstone; J. M. Ewart, Esq. Worthy of notice on account of the kitchen-garden, which is surrounded by a moat, the area enclosed being that on which the former mansion stood.
x Deepdene,—near Dorking; T. Hope, Esq. A man of great taste in all the fine arts, and eminently so in architec- ture and gardening. His essay on gardening, and work on household furniture, are highly esteemed. This Italian villa was built by the Duke of Norfolk, but improved and deco- rated with sculptures and a Tuscan tower, by the present proprietor. The grounds are not extensive, but are highly romantic, and intersected with walks in various directions, which, with admirable liberality, are at all times open to the public.
Egham Park,—near Egham;—— Parry, Esq. A nea house, in a well wooded park of sixty acres, lying on the south- west side of Cooper’s Hill; a conservatory and colonnade added to the house, and the kitchen-garden much improved by the present proprietor.
Ember Court,— near Thames Ditton; Colonel-Taylor. A stuccoed house, and a park of late years greatly enlarged and improved.
Grove Hill,— near Camberwell; the late J. C. Lettsom, M.D. A plain mansion; the gardens laid out with great taste and beauty, and rich in exotic There are also various orna- mental buildings, and the whole is in the highest state of preservation.
Kingswood Lodge,—near Egham; Flounder, Esq. A substantial stuccoed house; the grounds modernised by us in 1805, for Gideon Bickerdyke, Esq. the proprietor at that time. They are chiefly remarkable for their commanding HES SaSS and as forming a part of Cooper’s Hill, celebrated
xy Denham.
Monk’s Grove,—near Chertsey; Lord Montford. Remarkable only for its kitchen-garden, sunk in the side of St. Anne’s Hill, at a great expense.
Morden Park,—near Morden; G. Ridge, Esq. A handsome quadrangular house, on arising ground, agreeably diversified with extensive plantations of shrubs and flowers, and embel- lished by two sheets of water.
x Norbury Park,—near Mickleham; W. Locke, Esq. A simple but grand mansion, in an elevated commanding situation,‘‘ well fitted to reign over the domain in which it is placed.” The park is extensive, and the wood in judicious masses branching away from the house in Sppesite directions. It contains many walnut-trees, the nuts of which in some years are said to fetch 600/., and in other seasons scarcely a bushel is produced.
Xx Pain’s Hill,-- near Cobham; Lord Carhampton. One of the most beautiful and meritorious places in England. The extent is 213 acres, great part taken from a barren heath; but the surface being naturally varied, and the river Mole border- ing the estate, laid a foundation for every improvement. By a simple contrivance the water was raised so as to supply a large and beautifully varied lake, and the buildings and woods were judiciously adapted to the grounds. A vineyard was planted on the south side of a gravelly hill, from which wines were made for several years. The woods were planted so as of themselves to produce variety, by adopting the man- ner of grouping the natural orders; thus, in one part the pine and fir tribes prevailed, in another aquatics, and so on. his place was celebrated by Wheatley, Walpole, and other writers, and much admired by the public, to whom it was open, till it fell into the possession of the present proprietor.
Petersham Lodge,— near Kew; Sir W- Manners. The house a design of the Earl of Burlington; the grounds spacious and beautiful, and adjoining Richmond Park.
Polesdon,— near Leatherhead;—————~——————.. The grounds remarkable for a fine terrace-walk 900 feet in length.
The Priory,—near Ryegate; LordSomers. A modern house, with 76 acres of pleasure-grounds, very well laid out.
Puttenham Priory,—near Godalming; Admiral Cormick. A neat Corinthian house in a judiciously arranged area of fifty- four acres.
x Richmond Hill,— Richmond. Among the many fine villas here, we may notice that of the Marquis of Queens- bury, as affording an example of grounds on both sides of a public road judiciously connected by a subterraneous com- munication.
Roehampton Grove,— Roehampton; W. Gosling, Esq. An elegant modern structure, by Wyatt, with a highly polished Jawn and shrubberies, and a fine piece of water, supplied by pipes from a conduit on Putney Common. There are above a dozen other structures equally deserving attention at Roe- hampton.
That of Lord Viscount Fitzwilliam was the house of Sir Matthew Decker, maternal grandfather of his Lordship, a thy Dutch merchant, who first brought pine-apples to pertection at this place. Mackay, in his tour through England, about the year 1724, says, that there was in the garden the longest, the largest, and the highest hedge of holly that he ever saw. In the house was the pic ture of a pine-apple gather- ed there in 1720, on account of a visit of George it for whose reception Sir Matthew built a room on purpose. He died in 49. The hedge no longer exists. Lord Fitzwilliam died , and the picture is now in the Fitzwilliam museum at Cambridge.
Rook’s Nest,—near Ryegate; H. Turner, Esq. An old mansion, recently enlarged and beautified, standing in a de- lightful park, with fine old woods; a large lake, and good kitchen- gardens and hot-houses.
The Rookery,— near Dorking;——— Fuller, Esq. Purchased in 1759, by Daniel Malthus, Esq. author of the translation of Girardin Sur les Paysages,&c. from Abraham Tucker, Esq. of Beechworth Castle, the celebrated author of The Light of Nulure pursued. Myr. Malthus took advantage of its beauties of hill, dale, wood, and water, converted it into an elegant seat, and sold it in 1765.
OF SURREY. 1067
Sherwood Lodge,—near Battersea; J. Wolfe, Esq. The house has received an elegant addition in the Gothic style; the grounds of limited extent, but in high keeping.; i
Shrub Hill,—near Dorking; Lord Leslie. A’ commodious and pleasant villa.
Streatham Park,—near Streatham; A. Atkins, Esq. The grounds contain 100 acres, surrounded by a shrubbery and gravel-walk, forming a circuit of two miles; the kitchen- peo remarkably extensive, and enclosed by a wall fourteen feet high.
St. Anne’s Hill,— near Chertsey; Mrs. Fox. The gardens and pleasure-grounds of moderate extent, but laid out with much taste by the late eminent statesman, whose widow now resides here.
é Tilburster Hill,—near Godstone; Alexander Mac Leay, Esq.
P.R.S. 1.8.&c. The house on the south side of a green hill finely bosomed with trees, and looking across a rich vale, to finely wooded hills beyond. The gardens and pleasure-grounds small, but rich in American plants.
West Brechworth,—near Dorking; H. Peters, Esq. An old mansion, the grounds greatly enlarged and improved by the present owner; the old park remarkable for its noble timber; especially chestnuts, elms, and limes.
Woburn Farm,—near Chertsey; Sir J. St. Aubin. A brick
house; the grounds flat, but agreeably varied by a piece of
water; but chiefly remarkable from having been first planned and laid out by the late P. Southcote, Esq., the inventor of the Jerme ornée.‘To such a character they have now scarcely any pretensions.
7528. The mansions with demesnes, in Surrey, are few compared with the number of villas.
Ashted Park,—near Ryegate; Hon. F. G. Howard. An elegant mansion, with magnificent stables, in a park of 140 acres, enclosed with a brick wall.
Beddington,- near Croydon; W. Gee, Esq. Celebrated in ixteenth century for its gardens, and for the first orange-trees grown in England.‘The attention paid by Sir Francis Carew to other plants as well as orange-trees, is proved by his showing to Queen Elizabeth, who used frequently to visit him, a cherry-tree with ripe fruit, kept back a month beyond the usual time. Over the whole tree he strained a canvass, which was occasionally wetted; by this means the cherries grew large, and continued pale; when assured of the queen’s coming he remoyed the canvass, and a few sunny days brought them to their color.(Platt’s Garden of Eden, 165.) The present mansion was erected about 1709; the park contains some fine elms, is not varied nor very extensive.
J. Gibson, in an account of the gardens near London, written in 1691, says the orangery at Beddington was above 200 feet in length; that most of the trees were thirteen feet high, and that the gardener had the year before gathered at least 10,000 oranges. The heir of the Carew family was then in his minority,
and the estate was let to the Duke of Norfolk. At present, Richard Carew, Esq. is in possession of the estate, and the manor- house is in the occupation of William Gee, Esq. his younger brother. 3
* Claremont,— near Esher; Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg. The park was chiefly planted by Kent, for Pelham Ear! of Clare, and afterwards Duke of Newcastle, who built the pro- spect tower and called it Clare(clear)-mount. After the Duke’s death, it was purchased by Lord Clive, who, when setting out on his last voyage, gave directions to Brown to build a house, without limiting him toexpense. He performed the task to the satisfaction of his employer, at a charge somewhat above 100,000/. It is a beautiful Corinthian building of freestone, an oblong square open on all sides, the offices under ground, and connected with the stables by a subterraneous communication. The situation is well chosen, the execution good, and the m- ternal arrangement unexceptionable. Brown had often altered houses, but this house, and that of Crome, are the only in- stances of his having erected new ones. The grounds want water, and are rather deficient in distant prospect; but in other respects they are singularly and beautifully varied, and planted with the greatest taste. In the late Princess Charlotte’s time, government built a green-house on an eminence in a very bad style; it is composed of large painted windows and fan lights like an assemblage of shop fronts. A good collection of plants is scattered among the hot-houses of the kitchen-garden, which stand in need of renovation and reformation.
Clandon Place,—near Guildford; Earl of Onslow.
7531. Of villas and mansions, the following are but a few of those deserving note:—
i Ashburnham Abbey,— near Beachy Head; Earl Ashburn- j ham. A spacious modern edifice, in the midst ofan exten- : sive park, containing much fine timber, and a large sheet of
water. a: s. 4 i) x Bayham Abbey,— near Tunbridge Wells; Marquis of i) Camden. A small habitation in the Gothic style, badly pl ced 5 hut the demesne extensive, and atiording a situation for build-
ing, for which a magnificent design has been given by H. Rep- | ton.(Observations on Landscape Gardening.) Near the present jj building the interior of an olc church and cloisters have been laid out as a flower-garden, which is much admired.
.|< Buckhurst Park,— near Lewes; Lord Whitworth. Both house and grounds have been greatly improved by this noble-
nan and his lady, the Duchess of Dorset.:: ' Cannon House,— near Westdean; Lord Selsey. A small
place, too near a churchyard, and a small brook, which is dry in summer the effect of both, however, much diminished by
sudicio slanting:
4> bs Fastle,— near Tunbridge Wells; Earl Abergavenny. ar castellated edifice, embattled and flanked with out any imitation of ancientarchitecture or other details. It stands on a bold acres, well wooded and watered.
Eridg An irregul L round towers, but with in the doors, windows, eminence, in a park of 2000
a 4
1068 STATISTICS OF GARDENING.
Parr IV.
seeds or plants sent there from foreign countries, and th cellent description of them published in the Hortus Kew ea A catalogue of the plants was first published by Dr. Hill ie AES gn one volume; that by the late W. Aiton in 1789 a three volumes, 8vo.‘The present catalogue, c ted 1812, extends to three eo hieees Sir W. Chasbe cenit od a description of the house and gardens in 1763 thy u wards of forty plates, and they have also been iHeveaiens oe Gs= poems, one by J. Ritso in 1763, and the other by tae Jon 3 author of the tragedy of the Earl of Essex, in 1767.~=
From the first establishment of the garden, a number of col- lectors have been sent abroad, and maintained there for the purpose of sending home plants and seeds. This has added a great many names to the catalogue, because every plant is ne troduced there which has once been in the garden; but unfortu- nately, from want of that liberality in giving away or exchang- ing plants, which ought to, and does characterise almost ever’ institution of this description, many of the plants which have been introduced are lost, and no where to be found but in the catalogue. We have only to instance the natural order of pro- teacez.
A palace in the Gothic style was built by Geo. III. on the banks of the Thames, the design is by Wyatt, and rather crowded; the situation more beautiful than wholesome. It has never been completed.
Richmond Park,—near Richmond. The palace long since taken down; the park 2253 acres, surrounded by eight miles of prick wall. It is well wooded, and contains some large pieces of water. A part of what is called the Old Park is occupied by his present majesty as a dairy; the remainder constitutes the royal gardens, which were firstlaid out by Bridgeman in avenues, and afterwards opened and improved by Brown. They have the advantage of being situated on the banks of the Thames, and exhibit some beautiful views. Queen Caroline, who was very partial to this spot, had here a dairy and mena- zerie. Several ornamental and grotesque buildings were dis- persed about the gardens; one of which, called Merlin’s Cave, contained several figures in wax; another, called the Hermitage, was adorned with busts of Sir Isaac Newton, Locke, and other literary characters. A description of these gardens was pub- lished in 1755.
A surface of 935,040 acres, gently varied, the soil generally rich, great part bordering ts of low undulating hills, or what may be called hilly plains, known by the name of Downs(from Duno, Sax. a hill). The northern parts, towards Essex and Kent, abound in natnral woods, : or remains of woods called wealds. This county is not remarkable for its gardening; on the coast, how-
ever, and especially about Worthing, the fig thrives better in the open air than it does any where else in
rdens of the Duke of Norfolk, at Arundel, and in
some commercial gardens near Worthing. These tree
and also the fig-orchard, of nearly an acre, at
Tarring, near Worthing, occupied by Loud, and containing 100 standard trees, have already been referred to.(4853.) Market-gardens, in the neighborhood of Lewes and Worthing, are rather on the increase, for the purpose of supplying the latter village and Brighton, both rapidly increasing, with culinary vege- tables. The garden-market at Brighton is at present supplied with all its more valuable articles from London, excepting peaches, grapes, and figs, which in autumn, are imported trom France. The severity | of the sea-breeze renders this part of the coast peculiarly unfavorable to gardening. The principal nur- sery in Sussex is that of Chichester, by Silverlock, distinguished as the inventor of a hollow wall
T
(fig. 233.) which promises to be of real utility both in gardening and cottage-building.— There are also nurseries at Horsham, Lewes, and other places, but they are of no great note. At Brighton there isa Furze-seeds are collected for the seedsmen from the wealds, and some tree-seeds from the woods of the Duke of Richmond and Lord Shettield.‘The cotta are neatly managed, and productive; as are some of the farmers’ gardens.‘There 4 are a few villas near the marine towns; but the principal country-seats are mansions with demesnes.
Glynde,—near Tunbridge Wells; Lord Hampden. A noble pile, of Klizabethean architecture, with a terrace commanding a fine view of the surrounding country.‘The grounds much improved by the late Dr. Trevor, but at present rather neglected.
Heathfield Park,—near Winchelsea; Newberry, Esq. The park, environed with holly, able to keep in any game in Evelyn’s time; some of these hollies still exist, and many have been cut down for their timber.
x Michel Grove,—near Clapham, Sir J. Snelly. A spa- cious Gothic mansion(fiz. 742-), of cream-colored brick, and in the most florid taste of that style of architecture: the ar- rangement, both internal and ex‘ernal, harmonious and scien- tific. hegrounds, by Repton, display some fine marine views. Parham,—near Arundel; Sir C. Bishop. A singular old Elizabethean house, not much altered either exteriorly or within; the park abounding m stately groups of oaks. i
x Sheffield Place,— near Lewes; Lord Sheffield. The mansion stands low, in a park of between 5 and 600 acres, long famous for its large oak-trees, and more recently so for other plantations, and tor the care and judgment with which these are managed in every part of the demesne. There is 100 acres of pleasure-ground, and above 1400 acres managed as a home farm, and with experiments in culture, and breeding, for which Lord Sheffield has been long celebrated.
Stanmer,—near Lewes; Earl of Chichester. A plain stone edifice, forming three sides of a square, in a park much diversi-
fied by nature and planted with judgment. Stanstead-house,— near Chichester; L. Way, Esq. One of the most delightful situations in the kingdom; the house, an elegant Ionic pile, with wings, an observatory, and cupolas; the park 650 acres, finely varied and wooded. West Grinstead Park, \= near West Grinstead; 2 William Burrel, Esq. A handsome stone mansion: the grounds lately much
improved, and some hot- houses added to the kit- chen-garden.
=e Aaa lalate! A tL.
7504, KENT. some places; low nd woody p ofa coulitry. Janded property cultivate their 0" and particularly:
Jens OU
men’s gardens 0 some parts ot Ho different kinds 10 and one public, metropolis, but W
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Boox I. GARDENS
Up Park,—near Eastbourn; Sir H. Featherstone. A mag- nificent house, and well wooded park; the timber-trees, in 1743, valued at 19,0001.
7532. The following are first-rate residences:—
x Arundel Castle,—at Arundel; Duke of Norfolk. 4 magnificent castellated structure, partly very old, and partly re-erected on a more sumptuous aie It is founded on a cir- cular knoll, effected partly by nature and partly by art; the ad- joining grounds flat towards the sea, but the rest of the park varied and well wooded.‘The kitchen-gardens are good, and
walls built of small flints collected on the South Downs. The stables and offices form a handsome quadrangular building near the house, and are inferior to few if any in the kingdom, and the dog-kennel exceeds in magnificence and convenience, even to luxury, every structure of the kind ever raised for such tenants. The park includes 2000 acres; behind the house is a fine grove of cedars, mentioned by Collinson; of the true service, mentioned by Miller; and everywhere abundance of old timber; and it contains a beautiful summer-house; on the
pleasure-grounds is a tennis-court; and on a hill beyond the,
park, a race-course. x Petworth House,—at Egremont; Earl of Egremont. A magnificent mansion, fronted with freestone, and surrounded
7534. KENT. A surface of 93
2,
OF KENT. 1069
by statues; in the front an artificial lake formed at an expense of not less than 30,000/., the water collected from numerous small springs in surrounding hills and conducted thither in vipes. The park is 12 miles round It was formerly little Herter than morass and waste, but has lately been drained and. well stocked with every variety of British oxen, and also those of the Calmucks and of Astracan; there is also a breed from the East Indies; the Scottish bison, and the shawl goat of Thibet. His lordship farms extensively, and has used every exertion to encourage the breeding of oxen as beasts of labor rather than horses.‘Che gardens and hot-houses are on a scale of design and management suitable to every other part of this truly noble demesne.
7533. Royal residence.
X The Pavilion, or Palace,—at Brighton, is in a mixed style of Chinese, Gothic, and Moresque architecture, in which the former greatly prevails. Exteriorly it forms a singular and beautiful whole; but is badly arranged within, and, excepting the dining-room, the others are low or of dis- agreeable forms and proportions; or, like the music-room, over-labored in attempting to keep up the Chinese character. The grounds contain only a few acres, in which are a magni- ficent pile of stables, formed round a circular court, covered by a dome partly glazed.‘The garden-scenery is tasteless, stocked with the meanest flowers, and shows no exertions for approbation.
600 acres, considerably diversified by ridges of chalky eminences in
some places; low marshy grounds on the Thames and Medway; open downs near Dover; and an inland, flat, and woody part, towards Sussex, called the Weald; a Saxon word signifying wood, or the woody part ofacountry. It is one of the oldest cultivated counties in England; and, from some laws peculiar to it, landed property is much divided, and there are a great many small proprietors who reside on, and cultivate their own estates. Hence the garden-like appearance which prevails in great part of this tract, and particularly about Maidstone, and on the road from London to Canterbury.‘The cottage and trades- men’s gardens on this tract are remarkably neat, perhaps more so than any where in the world, unless in some parts of Holland. It is also very productive in vegetables and fruits for the market, and in seeds of different kinds for seedsmen: it contains some beautiful villas, and one or two fine old mansion-residences,
and one public, formerly a royal park.
Philip Miller appears to have been born in this county, near the
metropolis, but where is uncertain. The most celebrated gardens in former times were those of Knowle,
and of Dr. Sherrard at Eltham.
7535. Public garden.
Greenwich Park,—near Greenwich, originally belonging to Greenwich Palace, but that being formed into an_Hos- pital in the reign of William III., it is now disjoined. It contains 188 acres, walled round by James I., and planted with elms and Spanish chestnuts in intersecting rows and avenues by Le Notre, in Charles I]’s time. The coup d'eil of the Metropolis, from this park, is as interesting a thing of the kind as exists.
7536. Commercial gardens.
Farmers’ axd Market Gardens,— abound along the Thames, for the supply of the shipping. Immense quantities of green peas are grown round Dartford, both in farm market-gardens and in common farmed lands for the London market. At Sittingbourne, and in the Isle of Shepey, peas and beans are grown; and at Greenwich and Deptford great quantities of asparagus, sea-kale, onions, cauliflowers,&c.. Edmonds at Deptford is the greatest grower of asparagus, and sometimes has 70 or 80 acres under this crop.
Orchards.—" are chiefly about Lewisham, Maidstone, and along the banks of the Medway; the principal fruits of the county are the cherry and the filbert, but most of the others are also grown, from the walnut to the strawberry. The latter fruit is brought to great perfection at Fordwick, a village near Canterbury, belonging to Earl Cowper-
Seed-Gardens.— Great quantities of seeds are grown for the seedsmen; canary, radish, kidneybeans, and formerly turnip in the Isle of Thanet; toker or Sandwich beans at Sandwich, and also kidneybeans. Various seeds are also grown roupd Maidstone, and much canary-seed in the hundred of Herne. The Kentish perennial rye-grass is collected through the county, and shipped for the seedsmen at Feversham. About twenty acres in the parish of Deptford are generally devoted to the growth of onions for seed, the Deptford variety being in
sts’ Market-Gardens— there are two at Greenwich; and there are also some Florists’ Gardens there.
Nurseries> not unfrequent, though the county is al- ready fully planted, and most of the orchardists raise their own trees. The principal is that_of John Willmott and Co. of Lewisham. It was founded by Mr. John Russel, about the middle of the 1$th century, who raised himself by his skill and industry to a state of affluence rare among nurserymen; and, after keeping his carriage, and living many years like a gentleman, died in 1794, aged 63, leaving property to the amount of 20,000/.‘The nursery is now carried on by his son- in-law with increased spirit; the grounds contain 150 acres; 70 hands are employed, and about 3000/. a-year paid for labor.
The New Cross Nursery,—near Deptford, W. Cormack and Sons, is extensive, and has long enjoyed a respeotable reput- ation.
7537. Cottage and villa gardens
Cottage-Gardens.— Besides being neater, as already men- tioned, these gardens are stocked with finer kinds of vegetables, as kidneybeans, early potatoes, lettuces,&c. than in most counties; and they abound more in flowers.
Private Gardens of Farmers—are also superior to those in most counties; fruit iss here a necessary of life, everywhere cultivated; and all that is not consumed at home finds a ready market at Maidstone or London, or is purchased by the fruit-hawkers and the agents who travel through the county.
Suburban Villas.— A few of these line the roads near the Thames, and especially about Deptford and Greenwich, and there are a number round Blackheath, among villas of a
Jarger description. A few also exist round every town in the county, and all are highly kept.
Terrace-Garden at Dover Castle.—The governor, pro temp. Four gradations or terraces cut in tt k and flint rock. On the barren walls vines a: 1ined; the
latter ripen in October, while in the low part of* the town they seldom ripen at all.‘The whole in a state of neglect.
Belvidere,— near Plumsted; Lord Eardley. A spacious brick edifice on an elevation, rapidly declining towards the north, with fine views over the Thames into Essex; the _grounds, though small, agreeably diversified, and well “wooded.
< Blendon Hall,—near Bexley; J. Smith, Esq. A good house, and the grounds agreeable, with some natural oak- woods and a piece of artificial water. The present owner has greatly improved them, from the designs of Hl. Repton.
Charlton House,— near Charlton; Lady Wilson. A good specimen of the style of James I.; the grounds occupy 70 acres, include some beautiful scenery, and fine old trees, especially cypresses.
Danson Hill,—near Bexley; J. Johnstone, Esq. A hand- some mansion, by Sir Robert Taylor: and grounds con- taining fine woods, and a spacious sheet of water, laid out by
Brown.
Eden Farm,—near Beckenham; Lord Auckland. An elevated healthy situation, surrounded by fine beech-trees.
East-Cliff Lodge,—near Ramsgate; Lord Keith. The house a good specimen of modern Gothic; the grounds, which contain thirteen acres, remarkable for a curious subterraneous passage 500 yards in length.
Godmersham Place,— near Canterbury;—— Knight, Esq. A handsome mansion, backed by extensive woods.
Hayes Pluce,—near Beckingham; P. Dehaney, Esq. The mansion erected by the late Earl of Chatham; who, as G. Mason informs us, took much delight in improving the grounds.
Heathfield,— near Ashford; Earl Thanet. A square edifice of Portland stone; the grounds skirted by the Stour, and much improved by the present Earl, who dedicates great part of his time to agricultural pursuits.
Hill Park,—near Westerham; J. H. Barrow, Esq. The grounds beautifully varied by nature, tastefully planted, and containing a curious artificial cascade in front of the house.
Holmood House,—near Beckenham; the favorite retreat of the late prime minister Pitt. A small house, but the grounds ex- tensive and beautifully laid out by H. Repton,
Lee,—near Ickham; T. B. Bridges, Esq. A_ Gothic mansion by James Wyatt, Esq.; praised by Lord Walpole; the park displaying some fine thriving trees over undulating grounds. ,. a 4
Quarry Hill,— near Tunbridge; J. Burton, Esq. an eminent London builder. A castellated mansion by the roadside, built of the stone and flints of the country, with an extensive park, abounding in undulations and wood.:
Wooton Court,—near Dover; Rev. E. T. Brydges. A white house on a bold hill, nobly crowned with woods; the grounds much varied with hill and valley
Woodlands,— near Blackheath; J. J. Angerstein, Esq. An elegant mansion of Portland stone, in a commanding situation; the grounds agreeably varied, and the gardens remarkable for the quantity of glass they contain. There is a very large con- servatory and numerous vineries, the mvention and execution of Mr. D. Stewart, when this gentleman’s gardener; also an excellent collection of exotics.
7538. Demesne and Jirst-rate residences. _near Seven Oaks; Earl Stanhope. A good mansion by Inigo Jones, with grounds flat and rich, but not much varied by plantation. The present earl is much attached both to horticulture and agric¢ ulture.: Cobham Hall,—near obham; Earl Darnley. A house in oman H, the centre partly by Inigo Jones; the >5, nearly seven miles in circumference, beauti- mtly wooded; with remarkably fine oaks, and a noble avenue of lime-tre es. On an elevated site is a large magnificent mausoleum, which cost 90601.: Footscray Place,— near Footscray;—— Harris, Esq. The mansion of freestone,; copied from a design by Palladio,
x Chevening,
the form ofa R park of 1800 acre fully diversified, abunc
1070
erected near Venice; the park well planted, and embellished with a canal, formed from the Cray river, which flows through the grounds,
Knomle Park,—near Seven Oaks; Duchess of Dorset. A magnificent Elizabethean palace, the most modern part of whieh is dated 1605; it covers five acres. The park is between five and six miles in circumference, varied in surface, and clothed with venerable oaks, beeches, ashes, and elms. The pleasure-grounds, for the greater part, remain in their original taste, and contain some fine old limes, cedars, and other trees. Extensive conservatories, modern rosaries, and flower-gardens, with other improvements, have been added by the present pro- prietor, who is much attached to gardening:
Mote,— near Maidstone; Earl Romney. Formerly a cas- tellated mansion, surrounded with a moat; now a splendid structure on a knoll, commanding fine views,‘ but having too
7539. ESSEX. A surface of 1,£40,000 acres, of which one part, bordering on the Thames and chiefly under pasture; another part southwards is occupied with the remains of H Forests; and the remainder in the middle of the county, and towards( arable lands, on which, besides corn, the coriander, caraway, and hazel in pasture and gentlemen’s seats. There is a good market at Colch corn-markets there, and other places, samples of the commoner gar
for sale.
7540. Commercial, cottage, and farmers’ gardens.
Varmers’ Market-Gardens.—'These are extensive in most parts of the county. About Ilford, Barking, and Plaistow, immense quantities of early potatoes are grown for the London market.
“urket-Gardens.—'The principal of these are near the metro- polis, and at Chelmsford and Galchester; the latter town and Eveley, and Purfleet, supply the first early peas from the east side of the metropolis. Few ofthe market-gardens in this county, in Kent, or indeed any where, excepting those of Middlesex and Surrey, have much glass. dens.—'The London seedsmen receive more of
from this county than from any other. In the low district on the Thames, great quantities of rape-seed are grown; brown and white mustard are grown in most laces; smal! garden-seeds of almost all sorts round Cogges- rall, Colchester, and in the Isle of Mersey; carrot seeds at Vi rsfield; coriander, caraway, and mawe seed(Papaver somniferum, var. with blue seeds), round Coggeshall; from the Marquis of Buckingham’s woods at Gossfield. Hall, near
ee, most sorts of fir-seeds which are sown in Eng- re procured, and hornbeam-seeds from Epping Fo-
ost.
Physic-Gardens.—'There are none of these worth mention- ing, unless one or two near Saffron Walden, in which the satfron is still cultivated for the apothecaries; but this article being procured so much cheaper from abroad, its culture in fngland is nearly given up
Florists’ and Nursery Gardens.— There are few of any conse- quence.
Cottage-Gardens, Farmers’ Private Gardens, and Suburban Villas,( fig. 743.)— abound and are in general very neatly kept: formerly the tradesmen of Chelmsford and Colchester were much attached to the culture of florists’ flowers, and they still continue to.be so in a considerable degree.
7541. Of Villas there are a considerable number, from which we select only a few.
Coopersaie,—near Thoydon Gernon;—— Archer, Esq. A spacious edifice, surrounded by lawns ard pleasure-grounds. Debden Hail,— near Thaxted; Mrs. Chisweil. A handsome
stone mansion, designed by—— Holland, surrounded by thriv- ing pleasure-grounds. rz t Easthury House,—near Barking;——Sterry, Esq. of the ¥
familys wl
Corinthian nich abo tensive paths ai‘ace 0 sified 21h thisestensiTe PMP in a fer yeas B “4 Park, ne a grat S n cire
mansion, 00 4| be eleven miles
1553. NORFOL! jn most places 5 al flowers Were ia middle of the sixte Jondon seedsmen quarters.
7554. Villas and| residences.
Blickling Ho Right Hon. We. 08" interesting ancient ma? rounded with 2 m0 ¢ in 1698: the gardens time, containing 2” ee demess and lake. he p
Cromer
in old woods, pred by the late m
ye fine old trees, a h e of water, and
om minsof an old chur y Gunton Hol
its very exten:
Kimberley ear D convenient house, in an ex omamented with wood and
\ Rainham,—near Wel fortahle house, built in 16 extensive, naturally improved.
Walsingham Houst,—ne?
ed
1558, OXFORDSHT Some places, to the cha It contains the magnif
ford, There are n
1897, Public gardens
"0 most of the coll
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s that of Christchure
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Boox I. GARDENS OF OXFORDSHIRE. 1073
Henham,—near Henham; Lord Rous. An elegant modern mansion, and an extensive park and pleasure-grounds, kept in excellent order.
Helmingham Hall,—near Helmingham; Earl Dysart. now improving, contain a good conservatory.
Xx Wormsley,—neay Stoken Church; John Fane, Esq. The house on a very elevated site, the grounds of little merit or beauty, but the proprietor an excellent farmer and breeder.
Wroxton,— near Banbury; Earl Guildford. A building in the abbey style, of considerable antiquity; and what renders the place particularly interesting, the geometric styleof garden-
ing is kept up in every improvement introduced in the pleasure- grounds.
GARDENING. Parr IV.
7559. The following are first-rate residences:—
xX Blenheim,—at Woodstock; Duke of Marlborough. The most princely private residence in Britain, or in Enron too universally celebrated to require any eulogium. The vala= and bridge by Vanburgh; the grounds by London and) ise and subse uently by Brown.‘The finest view is on entering from the\ oodstock gate; but the scenery is every where~and and magnificent. The pleasure-ground walks are estnive and varied; and there is a drive of eleven miles round the park. Part of the latter is cultivated asa farm. The lake is the largest piece of artificial water in England: the diameter of the centre arch of the bridge is 101 feet. There is little of culture either in the kitchen or flower-garden; the latter was an oval, with a basin of water in a centre; and radiating walks, after the plan of that of Madame de Pompadour at Versailles. Unhappily(as we think) it has lately been destroyed, and an aviary erected on its site. aa
x_ Ditchley,—near Woodstock; Lord Dillon. A good house by Gibbs; the grounds very extensive, and intersected by an avenue of five miles, in the centre of which the house is placed and at the opposite extremities are seen in a clear day, the palace of Blenheim and Heythorpe House. The natural copses on the estate are intersected by narrow alleys in all directions, clipped on the sides to facilitate the shooting of game. i
x Heythorpe,—near Enstone; Earl of Shrewsbury. A superb mansion in the Italian style, approached by a magnifi- cent avenue, formed by square platoons of elm-trees. The grounds chiefly in the ancient taste, with curious artificial cas- cades.‘here are also extensive hot-houses.
7560. BERKSHIRE. A surface of 476,160 acres, finely varied by low hills and vales, the air healthy,
and the soil good, and well cultivated. It contains
numerous villas and mansions. The neighborhood
of Reading is noted for the white-skinned, or Reading onion, the bulbs of which are grown in quantities for the London market, and the seeds for the seedsmen. Cabbage-seeds are also grown in quantities there, and asparagus grown both for the Bath and London markets: and there isa good nursery occupied
by Swallow.
7561. Villas and demesne-residences.
Beaumont Lodge,—near Windsor: Henry Griffiths, Esq. The house is in the Gothic style by Mr. Elwyn, architect, of Windsor: the park contains one hundred acres, sloping to the Thames, and finely varied by wood.
Benham House,—near Speen; Earl Craven. The house is in the Ionic style, with an elegant portico; the grounds agreeably varied and richly wooded, and contain a handsome sheet of water, supplied by the river Kennet.
Caversham,—near Reading; C. Marsac, Esq., is in Oxford- shire, though so near the capital of Berkshire. It is an old pee celebrated in Observations on Modern Gardening, ‘or the beauty of the approach, which is between two hills, with the scattered trees descending their steep sides, and ap- proaching and retiring from the road in beautiful variation.
“he house is plain, elegant, large, situated on an eminence, and forming a conspicuous object from the surrounding country. The park is not extensive, but is much varied, so as to sy year more considerable than the amount of its contents would indieate. The garden-scenery is agreeable; but the horticulture not remarkable. The whole was laid out by Lord Cadogan, with the assistance of Brown.
Chelsey Farm,—near Wallingford; in 1800 the property of Lord Kensington, and formerly reputed to be the largest and most compact farm in England. Kent 1000/. per annum, Before the desolation of monasteries, it belonged to the Abbot of Reading, who hada seat here.‘The great barn inw hich his tithes were deposited is yet standing, and measures 101 yards in length, and eighteen in breadth. The side walls are only eight feet high, but the roof rises to a great height, and is supported by seventeen stone pillars, each four yards in :ircumference.
Coleshill House,—near Coleshill; Viscount Folkstone- The house is aperfect and unaltered specimen of the taste of Inigo Jones, from whose design it was erected in 1650. The park 1s not large, but is very agreeable.
Donnington Grove,—near Speen; William Brammel, Esq. The house isa handsome modern building. The park well wooded, and enriched hy views to Donnington Castle. It con- tains a piece of water judiciously managed.
Park Place,—near Henley; Earl of Malmsbury, son of the celebrated author of Hermes. Originally formed at great expense by Field Marshal Conway, and mentioned by the Prince de Ligne, in his Coup d’eil sur les plus beaux Jardins de l'Europe, as one of the finest seats in England. The present proprietor purchased the estate from the widow of the marshal in 1796, and greatly improved the mansion, with the assistance of the architect, Holland. It is situated below the brow of alofty range of hills, which accompanies the winding of the Thames for several miles.‘The many interesting objects con- centrated in this demesne, are calculated to excite even the most latent energies of poetic description. The grounds com- bine beauty, grandeur, and variety. The composition of the home scenery is bold, and the distant prospects varied and ex- tensive. The steep sides of the hills, with their chalky pre- cipices, are overhung with grand masses of stately beech, in- terspersed with evergreens, which extend to the margin of the stream, and from various points of the landscape, appear like an immense verdant amphitheatre. The projecting lawns corre- spond with the sublimity of the contiguous scenery, and unite in forming a diversity of rich and beautiful prospects.”
Selyood Park,—-near Sunning Hill; James Sibbald, Esq. The house is a handsome modern building from the designs of Robert Mitchell; the grounds consist of 300 acres, the principal part of which is laid out as a.ferme ornee. A fine ride, of about four miles in extent, embraees the principal part of the scenery, which is richly diversified with stately trees and a
of the grounds, rather low, and close to an irregular sheet of water. This place is mentioned by Wheatley as one of the earliest examples of a ferme ornée.‘The present proprietor has rendered it celebrated for its botanic riches, in which, if it does not surpass, it may vie with any residence in the empire. There is a large walled garden studded with hot-houses of every kind, and another surrounded by ahedge and sunk fence, laid out in the ancient style, and abounding with seats and curious rustic huts. The whole has been lately described and illustrated by highly finished plates, from the pen of Mrs. and the peat of Mr. Hoffland.(See Description of White Knights, fol. 1819.) i
x Woodley Lodge,—near Reading; James Wheeble, Esq. The mansion is a neat modem edifice, built by the present
, proprietor’s father, in the time of George II. The grounds
were tastefully laid out by Repton, who mentions this seat in his work.‘he park having, in 1817, been greatly enlarged by an extensive enclosure; the author of the present work was employed to give designs, which have since been executing under the eye of the proprietor, who has great taste and con- siderable skill in rural improvements; and is a well informed truly amiable man.
7562. Royal residences.
Frogmore(Frog-moor),—near Windsor; the favorite re- sidence of the Queen of George III. The house is not large, but neat; the grounds occupy a valley, thirteen acres of which is laid out in pleasure-ground, highly enriched by flowers and artificial objects.‘The whole is diversified with a piece of water, of irregular shape, and winding in different directions, in one place approaching the house, and in another retiring beneath the thick woods.‘ In this sweet, sequestered spot, every thing is serene and pleasant. The devious path, the umbrageous thicket, the dilapidated ruin, and secluded temple, all conspire to render it peculiarly interesting. Exclusive of the variety of indigenous anal exotic trees and shrubs, which arescat- tered through the grounds, there are fine ornamental buildings respectively denominated the Gothic Temple, the Ruin, the Hermitage, the Temple of Solitude, the Chinese Cottage, and the Bam. The Ruin was erected from a design by W. Wyatt; and being seated on the water’s edge, partly embowered in woods, and diversified with fractures in the walls, and ivy, it constitutes a truly picturesque ornament when seen from various points of view.‘The Hermitage is a small, circular, thatched building, situated in the south west corner of the garden, and completely embowered with lofty trees. It was constructed from a drawing of the Princess of Hesse Homberg, when Princess Elizabeth, whose taste and skill in drawing are allowed to be considerable. The surrounding scenery is justly contrived to assimilate with the character of the place, the view of every distant object being excluded by trees and underwood. These improvements were superintended by
Major Price, brother to Uvedale Price, Esq. the celebrated Frais of the Essays on the Picturesque.”(pemities of Eng and Wales(1801.), i- 268.)
Since the death of the queen, in 1818, the grounds have been respectably kept up by the female part of the royal family who reside there.
Windsor Castle.— The principal residence of the British sovereigns. It was originally a hunting seat of William the Conqueror; improved by Henry I., and the park surrounded with.a wall; greatly improved by Edward IJI., under the celebrated architect, William de Wyckham, who, in 1357, superintended the works at a shilling per day, and ultima’ ely mace 2 fortune by the king’s employment. Queen Elizabeth raised the terrace on the north side; Charles Ii. repaired and embellished the whole structure, and much was done by George III., under the direction of W. Wyatt. The avenues
large piece of water. x White Knights,—near Reading; Duke of Marlborough (1820). The house is a plain pbuilding, situated in the centre
in the park were planted by Charles Diy who also formed a bowling-green; but this, with a flower-garden formed by Queen Anne, were destroyed during the late and preceding reigns.
7563. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. A surface of 800,000 acres; elevated, hilly in many parts, and the
climate cold; low, fertile, and humid, howe the borders of Monmouthshire and agricultural purposes. The
ver, on the banks of the rivers, as in the Vale of Gloucester. On are some woods of lime-tree, from the bark of which ropes are made for fishery re are a number of nurserymen in this county, of which the principal are
Book I,
geet and Millet f wheeler has® n Dictionary.
roi, The follow Cl eanded
e villa ’p h, th ietol
—nea Buenos Ayres jen
Cheltenham, z formed 4 brick ¢
drain is furnish?
drain| with
prospect Zi T opiton in 7565, Mansion am Badmington House,- house is am extensiVe in 1692; the park is 0 ny noble avenues. Tt duke’ time; but are Barnsley Park,— ne mansion 1s 4 sumptu park is three miles in ¢ plantations«
z am on Hall The house is an 8 is a good specimen ot and three miles in circ Clear Well, some mansion and Dyrhan,—neat oi a
and well zt é Highmeadon, near Ne'
7560, WORCESTE! Broomsgrove, but in g The white 0 minghammarket; car
from whieh place crab.
more Park,— near|
sfurd, at D Warren Hastings, Bsq
prated for the fine scattered Asa seat, however, itis d or flower-garden scenery lssen the comforts of it must cross the open par ot any Kind, The ongir formed by the first Lord ated Some years avo, and
Dt
&
1
Hom Court, near Up mansion, lately built, situa antations in an elegant s
ansion, dated 1710, tat being then unknown), ad surrounded by vel Hendll Grange,— near} Very extensive house, dated IN Wel
ens; the distar © Country, very pictures
| 1a) MONMouT lands; abounding in County, like that of ¢
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Book I. GARDENS OF MONMOUTHSHIRE. 1075
Sweet and Miller of Bristol, who are the most extensive garden-tradesmen in the west of England.| Miss Wheeler has a nursery at Gloucester, which was founded by her father, the author of a Gardener’s
Dictionary.
7564. The following are villa-residences:—
Blaize Castle,—near Bristol; J. Harford, Esq. The house is an elegant Grecian design by Nash; the grounds are recluse, well-wooded and highly beautiful. Not far distant is a picturesque village of thatched cottages, also from the designs of Nash, the habitations of pensioners of the pro- prietor.
Buenos Ayres,— near Painwick; B. Hyett, Esq. The house is a handsome modern edifice, judiciously joined to woods, and embellished by new plantations.
Cheltenham,—Tomlyns, Esq. The gardener(Evans) has formed a brick drain along the front of his vine-border.‘This drain is furnished with hopper funnels at each end, through which liquid manure is supplied to the roots unaccompanied by the unpleasant smells which are dispersed around when this manure is poured on the surface.
Prinknash,—near Tewkesbury; T.B. Howel, Esq. A low Elizabethean house, on an elevated site, commandiny extensive prospects. Considerable improvements were made by the pre- sent proprietor in 1806.
7565. Mansion and demesne residences.
Badmington House,—Sudbury; Duke of Beaufort. The house is an extensive building, on a French model, erected in 1682; the park is nine miles in circumference, intersected by noble avenues. The gardens were celebrated in the first duke’s time; but are at present rather neglected.
Barnsley Park,—near Bibury; James Musgrave, Esq. The mansion is a sumptuous edifice, in the Italian style. The park is three miles in circumference, and contains some exten- sive plantations.
x Barrington Hall,—near Great Barrington; Lord Dynevor. The house is an elegant Doric structure; in the grounds is a good specimen of a ferme ornée: the park is well wooded, and three miles in circumference.
Clear Well,—near Newlands; T. Windham, Esq. A hand- some mansion and plantations around it well pie geed
Dyrham,—near Sudbury; W. Brathwayte, Esq. A hand- some mansion, with a front of 130 feet, and a park of 500 acres.
Dunstbourne Abbots,—near North Cerney; Sir M. 8. Pley- dell. A villa on a singular plan, situated on an eminence distinguished for the beauty of its scener:
Guiting Park,— near Withington;—— Snell, Esq. The house is elegant and compact, and the grounds beautifully varied and well wooded.
Highmeadow,— near Newnham; Lord Gage. A noble man-
sion, in a bold situation, containing a fine bird's-eye view of the village. EB
Highnam Court,—near Gloucester; Sir B. W. Guise. J mansion by Inigo Jones; an extensive park, and pleasure grounds, judiciously disposed.
K King’s Weston,—near Clifton; Lady de Clifford. The house, one of Vanburgh’s best designs, in a situation rarely equalled for beauty and grandeur.‘The park abounds in fine oaks and elms; the pleasure-grounds with American plants; and there are good kitchen and flower gardens. The views towards the Severn and the Avon, ravish thesenses with their grandeur and beauty, and render this place one of the finest in the county.
Lydney Park,—near Lydney; Rt. Hon. C. B. Bathurst. An old mansion, and near it some fine woods,
x Oakley Grove,—near Cirencester; Earl Bathurst. A mansion in’ the old French style, amidst pines and other ever- green trees.
Rendcomle,— near Chedworth; S. Barrington, Bishop of
Durham.‘The mansion is elegant and the park extensive, abounding in wood, and furnishing fine prospects.
Sherborne House,—near Sherborne; Lord Sherborne. dd mats embellishe ees AN Handson
specid market-gardens for
1) Hall,- ire Hi jon, with
adomed wit!
Bilston House,— nea
WI‘itby Hall, near|
LEICESTE! gra counties in E Fich, have seldom go rich, have seldom 8
Beoumanor,—near A: The patk extolled for f rand sublimity of cha
hailding
is in a bot descending to 1
7514, DERBYSHIR the'valleys rich and be and some neat cottage Brahy Par
an el and gard
ja Locke Park,— near Lo
Osbaston,, alarge han
Overton Hall,—near D)
Boox I. GARDENS OF
Hagley Hall,-— near Rugstone; Lord Curzon. A finely si- tuated house, and the artificial scenery around it very judi- ciously disposed.
Ingestree Hall,— near Stafford; Earl Talbot. park, enclose rks, which) try, prese
HESHIRE There are 2 i Altringham 18
As
e 7500, C
WESTMOR moors, that call
ut
Face as 4 basement 50\\§ building rather low forth pects excellent. The p ftlent, and command
Stpassed perhaps in ay “ee 3S a terrace of
\ 7093, CUMBERL
i Most numerous;
“Te climate is severe Corby(
near(
| Wooded Me. The grand
Pain ly,
a ans ty We ta 205 bea pi
terrace the baling he, ty scale, the teal he en, admire,
ried OY nbol, ot(amphi,
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upped tome fe re towns, AE thelr CAE gait
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1 bP
Boox I. GARDENS OF CUMBERLAND. 1081
Jarge Elizabethean mansion, m a conspicuous situation; the park, the remains of an ancient forest, but rather de- nuded.
Duckenfield Lodge,—near Ashton; lately F. D. Astley,
Jsq-, author of Hints to Planters. An irregular pile, on BbieeD hill, with a broad terrace, and grounds particularly grend and romantic.
Haddow Hall,— near Little Milton; T. Weddel, Esq. A most romantic and picturesque situation.
Haigh Hall,—near Wigan; Earl of Balcarras. A vener- able mansion, and grounds, remarkable for a summer-house built of Cannel coal.
Heaton Lodge,— near Manchester; Earl Wilton. A handsome stone edifice, by the late Samuel Wyatt, Esq. on 2commanding situation, in the midst of a fine park, five mules in circumference, and enclosed with a stone wall. ‘Lhe entrance-lodgesin Doric, and mansion in the Ionic style.
Crford Hall,—near Warrington; Mrs. Hornby. The garden here was formerly rich in botany; anda catalogue of the plants was published by the gardener, Neale, in 1779.
Townley Hall,—near Bumley; J. Townley, Esq. A large venerable structure, forming three sides of a quadran- gle; the park, enclosed in Henry VII.’s time, contains some very old oaks, which, with the contiguous mountains and distant country, present various combinations of grand and picturesque scenery.
Croston Rectory,—near Ormskirk. About twenty years ago the garden here was remarkable for its melons, which were trained on a hot-wall, and by using the seed of succes- sive generations, the plants were found to be in some degree acclimated. The plants were rooted under bell-glasses on a moderate hot-bed at the base of the wall, and trained up it like the love-apple.
Woodfold. H. Sudell, Esq. near Blackburn. A hand- some house and an extensive park, well stocked with deer. A kitchen-garden, prolific in forced and exotic productions, and a flower-garden under a separate gardener.
Conniston Priory,—near Ambleside;—— Braddyl, Esq. Chiefly remarkable for its abundant horticultural products, hardy, forced, and exotic.
7589. First-rate residences.
Ashton Hall,— near Lancaster; Duke of Hamilton. An old baronial castle, in a park abounding with noble woods and fine marine views.
Knowléshy Park,— near Prescot; Earl of Derby. Anan- cient mansion and very extensive park, greatly improved by the present owner. The kitchen-gardens are extensive and well managed; and near them is one of the largest aviaries in England. The gardener here excels in growing cucumbers, which he produces at table every day in the year, from a small
fae. ®.3 ayy «
hot-honse or pit, with a vault underneath, the first which was heated by steam in England.
7590. CHESHIRE. A surface of 676,000 acres; generally level, with a moist climate, and deep rich soil. There are a number of market-gardens in this county, for the supply of Liverpool and the ship- ping; Altringham is famous for the carrot, which bears its name. There are good nurseries at Nant- wich and Knutsford; and neat cottage and fine flower-gardens in several places.
Alderley Park,—near Alderley; Stanley, Esq. Chiefly re- markable for its beech-grove, the trees of which are among the largest in the kingdom.
Bramwell Hall,— near Stockport; W. Davenport, Esq. The mansion is in the Gothic style, and very ancient.‘The site is elevated, and the prospects are pleasing, over a winding brook in a wooded bottom.
30lesrvorth Castle,—near Barn Hill; Sir O. Mosely. The house is spacious, and in the Gothic style; and the grounds, though possessing little natural beauty, have been judiciously laid out.
Bromborough House,— near Bromborough; James Man- waring, Esq. The mansion is a handsome building, of the red stone of the country, and the grounds are pleasant and judi- ciously laid out.
x Booth’s Hall,—near Knutsford; P. Legh, Esq. The mansion is plain, the park extensive, and varied by some fine pieces of water.
Carden,—near Farm; John Leech, Esq.‘The mansion is a venerable building, and the park and grounds are spacious and beautiful.
xX Durham Massey,—near Altringham; Earl Stamford. The mansion is a spacious brick quadrangle; and the park which surrounds it is extensive, and full of fine timber. Some of the oaks are of extraordinary magnitude; and in their tops is a heronry, where many herons associate, and build in so- ciety like rooks. The pleasure grounds are extensive, and well arranged..
Hyde Hall,—near Hyde-Chapel; George Hyde Clark, Esq. The house ancient, and the grounds picturesque and elegant.
Lyme Hail,— near Stockport; John Iegh, Esq. The house is a quadrangle, in the style prevalent in James II.’s reign. The park is not well wooded, but remarkable for its trees. At pre- sent both house and grounds are undergoing great alterations.
Poynton,—near Stockport; Sir George Warren. The man- sion is an elegant Ionic building; the park extensive, and the pleasure-grounds beautifully disposed.
Peel Hall,—near Halton; the property of the Earl of Ply- mouth. It is one of the most magnificent old mansions in the county, though now only occupied as a farmhouse.
7591. The following are first-rate residences:—
Cholmondely Hall,—near Malpas; Earl Cholmondeley. A spacious mansion has lately been erected; and the grounds laid out by Webb.
Crewe Hall,—near Wyburnbury; John Crewe, Esq. The mansion is a fine structure, by Inigo Jones; and the grounds are judiciously laid out.
x Eaton Hall,—near Eaton; Earl Grosvenor(gros and ve- neur, Fr. or grand huntsman; an ancestor of this family having been in this capacity to the king). The house was originally built by Sir John Vanburgh, but has lately been remodelled, in the Gothic style, by Hardwick. The park is extensive, and, with the gardens, has been much improved from the designs of Repton.
x Tatton Park,— near Knutsford; W. Egerton, Esq. The house is from an elegant design of Wyatt; the park con- tains 2500 acres, including a mere, or lake, of some extent; the kitchen-garden is large, and contains a spacious well con- structed pinery, and shady border for mosses.
7502... WESTMORELAND. A surface of 462,080 acres; much varied by lofty mountains, naked hills,
and moors, that call aloud for planting and draining.
Colgarth,— near Ambleside;—————. The residence of the late Bishop of Llandaff; chiefly deserving notice for its ex- tensive and judiciously managed plantations.
Curmen’s Island,—in Wynandermere lake, near Ambleside; J.C. Curwen, Esq. A Roman villa, with a dome, in the centre of a small island, well wooded, and the walks and gardens ar- yanged from the designs of the late T. White, Esq. the land- sceape-gardener of the north.
x Lowther Castle,— near Lowther; Lord Lonsdale. A first- rate residence, the mansion castellated by Smirke, of rose- tinted white stone, with an outer and inner court, and a ter- race as a basement 500 feet long and 100 feet wide: the whole building rather low for the style of architecture, but in other re- spects excellent. The parks and pleasure-grounds are of great extent, and command a variety of prospects and scenery, not surpassed perhaps in any other part of the British dominions. There is a terracé of closely mown turf: the grasses of the
finest mountain kind. It is nearly a mile in length, and runs along the brink of a limestone cliff, which overlooks a great part of the park, irregularly scattered with forest trees of im- mense growth, and well stocked with deer. It was this park that Lord Macartney compared to the garden of the Emperor of China at Gehol. ~-Rayrigg Hall,— near Kendal; Rev. T. Fleming. On the banks of Wynandermere; and said to resemble Ferney, the ce- lebrated seat of Voltaire, near Geneva.;
Rydal Hail(Rye-dale),—near Kendal; Sir F. Le Fleming. A romantic seat on a mountain side, clothed with natural oak- woods, and celebrated for its waterfall. i
Warton,— near Carlisle; J. Jackson, Esq. The gardens re- semble those of Kensington; and are said to have been laid out by Mollet, James II.’s gardener, for the Scaiffe family, suc- cessors from Edward II.’s time til! within the eighteenth cen- tury.
7593. CUMBERLAND. A surface of 970,000 acres, entirely mountainous, and abounding in lakes, the most numerous and celebrated of any county in the empire: as 1n the other north-western counties,
the climate is severe, and winter long and dreary. Corby Castle,—near Carlisle; Henry Howard, Esq. The mansion has lately been improved from the designs of Nicholson; it is boldly situated on the banks of the Eden, which are well wooded by nature, and singularly grand and picturesque. The grandfather of the present owner began
to lead walks through these grounds in 1706, and is said to have been one of the first persons who broke through the tram- mels of the ancient style of laying out grounds. he late Mr. Meikle, who was a good deal employed to lay out grounds in the north of Engiand, was originally gardener here.
OR eT 5 TELE
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1082
Muncaster House,— near Ravenglass; Lord Muncaster. Great improvements have been made by planting the bleak hills on this estate: his lordship has also irrigated extensively, and is a very spirited agriculturist. F _ Nunnery,—near Penrith; Rich. Bambey, Esq. The house is in a low confined situation; but the grounds are extremely beautiful, and laid out with great taste and judgment.‘They lie along the banks of the Eden, whose rugged bed produces several cascades and one waterfall of nearly twelve feet.
7594. HAMPSHIRE. without high hil
next in repute that of Page. and gardeners of the county. aged by a regular vigneron. esteemed.
Appulldurcombe,— near Godshill, Isle of Wight; The Hon. — Detiiarc A Corinthian mansion of freestone, with four fronts, in a spacious park in the midst of an amphitheatre of hills, ornamented with trees of large size, and commanding fine prospects.
Avington,—near Winchester; Duke of Buckingham. particularly of the cork-tree, eae ones a—
‘he park is extensive, divided by inconsp managed as a grazing farm.
Dunglass House,— near Dunglass; Sir J. Hall ally situated on the banks of a stream, rol cient woods and new plantations.
Yynningham,—near Dunbar; Earl of Haddiy
markable for its fine old woods, planted fn ecington. Be the last century, by a former earl, who wrote a treatise ¢ Planting. There is also a remarkably fine holly-hedze of the same standing, and a good kitchen-garden. In 1805 fies apples were grown herein a pit, with a brick vault below: into which steam was introduced. Someof the plants were in’ t i and the rest planted in the soil. Oe
Ormiston,— near Haddington;—— Cockburn, Esq kitchen-garden, and well planted pleasure-grounds.
still exist, T species of quercus. icuous enclosures, and
5 Romantic- and surrounded by an-
vevinning of
+ A good
acres. The northern part mountainous, with few rich in soil in some places; de Ounty There are only two or three market-gardens near
rounded by natural woods, romantic dells, and extensive arti- ficial plantations.
Dunse Castle,—near Dunse;—— Hay, Esq. A respectable old place.-
acres, Chiefly hilly and mountainous, and in great
part under pasture. There are a few acres of market-garden ground near Kelso and Jedburgh; and some orchards at these places, at Melrose, and at Gatton. At Jedburgh are pear-trees supposed to be from five to six centuries old. Some account of these orchards will be found in the Caledonian Horti-
cultural Society’s Memoirs.(Vol. iii. p. 286.)
Hawick and Hassendean Nurseries.—Messrs. Dickson’s exten- sive establishments, at the villages bearing these names, begun 1729; they supply the north of England and south of Scotland; and from them originated the Leith Walk nursery, in Midlo- thian, and the Perth nursery, in Perthshire.
Orchards of Melrose and Jedburgh.— Apple and pear trees, planted by the priests of the abbeys of these towns, in the 16th century, which are still very prolific, especially the pears: the two principal kinds are called the duke’s and monk pears.
Crailing House,—near Crailing:—— Paton, Jsq.
- f
ch mud, and in th ample ranges
7632. UNIT
and be
culture, and be:
Borrowstounness
Barnbougle Pa
Roseberry. a
Hy ton House! Hopelon, One of the
763, CLACKMAY
generally well cultiv
thelate sorts, Show Pork,—near Ki
7634. KINROSS a large lake, ) Blair Adam,—near Ki for the extent of the pl
763, FIFESHIR some lakes, and bot Itis an old county, the climate is unfa’ the cottage to the x garden in the count
Kircaldy Nursery,— Planers‘Kalendar, and and managing plantatior and at some other towns, -Gardens,— The byahigh fruitewall at at Pathhead, and one o county.
Orchards.—There are one laid out by Sane in are til tobe seen a the
X Wemyss Care, 1
_ 7636, PERTHSH D8 some fertile val tream-colored che Robertson(Agr, Su one at Dundee, an¢ held at Perth,
Parr IV,
ra~. met i FEET a es
Book I. GARDENS OF SCOTLAND. 1091
in imitation of the duke’s residence of that name in the cir- mantic and truly noble residence on the banks of the Clyda,
cle of Vienne, in France. The acorns grown in Hamilton with excellent gardens, an extensive collection of plants, and
Park are reckoned the best produced in Scotland. most romantic walks and rustic structures. The whole kept Bothwell House,—near Bothwell; Lord Douglas. A ro- in the highest order. x
7630. DUMBARTONSHIRE. A surface of 159,356 acres, chiefly mountainous, abounding in mosses and moors, with some natural woods, in which the holly and yew are more common than anywhere else in Scotland.
Orchards.— These are rare, though fruit-trees thrive well in Rosedoe,—near Luss; Sir J. Colquhoun. The house de the county. Excellent apples are produced in the tradesmen’s lightfully situated on a peninsula projecting into Lochlomond: gardens of Dumbarton; and there 1s an orchard at Lochlomond, the grounds well wooded by nature, and a good kitchen-garden belonging to Macdonald Buchanan of Ross, which contains| lately formed at considerable expense. two of the largest and most healthy golden pippin-trees in Ross,— on Lochlomond; H. iva Buchanan, Esq. Remark- Scotland, generally very productive. able for its beautiful beeeh-trees.
7631. STIRLINGSHIRE. A surface of 450,560 acres of hills and fertile valleys; the latter generally underaration. There isa nursery at Stirling, and some market-gardens of the commonest kind between that town and St. Ninians, and at Falkirk,
Orchards.— There are upwards of 20 of these in this county, Callander,—near Falkirk;—— Forbes, Esq. The grounds generally very prolific in pears, apples, and plums; cherries remarkable for large and venerable oak, ash, and beech-trees, are little grown in Scotland.‘lhe green-gage plum ripens in which were among the earliest artificial plantations reared in these orchards as a standard, and there are some large and Scotland.
prolific pear-trees nearly two centuries old. The alluvial soil Mynadoc Castle,—near Buchanan; James, Duke of Mon- of the Carseland is from 30 to upwards of 100 feet in depth, of trose. A noble place, surrounded by extensive plantations, rich mud, and in this the tap-roots of the pear-tree find an the present duke having been one of the greatest planters in ample range. Scotland.
7632. LINLITHGOWSHIRE. A surface of 71,580 acres, agreeably varied, generally under mixed culture, and beautifully watered on one side by the Forth. There are a few markct-gardens about Borrowstounness and Linlithgow.
Barnbougle Purk,—near Queensferry; Earl of Roseberry. A castellated mansion on a rock within high-water mark, lately much improved by Wilkins; the park extensive and finely wooded, and subdivided in the manner peculiar to the country, so as to be rendered available as a grazing- farm.
Hopeton House,— near Queensferry; Earl 5 of= Hopeton. One of the most stately and imposing- mansions in Scotland, in the Grecian style, by yy-& Sir W. Bruce, and finished by Adams. It stands Y
RQ on a lawn of a mile in length, washed by the lp, Forth, and is surrounded by extensive woods and Wf; y SES / /;
plantations, a pleasure and kitchen garden in high Yff Wy Yi Vy SS
<
Nenliston,—near Ratho;—— Hogg, Esq. Yy zood house with extensive grounds planted by the Jarl of Stair, in the ancient style; the trees in platoons, arranged, as it is vulgarly said, in the order of two engaging armies. The grounds in some places were formerly cut into curious flights of steps and terraces( fig. 755.); but much of this taste was ebliterated about the beginning of the present century. The trees are for the greater part horn- beams, that species being at once of rapid growth and patient of pruning and clipping.‘The timber, however, is of little value, excepting for fuel.
7633. CLACKMANNANSHIRE. A surface of 30,720 acres, beautifully varied, with few hills, and generally well cultivated. There is a market-garden at Alloa, of about five acres, and some small nurseries.
2 Orchards.— There are some near Culross: one called Castle-| grounds contain extensive plantations of oak-trees, and are hill is at least two centuries old. The apple-trees are nearly capable of being rendered a beautiful and extensive park.
exhausted with age, but the pear-trees remain in full bearing; Tillibodie, near Alloa: Sir Ralph Abercrombie. The the Crawford and sugar are the principal early, and the Achans house and grounds backed by the Ochil hills, one of which is the late sorts. finely plantedfrom the designs of Nasmyth, the landscape-
Shaw Park,—near Kincardine: Earl of Mansfield. The painter.
7634. KINROSS-SHIRE. A surface of 39,702 acres, considerably varied by hills, valleys, streams, and a large lake.
} Blair Adam,—near Kinross: W. Adam, Esq. Remarkable but now covered with finely sheltered grass fields, and the for the extent of the plantations on a barren-like peat soil, general climate improved by the drainage and warmth.
7635. FIFESHIRE. A peninsular surface of 322,500 acres, finely varied by hills, valleys, a mountain, some lakes, and bounded on one side by the Forth, the other by the Tay, and the third by the open sea. It is an old county, well cultivated, and containing some fine country-seats of moderate extent. Though the climate is unfavorable for the larger fruits, yet in no county of Scotland are gardens so gencral from
. Y~::> ary the cottage to the mansion, or so well managed: asa proof, there is scarcely such a thing as a marxet- garden in the county.
atic Uy 1; Y) S: cultivation. a yy yy ij Ye
Kircaldy Nursery,—at WKircaldy; Sang, editor of The| famous for its kitchen-garden, laid out by Nicol, and its Planter’s Kalendar, and an extensive contractor for planting pleasure- grounds by White of Durham. The house is sur- and managing plantations.‘There is also a nursery at Cupar, rounded by extensive plantations, and the whole place is kept and at some other towns. in the highest degree of order and neatness.
Market-Gardens.— There is one of six acres, surrounded x Raith,— near Kircaldy;—— Ferguson, Esq. Most excel- by ahigh fruit-wall at Kircaldy; one of nearly equal extent lent kitchen-gardens also by Nicol, and finely-planted grounds at Pathhead, and one or two more at different parts of the in high keeping- re# A county. Balgony Castle, near Markinch: Earl of Levin. A qua-
Orchards.—'There are none of recent formation, excepting| drangular structure, on the banks of the Levin, of great anti- one laid out by Sang in 1811; but the remains of fruit-trees| quity; surrounded by finely wooded grounds, containing a are still to be seen at the ancient abbey of Lindores. good kitchen-garden.
x Wemyss Castle,—near Kircaldy; Gen. Wemyss. Long
7636. PERTHSHIRE. A surface of 4,068,640 acres, much varied by hills and mountains, but contain- ing some fertile valleys called straths and carses. It contains some excellent country-residences. The cream-colored cherry of Ardvorlich, and the black gean of Castle Menzies, are mentioned by Dr. Robertson(Agr. Surv. of Perthshire) as being much esteemed.‘There is a respectable nursery at Perth, one at Dundee, and some lesser ones at Dunkeld, and other places; there is also a Horticultural Society
held at Perth.
Perth Nurseries—contain between 50 and 60 acres; the Orchards.—'There are upwards of twenty in the Carse of rincipal is by Dickson and Brown; in whose extensive and Gowrie, situated on the flat northern ges ae Tay, nighly respectable establishment some fine varieties of the} chiefly from IXinfauns to the town of Dundee. pee est are Scotch rose have been originated from seed. about 100 years: the soil is a deep mud or clay. ur) occ upy
Market-Gardens.— Dundee is said to be better supplied with in all nearly 150 acres. There are also a few old orchards vegetables than any other town in Scotland. The quantity of| along the south base of the()chil hills. een a ground on which they are grown is estimated at 100 acres; and Scone Palace,—near it erth; Earl of Mans: fiel. A nob e James Reid, in 1750, was the first who excelled in this mode of| castellated mansion by Atkinson, in one of the finest situations culture. The siipping ensures a brisk demand for common| in Scotland, w ith a lawn in front of great extent, washed by articles.° the T'ay, and backed by rising grounds covered with wood.
ATA?
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id tela tli a encalict ci
1092 STATISTICS OF
The gardens and pleasure-grounds extensive, complete, and well managed.
Duplin Castle—near Perth; Earl of Kinnoul.
from the 1,
ded are fg bi rsh prs, onally inthe, enchanting in, of seats De reland, an ch Without tr S with boty Old’s Cross wey happily thin netors Would jp
Boox I.
A Hortus exroticus(p), or garden for tender exotics, com- prising a conservatory, two green-houses, and a hot-house parallel, close together, and commencing by a common pas- sage at the north end.
A Professors house and Lecture-room(7), with a library hortus siccus,&c. The house of the former proprietor, Tickel, is preserved, and arranged for this purpose.
This garden is managed by a professor and lecturer, with a salary of 300/., a superintendant at LOO/., two assistants at 601. each, twelve gardeners at 12s. per week, and six ap- prentices at 9s. The total annual expense, including 75/. as rent for the land, is about 1500/. a-year. Besides the usual number of apprentices, six who having passed the usual period under private gardeners, are received here to complete their knowledge and experience, especially in the hortus esculentus, After passing two years here they are received as gardeners into private houses, and are much sought after. A premium of five guineas is given by the society to those who are recom- mended by the superintendant for assiduity and good con- duct; and the superintendant receives 5/. as a gratuity for his trouble in instructing them.
The. Botanic Garden at Trinity College.—'This garden was begun in 1807. It is situated in low grounds, and contains three and a half acres, of an irregular shape, surrounded by a wall twelve feet high. There are separate arrangements for trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, according to the Linnean system; and a very full collection of medicinal plants, ar- ranged according to the natural method of Jussieu.‘To each plant is prefixed a label containing the systematic and English names, and class and order, both of Linneus and Jussieu. Separate arrangements are formed for the perennial, the biennial, and annual herbaceous plants, and for the grasses. Only one wing of the intended range of glass has yet been built, which comprises a stove thirty-five by sixteen, and a green-house forty feet by sixteen. In front is a small aqua- rium.‘Chis garden is rapidly increasing in riches under the excellent management of its present curator, G. Mackay, who is also botanical demonstrator, and lectures on botany and horticulture.
GARDENS OF IRELAND. 1095
Of Villa Gardens.—There are a very considerable number that might be enumerated, such as St. Catherines, belonging to the bankers Latouche; St. Woolstans,—— Kane, i3sq., Mount Sackville,—— M‘Kemmis, Esq.; Edmondberry,——- Needham, Esq.; Donnybrook, Dr. Percival; those of Miss Colville, Miss Smyth, Mrs. M‘Ganns, besides a number near Bray, Lucan, Leixlip, Clontarf,&c.
Clare Hall,—near Donnybrook;——-——- Stupendous rocky scenery, with old trees in the park.
Marino,— near Dublin; Earl of Charlemont. A delightful edifice, in a demesne of 200 acres, judiciously and tastefully planted, with a fine ornamental temple.‘The grounds are thrown open to the Dublin citizens two days a-week.
Merville(sea villa),— near Donnybrook; Lord Downes, A beautiful mansion and grounds. An extensive collection of ornamental plants; 4 green-house, stove, flower forcing-house, by A. M‘Leish, and culinary forcing-houses.
Leopard’s Town,— Lord Castlecoote, situate at the bottom of the Dublin mountains, and abounding in picturesque views from the house and walks in the pleasure-ground.
Terenure,— F. Bourne, Esq. Extensive hot-houses and gardens; and_a varied collection of plants, judiciously ar- ranged by J. Fraser, an excellent botanist and gardener, and a man of general information.
Mount Merrion,—near Donnybrook; Lord Fitz William. A magnificent mansion, with gardens and trees.
Nentown Park,—near Donnybrook;. A mag- nificent mansion, and some trees in the park.
Kylister,— Lord Newcomen. A fine situation; the kitchen- garden remarkable for its grapes and pines.
Kingstowr,—The Right Hon. W. Saurin. A small garden, but rich in exotic productions: fruits, and flowers, and espe- cially of bulbous exotics.
Rathfarnham Castle,— near Rathfarnham;—— z magnificent castellated structure, with agreeable pleasure- grounc Se
Tollagh Palace,— at Tollagh; Archbishop of Dublin. An ancient venerable structure, with extensive gardens, kept in fine order.
7654, WICKLOW. A finely varied surface of 305,404 Irish acres; with fine dells and brooks, and
bordering on the sea.
Belview,— near Bray; D. Latouche, Esq. A romantic resi- dence, with extensive gardens and hot-houses, on which no expense is spared to preserve their reputation of being the first in Ireland.
Glenmore Castle,— F. Synge, Esq. Extensive mountain plantations going forward; varied scenery in the home views, and prospects reaching even to Wales; hot-houses and flower- gardens.
Clonmanning,— Rev. Dr. Trewel. Extensive kitchen-gar- dens, and thé first cast-iron hot-houses erected in Ireland, from the designs of A. M‘Leish. Myrtles grow here in the open air to the height of sixteen or eighteen feet.
Kilruddery,— near Bray; Earl of Meath. aA romantic|
country-residence, in a deep valley, overshadowed by lofty mountains. Newtown Mount Kennedy,— near the village of that name;
Lord Rossmore. Extensive plantations, and a waterfall of 100 feet, in what is called the Devil’s Glen.
Powerscourt,—near Enniskerry; Lord Powerscourt. An extensive-fronted edifice, in a demesne of 600 acres tastefully planted, and ornamented with water and buildings.
Charleville,— near Enniskerry; Lord Monck. Situated on the river Dargle, with a luxuriance of rural beauties.
Blessington“Park,— near Blessington; Marquis of Down- shire. A fine park; the house consumed in the rebellion of 1798, and not yet rebuilt.‘This place was formerly famous for the first kitchen-gardens in Ireland.
Rusborough,— near Naas; Earl Miltown. The frent of the house and offices form an extensive facade of hewn stone, nearly 700 feet long. The grounds finely varied and well planted.
7655. WEXFORD. A peninsular surface of 315,396 Irish acres, of good soil, but little varied in
aspect.
Camolen Park,— near Enniscorthy; Earl Mountmorris. A beautiful demesne.
7656. KILKENNY. A surface, somewhat varied by hills, of 318,249 Irish acres. There is a good nursery here, by John Robertson, who has distinguished himself by some excellent papers published in the Ty‘ansactions of the London Horticultural Society.
Ballyraget House,— near Ballyraget; Lady Ormond. A charming demesne; the mansion bumed down during the rebellion of 1798, but restored by her ladyship.
Desart,— near Bennet’s-bridge; Lord Desart. A magnifi- cent mansion and extensive demesne.
Ashbrooke,— near Durrow; Lord Ashbrooke. A magnifi- cent mansion, with an extensive demesne.
7657. KILDARE. A flat surface of 242,245 Irish acres of fine arable soil.
Bishop-court,—near Kill; Lord Ponsonby. A magnificent mansion and highly cultivated demesne.
Belan,— near Tinolin; Lord Aldborough.€ up in the year 1749 by Sir W. Watson, is printed in the 46th vol. of the Philosophical Transactions; and of the family monument erected by Mrs. Ashmole, in the 63d vol. of that work.
Catalogue of the plants in his garden.
1657. Beale, John, a Herefordshire gentleman.
1. A Treatise on Fruit Trees, shewing their Manner of Grafting, Pruning, and Ordering: Of Cider and Perry: Of Vineyards in England,&c. Oxf. 1653, 1657, 4to. 1665, 12mo.
2. The Hereford Orchards; a pattern for the whole of Eng- land. Lond. 1657, 12mo. 1724, 8vo.
3. Observations on some parts of Bacon’s Natural History, as it concerns Fruit Trees, Fruits, and Flowers. Oxf. 1658. 4to. Printed along with the work entitled, A Treatise on Fniit Trees, 1665. 12mo.
4. General Advertisement concerning Cider.— Letters about ae a ae of Nurseries, Orchards,&c. Lond. 1677. 4to.
658. Browne, Sir Thomas, M.D., an eminent phy- sician and antiquary, was born in London, 1605, died 1682.
1, Hydriotaphia; or, a Discourse of porwr! Urns lately found in Norfolk; together with the Garden of Cyrus, or the Quincuncial Lozenage, or Net-work Plantation of the An- cients, artificially, naturally, and mystically considered. Lond. 1658. 8vo.
2. Certain Miscellany Tracts in Scripture, of Gardens. Lond. 1684. 8vo.
1658. Evelyn, John, F.R.S., an eminent natural philosopher and patriot, was born at Wotton, in Surrey, the seat of his father, Richard Evelyn, Esq.; the 3lst of October, 1620: after he had finished his education at Oxford, his philosophic turn of mind induced him to quit his native country, rather than engage in the civil war then breaking out, and in 1644, he set out to make the tour of Europe. He wrote on a variety of subjects, philosophical, politi- cal, and literary, and died on the 27th of February 1705-6, in the 86th year of his age, and was interred at Wotton.
In 1819, Memoirs of J. Evelyn, Esq., including his Diary, were published by William Bray(in 2 vols. 4to.), a very interest- ing book, as affording a faithful picture of the times in which he lived, and a good idea of the gardens on the continent at the time he travelled, and those of England at the end of the 17th century.
1. The French Gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of Fruit-Trees and Herbs for the Garden; together with directions to dry and conserve them in their natural state. Lond. 1658, 8vo.
2. Fumifugium; or, the Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London dissipated; together with some Remedies humbly »roposed. Lond. 1661. 12mo. This work was addressed to
is Majesty King Charles II., and published by his express command. The author proposes the removal of such trades as require great fires, five or six miles out of London, towards Greenwich; also of slaughter-houses and chandlers; and to plant fragrant nurseries and gardens in the low grounds near the city. The lime-trees in St. James’s Park were planted in co q e of this suggestion
3. Sylva; or, a Discourse of Forest-Trees, and the Propaga- tion of Timber in His Majesty’s Dominions. To which is an- nexed, Pomona; or, an Appendix concerning Fruit Trees in relation to Cider, the making and several ways of ordering it. Lond. 1664. fol. Dr. Hunter, of New York, published an ele- gant edition, with copious Notes and Engravings, in 1776, 2 vols. 4to.
4, Kalendarium Hortense; or, the Gardener’s Almanac, di- seetae what he is to do monthly throughout the year, and what Fruits and Flowers are in their prime. Lond. 1664. 8vo.
5. Terra; a Philosophical Discourse of Earth, relating to the Culture and Improvement of it for vegetation and the propa- gation of Plants, as it was presented to the Royal Society, April 29. 1675. Lond. 1675. fol.
6. Pomona; a Discourse concerning Cider. Lond. 1679. fol.
7. Monsieur de Ja Quintinye’s Treatise of Orange-Trees, with the raising of Melons, omitted in the French editions, made English by J. E. Lond. 1698.
8. Acetaria; or, a Discourse of Sallets. Lond. 1699. 8vo.
1660. Sharrock, Robert, LL. D., prebendary of Winchester, born in Buckinghamshire in the 17th century, author of various judicial and theological works; died 1634.
1. The History of the Propagation and Improvement of Ve- getables by the concurrence of Art and Nature. Written ac cording to Observations made from Experience and Practice. Oxford, 1660. 8vo.
2. Improvements to the Art of Gardening; or, an exact Treatise of Plants. Lond. 1694. fol.
1662. Cowley, Abraham, an eminent English poet, was born in London 1618; began to write poems at the age of fifteen; lived in terms of intimacy with Evelyn and other eminent men of his time; went to court; but at last, Spence informs us, he grew sick of going there,“ took a house first at Battersea and then at Chertsey, always farther and farther from town, where he died in 1667. His death, Pope ob- serves, was owing to a mere accident. He went with Dean Sprat, who afterwards published his life and writings, to dine at a neighbor’s house, who ac- cording to the fashion of the times, made them too welcome. They did not set out for their walk home till it was late, and had drank so deep that they lay
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died 1680.
with Brelyn’s 1668, Worltag J, Systema Agr covered. By J. W. 9, The Art ot 1672. Drope, Francs in Berkshire, where other a physi this Work Was pu tnther, and dedicated
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Boox I. BRITISH WORKS
out in the fields all night. This gave Cowley the fever, which carried him off." He disliked women, and was fond of retirement in idea, and pants after it in his poems; but, according to Dr. Johnson, was unhappy when he had attained his wishes.
: Plantarum Herborum, Florum, et Sylvarum, Lond. 1662.
8vo.
1664. Blake, Stephen.
The complete Gardener’s Practice, 4to. Lond.
1665. Hughes, William.
1, The Complete Vineyard; or, an excellent way for the planting of Vines, and ordering of Wines and Wine-presses, according to the German and French manner. Lond. 1670.
vo.
2. The American Physician, or a Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees,&c., growing in the English Plantations; with a Discourse on the Cocoa Tree, and the ways of making Chocolate. Lond. 1672. 12mo.
3. The Flower Garden; how most Flowers are ordered, increased,&c. Lond. 1672. 12mo.
1665. Rea, John, gent. He seems to have been a professional gardener, and to have given plans for laying out grounds.
‘lora, or a complete Florilege, furnished with all requisites belonging to a Florist. Lond. 1665. fol. with cuts.:
1666. Beale, Dr. John, an ingenious English divine and philosopher, was born in Herefordshire, 1603, died 1683.
1. Experiments and Observations on Vegetation and the Running of the Sap,&c.(Phil. Trans. 1669. Abr. i. p. 504.)
2. The Connection of certain Parts of the Tree with those of the Fruit.(Ib. 1669. p. 334.)
3. Remarks on the Vinetum Britannicum.
4. Agrestick Observations and Advertisements.
1666. Rose, John, gardener to Charles II. at St. James’s.
The English Vineyard vindicated, and the way of making wine in France. Lond. 12mo. 1690. 8vo. irst printed with Evelyn’s French Gardener, in 1690.
1668. Worlidge, John, gent.
1. Systema Agriculture; the Mystery of Husbandry dis- covered. By J. W.(John Worlidge) gent. Lond. 1668. fol.
2. The Art of Gardening. Lond. 1700. 8vo.
1672. Drope, Francis, B. D., a native of Cumner in Berkshire, where his father was vicar, and his brother a physician. Francis died at Oxford, and this work was published after his death by his brother, and dedicated to Lord Windham, who is stated to have a fine orchard at Brackley.
A short and sure Guide to the Practice of Raising and Ordering of Fruit Trees. Oxford, 12mo.
1675. Cotton, Charles, Esq., an English poet, born in Staffordshire in 1630; author of a number of po- litical works, memoirs, poems,&c., and editor of Walton’s Angler; died 1687.
The Planter’s Manual of Raising, Planting, and Cultivat- ing all Sorts of Fruit Trees. Lond. 8vo.
1676. Cooke, Moses, gardener to the Earl of Essex at Cashiobury. Evelyn in his Diary mentions him as a skilful artist in the mechanical part of garden- ing, not ignorant in mathematics, and with some pretensions to astrology. He afterwards became a partner with Lucre, Field, and London, in the Brompton Park Nursery.
1. The Manner of Raising, Ordering, and Improving Forest Trees. By Moses Cooke, Lond. 4to.
2. The Art of making Cider, published in Evelyn’s works.
1677. Lawrence, Anthony.
Nurseries, Orchards, Profitable Gardens, and Vineyards en- couraged. Lond. 4to.
1681. Langford, T.
1. Plain and’ full instructions to raise all Sorts of Fruit Trees that prosper in England; with Directions for making Liquors of several Sorts of Fruit. Lond. 1681. 8vo.
2. The Practical Planter of Fruit Trees. Lond. 1681. 8vo.
3. Systeme Agriculture; being the Mystery of Husbandry discovered. Lond. 1681. fol.
1682. Meager, Leonard.
1. English Gardener; or, a Sure Guide to Young Planters and Gardeners. Lond. 1685. 8vo.
2. New Art of Gardening; with the Gardener’s Almanack. Lond. 1697. 8vo.
3. The Mystery of Husbandry. Lond. 1699. 12mo.—
1683. Gilbert, Samuel, author of Fons Sanitatis; or, the Healing Spring at Willowbridge in Stafford- shire. f
1. The Florist’s Vade Mecum. Lond. 12mo.
2. The Gardener’s Almanack. By Sam. Gilbert, Phileremus. In this small book is a particular description of the Roses cultivated in the English gardens at that period, and very accurately described. é
1683. Read, John, gardener to Sir George Mac- kenzie of Rosehaugh in Aberdeenshire, one of the earliest Scotch gardening authors,
The Scots Gardener; whereunto is annexed, the Gardener’s Kalendar. Edin. 1683, 4to.
1684. Bobart, Jacob, curator of the botanic garden at Oxford.
Effects of the Great Frost on Trees and other Plants.(Pili. Trans. 1684. Abr. iii. page$9.)
1685. Temple, Sir William, a statesman of de- served eminence, and a miscellaneous writer, was born in London in 1628. He was ambassador for many years at the court of Holland, and there ac-
ON GARDENING. 1101
quired his knowledge and taste in gardening, He introduced some good sorts of grapes and other fruits, and one variety of nectarine still bears hisname; he had an excellent walled garden at Sheen in Surrey, in which his contemporary Evelyn says his trees were most exactly trained. He had another seat at Moor Park near Farnham in Surrey, where he died in 1698, and his heart, by his desire, was buried in a silver urn under a sundial in the garden. He was warmly attached to gardening and retired leisure, and declares one of the greatest pleasures in life to be“such a degree of liberty, as to be able to walk at one’s own pace; and one’s own way.”
Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, of Gardening in the year 1685.(In his works, vol.i. Miscellanea.)
1685. Anon.
The Complete Planter and Ciderist. 8vo.
1691. Gibson, J.
Ashort Account of several Gardens near London, as viewed in 1691.(Archeologia Britannica, vol. xii. p. 181.)
1699. Facio, Nicholas, of Duilhier, F.R.S., a ma- thematician, was born in Switzerland in 1664. He studied at Geneva, after which he settled at Utrecht as a tutor, but was there suspected of Spinosism. In 1687 he came to England, where he taught mathe- matics, was tutor to the Marquis of Tavistock, and had a patent for jewel-watches; but when the French prophets made their appearance, he joined them in all their extravagancies, for which he stood in the pillory in 1707. He died at Worcester in 1753. Some of his papers are in the British Museum.
Fruit Walls improved by inclining them to the Horizon; or a Way to build Walls for Fruit Trees, whereby they may re- ceive more Sunshine and Heat than ordinary. By a Member of the Royal Society. Lond. 4to. With Plates by Gribelin.
This is a very ingenious and scientific work, in which the advantages of receiving the sun’s rays at right angles are ma- thematically and optically demonstrated.
1699. London and Wise, nurserymen and garden- architects, and the most eminent in their line at the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth century. George London was appren- tice to Rose, the royal gardener, and sent by him to France to study the beauties of Versailles. On his return he was made head gardener to Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, and at the beginning of the revolution, superintendant of the royal gardens, at a salary of 2000. a-year, and page of the back- stairs to Queen Mary. Of Wise little is known, excepting that he laid out grounds; and in parti- cular Blenheim. Switzer says, London was a man of singular activity; and when on a tour of the places at which he had concern, used to ride, at an average, sixty miles a-day, which at last brought on a fever, that occasioned his decease after a fort- night’s illness, in 1717.
The Complete Gardener: or Directions for Cultivating and right Ordering of Fruit Gardens and Kitchen Gardens. With the Gardener’s Kalender, directing what is to be done every Month in the Year. By Monsieur de la Quintiney. Now compendiously abridged, and made of more use; with very considerable Improvements. By George London, and Henry Wise. To which is prefixed, an Address to the Nobility and Gentry. By J. Evelyn, Esq. Lond. 1717. 8vo.
1704. Anon.
Dictionarium Rusticum; or, a Dictionary of Husbandry, Gardening, Trade, and Commerce. 2 vols. 8vo- with Cuts.
1706. Gentil.
Solitary or Carthusian Gardener; being Dialogues between a Gentleman and Gardener. Lond. 8vo. Most probably a translation from the French.
1707. Fleetwood, William, successively Bishop of St. Asaph and Ely, and much admired as a popular preacher, was born in London in 1656, published a great number of sermons, and other works, and died in 1723.
Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry and Garden- ing. Lond. 8v
1707. Mortimer, John, author of some tracts on religious education. His works on husbandry were translated into Swedish, and published in Stockholm in 1727.
The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of managing and improving of Land.: i
1712. Addison, Joseph, was born at Milston in Wiltshire, 1672, educated at Salisbury, Litchfield, and Oxford; he addressed some verses to Dryden at the age of twenty-two; obtained a pension of 3002. a-year in 1699; travelled on the continent for three years 5 returned and assisted Steele in the Tatler and Spectator; married the Countess-Dow- ager of Warwick in 1716; became secretary of state; resigned on a pension of 1500/7. a-year, and died in 1719 at Holland House, Kensington, leaving only one daughter, who died unmarried in 1797.
1. On the Causes of the Pleasures of the Imagination, arising from the Works of Nature, and their Superiority over those of Art.(Published in the Spectator, No. 144.)
2, Description of a Garden in the Natural Styte. Ibid.
No. 477.)
A. iow
Ree ae eee re Se
ee.
1102
1/14. Lawrence, or Laurence, John, M.A., an eminent naturalist, admitted of Clare-hall, Cam- bridge, B, A., 1688; presented to the rectory of Yel- vertoft in Northamptonshire, in 1703; where in three years he improved a garden of thirty-two yards square, the soil a wet white clay, so that it pro- duced some of the choicest fruits. Ih 1721 he was presented to the rectory of Bishops Wearmouth, county 6f Durham, where he died in 1732. He is described as of a hospitable and benevolent disposi- tion, and taking great pleasure in presenting a rich dessert of fruit to his friends. He was fond of gar- dening, and considered it as a recreation particu- larly suitable for a clergyman.‘‘ The most whole- some kind of exercise, being ad ruborem, non ad sudorem; such an exercise as studious men require; less violent than the sports of the field, and more so than fishing; in fine, the happy medium.”
The Clergyman’s Recreation: shewing the Pleasure and Profit of the Art of Gardening. Lond. fol.
1715. Snow, T, author of Apopiroscopy.
Arts, Improvements: or Experiments in Building, Agri- culture, Gardening,&c. Lond. 8vo.
1715. Switzer, Stephen, a seedsman and artist-gar- dener. To be addressed* At the Flower-pot over against the Court of Common Pleas in Westminster Hall; or at his garden in Millbank, Westminster.” He is said to have been brought up under London and Wise. He appears to have been well educated fot the time in which he lived, and it is remarkable that so little is known of his history. He died in 1745.
1. Ichnographia; or the Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gar- dener’s Recreation: Directions for the General Distribution of a Country seat into rural and extensive Gardens, Parks, Pad- docks,&c. with a general System of Agriculture, illustrated with a great variety of Copperplates, from the Author’s Drawings. Lond. 1718. 3 vols. Svo.
2. The Practical Fruit Gardener. Lond. 1724. 8vo.
3. Compendious Method of raising Kitchen Vegetables. Lond. 1729. 8vo.
4. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostatics and Hydrauiics. Lond. 1729. 2 vols. 4to.
5. Dissertation on the true Cytisus of the Ancients. Lond. 1. Svo.
6. Universal System of Water and Water-works, Philoso- Jhical and Practical; with Cuts. 1730. 2 vols.4to. The Fhird Edition, made very perfect and complete, especially
that part which relates to the burning of clay.
1716. Bradley, Richard, F.R.S., a popular writer of very considerable talent and indefatigable indus- try, author of various treatises in natural history, husbandry,&c. and Professor of Botany at Cam- bridge. According to Professor Martyn,‘ he was chosen into that office November the 10th, 1724, by means of a pretended verbal recommendation from Dr. Sherard to Dr. Bentley, and pompous assurances that he would procure the university a public bo- tanic garden by his own private purse and personal interest. The vanity of his promises was soon seen, and his total ignorance of the learned languages known. In 1731 it was in agitation to turn him out of his professorship; and he died in the latter end of 1732. It may seem strange to assert, that the translator of Xenophon’s@conomicks did not un- derstand Greek; it is, however, true. Mr. Brad- ley’s being then a popular name, he was paid by the booksellers for permitting them to insert it in the title.’ He first made himself known to the public in 1713, by two papers, printed in the twenty-ninth volume of the Philosophical Transactions; one On the Motion of the Sap in Vegetables; the other, Microscopical Observations on Vegetation, and on the quick Growth of Mouldiness on Melons. From this time to his death he published two volumes in folio, four in quarto, and nearly twenty in octavo, on gardening, botany, and agriculture, besides other publications on natural history and the arts. Though Bradley’s writings do not abound in new discoveries, yet they are not destitute of in- teresting knowledge, collected from contemporary gardeners and from books. He was an advocate for the circulation of the sap, and made several new observations on the sexes of plants, in consequence of the production of hybrid species, by which he added strength to that doctrine. He wrote instruct- ively on the Berms of trees, on bulbs, on grafting, and particularly on the methods of producing varie- gated and double flowers; and, on the whole, his writings, coinciding with the growing taste for gar- dening, the introduction of exotics, and improve- ments in husbandry, contributed to excite a more philosophical view of these arts, and diffuse a gene- ral and popular knowledge of them throughout the kingdom.,
1. The History of Succulent Plants, with their Descrip- tions and Manner of Culture, in five Decads. 1716.
2. New Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical, 1717. 8vo.
STATISTICS OF GARDENING.
Part IV.
3. A new Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both ———— and Practical, explaining the‘Motion of the Sap, and seneration of Plants; with other Discoveries never before made Public; for the Improvement of Forest-Trees Flower-Gardens, or Parterres; with a New Invention, whereby more Designs of Garden Plats may be made in ane Hour, than can be found in all the books now extant. Like- wise several rare Secrets for the Improvement of Fruit Trees, Kitchen Gardens, and Green-house Plants. To which is now added, the Gentleman’s and Gardener’s Calendar. The whole illustrated with Copper Plates. 1720.
4. A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature; en- deavouring to set forth the several Gradations remarkable in the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Parts of the Creation tending to the Composition of a Scale of Life. To which is added, an Account of the State of Gardening, as it is now in Great Britain and other Parts of Europe, together with several New Experiments relating to the Improvement of Barren Ground, and the propagating of Timber-trees, Fruit- trees,&c. With many curious Cuts. 1721. 4to.
5. A Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening. 1721. 8vo.
6. The Monthly Register of New Experiments and Observ- ations in Husbandry and Gardening; made for the months of April and May 1722; wherein is explained; 1. The Method of bringing Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, to Perfection in the Winter; with an Account of a new invented wall, to forward the ripening of Fruit,&c. 2%. An Account of transplanting Forest-Trees and Fruit-Trees, of any bigness, in the Summer season; so that gentlemen may make complete Plantations in a few days, as effectually as if they had been growing for many years. Also a New Method for the Improvement of Tulips. The second edition; to which is made 3. An An- swer to some Objections lately made against the Circulation of the Sans mentioned in the Chapter of the Improvement of Tulips. 1725. Svo.
7. A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, con- taining such Observations and Experiments as are new and useful for the Improvement of Land; with an Account of such extraordinary Inventions and Natural Productions as may help the Ingenious in their Studies, and promote uni- versal learning. With variety of curious Cuts, 8vo. 1723. Dedicated to Sir Nicholas Carew, of Beddington, Surrey, Bart.,“‘ whose delightful gardens would alone be enough to draw upon him the admiration of that part of mankind who study the pleasures and tranquility of life ,” and whose“ won- derful orange-trees, first made familar to an English climate by his noble ancestors, and the agreeable structure raised for their preservation,” are honorably noticed.‘The third and last part(for August, September, and the remaining part of the second year,) is inscribed to the Earl of Burlington, “* whose palaces and gardens give an example of his distin- guishing genius;” and has in it, among many other interest- ing articles,‘‘ Observations concerning Vineyards and their Produce, with some Account of the Vineyard near Bath.” This celebrated vineyard, it is stated, contains six acres of ground; and in 1718 produced 66 hogsheads of wine, which was then worth 6602. We are told, also, that in 1722, there were still superior vines at Mr. Fairchild’s at Hoxton, and at Mr. Warner’s at Rotherhithe.
A Philosophical Treatise of Agriculture; or, a New Method of cultivating and increasing all sorts of Trees, Shrubs, and Flowers; being a very curious work, enriched with useful Secrets in Nature, for helping the Vegetation of all Sorts of Trees and-Plants; and for fertilising the most stubborn Soils. By G. A. Agricola, M.D. and Doctor of Phi- losophy at Rattisbonne. Translated from the German, with
emarks. Adorned with Cuts. The whole revised and compared with the Original; together with a Preface con- firming this new Method. 1723.
9. Family Dictionary, containing the most approved Me- thods for improving Estates and Gardens. 1726. 2 vols. fol.
10. Practical Discourses concerning the Four Elements, as they relate to the Growth of Plants. 1+ 4to.
11. Botanical Dictionary, for the Use of the Curious in Husbandry and Gardening. 1728. 2 vols- This was, it is be- lieved, the first attempt of the kind in England.
12. The Vineyard; being a Treatise showing, 1. The Nature and Method of Planting, Manuring, Cultivating, and Directing of Vines Proper Directions for Drawing, Pressing, Making, Keeping, ning, and Curing all Defects in the Wine; 5. An Easy and Familiar Method of Planting and Raising Vines to the greatest Perfection; illustrated with several useful Examples. 1728. 8vo.
15. The Gentleman and Gardener’s Kalendar, directing what is necessary to be done in every Month in the Year, in the Kitchen Garden, Fruit Garden, and Nursery; Manage- ment of Forest Trees, Green Houses, and Flower Garden, with Directions for the making and ordering Hop Grounds.
14. A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening; containing a new System of Vegetation; illustrated with many Observations and Experiments, formerly published Monthly, and now methodized and digested under proper Heads, with Additions, and Alterations; in Four Parts. 2 vols. Svo.
1716. Stevenson, the Rev. Henry, of East Retford, Nottinghamshire.
1. The Young Gardener’s Director. Lond. 12mo.
2. The Gentleman Gardener Instructed. Sth edition. Lond. 1769. 12mo.
1717. Collins, Samuel, Esq., of Archerton in North- amptonshire.
Paradise Retrieved; demonstrating the most beneficial Method of managing Fruit-Trees, with a Treatise on Melons and Cucumbers. Lond. 1717. 8vo.
1717. Evelyn, Charles, Esq., son of John Evelyn.
The Lady’s Recreation; or the Third and Last Part of the Art of Gardening improved. Lond. 1717. 8vo.
1722. Fairchild, Thomas, commercial gardener at Hoxton, where he had an excellent vineyard, and was one of the principal nurserymen and florists of his time. He first made himself known by a paper in the Royal Society’s Transactions(vol. Xxxiii. p. 127.), on the‘* different and sometimes contrary motion of the sap in plants,” and assisted in expe-
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Boox I. BRITISH WORKS ON GARDENING. 1103
riments on vegetable sexuality. He died in 1729, and left funds for a botanical.sermon, which is deli- vered annually on Whitsun Tuesday, at St. Leon- ard's Shoreditch; it was preached for many years by Dr. Colin Milne,.-by whom it was published in 1779, and has since been continued by the Rev. Mr. Ellis, of Merchant Taylors’ school, who receives three guineas out of the funds left by Fairchild for each sermon.
The City Gardener; containing the Method of Cultivating such Plants as will be Ornamental, and thrive best in the London Gardens. 1722. 8vo.
1724. Miller, Philip, F.R.S., a celebrated botanist and gardener, author of the Gardener’s Dictionary, and of several other works, was born 1692. His father, according to Professor Martyn,“‘ was gar- dener to the Company of Apothecaries, and he suc- ceeded his father in that office in 1722.” We have been informed, however, by Watts, a nurseryman at Acton, one of the few surviving gardeners who worked under him, that Miller’s father was a mar- ket-gardener, somewhere about Deptford or Green- wich, and that Miller himself was a commercial florist, and had a small garden near the situation of the present King’s Bench Prison in Surrey. He was considered an ingenious florist, and was selected by the apothecaries as their gardener, on the per- petual grant of the garden-ground by Sir Hans Sloane in 1722. It appears also from Field’s History of the Cheisea Garden(pub. 1821) that there is no evidence that Miller succeeded his father. Miller “raised himself, by his merit, from a state of obscu- rity, to a degree of eminence, rarely, if ever before equalled, in the character of agardener. He added to his knowledge of the theory and practice of gar- dening, that of the structure and characters of plants, and was practically versed in the methods of Ray, Tournefort, and Linnzus. He adopted the system of the latter in the seventh edition of his work with great reluctance; but was convinced at length by the arguments of Sir W. Watson and W. Hudson. He maintained a correspondence with the most eminent botanists on the continent; among others, with Linneus, who said his Dictionary was not merely one of gardening, but of botany. Non erat Lexicon Hortulanorum, sed Botanicorum. By other foreigners he was emphatically styled Hortu- danorum Princeps, the‘ Prince of Gardeners.’ To his superior skill the curious owe the culture and preservation of many fine plants, which would otherwise have been lost.’’ His infirmity, Professor Martyn continues,“induced him to resign his office a little time before his decease, which took place in 1771, in his eightieth year.” He was consulted by gentlemen on the subject of planting and laying out grounds, and particularly by the Dukes of Bedford, Northumberland, and Richmond. He had many pupils, among whom were the late Mr. Forsyth and W. Aiton. John Ellis, who seems to have had some pique at Miller, says, he was turned out of the garden for his obstinacy and impertinence to the apothecaries, but his salary continued. His vanity, he says, was so raised by his voluminous publica- tions, that he considered no man to know anything but himself;“though Gordon, Aiton, and Lee, have been Jong infinitely superior to him in the nicer and more delicate parts of gardening.” Ac- cording to Field’s tract, he gave in his resignation in consequence of some altercation or misunder. standing with his employers. This happened in 1769, when he removed toa house close by that part of the Chelsea churchyard where he was buried, and near which an obelisk was erected to his memory by the Horticultural Society in 1810. He was succeeded by the late W. Forsyth, F.A.S.
1. The Gardener’s and Florist’s Dictionary, or a complete System of Horticulture. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond.
This work was recommended by the most famous garden- ers and nurserymen of that time; by Thomas Fairchild at Hoxton, Robert Furber at Kensington, Robert Smith at Vauxhall, Samuel Driver at Lambeth, Moses James at Stand- gate, Obadiah Low at Battersea, Christopher Gray at Fulham, Benjamin Whitmill at Hoxton, Francis Hunt at Putney, and William Gray junior at Fulham. Weston says, these persons were united in a society for the improvement of gar- dening; that Miller acted as their secretary; and that this work was in some degree the produce of their joint efforts.
2. Seven years after this Miller published his Gardener’s Dictionary in folio. This is commonly regarded as the first edition, and is entitled‘‘ The Gardener’s Dictionary; con- taing the Methods of cultivating and improving the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Garden. As also, the Physic Garden, Wilderness, Conservatory, and Vineyard, according to the Practice of the most experienced Gardeners of the present age. Interspersed with the History of the Plants, the Cha- racters of each Genus, and the Names‘of all the particular Species, in Latin and English; and an Explanation of all the Terms used in Botany and Gardening.‘Together with
Accounts of the Nature and Use of Barometers, Thermo- meters, and Hygrometers proper for Gardeners; and of the Origin, Causes, and Nature of the Meteors, and the particu- lar Influences of Air, Earth, Fire, and Water upon Vegeta- tion, according to‘the best natural Philosophers. Adorned with Copper Plates. By Philip Miller, Gardener to the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, and F.R.S.
The seventh edition is entitled,“ The Gardener’s Dic- tionary: containing the best and newest Methods of culti- vating and improving the Kitchen, Fruit, Flower Garden, and Nursery. As also for performing the practical Parts of Agriculture; including the Management of Vineyards, with the Methods of Making and Preserving the Wine, according to the present Practice of the most skilful Vignerons in the several Wine Countries in Europe. Together with Directions for Propagating and Improving, from real Practice and Ex- perience, all Sorts of Timber Trees.
The ninth or Professor Martyn’s edition, is distinguished by the arrangement of the matter, and the completeness of the enumeration of species; all being included Beh are to be found in the fourteenth edition of Linnzeus’s Systema Vege- tabilium, with the exception of the minute tribes of mosses, algae, or seaweeds, and fungi or mushrooms; of which the generic characters are commonly given, together with such species as are used in food, or in any of the arts. In al] the former editions of the dictionary, the culture was generally mixed with the descriptions of the species, and was frequently repeated several times under the same genus, but here the scientific, popular and practical parts being kept separate, they may each be consulted with facility; and what was be fore confused, now becomes distinct and obvious.
This laborious work, Professor Martyn observes, is the re- sult of the unwearied application of what talents he possesses, and time he could spare from the duties of his profession during twenty years; no attention or industry has been want- ing on his part; and he has strained every nerve to render it as complete in its kind as the nature of so extensive an under taking will allow.
3. On a Method of Raising some Exotic Seeds.(Phil. Trans. Abr. vii. 250. 1728.
4. On the early Flowering of Tulips, and other Bulbous Plants, when placed in Bottles filled with Water.(Ib. 467.)
1726. Whitmill, Benedict.
The Gardener’s Universal Calendar. Lond. 8yo.
UPA TE 8
Fruits. 8vo 1728. Castel, Robert, a London architect and an- tiquar
y-
The villas of the ancients, illustrated with cuts. Lond. fol.
1728. Langley, Batty, an architect of houses and gardens; born 1696, at Twickenham, where he resided; author of several architectural works.
1. Practical Geometry, applied to the Arts of Building, Surveying, Gardening, and Mensuration. Lond. 1726.
2. The Sure Method of Improving an Estate by Plantations of Oak, Elm, Ash, Birch, and other Timber Trees. Lond. 1728. 4to.
3. Pomona, or the Fruit Garden Illustrated: being the sure Method of Preserving the best Kinds of Fruit; with Direc- tions for Pruning, Nailing, Thinning,&c. With Cuts. Lond. 1729. fol.
4. New Principles of Gardening; or, the Laying out Pastures, Groves, Wildernesses, Labyrinths, Avenues, Parks,&c.
1729. Cowel, John, gardener at Hoxton,
. Account of the Olive in Blossom, Torch Thistle, and Glastonbury Thorn. Lond. Svo. j
2. Curious and Profitable Gardener, containing the newest Methods for improving Land by Grain or Seed, also a Descrip- tion of his Great Aloe, and other exotics, with his Manner of preserving them in Winter. 5vo.
1729. Triewald, Martin, Director of Mechanics, Sweden, author of some papers in the transactions of the Royal Society. An account of tulips and such bulbous plants, blowing much sooner when their bulbs are placed upon bottles filled with water, than when planted in the ground.(Phil. Trans. vol. xxxvii. 80, 81.); é
1730. A Society of Gardeners. This society con- sisted of the most eminent florists and nurserymen of the time, who state in their preface, that finding great inconvenience from the unsettled and vague nomenclature of plants which then existed, they re- solved to undertake this work for the public benefit They published only one part, dedicated to Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, and a preface enumerating the most eminent encouragers of gar- dening of the time. Weston and Martin conjecture that this work gave rise to the folio edition of Millers’ Dictionary, which appeared in 1731(the 8vo. in 1724.), Miller being secretary to the society.
1730. The Gardener’s Catalogue.— Catalogus Arborum Fru- ticumque tum Exoticarum tum Domesticarum,&c. or, The Gardener’s Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs, both Exotic and Domestick, which are hardy enough to endure the Cold of our Climate in the open Air, ranged in an Alphabetical Order, according to their most approved Latin Names; with an Index of the English Names referring to the Latin. To which is added the Characters of each Genus in English, and a short ‘Account of the different Growths of each Tree or Shrub, illus- trated with 21 Copper Plates, in which there are above 50 beau-~ tiful Plants which were designed by the famous Mynheer Van Huvsum, and are represented in their proper Colours. Done
by a Society of Gardeners, price 1/. 11s. 6d. stitched, in fol.
ATS
1104 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Pivestar
1732. Anon,
1. Essay concerning the best methods of Pruning Fruit- trees, also the Method of Pruning Timber‘Trees, and also a Dis- course concerning the improvement of the Potatoe. London. 8vo.
2. The Flower Garden displayed, in above 400 represent- ations of the most beautiful Flowers, with the description and history of each plant, and the method of their culture.
1752. Furber, Robert, of Kensington, nurseryman, who published a number of separate prints of all the different kinds of fruits grown in this country. His nursery is now in the possession of Messrs. Malcolm and Co.
1. Fruits for every month in the year, in fol. 12 Plates.
2. An Introduction to Gardening, or Guide to Gentlemen and Ladies in furnishing their Gardens, being several useful Catalogues of fruits and flowers. Lond. 8vo. 1735.
1732. More, Sir Thomas.
A Flower Garden for Gentlemen and Ladies, or the Art of raising Flowers to vlow in the depth of winter, also the method of raising Salleting, Cucumbers,&c. at any time of the year.
1732. Murray, Sir Alexander, of Stanhope, author of some political works relative to Scotland.
The nature and method of Planting, Manuring, and Diet- ing a Vineyard.
1735. A Lady.
Merlin: a Poem; humbly inscribed to her Majesty. To which is added, The Royal Hermitage, a Poem. Both bya Lady, with several curious representations both of the Cave and Hermitage. 1735. 8vo.
1735. Anon.
The Rarities of Richmond: being exact Descriptions of the Hermitage, and Merlin’s Cave, in the Gardens there. 1735. 8vo. with his Life and Prophecies. 1736.
1738. Ellis, William, a tarmer at Little Gaddesdon, near Hempstead in Hertfordshire, author of Com- plete Husbandry, and other farming works.
The Timber Tree improved; or the best practical methods of improving different lands with proper timber. Lond. 8vo,
1738. Anon.
The Complete Seedsman’s Monthly Calendar, shewing the best and most easy Method for raising and cultivating every sort of Seed belonging to a Kitchen and Flower Garden: with necessary Instructions for sowing of Berries, Mast, and Seeds, of Evergreens, Forest Trees, and such as are proper for the improveing of Land. Written at the command of a Person of Honour. Lond. 8yo.
1739. Anon.
An Essay upon Harmony; as it relates chiefly to Situation and Building. 8vo. 1739.
1739. Trowel, Samuel.
A new Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening,
1740. Gray, Christopher, a nurseryman at Ful- ham; a correspondent with many of the eminent botanists of his time, and the first who received the magnolia grandiflora from America, and propa- gated it extensively.
A Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs which are prepared for sale by Christopher Gray, Nurseryman at Fulham.
1744. Anon.
Adam’s Luxury and Eve’s Cookery, or the Kitchen Garden displayed. 8vo.
2. Curious Experiments in Gardening; modes of Propaga- tion,&c. illustrated by wood cuts. 12mo. 1730.
1744. Watson, William, M.D. F.R.S. was born in London, in 1715, educated at Merchants-taylors’ school, and served his time to an apothecary. He made discoveries in electricity, for which he ob- tained the Copley medal, and was honored with the degree of doctor in physic by two German uni- versities. He died May 10. 1787. Besides papers in the Philosophical Transactions and the London Medical Observations, he wrote An Account of Experiments on inoculating for the Small-pox.
1. On the Culture of Mushrooms.
2. Account of the Remains of John Tradescant’s Botanic Garden at Lambeth.
3. Account of the Bishop of London’s Garden at Fulham.
1746. Stephenson, David, M.A. author of Ad New Mechanical Practice of Physic.
Gentleman’s Gardener’s Director of Plants, Flowers, and Trees; with a Garden Kalendar. Lond. 1746. 8vo.
1747. Anon.
The Compleat Florist, 8vo. It consists of 100 copper-plates and flowers, colored and plain.
1748. Anon.
A Dialogue upon the Gardens of Lord Viscount Cobham, at Stowe in Berks. 8vo.
1749. Dickson, James and Co., nurserymen and seedsmen, Edinburgh.
Catalogue of Hot-house, Green-house, Hardy, and Herba- ceous Plants; Flowering and Evergreen Shrubs, Fruit and Fruit Trees. Sdinb. 8vo. An enlarged edition in 1796, enumerating in alp)abetical order all the plants described in the Hortus Kewensis.
1750. Bickham, George.
The Beauties of Stowe, with cuts, 8vo.
1752. Anon.;
An Account of the Emperor of China’s Gardens at Pekin.
vo.
1753. Anon.
The Kitchen and Flower Garden complete, in four sheets.
1753. Coventry, Francis, was born in Cambridge- shire, and educated at the Magdalen-college, Cam- bridge, where he took his master’s degree in 1752, and entered into orders. He died in 1759, having
just before been presented to the donative of Edge- ware. He wrote Penshurst, a poem in Dodsley’s collection, and a poetical epistle to the honorable Wilmot Vaughan.
Strictures on the Absurd Novelties introduced in Garden-
ing, and a humourous Description of Squire Mushroom
ani peers in the World, a periodical work, No. XV
_1753. Rocque, Bartholomew, a florist of Walham Green; author of some agricultural works: a great advertiser of grasses; sowed mixtures in his grounds and sold the turf at so much per square foot to pro- pagate from; extolled the burnet and lucern, parti- cularly the former: patronised by the Duke of Cumberland. Switzer speaks of a similarly named person, probably the father, who had a vineyard planted in a common field-garden, from which he made wine for thirty years; and although the ground was flat, the wine was as good as that of Or- leans and Auxerre.
A Treatise on the Hyacinth; containing the manner of eager) ore at hee ee eben ence lately made by Dutch. sem ue Loris Sin Holland; translated from the
1754. Justice, James, Esq., F. R.S., one of the principal clerks of session, or civil court of law, in Scotland. His father was a merchant, and dealing with the Dutch, imported flower-roots, which it has been said first gave the subject of this memoir a taste for gardening. He had a villa and large gar- den at Crichton, near Dalkeith, where he finally spent his fortune, in gardening pursuits, and was obliged to dispose of the property. Here, he prac- tised gardening for thirty years: went twice to Hol- land to study the culture of bulbs, and also visited Italy; and‘satisfied the most learned societies in Britain of his practice and knowledge of the culture of the nicest flowers, and of plants, both exotic and indigenous, which adorn our British gardens. The Ananas,” he sdys(1754),“ though now in many gar- dens, were first brought to fruit in Scotland by me; I can with truth affirm, that no person in this coun- try bestowed more liberality upon improvements in gardening than I did, for the truth of which I can appeal to many of my countrymen.” He died about 1762 or 3.
1. The Scots Gardener’s Director. By James Justice. Edinb. 8vo.
2. A new edition, entitled, The British Gardener’s Director, chiefly adapted to the Climate of the Northern Counties: directing the necessary works in the Kitchen, Fruit, and Pleasure Gardens, and in the Nursery, Green-house, and Stove. By James Justice, F-R.S., one of the principal Clerks of Session. Edinburgh, 1764. 8vo.—The Advertisement, dated September 1765, sets forth, that the first impression being sold off, the author set about correcting mistakes, and making additions; but that his death deprived the world of his after- labors, which the memorandums and notes left behind him gave room to think he intended to have laid before the pub- lic.— This is an original and truly valuable work, founded upon reflection and experience.
5. An edition in 1764, arranged as a Monthly Kalendar, and very different from any of the others.
1754. BR Ss, gentleman.
The Gardener’s Pocket Book, or Country Gentleman’s Re- creation; being the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower-Garden, dis- played in Alphabetical Order.
1755. Hill, John, M.D., a miscellaneous writer, was the son of a clergyman, and born about 1716. He served his time to an apothecary in Westminster, and in that situation studied botany, which procured him the patronage of the Duke of Richmond and Lord Petre, who employed him in their gardens. In 1746 he translated the tract of Theophrastus On Gems; which was followed by 4 General Natural History, in 3 vols. folio. He next engaged in com- piling a supplement to Chamber’s Cyclopedia; and at the same time published a periodical paper called The Inspector. Having obtained a doctor’s de- gree from St. Andrew’s, he endeavored to get elected into the Royal Society; but being disap- pointed, he attacked that learned body, first in a pamphlet, and next in a quarto volume, written with asperity and acuteness. His facility in writing was very great, and there was hardly a popular sub- ject on which he did not exercise his pen, so that in some years he is said to have realised fifteen hundred pounds. He also gained considerably by quack me- dicines, and was much encouraged by the Earl of Bute, under whose auspices he published 4 Systeme of Botany, in 26 vols. folio; for which he received the order of Vasa from the King of Sweden. He died Novy. 22. 1775. Besides the works already men- tioned he wrote some novels and farces. Hill had a dispute with Garrick, and another with Woodward the comedian; the former answered him in an epi- gram, and the latter in a pamphlet, with this motto from Shakespeare:‘¢ I do remember an apothecary culling of simples.” This alluded to a story that
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Book I. BRITISH WORKS
Hill was excluded from some nobleman’s gardens
for having carried off several valuable plants.
A short account of his life, writings, and cha- racter was published at Edinburgh in 1779, and his widow, Lady Jane Hill, published An Address to the Public, setting forth the Consequences of his Acquaintance with the Earl of Bute. 1788. 4to.
1. A Method of raising Trees from the Leaves. By John Hill, M.D. 8vo. 1758, under the name of Thomas Barnes.
2. Eden; or a complete Body of Gardening. London. fol. Colored plates. 60.
3. Complete Body of Husbandry, with plates. fol.
4. The Gardener’s New Kalendar. By John Hill, M.D. Lond. with plates.
5. An Idea of a botanical Garden in England, 1758.
6. An Account of a Stone, which on being watered pro- duces Mushrooms. London, 1758. 8vo. Plates 2.
7. A Method of producing Double Flowers from Single, by a regular Course of Culture, illustrated with Figures. Lond. 1758. Plates 7.
8. The Origin and Production of Proliferous Flowers, with the Culture at large for raising Double from Single, and Proliferous from the Double. Lond. 1759. Svo. Plates 7.
9. The Practice of Gardening by T. Perfect, a pupil of Dr. Hill. London. 1759. 8vo.
10. Botanical Tracts. Lond. 1762. 8vo.— A title prefixed to pamphlets published at different times.
11. The Construction of Timber explained by the Micro- soope. 1770. 8vo.
1755. Hitt, Thomas, gardener to Lord Robert Manners, at Bloxholme in Lincolnshire, afterwards a nurseryman in Kent and a designer of gardens. He wrote on husbandry, and the improvement of barren lands in Aberdeenshire, of which county he seems to have been a native. He died about 1770, and his papers came into the possession of—— Mea- der, gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, who published from them the Universal Gardener.
A Treatise on Fruit Trees, Lond. 8vo. An original work, valuable for its mode of training trees.
1756. Anon.
On the Heat and Cold of Hot-houses.
1757. Chambers, Sir William; an eminent archi- tect, was born in Sweden 1726, but his ancestors were of Scottish origin. He was brought to England at the age of two years, and placed in a school at Rippon. His first entrance into public life was in the capacity of supereargo to a Swedish East India ship, in which he made one voyage to China. On his return he quitted the sea, and applied to archi- tecture, under the patronage of Lord Bute, by whose interest he was appointed drawing-master to the late king, then Prince of Wales. His first employ- ment as an architect was in building a villa for Lord Besborough, at Roehampton, after which, he was engaged to lay out the royal gardens at Kew, where he introduced the Chinese ornaments. In 1771 he was honored with the Swedish order of the Polar Star, and in 1775 appointed to conduct the building of Somerset House. He was at this time a fellow of the royal society, and a member of that of anti- quaries; besides which he held the places of archi- tect to the king, surveyor-general to the board of works, and treasurer of the royal academy. He died in 1796, aged 69.
1. Designs for Chinese Buildings, Furniture, Dresses, Ma- chines, and Utensils, engraved from the originals drawn in China; to which is annexed, A Description of their Temples, Houses, Gardens,&c. Lond. 1757. max. fol.
2. Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Perspective Views of the Gardens and Buildings at Kew in Surrey, the seat of her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. Lond. 1763. fol. 1765. fol.42s. A very splendid work.
3. Dissertations on Oriental Gardening. London, 1774. 4to. 5s.
1757. Spence, Joseph, D.D., Professor of poetry in the university of Oxford, author of an essay on Pope’s works, Crito, and other well known and esteemed works. He was the friend of Lord Wal- pole; is styled by the latter a man of judgment and taste in gardening. He was born in 1698, and died in 1768.
Some Account of the Emperor of China’s Gardens,&c. By Sir Harry Beaumont. Lond. 8vo.; pa
1757. Anon., erroneously attributed by Nichols (Lit. Anecdotes) to John Baynes, who died before the poems below were published; by some to Mason, the author of the English Garden.
1. An Heroic Epistle to Sir Wm. Chambers. 4to.
2. An Heroic Postscript. 4to. 1758.
These poems are ranked among the most spirited satires of the age.
1757. Thompson, John, a commercial gardener at Newcastle upon Tyne.
1. The distinguishing Properties of a fine Auriculas New- oastle. 8vo.
2. The Dutch Florist. Newcastle. 12mo. 1758.
1758. Hanbury, the Rev. William, rector of Church Langton, Lancashire, died 1778.
1. An Essay on Planting, and a Scheme to make it con- ducive to the glory of God, and the advantage of Society. 8vo.
2. A complete Body of Planting and Gardening, contain-
ON GARDENING. 1105
duous and Evergreen Forest-trees,&c.; the whole forming a complete History of‘Timber-trees, whether raised in Forests, Plantations, or Nurseries; as well as_a general System ot the present Practice of the Flower, Fruit, and Kitchen- Gardens. To be completed in about 140 sixpenny weekly numbers, from December 1769, in two volumes, folio.
1758. Marsham, Robert, Esq. EARS: of Stratton, in Norfolk.
1. Observations on the Growth of Trees.(Phil. Trans. Abr. xi. 320. 1758.);
2. On the Usefulness of Washing and Rubbing the Stems of Trees to promote their Annual Increase.(Ib. xiv. 1¢4. 1776.) The same.(Ib. xv. 138. 1781.)
5. Indications of Spring.(Ib. xvi. 561. 1789.)
4. On the Measures of Trees.(Ib. xviii. 100. 1797.)
1759. Barnes, Thomas, a fictitious name adopted by Sir John Hill for his first gardening publication, (See Hill, John, 1755.)
1759. North,——, a nurseryman at Lambeth, on the grounds now occupied as a nursery by John
ay.
1. Treatise on Grasses, and the Norfolk Willow.
2. Gardener’s Catalogue of Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Flowers, Seeds,&c. 8vo.
1759. Perfect, Thomas, inventor of the new Chinese parterres, a name adopted by Sir John Hill, and supposed to be that of a famous nurseryman at Pom- fret in Yorkshire. See Hiéil, John, 1755.)
1759. Stillingfleet, Benjamin, an ingenious natur- alist and miscellaneous writer, born about 1702; died 1771.
His Literary Life and select Works, by William Cox. Lond. 1811. 3 vols. Svo. They contain a Calendar of Flora, and some curious essays towards a history of husbandry.
1760. Anon.
The London Gardener. 8vo.
1760. Haddington, Earl of, a Scotch nobleman, whose residence was at Tynningham, near Dunbar, where he made considerable plantations for the time and country; he was a general encourager of im- provements; died about 1787.
A Treatise on Forest Trees. Edin. 8vo.
1760. Lee, James, of the firm of Messrs. Kennedy and Lee, nurserymen at the Vineyard, Hammer- smith, a native of Scotland; some time under Miller at Chelsea, afterwards gardener to the Duke of Ar- _gyle at Whitton, and next he commenced the nur- sery with Kennedy, then gardener to Lord Bolton at Chiswick. Lee was a correspondent of Linneus; and most of the American botanists of the time, and is mentioned by John Ellis as one of the first gardeners. His elements of botany have contri- buted, perhaps more than any other work, to spread a knowledge of the Linnzan system among garden- ers. He died in 1795, and was succeeded by his son of the same name, an ardent lover and liberal pro- moter of gardening improvements.(See 7518.)
1. Introduction to Botany; containing an Explanation of the Theory of that Science, and an_ Interpretation of its Technical Terms, extracted from the Works of Linneeus,&c.; with 12 plates. Lond. 8vo. z
2. Catalogue of Plants and Seeds, sold by Kennedy and Lee, Nurserymen at the Vineyard, Hammersmith. j
1760. Pullein, Samuel, M.A., author of different publications on the silkworm, mulberry, and cotton- plant.::=
Observations towards a Method of Preserving the Seeds Plants in a state of Vegetation, during long Voyages. Lond.
vo.
1760 to 1780. Various authors. The following works contain some pleasing and valuable obsery- ations on modern gardening, and are generally con-- sidered as having contributed to spread a taste for that style:—;
1. Warton’s Essay on the Writings and Genius of Pope. Vol. ii, from p. 236. to p. 248. and p. 262. 1762.:
9, The first article in the 2d volume of the Antiquarian Re- pertory isa pleasing description of os White Knights, the seat of Sir Henry Englefield, Bart. one of the first examples of the ferme ornee.” 1764. ia,
3. Letters concerning the present state of England. 8vo, 772. Letter 26.::
A Tour to London, by Grosley; translated by Nugent. 8vo. 1772. Vol. ii. p. 115.‘
5. Knox’s Essays. Vol. ii. 4th edit. No. 91. and No. 117.
6. Lelius and Hortensia. By Dr. Stedman. 8vo. 1782: Letters 5 and 6.: 5 ae
To these may be added from the poets: The Description ot the Grotto of Calypso, and_of the Garden of Alcinous, in Pope’s Odyssey 5 of the old Corycian’s Garden, in Dryden's Virgil; of the Garden of Armida, in Hoole’s Tasso; various passages in Milton’s Paradise Lost, Thomson’s Seasons, and »ther poems., ie ‘ Fests prose writers may be referred to: The Description of the Vale of Tempe, in Alian’s Various History; of Vaucluse and Petrarch’s Garden, from Mrs. Dobson’s Life of Petrarch; Petrarch’s Description of Sylva Piana; Smollett’s Travels through France and Italy, vol. ii. Letter 31. dated 1765 5 Gough’s British Topography, p- 138. Oxfordshire; Critical Review for October, 177-. p 312. and August, 1783; and the preface to Girardin’s Landscape. To these might be added, various papers in the Gentleman’s, Universal, and other ma- gazines, published about this time, and also to the tours and
ing the Natural History, Culture, and Management of Deci- 4
topographical works of the same date.
ai Ni ?
+a \
1106 STATISTICS OF
1760. Anon.
Adam armed; or an Essay endeavouring to prove the Ad- vantages and Improvements the Kingdom may receive, and the Inconveni and Impedi ts it may avoid and re- medy, by the Means of a well-ordered and duly rectified Charter for Incorporating and Regulating the Professors of the Art of Gardening; humbly offered and presented by the Master and Company of the same. Fol. no date; supposed about 1760.
1762. Home, Henry, commonly called Lord Kaimes, from his official legal situation; an eminent Scotch lawyer, philosopher, and critic, was born at Kaimes in Berwickshire, 1696; died 1782. He was originally bred a writer or attorney, but by assiduous application raised himself to be a judge. He farmed his own estate at Kaimes for several years; and afterwards resided at Blairdrummond in Stirlingshire, his wife’s estate, where he displayed his taste in laying out grounds. His life has been written by Lord Woodhouselee.
Essay on Gardening; in the Elements of Criticism. Lond. 3 vols. Svo. In this work he recommends a judicious use of both the ancient and modern styles.
1763. Wheeler, James, a nurseryman at Glou- cester. After his death the nursery was carried on by his two daughters, who separated some years ago, and it is now carried on by one of them.
The Botanist’s and Gardener’s New Dictionary; containing the Names, Classes, Orders, Generic Characters, and Specific Distinctions of the several Plants cultivated in England, ac- cording to the System of Linneus: to which is prefixed, an In- troduction to the Linnean Ssstem of Botany. Lond. 1765. Svo-
1764. Dodsley, Robert, an ingenious English poet, miscellaneous writer, and bookseller; was born in Nottinghamshire, 1703.
A Description of the Leasowes, the Seat of William Shen- stone, Esq., accompanied by a Plan. Lond. 12mo.
1764. Museum Rusticum, a periodical work, con- taining various papers on planting and horticulture.
Museum Rusticum et Commerciale; or select Papers on Ag- riculture, Commerce, Arts, and Manufactures. Drawn from experience, and communicated by Gentlemen engaged in these Pursuits. Revised and digested by several Members of the Society for the Encouragement’ of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce: in 6 vols. 8vo.
The Museum Rusticum was succeeded by a similar work in 1768, entitled De re rustica, completed in Bole 8vo. in 1770.
1764. Shenstone, William, Esq., a poet and coun- try gentleman, celebrated for his taste in landscape- gardening; born in Shropshire 1714, died 1763.
Unconnected Thoughts on Landscape Gardening. In his works collected after his death, in 3 vols. 8vo. Lond.
1766. Abercrombie, John, son of John Abercrombie, who had a nursery and garden in the neighborhood of Edinburgh; and was in the habit of supplying the markets of that city with vegetables.
John Abercrombie, our author, was born in 1726; and was educated at a grammar school, till he at- tained an age to be of service in his father’s busi- ness, for which he had always a predilection. After he had arrived at manhood, on some trifling family differences occuring, he left his father, and came to London; in the vicinity of which he worked for some years as a journeyman gardener. To note the particulars of most interest, he was long employed in the Royal Gardens at Kew, and at Leicester House, now Leicester Fields; and in these situ- ations he occasionally contributed to the boyish diversions of his present majesty. He lived as principal gardener with several noblemen and per- sons of high rank and respectability, and particu- larly with that eminent botanist, Doctor Munro (father of the present celebrated physician), at Sunning Hill, near Windsor: here he continued several years, and was married while in the doctor’s service, to a young woman in the family of Sir
James Douglas, where he had before lived. He afterwards had a garden and nursery at Hackney, whence he sent his goods to Spitalfields Market; and the profits of his business enabled him to sup- port his increasing family with comfort and decency. ‘At this crisis, some time about 1770, Mr. L. Davis, an eminent bookseller of London, accompanied by Dr. Oliver Goldsmith, having previously ordered a handsome entertainment at an inn in Hackney, surprised Abercrombie with an invitation to dine with them with a view to induce him, by encou- raging overtures, to compose an original work on Practical Gardening. Abercrombie consented,
with reluctance, fearful it might eall off his at-
tention too: much from his garden and nursery; and at last, only on the condition of his materials being revised, and the style improved by Dr. Gold- smith. This celebrated writer, however, did not perform his part of the undertaking: after the papers had been handed to him by the humble gardener, then an inexperienced writer, and anxious to have his luxuriances pruned, the doctor said, as an apology to the bookseller for returning the MS.
GARDENING.
Part IV.
suited to the subjects of which ittreated.’’ Abercrom- bie, however, frequently lamented, and the public possibly may do the same, that this very perspicuous and elegant writer did not fulfil his engagement. Abercrombie’s first work was entitled Every Man his own Gardener, which had a rapid sale; and, from the temporary profits being considerable, he was induced to neglect, and soon after to give up, his nursery; and to enter upon a course of au- thorship on horticultural subjects.
On first publishing Every Man his own Gar- dener, the diffidence of Abercrombie induced him to aflix to the title-page the name of Mawe, who was gardener to the Duke of Leeds. After the publication of a second edition, he accepted of an invitation from the nominal author of his book, who had been much flattered by the compliment, to visit him in Yorkshire. When introduced to Mawe, whom he had never before seen, poor Aber- crombie(as he used facetiously to narrate) encoun- tered a gentleman so bepowdered, and so bedaubed with gold lace, that he thought he could be in the presence of no less a personage than the duke him- self. However, they soon came to a right under- standing; for he continued his visit for more than a fortnight, and‘“ fared sumptuously every day.” He likewise received much information from Mawe, as the groundwork of improvements which he afterwards made in his book, Every Man his own Gardener, and in other publications. They subse- quently maintained a friendly correspondence for years.
About the year 1774, Abercrombie took a tea- garden at Hoxton, near the Shepherd and Shep- herdess; and exhibited in the grounds his practical skill in raising exotics and choice fruits: his arbors there are, to this day, spoken of as rural curiosi- ties. In different parts of the garden he was ac- customed to fix pieces of his own humble poetry.
At length he left it, on the expiration of the lease, which he was unable to get renewed. Un- fortunately, just before the lease had expired, the original proprietor of the grounds under whom Abercrombie held, and who was disposed to do him the most friendly offices, died. This gentleman was an eminent goldsmith, and an alderman of the city of London: during his illness, his relations prevented Abercrombie from visiting him, or from access to the house. On his death, Abercrombie experienced another severe disappointment, in not being noticed in the alderman’s will; although he had been led, by professions of friendship and pro- mises of assistance, to form the highest expectations from this quarter.
Previous to the year 1790, Abercrombie’s family had grown up and had settled away from home. From this period to the time of his death, he chiefly depended for support on the occasional im- provements which his several works required. From 1796 to the time of his decease, he resided at Charlton Street, Somers’ Town, except when he was visiting a friend at Cambridge, or was engaged in any professional pursuit at a considerable dis- tance from town. When out of business, he was a constant visitor, being a great walker, of the nursery-grounds and botanic gardens around the metropolis, with the object of collecting horticul- tural and botanical information. He was also oc- casionally employed in planning new gardens and ornamental grounds, as a horticultural surveyor and improver; for which he was sometimes hand- somely remunerated.
In the spring of 1806, being in his eightieth year, Abercrombie met with a severe fall, by which he broke the upper part of his thigh-bone. This accident, which happened to him on the 15th of April, terminated in his death. After lying during the interval, in a very weak exhausted state, with- out much pain, he expired in the night between
April and May as St. Paul’s clock struck twelve. He was lamented by all who knew him, as cheer- ful, harmless, and upright.
1. Every Man his own Gardener, being a New Gardener’s Calendar, with complete Lists of Forest-trees, Flowering Shrubs, Fruit-trees, Evergreens, annual, biennial, and perennial Flow- ers: Hot-house, Green-house, and Kitchen-garden Plants, with the Varieties of each Sort cultivated in the English Gardens. Lond. 12mo.
Of this very useful and popular work the editions have been numerous. From“a diffidence in the writer, it was first pub- lished as the production of Thomas Mawe, gardener to His Grace the Duke of Leeds, and other gardeners; but it was en- tirely written by Abercrombie, whose claim has since been, in some measure, asserted, by subjoining in the titlepage the name of John Abercrombie, to the more popular one of Mr,
unrevised, that‘ Abercrombie’s style was best
Mawe.” It is to be lamented, Professor Martyn observes, that
Book I
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Gardening 5 shrubs, Trees, Fruits,
13. The Hot-house the Pine Apple and Peaches, Nectat Vineries, Fr
Ker Vi67. Giles, John, ¢ isham in Kent, and fr of Messrs, Russell th seventy-second Ananas; or a1 th!
leds the nominal ay hn Abercrombie, andener, Abercrom| d being desirous of s teat Name, applies {0 him. Mawe went feeling for his situa name, This who 18 our auth 1767, Rutter, Jone and Daniel Carter. o, ‘blemarket. florists th ind Daniel Carter, eit present day, fos
Situatic
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Pan LY,
ed.” Abererom. tnd the publig 'eIyDerspicuous Cleagement, eatled Brery ul a rapid sale 5 'iReonderable, Mon ater to give Na Cours of ay.
an his oun Gor. mbie indueed him ne of Nave, who Leeds, After the he accepted of an hor of his bok, j the compliment, en introduced to seen, poor Aber. narrate) encoun. , ald 80 bedaubed he could be in the han the duke him. eto aright under. Visit for more than tuously every day,” information ftom
Mprovements which , Boery Man his oun ations,‘They subs. | correspondence for
rerombie took a tet. Shepherd and Shep proud his practic ie fruits; his arbors mn of a8 rural curios
pwn humble poetry. he expiration of the to getrenenel, Une » had expire, the ands under whom yas spose odo bm s pettleman Was an aldeman of the giles, his relations visiting him, Hom is death, Abarat jsappointment, 1 M0 al+ although he sof triendship ad p> he highest expats
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Book I. BRITISH WORKS
so respectable a performance should be accompanied by this
deceit and book-craft.
2. The Universal Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dic- tionary of Gardening and Botany, exhibiting, in Botanical Arrangement, according to the Linnzan System, every Tree, Shrub, and Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture,&c© Lond. 1778. 4to.
3. The Garden Mushroom, its Nature and Cultivation, ex- hibiting full and plain Directions for producing this desirable Plant in Perfection and Plenty. Lond. 1779. Svo.
4. The British Fruit Garden, and Art of Pruning; com- prising the most approved Methods of planting and raising every useful Fruit Tree and Fruit-bearing Shrub. Lond. 1779. 8vo.
5. The Complete Forcing Gardener, for the thorough Prac- tical Management of the Kitchen Garden, raising all early Crops in Hot-beds, and forcing early fruit,&c. Lond. 1781. 12mo.
6. The complete Wall-tree Pruner,&c. Lond. 1783. 12mo.
7. The Propagation and Botanical Arrangement of Plants and Trees, useful and ornamental. Lond. 1785. 2 vols. 12mo.
5. The Gardener’s Pocket Dictionary, or a Systematical Ar- rangement of Trees, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, agreeable to the Linnzan Method, with their Latin and English Names, their Uses, Propagation, Culture,&c, Lond, 1786. 3 vols. 12mo.
9. Daily Assistant in the Modern Practice of English Garden- ing for every Month in the Year, on an entire new plan. Lond. 1789. 12mo,
10.‘The universal Gardener’s Kalendar and System of Prac- tical Gardening, Lond. 1789. 12mo.
- The Complete Kitchen Gardener and Hot-bed Forcer, with the thorough Practical Management of Hot-houses, Fire- walls,&c. Lond. 1789. 12mo.
12. The Gardener’s Vade-mecum, or Companion of General Gardening; a Descriptive Display of the Plants, Flowers, Shrubs, Trees, Fruits, and general Culture.- Lond. 1789. 8vo.
13. The Hot-house Gardener, or the General Culture of the Pine Apple, and the Methods of forcing early Grapes, Peaches, Nectarines, and other choice Fruits in Hot-houses, Vineries, Fruit-houses, Hot-walls, with Directions for raising Melons and early Strawberries,&c. Plates. Lond. 1789, 8vo,
14. The Gardener’s Pocket Journal and Annual Register, in a Concise Monthly Display of all Practical Works of General Gardening throughout the year. Lond. 1791. 12mo.
15. A new edition of the Practical Gardener revised, with considerable additions, by Mr. James Mean, Head-gardener to Sir Abraham Hume, Bart. 12mo. 1816.
16. The Practical Gardener’s Companion, or Horticultural Calendar, containing the latest Improvements in Horticul- tural Practice. To which is annexed, on a plan never be- fore exhibited, the Garden Seed and Plant Estimate; edited from an original Manuscript of J. Abercrombie, the whole re- vised by J. Mean. Lond. 1Smo. 1816.
1766. Jones, Henry, a poetical and dramatic writer, a native of Drogheda in Ireland; died 1770,
Kew Garden, a Poem jin two cantos. Lond. 4to.
1766. Lightoler, J-, a London architect.
The Gentleman and Farmer’s Architecture, being Plans for Parsonage and Farm-houses, with Pineries, Green-houses, &c. on 25 plates, in fol.
1756. Locke, John, one of the greatest and most , distinguished philosophers this country has pro- duced; born in Somersetshire 1632; author of nu-
merous works; had a fine seat at Norbury Park in Surrey; died 1704,
Observations upon the Growth and Culture of Vines and Olives, the Production of Silk and the Preservation of Fruits. Written at the request of the Earl of Shaftesbury, to whom it is inscribed: now first printed from the original manuscript, in the possession of the present Earl of Shaftesbury. Lond. 8yo.
1767. Anon.
The Rise and Progress of the present Taste in planting Parks, Pleasure Grounds, Gardens,&c. from Henry the Eighth to King George the Third. Ina poetic Epistle to the Right Honourable Charles Lord Viscount Irvin, 4to.
Very scarce, only observed by us in Mr. Forsyth’s library.
1767. Giles, John, gardener to Lady Boyd at Lew- isham in Kent, and from 1777 foreman in the nursery of Messrs. Russell there. He died in 1797, in his seventy-second year.
Ananas; or a'l'reatise on the Pine Apple, in which the whole Culture, Management, and perfecting this most excel- lent Fruit is laid down in a clear and explicit Manner. To which is added, the True Method of raising the finest Melons with the greatest success,&c. Lond. 8vo. 1 plate.
1767. Mawe, Thomas, gardener to the Duke of Leeds, the nominal author of the first publication of John Abercrombie, entitled Every man his own Gardener. Abercrombie wrote this work in prison. and being desirous of sending it into the world under a great name, applied to Mawe, then unknown to him. Mawe went to see Abercrombie, and feeling for his situation, permitted him to use his name, This Abercrombie told to Watts of Acton, who is our authority for inserting it.
1767. Rutter, James, gardener at Wandsworth, and Daniel Carter, gardener at Battersea; respect- able market-florists, the latter is the father of Thomas and Daniel Carter, esteemed flower-cultivators at the present day.
Modern Eden; or, the Gardener’s Universal Guide; con- taining plain instructions for performing every branch of Gardening, whether relating to ornament or utility; in which are laid down the best methods for raising all the products of the kitchen and flower-garden, and the training, pruning, and entire management of Fruit-trees,&c. Lond. 1767. 8vo.
1768. Gibson, John, M. D., a native of Scotland, surgeon in the royal] navy, and author of some me- aical works.
ON GARDENING. 1107
Stocks for multiplying: Fruit-trees, with directions for laying out and managing Fruit-gardens. 8vo.
1768. Gilpin, the Rev. William, M. A., an inge- nious divine, born in Carlisle 1724, educated at Ox- ford; kept for many years a school at Cheam in Surrey, and afterwards became vicar of Boldre, in Hampshire, and prebendary of Salisbury, where he died in 1804. The whole of his tours and other works on the picturesque, well merit the study of the landscape-gardener.
1. Observations on the River Wye, and several Parts of South Wales,&c, relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, made in the Summer of 1770. Lond. 1783. 8vo.
2. Observations relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, made in tbe year 1772, on several Parts of England; particularly the Mountains and Lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland. Lond. 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Observations chiefly relative to Picturesque Beauty, made in the year 1776, in several parts of Great. Britain; perticus larly the Highlands of Scotland. Lond. 1788. 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Remarks on Forest Scenery, and other Woodland views Telative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty. Illustrated by Scenes of New Forest, in Hampshire; in 3 books. Lond. 1791. 2 vols. 8vo.
5. Three Essays: on Picturesque Beauty; on Picturesque Travel; on Sketching Landscape. To which is added; a Poem on Landscape Painting. Lond. 1792. 8vo.
+ Observations on the Western Parts of England, relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty. To which are added, a few re- marks on the Picturesque Beauties of the Isle of Wight; 18 Plates. Lond. 1798. 8vo.'
7. Observations on the coasts of Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent, relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty, made in the Summer of 1774. Lond. 1804. 8vo.
8. Observations on several parts of the Counties of Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex; also several parts of North Wales, relative chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; in two Tours, the former made in the year 1769, and the latter in 1773. Lond. 1809, Svo. f
1768. Mason, George, Esq., a classical scholar and critic; author of an Appendix to Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary, and of some other translations and phi- lological works. He lived chiefly in London, and was connected with the Sun Fire Insurance Office.
1. Essay on Design in Gardening. 8vo.
2. An Essay on Design in Gardening; first published in 1768, now greatly augmented. Also a Revisal of several Pub- lications on the same Subject. Lond. 1795. 8vo. Two Ap- pendices. 1795. 8vo.
1768. Wildman.
Treatise on the Culture of Pear-trees, to which is added a Treatise on the Management of Bees. 12mo. Dublin.
1769. Dicks, John, gardener to His Grace the Duke of Kingston at Knightsbridge.
A New Gardener’s Dictionary, or the whole Art of Garden. ing fully and accurately displayed; containing the most ap- proved Methods of cultivating all kinds of Trees, Plants, and Flowers. In 60 numbers, small folio, completed in 1771.
1769. Duncombe, John, author of some works on antiquities, but chiefly known as the inventor of the dendrometer.
A Treatise upon the Dendrometer, a new invented Instru- ment for the more certain and ready Measurement of Standing Timber by Inspection only; for facilitating the practical oper~ ation of Engineering, Land-surveying,&c. Lond. 1769. 8vo.
1769. Garton, James.:
The Practical Gardener, and Gentleman’s Directory for every Month in the Year; with proper Directions for raising Mushrooms.‘Io which is prefixed, an Essay upon Vegetation, Soil, Manure, and the nature and form of Stoves, Hot-beds, &c. With a Copperplate, exhibiting at one view the several Aspects for planting a Fruit-Garden. Lond. 1769. Jzmo,
1769. Powel, Anthony, Esq,, gardener to George IT, The Koyal Gardener; or, complete Calendar of Gardenin, for every Month in the Year, digested in regular order, an so contrived as to exhibit, in 4 clear and comprehensive man- ner, the business to be done in the Flower, Fruit, and Kitchen Garden at all Seasons. Likewise Directions, founded on ex-
perience, for Sowing, Planting, Pruning, A xensp leo une En- grafting, and every other particular necessary to be known by such as desire to aim at a perfect knowledge of this most ancient, healthy, and agreeable of all sciences. Lond. 12mo,
1769. Taylor, Adam, gardener to J. Sutton, Esq., at New Park, near Devizes, in Wiltshire._
Treatise on the Ananas, or Pine-Apple, containing plain and easy Directions for raising this most excellent fruit without fire, and in much higher perfection than from the stove.‘l'o which are added, full Directions for raising Melons. Devizes, 8vo. One Plate.
1769. Anon. F‘
Stowe: a Description of the magnificent House and Gardens, &c. Svo. Cuts., ae fi 4
1770. Ellis, John, Esq., a distinguished naturalist; a native of Ireland, celebrated for his discovery of the animal origin of corals. He wrote a variety of tracts, and numerous papers in_the Transactions of the Royal Society; and died 1771,
1. Directions to Voyagers for bringing over Plants,&c. from the East Indies, and other distant Countries, in a state of Vegetation. Lond. 1770. 4to. 4 2. Some additional Observations on the Method of preserving Seeds from foreign parts, for the benefit of the American : ies. Lond. 1773, 4to. f“.
So riteneal Account of Coffee; with an Engraving, and Botanical Description of the Tree. To which are added, man Papers relative to its culture and use as an article of diet an
Fconvenience. Lond. 1774, 4to.; ori pegristen of the Mongostan and the Bread Fruit, the first esteemed the most delicious, and the other the most useful
The Fruit-Gardener, containing the method of raising
4B
of all the Fruits in the East Indies. To which are added
29
5“=
1108 STATISTICS OF
Directions to Voyagers for bringing over them and other veget- able productions. Plates. Lond. 1775. 4to.
1770. Hunter, Alexander, M.D. F.R.S. was born at Edinburgh 1733; settled as a physician at Gains- borough, at Beverly, and finally at York; author of various agricultural and medical works, and of a cookery-book: died at York 1809.
New Edition of Evelyn’s Sylva and Terra.
1770. Ockenden,———, Esq.:
Letters describing the Lake of Iillarney and Rueness Gar- dens. Dublin. 8vo.—=
1770. Weston, Richard, Esq. an amateur gardener, who derived his information chiefly from inspecting the commercial gardens near London.
1 Tracts on Practical Agriculture and Gardening, in which the advantage of imitating the Garden Culture in the Field is fully proved by a seven years’ Course of Experiments. To which is added, a Complete Chronological Catalogue of English Authors on Agriculture, Gardening,&c. Lond. 1769.
8vo.“3
2. The Universal Botanist and Nurseryman, contaiming De- scriptions of the Species and Varieties of all the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, Natives and Exotics, at present cultivated in the European Nurseries, Greenhouses, and Stoves, as described by modern Botanists; arranged according to the Linnzan System, and their Names in English. To which are added, A copious Botanical Glossary, several useful Catalogues and Indexes. Plates. Lond. 1770: 1774. 4 vols. 3vo.
3. The Gardener and Planter’s Calendar; containing the Method of raising Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, and Quicks for Hedges; with Directions for forming and managing a Garden every Month in the Year; also, many new Improvements in the Art of Gardening. Lond. 1775. 5vo.
1770. Wheatley or Whateley, Thomas, Esq. of Non- such Park, Surrey, secretary to the Earl of Suffolk. He had a brother who fought a duel with John Temple, Esq. in 1775(Gilchris?’s Trials by Ordeal, p. 107.), and another, a clergyman. He died about 1780; and some remarks on Shakspeare were pub- lished after his death, in a thin 12mo. tract. It is remarkable, that so little is known of a writer, the beauty of whose style and the justness of whose taste are universally acknowledged. After enquiring at his publishers and other sources, we have not been able to ascertain to a certainty the mode of spelling his name.
Observations on Modern Gardening, illustrated by De- scriptions. Lond. 1771. Pp. 257. An edition, in quarto, in 1798, with Walpole’s History, inserted as notes, and an. ap- pendix, consisting of an Essay on the natural Situation of Gardens, originally published by Dodsley.
1771. Meader, James, gardener to the Duke of Northumberland at Sion House, and afterwards to, the Empress Catherine at Peterhoff, near Peters- burgh. He was a very satirical person, and wrote verses both on his friends and enemies.
1. The Modern Gardener, or Universal Kalendar; contain- ing Monthly Directions for all the Operations of Gardening, to be done either in the Kitchen, Fruit, Flower, and Pleasure Gardens, as likewise in the Green-house and Stove; with the Method of performing the different works, according to the best practice of the most eminent Gardeners. Also an Appen-
dix, giving full and ample Instructions for forcing Grapes, Vines, Peach, Nectarine Trees,&c. in anew manner: never before published; selected from the Diary Manuscripts of the late Mr. Hitt. Revised, corrected, and improved by J. M. Lond. 1771. 12mo.
2, The Planter’s Guide, or Pleasure Gardener’s Companion; giving plain Directions, with Observations for the proper Dis- position and Management of the various Trees and Shrubs for a Pleasure Garden Plantation. To which is added, a list of Hardy Trees and Shrubs for ornamenting such Gardens. Em- bellished with Copper-plates- Lond. 1779. oblong 4to.
1772. Boutcher, William, a nurseryman at Comely Garden, near Edinburgh.
Treatise on Forest Trees; containing not only the best Methods of their Culture hitherto practised, but a variety of+ new and useful Discoveries, the result of many repeated Ex- periments, To which are added, Directions for the Disposi- tion, Planting, and Culture of Hedges. Lond. 1772. 4to-
1772. Mason,‘William, a divine and celebrated lyric and descriptive poet; born in Yorkshire 112555 died 1797, precentor, and canon of York.
The English Garden; a Poem in four books. Lond. 1772-82. 4to. A new edit. corrected.‘To which are added, a Com- mentary and Notes, by W. Burgh, Esq. Lond. 1789. 8vo.
1772. Pierre, Louis de St., a native of South Caro- lina, and proprietor of lands there. 2
The Art of Planting and Cultivating the Vine,&c. according to the most approved Methods in France. Lond. 12mo.
1774. Anon. Ope:;
An Essay on the different Natural Situations of Gardens. 4to. 1s. 6d. 1774.
1775. Pye, Mrs. Hampden.:
A Peep into the principal Seats and Gardens in and about Twickenham(the residence of the Muses) descri tive of their Beauties, internal and external, with a suitable Companion for those who wish to visit Windsor or Hampton-court. To which is added, a History of a little Kingdom on the Banks of the Thames, and its present Sovereign,&c. Svo. j
1776. Ellis, Thomas, gardener to the Lord Bishop of Lincoln.'
The Gardener’s Pocket Kalendar. Lond. 12mo.|
1777. Anderson, James, EDs nan agricultural writer of great versatility of genius, was born at Herdmanston, in the county of Edinburgh, 1730, on a farm which his parents had possessed for some
GARDENING. Parr IV.
generations, and which he was destined to inherit and to cultivate,_He lost his parents at an early age, but his education was not neglected; he studied chemistry under Dr. Cullen, and soon leaving his Hea near Edinburgh, took one in Aberdeenshire of [300 acres, which, after improving and cultivating for twenty years, he let, and enjoyed an annuity from it during his life. He settled after leaving Aberdeenshire in the neighborhood of Edinburgh, where he published the Bee, in weekly sixpen- ny numbers, till it extended to eighteen volumes. In 1797 he removed to Isleworth, near London, where he published Jtecreations im Agriculture, in six volumes, and his Description of a Patent Hot-house. Here he enjoyed his garden, and died of a decline in 1808, aged 69. Besides the works which bear his name, he wrote the reviews of books on rural matters for the Monthly Review for many years.
1. Miscellaneous Thoughts on planting and training Tim- ber-trees, by Agricola. Edin. 1777. 8vo.
9. Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, Arts, and miscellaneous Literature. Lond. 1799. 1802. 6 vols. 8vo.
5. A Description of a Patent Hot-house, which operates chiefly by the heat of the Sun, and other subjects; without the aid of Flues, or Tan-bark, or Steam, for the purpose of heating it,&c. Lond. 1804. 12mo.
1777. Bastard, William, Esq. of Kitley in Devon- shire.
On the Culture of Pine-Apples. An extract of a letter from William Bastard, Esq. of ISitley in Devonshire, to Samuel Musgrave, Esq. M.D. F.R.S. dated Kitley, March 15. 1779, communicated to the Society by Dr. Musgrave.
‘The writer states that he fruits his pines in pots set in pans of water, on a shelf close under the roof against the back wall; prefers a cistern over the flue in that situation; found a plant without roots grow well, and produce a fruit which weighed two pounds.
1777. Heeley, Joseph, Esq.
1. Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil, and the Lea- sowes; with Critical Remarks and Observations on the Mo- dern Taste in Gardening. Lond. 177 2 vols. 12mo.
2. Description of Hagley Park. 1777. Svo.
1777. Loddiges, Conrad, and Sons, eminent botani- cal nurserymen at Hackney, where their grounds are remarkable for orderly arrangement, and fo. the magnitude and extent of the hot-houses,
1. A Catalogue of Plants and Seeds, in English and German.
8vo.
9. The Botanical Cabinet, containing figures of new or rare Plants, with Directions for their Culture, 1817. 4to. In monthly parts.
3. A Catalogue of Plants for Sale. 12mo. 1820.
1777. Maurice, the Rev. Thomas, M.A., chaplain to the 97th regiment, author of various poems and tracts on Indian history and antiquities.
1. Hagley; a Poem.
2. Grove Hill, the seat of Dr. Lettsom, a descriptive Poem; with an Ode to Mithra, and many plates. Lond. 1799. 4to.
1777. Wilson, William, a_native of Scotland; worked some time under Miller, and was sent by him to Sir James Cockburn, Bart. at Petersham; afterwards gardener to the Earl of Glasgow, near Paisley.
‘A Treatise on the Forcing of Early Fruits, and the Man- agement of Hot-walls. Lond. 12mo.
This is a useful little treatise; he uses the heat of ferment- ing dung in his peach and vine houses, as well as the heat of flues; and directs not to ae peach-trees to be early forced till the fires have been made for a fortnight, because‘ the sap, when it begins to ascend, will spring more regular after the knife than after a dry wound.”(p. 13.)
1778. Anon.
The Practical Gardener, directing, in the most plain and easy manner, what is necessary to be done in the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Garden, the Green-house, and Wilderness. Lond. 8vo.
1778. Swinden, N——-——,_an ingenious gardener and seedsman at Brentford-End, Middlesex.
The Beauties of Flora displayed, or Gentleman and Lady’s Pocket Companion to the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Lond.
_ 8vo. 1778.
1779. Neale, Adam, gardener to John Black- bourne, Esq. near Warrington, Lancashire.
A Catalogue of the Plants in the Garden of John Black- burne, Esq. alphabetically arranged according to the Linnzean System. fina Sano!
1779. Speechly, William, gardener for many years to the Duke of Portland, at Welbeck in Notting- hamshire; afterwards a farmer; died at an ad- vanced age in 1820.
1. A Treatise on the Culture of the Pine-Apple, and the Management_of the Hot-house; together with a Description of every species of Insect that infests Hot-houses, with effec- tual Methods of destroying them. York, 1779. 8vo.
9, A Treatise on the Culture of the Vine, exhibiting new and advantageous methods of propagating, cultivating, and training that Plant, so as to render it abundantly fruitful. With new Hints on the Formation of Vineyards in England. York. 4to-
3. Practical Hints on Domestic and Rural Economy, re-
lating partly to the utility, formation, and management of
Fruit, Kitchen, and Cottage Gardens, and Orchards,&c- Lond. 8vo. 1820.‘:
1780. Walpole, Horace, afterwards Earl of Orford, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole born in 1718;
————_————= ae, wMENOS
notes Various
Remarks© Mr Mf
eminent physicial isle called little Vé ti
at Alton in Hamps
enticeship as g and while in tha e At the
More extensiye
Changed for another» lished Instructione'¢
Uctions f
sects; and in the » and in the f the Pundamenta Fy} ate of an Jr
ae lonensis, c Seventy. wa followed by the B Tubes, In 1789 h ‘itn-taled M th cf ta Obsery ations n| 10ers in' tei the transact Wich he was am
ed Ine
Flora Lon¢ laciculi. of
Paap ly,
ined to inherit MS at an early te be studied it leating his Abeteenshite of IG au eltivating oye at annuity led ait leavin 00 of Linburgh, In Weekly aen. eighteen Younes, th, neat Lindon, iS in Agriculture, pion of a Pate garden, anc ded Besides the works le reviews of books | Review for many
ig and training Tim- )
10, mse, Which operates
fot the purpase of
of Kitley in Devon.
1 Sons, eminent botani- - were their grounds amrangemelt, ad 10 iV iH)
hams, MLA, cop orf various poeus alt { antiquities
Lettsom, 4
lates.‘Lond 4 native ol Sot Miller, and was a7 n, Bart. at
H il fl
e Earl of(iasg
H Ay Me rary Frit ed
nore gpg u (p-15)
ol >(green ho*
: ma 1, garde ur) 1 at wae A ab
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atic a
Boox I. BRITISH WORKS
aman of taste and genius, author of the Castle of Utranto, several papers in the World,&c.; he sat in parliament from 1741 to 1768, when he retired, and devoted his time to the improvement of his villa, Strawberry-hill, near Twickenham. In 1791 he succeeded his nephew as Earl of Orford, but never took his seat in the House of Lords. He died in 1797.
1. On Modern Gardening, published in the Anecdotes of Painting; in a later edition of 1782 are some additional notes.
Various Remarks on Gardening occur in his correspond- ence with Mr. Montague, published in 1518, in 4to.:
1781. Darwin, Erasmus, M.D, F.R.S., an eminent physician and poet, born at Elton near Newark, in Nottinghamshire, in 1731. Completed his medical studies at Edinburgh, settled at Litchfield, where he resided the greater part of his life: but went to Derby in 1781, and died there in 1802. As a poet he is esteemed rather gaudy and fanciful; as a phi- losopher, he is apt to indulge in hypothesis; but he possesses the great quality of being totally exempt trom every kind of prejudice.
Phytologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Garden- ing, with the Theory of Draining Morasses, and with an im- proved construction of the Drill Plough. Lond. 1800. 4to.
1781. Fulmer, Samuel.
The Young Gardener’s best Companion for the Kitchen and Fruit Garden. Lond. 12mo.
1781. Lettsom, John Coakley, M.D. F.R.S., an eminent physician in London, was born on a small isle called little Van Dyke, near Tortola, in 1744; died 1815.
1. Hortus Uptonensis; or a Catalogue of Stove and Green- house Plants in Dr. Fothergill’s Garden, at his death. Lond. 1781. 8ve.
2. Grovehill; a Rural and Horticultural Sketch. Lond. 1804. 4to.
3. On the Beta Cicla, or Root of Scarcity.(Caled. Hort. Mem. i. 420.)
783. Anon.
Some thoughts on Building and Planting, addressed to Sir James Lowther, Bart. published in Dodsley’s collection of poems for this year..
1783. Bryant, Charles, of Norwich.
1. Flora Dietetica, or the History of Esculent Plants, both Domestic and Foreign, in which they are accurately described and reduced to their Linnzan, generic, and specific names, with their English names annexed. Lond. 1785. 8vo.
2. A Dictionary of the Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Plants, most commonly cultivated in the Plantations, Gar- dens, and Stoves of Great Britain; arranged according to the Linnean generic names, and containing full and accurate Descriptions of the Genera and Species, with the names properly accented. Norwich, 1790. 8vo.
1783. Falconer, William, M.D, F.R.S., physician to the general hospital, Bath; author of a num- ber of medical works, and of Remarks on the influence of climate, situation, nature of country, population, nature of food, and way of life; on the disposition and temper, manner and behaviour, intellects, laws and customs, forms of government, and religion of mankind. A most interesting work,
1. An Historical View of the Taste for Gardening and Laying out Grounds among the Nations of Antiquity. 8vo. The principal parts of this tract were originally printed in the Literary and Philosophical Memoirs of the Manchester So- ciety. Svo-
2. An Essay on the Preservation of the Health of Persons employed in Agriculture; and on the Cure of Diseases inci- dent to that way of life. Lond. 1789. 8vo.
3. Miscellaneous Tracts and Collections relating to Natural History; selected from the principal writers of antiquity on that subject. Lond. 1793. 4to.
1784. Curtis, William, a botanical writer, was born at Alton in Hampshire in 1746. He served his ap- prenticeship as an apothecary to his grandfather, and while in that situation cultivated botany with eagerness. At the age of twenty he came to Lon- don, and entered into the service of Mr. Talwin of Gracechurch-street, to whose business he succeed- ed. His love of botany, however, induced him to give up the shop, and he became a lecturer and de- monstrator in his favorite science. His first garden was at Bermondsey, and afterwards he occupied a more extensive one at Lambeth, which he ex- changed for another at Brompton, In 1771, he pub- lished Instructions for Collecting and Preserving Insects; and in the following year a translation of the Fundamenta Entomologie of Linneus, with the title of an Introduction to the Knowledge of In- sects. In 1777, appeared the first number of his Flora Londonensis, which was completed in six fasciculi of seventy-two plates each. This work was followed by the Botantcal Magazine, in monthly numbers. In 1782 he published a History of the Brown-tailed Moth; besides which he wrote Prac- tical Observations on the British Grasses, and some papers in the transactions of the Linnzan Society, of which he was a member. He died in 1799, and
ON GARDENING. 1109
was buried at Battersea; after his death his lectures were published with colored plates.
1. A Catalogue of British Medical, Culinary, and Agricul- tural Plants, cultivated in the London Botanical Garden. Lond. 1784. 12mo..
Mr. C. commenced the Botanical Magazine in 1787. A work which has met with great encouragement, and has done much to diffuse a general taste for botany. It is still con- tinued by Dr. Sims.
2. Observations on Aphides, chiefly intended to show that they are the principal cause of Blights in Plants, and the sole cause of the Honey Dew.(Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 75, 1802, posth.)
1784. Rodenhurst, T.
A Description of Hawkstone in Shropshire, the seat of Sir Richard Hill, Bart. in 1799. 12mo.
1785. Anon.
Miscellanies on Ancient and Modern Gardening, and on the Scenery of Nature. Lond. 8vo.
1785. Kyle, Thomas, gardener to the Hon. Baron Stewart of Moredun, near Edinburgh. One of the first gardeners in Scotland of his time.
‘Treatise on the Management of the Peach and Nectarine Trees, either in Forcing-houses or on hot and common Walls. Edin. 8vo.
1785. Marshall, William, Esq., a native of York- shire, brought up to trade; was some years in the West Indies, asa planter; returned about 1775, and took a farm in Surrey; went down into Norfolk as agent to Sir Harbord Harbord’s estates in 1780; left this situation in 1784, and went and resided at Statfold, near the junction of the four counties of Leicester, Warwick, Stafford, and Derby, where he remained till 1786, occupied in collecting materials for his economical surveys, and in printing some of his works. From this time, till about 1808, he re- sided chiefly in Clement’s Inn, London, in winter, and visited different parts of the country during summer. He spent one summer in Perthshire, chiefly on the Earl of Bredalbane’s estates at Tay- mouth; and partly also on the Earl of Mansfield’s at Scone. He proposed arrangements for the tenant- able lands, and also the park and woody scenery on various estates; and finally retired to a considerable property he purchased in his native county, in the Vale of Cleveland, in 1808, where he died at an ad- vanced age, in 1819. He was a man of little educa- tion, but of a strong and steady mind; and pursued, in the most consistent manner, from the year 1780 to his death, the plan he originally laid down; that of collecting and condensing the agricultural prac- tices of the different counties of England, with a view to a general work on Landed Property, which he published; another on Agriculture, which he did not live to complete; and a Rural Institute, in which he was supplanted by the Board of Agri- culture.
1. Planting and Rural Ornament, 1 vol. 8vo. A second edition in 2 vols. in 1796.
2. A Review of the Landscape, a didactic poem; also an Essay on the Picturesque; together with Practical Remarks on Rural Ornament. itor. 1796.
1786. Brocq, Philip Le, M.A., chaplain to the Duke of Gloucester. About the time he published his work on the Vine, he took out a patent for “ training all sorts of fruit-trees or vines near the ground,” as suggested by Lord Bacon, and practised at the time the patent was taken out by F. X. Vis- pre, at Wimbledon, and subsequently at Chelsea. (See Speechley, Treatise on the Vine, 8vo. edition, p. 205.)
1. A Description of certain Methods of Planting, Training, and Managing all kinds of Fruit Trees, Vines,&c. Lond. Teer ofa Plan for making the Tract of Land called the New Forest, a real Forest, and for various other purposes of the first national importance. Stockdale, 1793. 8vo.
1786. Browne, Robert, gardener to Sir Harbord Harbord, Bart. at Gunton, in Norfolk.
‘A method to preserve Peach and Nectarine Trees from the Effects of the Mildew; and for the destroying the red spider in melon frames, and other insects which infest plants in stoves, and trees, shrubs,&c. in the open garden- Lond.12mo,
1786. Vispre, Francis Xavier.
A Dissertation on the Growth of Wine in England. Bath,
5YS80, Emmerich, Lieutenant-colonel A., a Ger- man gentleman, author of a tract on his own pro- fession, and deputy-surveyor of the woods and forests under Mr. Robinson.
The Culture of Forests; with an Appendix, in which the state of the Royal Forests is considered, and a system proposed for their improvement. Lond. 1789. 5vo.
1789. Greffer, John, a native of Germany, who came to England about the middle of the eighteenth century, and after being some time under Miller, was gardener to James Vere, Esq., of Kensington- Gore. Afterwards he joined Thompson, a gardener, and Gordon, a seedsman, in establishing a nursery at Mile-end, When Gordon died, the nursery became the sole property of Thompson, the present pro-
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1110 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV.
prietor; and Greeffer, soon afterwards, received from Sir Joseph Banks the appointment of gardener to the King of Naples, at Caserta. Here he laid out an English garden, and richly stocked it with exotics from the Hammersmith nursery. He was employed by Admiral Lord Nelson to look after his estate of Bronte, and by various native noblemen to lay out their grounds; he remained in his situation as gar- dener at Caserta during Murat’s reign, and died there, or was in part murdered when he fell from his gig, within a mile of his own house in 1816.
A descriptive Catalogue of upwards of 1100 species and va- rieties of Herbaceous or Perennial Plants: divided into six columns, exhibiting, at one view, the names, magnitude, height and situation, time of flowering, color of the flowers, and native country of each species. With a List of Hardy Ferns, for the decoration of Northetn Borders, and the most ornamental Annuals. Lond. 1789. 8vo.
1789. Sowerby, James, ¥.L.S. A botanical drafts. man and engraver to whom science is much indebted, He formed a rich museum of botany and miner- alogy, and published different valuable works on the Jatter subject; he died in 1822.
1. The Florist’s Delight, containing six Coloured Figures, with the Botanical Descriptions. Lond. 1791. fol.
2. Figures of English Fungi, or Mushrooms. Lond. 1797— 1803. 3 vols. fol.
5. Notice on the Effect of Watering Fruit Trees early in the Spring.(Hort. Trans. ii. 271)
1790. Brulles,—.
Hints for the Management of Hot-beds, and Directions for the Culture of early Cucumbers and Melons. To which are added, brief Instructions for Pruning Wall and Espalier Trees. Bath, 1790. 8vo.
1791. Forsyth, William, Esq. F.A.S., a native of Scotland, born at Old Meldrum in Aberdeenshire in 1787; came to England in 1763, and was some time employed under Miller at Chelsea. He was after- wards gardener at Sion House, till Miller’s removal in 1769, when he succeeded him as curator of the Chelsea garden; and at the death of the late Thomas Robinson, Esq. royal gardener at Kensington, in 1784, he was appointed to that situation. Here, finding the fruit-trees in an old worn-out state, he began a system of renovation by heading down, and renewing the soil, in which he was highly successful; and for discovering the ingredients of a composition with which he covered over the wounds, received a parliamentary reward. His works procured him the published animadyersions of Knight, M‘Phail, Pontey, and others. He died in 1804, and left a son an eminent London seedsman, and author of a bo- tanical catalogue,&c.
1. Observations on the Diseases, Defects, and Injuries in all kinds of Fruit Trees; with an Account of a particular method of Cure, invented and practised by the Author, Lond. 1791.
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8vo.
2. Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees; m which a new method of pruning and training is fully de- scribed. With plates. Lond. 1502. 4to.
1791. Linnean Society.‘
Transactions of the Linnaan Society, vol. i. 4to.: vol. xii. completed in 1820. These volumes contain some_papers con- nected with gardening; such for example as: 1. Biographical Memoirs of several Norwich Botanists, vol. vii. 2. Notes re- lating to Botany, and collected from the manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson, Esq. F. R.S. and——, vol. x. 270. 8. On the supposed Effect of lvy upon T’rees, vol. xi. 27.
1791. Salisbury, Richard Anthony, Esq. F.RS.,. a learned botanist, enthusiastically attached to that study, and to gardening. Salisbury was educated at North Bierly and the university of Edinburgh. He had a fine garden(now a public nursery) at Chapel Allerton, near Leeds, and afterwards possessed that of the late Peter Collinson, Esq., at Mill-hill, near London. He now resides in the me- tropolis, and is an active member of and contributor to the Linnzan and Horticultural Societies.
1. On the Cultivation of the Polianthes Tuberosa, or Tube- rose; with its Botanical Description and Figure.(Trans. Hortic. Soc. i. 41. 1812.):
2. Observations on the different Species of Dahlia, and the best Method of cultivating them in Great Britain.(lb. 84.)
3. A short Account of Nectarines and Peaches naturally pro- duced on the same Branch.(Ib. 103.);
4. Some Account of the Red Doyenné Pear, with a Figure. (Ib. 250.);
5. Some Account of two New Varieties of Grape.(Ib. 258.)
6. On the Cultivation of Rare Plants.(Ib. 261.)
7. On the Cultivation of the Jamrosade(Eugenia Jambos. L.) in the National Garden at Paris.(1b. Append. 11.)
8. On the Vegetation of High Mountains; translated from a Paper of M. Raymond’s.(Lb. 15.)‘
9. Description of a Bank for Alpine Plants, by Mons. Thouin, abridged.(lb. 24): i hee
10. On the Cultivation of the Monopsis Conspicus.(Ib. ii. 37.
5.)
11. Some Account of the Chiogenes Serpyllifolia, or Snow- berry, a fruit nearly allied to the Cranberry.(Ib. 94.):
12%. Some account of the Melidora Pellucida, a beautiful Evergreen Shrub from China.(Ib. 156.)
12. Deseription of Ord’s Apple.(Lb. 285. 1817.) y
1792. Maddock, James, originally from Warring- ton in Lancashire, a quaker, and commercial florist at Walworth, died about 1806.
Florist’s Directory, and complete Treatise on the Culture and Management of Flowers, with a Supplementar Essay on Soils, Manure,&c.; with plates. Lond. 1792. 8vo. 10s.
1792. Martyn, Thomas, B.D. F.R.S, son of Dr Jobn Martyn, who read botanical lectures at Cam- bridge, before he was elected professor, on Bradley’s neglecting to perform his office. He succeeded his father as Professor of Botany in 1761; is author of a Sermon, a Tour in Italy, some translations and commentaries, and varioys botanical works, Se eens and Botanist’s Dictionary of the late
hilip Miller, corrected and newly arranged, with additions Lond. 1803-1807. 4 vols. fol. ae ma
r= oe Js)
1792. Smith, Sir James Edward, M.D. ¥. B.S. E. Lass; 4 distinguished naturalist, founder and president of the Linnean Society; author and edi- tor of many botanical works, the principal of which are the Flora Britannica and Flora Greca.
J. Sketch ofa Tour on the Continent, in the years 1786 and 1787.(Containing some account of the gardens of France and Italy.) Lond. 1795. 5 vols. 8 vo.
2. Tour to Hafod, in Cardiganshire, the Seat of Thomas Johnes, Esq. Lond. 1810. super fol.
5. Directions for raising Ferns from Seed, as practised by Mr. Henry Shepherd of Liverpool.(Hort. Trans. iii. p. 538.)
1793, Steele, Richard, gardener at Thirsk in York- shire.
An Essay upon Gardening; containing a Catalogue of Exotic Plants for Stoves and Greenhouses of British Gardens; the best Method of planting the Hot-house Vine,&c-; with the History of Gardening, and a Contrast of the ancient with the modern taste. York, 1793. 4to.
This work is little more than a catalogue of trees and plants, but contains an elevation of the stove erected by R.A. Salisbury, Esq. at Chapel Allerton.
1793. Trusler, Rev. John, LL.D. a singular liter. ary character and low popular compiler, was born in London in 1735. He was brought up to physic ina very humble line; but contrived to get into orders, and for some time officiated as acurate. At length, in 1771, he began to publish abridgments of popular sermons, printed in imitation of manuscript; and next he established a bookselling business upon an extensive scale. Having thus acquired a fortune, he purchased an estate at Englefield-green, where he died in 1820.
1. The Art of Gardening. Lond. 8vo.
2. The Lady’s Gardener’s Companion. Lond. 18mo. 1816.
1794. Haworth, Adrian Hardy, Esq., F. L. and H.S., of Cottenham near Beverley, Yorkshire, a bo- tanist and horticultural amateur, author of a work on insects.
1. Observations on the Genus of Mesembryanthemum, in two parts; containing Scientific Descriptions of above 130 species, about 50 of which are new; Directions for their management, new arrangements of the Species, Reference to Authors, and a great variety of critical, philosophical, and explanatory Remarks. Lond. 1794. Svo.
2. Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, cum Descriptionibus Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus Anglicanis Culturaque. Lond. 1812. Svo.
3. A new Arrangement of the Genus Narcissus.(Trans. Linn. Soc. 1799. vol. v-)
4. Anew Arrangement of the Genus Aloe.(Ib. 1801. vol. vii.
pe 1-) 5. On the Cultivation of Crocuses, with a short account of the different Species known at present.(Trans. Hort. vol. ii. p. 122. 5
815.)
1794. Hayes, Samuel, Esq. M. R.I. A., an Irish author.
A Practical Treatise on Planting. Dublin. Svo.
1794. Knight, Richard Payne, Esq., a gentleman of great classical attainments, and of refined taste; proprietor of a fine demesne and park near Ludlow, on which he built an elegant mansion from his own designs. Atter residing there many years, he gave up the possession to his brother, the celebrated horticul- turist, and now lives chiefly in London.
The Landscape, a didactic poem. 4to. two plates. This produced a Sketch from the Landscape, a poem in 4to. gene- rally attributed to the poet Mason; and a Review, by W. Mar- shall; the latter a very virulent production.
1794. M‘Phail, James,a native of Aberdeenshire; gardener for twenty years to Lord Hawkesbury (now the Earl of Liverpool), at Addiscombe Place, near Croydon, An excellent grower of pines and melons; author of some tracts on Agriculture and the Poor Laws.
1. Treatise on the Culture of the Cucumber; shewing a new and advantageous method of Cultivating that Plant, with full Directions for the Management thereof, and the degree of Heat it requires on every Day of the Year,&c. To which are added, Hints and Observations on the Improvement of Agriculture. Lond. 1794. 8vo.
2. The Gardener’s Remembrancer throughout the Year, exhibiting the surest and most improved Methods of Manuring, Digging, Sowing,&c.; the Nature of Earth, Water, Heat, Air, and Climate, best adapted for the Culture of Plants, and Production of Fruits, Flowers, and esculent Vegetables, in the forcing way; the Causes and Symptoms of Disease and Barren- ness in Trees of every kind, with means of Prevention and Cure. To which is prefixed a View of Mr. Forsyth’s Treatise on Trees. Lond. Svo.
1794. Price, Uvedale, Esq., of Foxley, near He- reford. A gentleman and scholar of great taste;
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Boox I. BRITISH WORKS
enthusiastically fond of pictures, statues, and pic- turesque beauty in all objects and mental impres- sions; and who has greatly improved and beautified his own estate.
1. An Essay on the Picturesque, as compared with the Sub- lime and the Beautiful, and on the Use of Studying Pictures for the Purpose of improving Real Landscape. Lond. 1794. Svo.
2. A Dialogue on the Distinct Characters of the Picturesque and the Beautiful, in Answer to the Objections of Mr. Knight. Lond. 1801. 8vo.
3. Letter to H. Repton, Esq. on the Application of the Prac- tice, as well as the Principles, of Landscape Painting, to Land scape Gardening, intended as a Supplement to the Essay on the Picturesque; to which is prefixed Mr. Repton’s letter to Mr. Price. Lond. 1795. 8vo. 5
1794. Shaw, James, author of a Tour in the Ne- therlands.
Plans, Elevations, Sections, Observations, and Explanations of Forcing-houses in Gardening. Whitby. Fol.
1795. Knight, Thomas Andrew, Esq. F.R.S. LS. &c. president of the Horticultural Society. A dis- tinguished vegetable physiologist and horticulturist; brother to R. P. Knight, Esq.(See 1794.)
1. A Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and Pear, and on the Manufacture of Cyder and Perry. Lond. 1797. 12mo.
2. Some Doubts relative to the Efficacy of Mr. Forsyth’s Plaister, in renovating Trees. Lond. 1802. 4to.
3. Report of a Committee of the Horticultural Society of London. Lond. 1805. 4to.
4. Pomona Herefordiensis; or, a Descriptive Account of the old Cyder and Perry Fruits of Herefordshire. Lond. 1809. 4to
5. Observations on the Grafting of Trees.(Phil. Trans. Abr. xvii. 569. 1795.)
6. Experiments on the Fecundation of Vegetables.(Ib. xviii. 504. 1799.)
7. Account of some Experiments on the Ascent of Sap in Trees.(Ib. 533. 1801.
8. Account of some fate Experiments on the Descent of the Sap in Trees.(Ib. 277. 1803.)‘
9, Experiments and Observations on the Motion of the Sap in Trees.(Ib. 183. 1804.) i
10. Concerning the State in which the true Sap of Trees is deposited during Winter.(Ib. 88. 1805.)
11. On the Reproduction of Buds.(Ib. 257.)
1%. On the Direction of the Radicle and Germen during the Vegetation of Seeds.(Ib. 99. 1806.)
a 13. On the inverted Action of the Alburnous Vessels of Trees.
b. 292.
14. On the Formation of the Bark of Trees.(Ib. 103. 107.)
15. On the Economy of Bees.(Ib. 234.)
16. On the Inconvertibility of Bark into Alburnum.(Ib. 103. 1808.)
17. On the Origin and Office of the Alburnum of Trees.(Ib. 313.
18. On the Origin and Formation of Roots.(Ib. 169. 1809.) 19. On the comparative Influence of Male and Female Parents on their Offspring.(Ib. 392.)
20. On the Parts of Trees primarily Impaired by Age-(Ib. 178. 1810.
21. On ane Causes which influence the Direction of the Growth of Roots.(Ib. 209. 1811.)
; 29. On the Motions of the Tendrils of Plants.(Ib. 314.
812.
23. On Ice found in the Bottoms of Rivers.(Ib. 286. 1816.) Rs On the Action of detached Leaves of Plants.(Ib. 89.
23. Upon the Extent of the Expansion and Contraction of Timber in different Directions, relative tothe Position of the Medulla of the Tree.(Ib. 269. 1817.)
26. Introductory Remarks relative to the Objects which the Horticultural Society have in view.(Hort. Trans. i. 1. 1806.)
27. Observations on a Method of producing new and early Fruits.(1b. 57.) eh On raising New and Early Varieties of the Potatoe. (Ib. 57.
29. i the Advantages of Grafting Walnut, Mulberry, and Chestnut Trees. Ms 60.)
30. OnaNew Method of Training Fruit Trees.(Ib. 79.)
31. A Description of a Forcing-house for Grapes.(Ib. 99.) 5 32, On the proper Construction of Hot-bed Frames.(Ib. 42. 33. A short Account of anew Apple called the Downton Pippin.(Ib. 145.)
34. On the Management of the Onion.(Ib. 157.)
35. An improved Method of oultivating the Alpine Straw- berry.(Ib. 159.
36. On some Varieties of the Peach.(Ib. 165.)
37. Ona new Variety of Pear.(Ib. 178.)
38. On Potatoes.(Ib. 187.)
39. A new and expeditious Mode of Budding.(Ib. 194.) 30: On the best Method of Constructing a Peach-house. (Ib. 199.)
41. On the Culture of the Potatoe in Hot-beds.(Ib. 211.)
42. View of the Theory of Vegetation.(Ib. 217.)
43. A short Account of some Apples and Pears, of which Grafts were presented to the Members of the Horticultural Society.(Ib. 226.)
44. Anew Method of Grafting, with a figure of it.(Ib. 239.)
45. On the Advantages of employing Vegetable Matter as Manure in a fresh state.(Ib. 248.)
46. Onsome Early Varieties of the Potatoe.(Ib. 244.)
47. On facilitating the Emission of Roots from Layers.(Ib. £55.)
48. Some Account of Two new Varieties of Grape.(Ib. 258.)
49. Some Account of the Elton Pear, with a figure. (Ib. ii. 1.)
50. On the Transplantation of Blossom-Buds.(Ib. 7.)
51. Onan early Variety of Grapefrom Amiens.(Lb. 10.)
52. On the proper Stock for the Moor Park Apricot.(Ib. 19.)
53. On inarching leafless Branches of Peach Trees.(Ib. 35.)
54. On the Prevention of the Disease called the Curl in the Potatoe.(Ib. 64.)
55. On the Culture of the Mulberry.(Ib. 68.)
ON GARDENING, 1111
oe On the early Puberty of the Peach Tree,(Hort. Trans. ii.
70.
57. On the Culture of the Pear Tree.(Ib. 78.)
58. On the Prevention of Mildew in particular Cases.(Ib. 82).
59. On the Culture of the Shallot, and some other bulbous- rooted Plants.(Ib. 97.) an ae the Propagation of the Mulberry Tree by Cuttings.
61. On the beneficial Results of planting Potatoes, which have grown late in the preceding year.(Ib. 125.)
62. On the Application of Manure in a liquid formto Plants in Pots.(Ib. 127.)
63. On the ill Effects of excessive Heat in Forcing Houses during the Night.(Ib. 130.)
: n Account of two Varieties of Cherry, raised at Downton.(Ib. 137.
65. An Account of a new Variety of the Peach.(Ib. 140.)
66. On the Want of Permanence of Character in Varieties of Fruit, when Propagated by Grafts and Buds.(Ib. 160.)
67. On the Mode of Propagation of the Lycoperdon cancel- latum, a species of Fungus, which destroys the Leaves and Branches of the Pear Tree.(Ib. 178.)
68. On the Preservation of Fruits during Winter and Spring.(Ib. 193.) an ig ar the Effects of different kinds of Stocks in grafting.
>. 199.)
70. Some Account of three new Cherries, the Elton, Black Eagle, and Waterloo.(Ib. ii. 208.
71. An Account of three new Peaches, in a letter to Joseph Sabine, Esq.(Ib. 214.)
72. On the Culture of the Peach and Apricot, as Espalier Trees.(Ib. 219.)
73. On the Ventilation of Forcing-houses.(Ib, 224.)
74. Upon the Advantages of Propagating from the Roots ot old ungrafted Fruit Trees.(1b. 252.
oe On the Means of preserving Broccoli in Winter.(Ib. 304.
76. Observations on Mr. Brown’s Account of his Steaming Apparatus, with some Suggestions for the Improvement thereof.(lb. 324.)
77. Observations on the Verdelho Grape.(Ib. 527.)
78. Suggestions for the Improvement of Sir George Stuart Mackenzie's Plan for Forcing-houses.(Ib. 550.)
79. Upon the proper Mode of Pruning the Peach Tree in cold and late Situations.(Ib. 364.)
80. Observations on the proper Management of Fruit Trees, which are intended to be forced very early in the ensuing sea son.(Ib. 368.)
81. An Account of a Peach Tree, produced from the Seed of the Almond Tree, with some Observations on the Origin of the Peach Tree.(Ib. iii. 1.)
82. On the best Mode of Pruning and Training the Mul- berry‘'ree, when trained to a wall in acoldclimate.(Ib. 63.
83. Upon the Variations of the Red Currant(Ribes Ae when propagated by Seed.(Ib. 86.)
$4. Upon the Propagation of Varieties of the Walnut Tree, by budding.(Ib. 133.)
85. On a Method of Forcing Rhubarb in Pots.(Ib. 154.)
86, Upon the Pruning and Management of Transplanted Standard Trees.(Ib. 157.)
87. Upon the Variations of the Scarlet Strawberry(Fragaria Virginiana) when propagated by Seeds.(Ib. 207. aes Description and Account of a new early Black Cherry.
tb. 211.
89. Description of a new Seedling Plum.(Ib. 214)
90. Upon the Preservation of Fruits from Wasps.(Ib. 259.)
91, On Training the Fig Tree.(Ib. 307.)
92. On the superior Healthfulness of Scions taken from the Trunks of Apple Trees, to those cut from the Extremities of the Branches.(Ib. 387.)
93. Observations upon the most advantageous Forms ot Garden Pots.(Ib. 589.)
94. Upon the Culture of the Guernsey Lily.(Ib. 399.)
95. Upon the different Qualities of the Albumum of Spring and Winter felled‘Trees.(Phil. Trans. 1820.)
96. Upon the Means of giving Strength to the Stems of Plants growing under Glass.(Hort. Truns. iv. 1.
97. Upon the Culture of the Pine Apple without Bark, or other Hot-bed.(Lb. 72.)
98. On the most economical Method of employing Fuel in heating the Flues of Forcing-houses.(Ib. 156.)
99. Physiological Observations upon the Effects of partial Decortication, or Ringing the Stems or Bxanches of Fruit Trees.(Ib. 159.):
100. Further Particulars of the Downton Strawberry. Ib. 197.
101. De the Culture of the Fig-Tree in the Stove. (Ib. 200.
102. Onthe Cultivation of the Cockscomb.(Ib. 321.)
103. Observations on Hybrids.(Ib. 567.
104. Directions for preserving Buds of Fruit Trees in a ve- getative state, when sent to considerable distances.(Ib. 405.)
105. On the Management of Pruit Trees in Pots.(Ib. 439.)
106. An Account of an improved Method of raising early Potatoes.(Ib. 447-)
107. On Grafting the Vine.(Ib. 495.)
108. Further Observations on the Culture of the Pine Apple. Ib. v. 142.
109. Nouce of a new Variety of Ulmus Suberosa, and on grafting tender Scions.(Ib. 146.’:
110. Description of a Melon and Pine-pit.(Ib. 225.)
111. On the advantages and disadvantages of curvilinear hot-houses-(Ib. 227.) alt
112. A new and improved Method of cultivating the Melon. Ib. 238.
113. So the flat Peach of China.(Ib. 271.)
114. On the injurious influence of the plum-stock on the Moor Park Apricot.(Ib. 287.)
115. An Account of some Mule Plants.(Ib. 292.)
116. On obtaining early Crops of Peas.(Ib. 321.)
1795. Repton, Humphrey, Esq., a distinguished landscape-gardener, was bornat Bury St. Edmund’s, in Suffolk, in 1752. He accompanied Mr. Wyndham to Ireland in 1783, and for a short time held a lu- crative situation in the castle of Dublin; but when
his friend quitted that kingdom, Repton also re-
Pee ee ee Ne ee
turned to England. He now directed his attention to drawing, architecture, and particularly landscape- gardening; in which last line he obtained consider- able employment. He died in 1818, leaving several sons, one of whom married the daughter of Lord Eldon. Repton published some books on miscel- laneous subjects; but his principal works are on landscape-gardening.: 2
1. Letter to Uvedale Price, Esq. on Landscape-Gardening. 1794. 4to.
2. Sketches and Hints on Landscape-Gardening; collected from designs and observations now in the possession of the different noblemen and gentlemen for whose use they were originally made; the whole tending to establish fixed princi- ples in the art of laying out grounds: 16 colored plates. Lond. 1795. folio. x
3. Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape- Gardening, including some Remarks on Grecian and Gothic Architecture, collected from various MSS. in the possession of different noblemen and gentlemen; the whole tending to establish fixed pence in the respective arts: with many plates. Lond. 1803. 4to.:;
4. Observations on the Changes in Landscape-Gardening. 1806. Svo.::‘
5. On the Introduction of Indian Architecture and Garden- ing. 1808. folio.
6. On the supposed Effect of Ivy upon Trees.(Linn. Trans. ), vol. xi. p. 27.)
96. Anon. Generally attributed to Mason the poet, author of the English Garden.(See 1772.
A Sketch from“The Landscape,” a Poem, by R. P. Knight, Esq. Lond. 4to.
1766. Donn, James, F.L.S. H.S. curator of the botanic garden at Cambridge; died in 1817.
Hortus Cantabrigiensis; or, a Catalogue of Plants, indi- genous and foreign, cultivated in the Walkerian botanic garden, Cambridge. Camb. 8vo.
The ninth edition, edited and accented by Frederick Pursh, in 1819, and one subsequently by Lindley.
1796. Lindley, George, nurseryman at Catton, near Norwich.
1. The Plan ofan Orchard; exhibiting at one View a select quantity of Trees, sufficient for Planting an acre and a half of Land, properly arranged according to their usual size of growth, and hardiness of bearing,&c. Lond. 1796, a folio sheet.
2. An Account of some of the best Varieties of Apples pe- culiar to, or cultivated in, the county of Norfolk.(Hort. Trans. iv. 65.)
1795. Marshall, the Rev. Charles, vicar of Brixton, Northamptonshire.
Introduction to the Knowledge and Practice of Gardening; with Hints on Fish Ponds. Lond. 1796. 12mo.
1797. Astley, Francis Duckengield, Esq. of Duck- enfield Hall, near Aston, in Lancashire, member of the Manchester Agricultural Society; now resident on the continent.
1. A few Minutes’ Advice to Gentlemen of Landed Pro-
by the nurserymen andseedsmen. Chester. 12mo.
2. Hints to Planters, collected from various authors of es- teemed authority. Manchester, 1807. 8vo.
1797. Busch, Peter, father to Joseph Busch, gar- aener to the Emperor of Russia.
Method to destroy or drive away Earth Worms, and various other Insects hurtful to Fields or Gardens.(Phil. Mag-i. 169.)
1797. Bucknal, Thomas Skip Dyot, Esq.
The Orchardist, or a System of close Pruning and Medication for establishing the Science of Orcharding,&c Extracted from the xi. xil. xiii. and xiv. vols. of the Society’s Transac- tions for the Encouragement of Arts,&c. with additions. Lond. 1797. 8vo.
1797. Salisbury, William, nurseryman and botan- ist, botanic garden, Brompton; formerly of Sloane Square.
1. Hortus Paddingtonensis; or, a Catalogue of Plants culti- vated in the garden of J. Symmons, Esq. Paddington House. Lond. 1797. Svo.
2. Method of packing Plants and Trees intended for Ex- portation, so as to preserve the Vegetative Powers for many months.(Nicholson's Journal, xxx. 339. 1811.
3. The Botanist’s Companion, or an Introduction to the Knowledge of Practical Botany, and the Uses of Plants, either growing wild in Great Britain, or cultivated for the Purposes of Agriculture, Medicine, Rural Economy, or the Arts. Lond. 2 vols. 12mo. 1816.
4. Hints to the Proprietors of Orchards. 1817. 12mo.
5. The Cottager’s Companion, or a Complete System of Cottage Gardening; intended to instruct the Industrious Poor of the United Kingdom of Great britain. To which is added a descriptive List of Plants growing wild, which are useful for Culinary Purposes. Lond. 12mo. 1818.
1798. Andrews, Henry, botanical painter and en- graver in London. ~ 1. Engravings of Ericas, or Heaths, with Botanical Descrip- tions. Lond. 1796. folio.
2. The Botanist’s Repository, with colored figures of such Plants as have not appeared in any similar publication, Lond. 1797-99. 2 vols. 4to.
3. A Review of Plants hitherto figured in the Botanist’s Repository. Lond. 1801. 4to.
4. The Heathery, or Monograph of the Genus Erica.(Pub- lished in monthly numbers.) vols. i. to vi. 1804 to 1812.
1798. Archer, Clement, Esq. M.R.1.A. Miscellaneous Observations on the Effect of Oxygen on the Animal and Vegetable Systems; and an Attempt to prove
STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Part IV.
why some Plants are Evergreen and others Deciduous. Part I 8yo. Bath.:
1798. Nicol, Walter, a Scotch horticultural archi- tect, and author of merit; son of the gardener who. planned and executed the gardens and pleasure- grounds of Raith in Fifeshire. After receiving the rudiments of his horticultural education at Raith, he went to England, and soon afterwards became head gardener to the Marquis of Townshend, at Rainham Hall, in Suffolk. e afterwards returned to Scotland, and became head gardener to General Wemyss, at Wemyss Castle, in Fifeshire. About 1797 he left his situation, settled in Edinburgh, and commenced his career as horticultural architect. In the year 1810 he undertook an extensive journey through England, for the purpose of visiting the principal seats and plantations, with a view, on his return, to compose the Planter’s Calendar. This work had scarcely commenced, when he was seized with an illness which carried him off suddenly in March 1811.
1. The Scotch Forcing Gardener; together with.Instruc- tions on the Management of the Green-house, Hot-walls,&c. Illustrated with Plates. Edin. 1798. 8vo.
2. The Practical Planter; or, a Treatise on Forest Planting: comprehending the Culture and Management of Planted and Natural Timber; also the Management of Hedges, Fences, and the Construction of Stone Walls,&c. Edin. 1799. 8vo.
5. The Villa Garden Directory; or Monthly Index of Work to be done in the Town and Villa Gardens, Shrubberies, Par- terres,&c. Edin. 1809. 8vo.
4. The Gardener’s Kalendar; or Monthly Directory of Operations in every Branch of Horticulture. Edin. 1810.
5. The Planter’s Kalendar; or, the Nurseryman and Forester’s Guide in the operations of the Nursery, the Forest, and the Grove. Completed by Sang. Edin. 1812. 8vo.
1798. Rodinson, a London architect, nephew to Thomas Robinson, Esq. gardener to Geo. IIT. at Kensington.
Forms of Stoves used for Forcing-houses. Lond. oblong
4to.
1800. Hill, Daniel, M.D. F.H.S.
1. Practical Observations on the Use of Oxygen, or Vital Air, in the Cure of Diseases; to which are added a few Experi- ments on Plants. Part I. Lond. 1800. 4to.
2. On the Use of Oxygen Air, in promoting Vegetation. (Hort. Trans. i. 235. 1815.)
1800. Pontey, William, planter and forest pruner to the Duke of Bedford, and ornamental gardener; resident at Huddersfield, where his brother is a respectable nurseryman.
1. The Profitable Planter; a Treatise on the Cultivation of the Larch and Scotch Fir Timber, shewing that their excel- lent quality, especially that of the former, will render them so essentially useful, as greatly to promote the interests of the country. Huddersfield, 1800. Svo.;
2. The Forest Pruner, or Timber Owner’s As istant; being a Treatise on the Training or Management of British Timber Trees, whether intended for use, ornament, or shelter; includ- ing an explanation of the causes of their general diseases and defects, with means of prevention, and remedies, where practi- cable; also, an examination of the properties of English. Fir Timber, with remarks on the defects of the old, and the out- lines of a new system for the management of Oak Woods. With eight explanatory plates. Lond. 1805. 8vo.
3. The rural improver,&c. Huddersfield, 1823. 4to.
1802. Society of Practical Gardeners; evidently, however, a compilation by a hackney writer who knew little of the subject.
Rural Recreations, or the Gardener’s Instructor; exhibiting in a clear and perspicuous manner all the Operations necessary in the Kitchen, Flower, and Fruit Gardens,&c, for every Month in the Year; witha Treatise on the Management of Bees,&c. and Catalogues of Plants. Lond. 8vo.
1803. Loudon, John Claudius, landscape-gardener, and author of some works on agriculture; born in Lanarkshire in 1782, began to practise in 1803; to farm extensively in Oxfordshire in 1809, and in Middlesex in 1810; travelling on the continent in 1813-14-15, again in 1819, now residing at Bays- water.
1. Observations on laying out the public Squares of London. (Literary Journal, 1803.)
2. Observations on the Formation and Management of Useful and Ornamental Plantations; on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, and on gaining and em- banking Land from Rivers, or the Sea. Edin. 1804. Svo.
3. A short Treatise on some Improvements lately made in Hot-houses. Edin. 1805. 8vo.::
4. A Treatise on forming, improving, and managing Country Residences, and on the choice of Situations appro- priate to every class of Purchasers. With an Appendix, con- taining an Enquiry into the utility and merits of Mr. Repton’s Mode of showing Effects by Slides and Sketches, and Stric- tures on his Opinions and Practice in Landscape Gardening. Illustrated by Descriptions of Scenery and Buildings, by references to Country Seats, and passages of Country in most parts of Great Britain, and by 32 engravings. Lond. 1806. 2 vols, 4to.
5. Hints on the Formation ot Gardens and Pleasure-Grounds, &c. 4to. plates. 1812. We
6. Remarks on the Construction of Hot-houses; pointing out the most advantageous Forms, Materials, and Contrivances to be used in their Construction; with a Review of the various Methods of building them in foreign countries, as well as in England; with 10 plates, from etchings on stone- 1817. 4to.
7. Sketches of Curvilinear Hot-houses; with a Description
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of the various purposes in Horticultural and General Architec- ture, to which a solid iron Sash-bar, lately invented, is appli- cable, 1518.
8. A comparative View of the common and curvilinear Mode of roofing Hot-houses. Lond. folio. 1818.
9. Encyclopedia of Gardening. Lond. 8vo, 1822.
10.‘The different modes of cultivating the Pine Apple from its first introduction to Europe to the improvements of T. A. Knight, Esq. in 1823. Lond. 8vo. 1822.
1803. Moriarty, Mrs. Henrietta Maria, author of several novels.
Viridarium; or, Greenhouse Plants; containing fifty plates, drawn and colored from Nature. 1805. 8vo.
1804. Amos, William, formeriy a gardener and bailiff to a nobleman, and afterwards a farmer at Brothertoft, Lincolnshire, author of some works on the drill husbandry.
Minutes of Agriculture and Planting,&c. Lond. 1804. 4to.
1805. Banks, Sir Joseph, Bart., president of the Royal Society, was the son of William Banks, Esq. of Revesby Abbey in Lincolnshire, and born there in 1743. He received his education first at Eton, and next at Oxford, but left the university on the death of his father in 1761; and two years afterwards made a voyage to Labrador and Newfoundland. In 1768, he and Dr. Solander went with Lieutenant Cook to Otaheite; in which voyage Mr. Banks narrowly escaped perishing by the frost, on the island of Terra del Fuego. After his return he re- ceived the degree of doctor of laws at Oxford; and in 1772 undertook a voyage to Iceland and the West- ern Isles of Scotland. In 1778 he received the Order of the Bath, and was elected president of the Royal Society. In 1781 he was created a baronet; but about two years afterwards his conduct in the Royal Society gave such offence to the scientific members as had nearly produced a schism: this tempest, however, was dispersed, and the president retained his seat without any farther opposition to the end of his life. Sir Joseph, though afflicted for many years with the gout, continued his exertions for the improvement of agriculture and the exten- sion of natural history to the very last of his long and useful life. He died May 9. 1820. He has some yapers in the Philosophical Transactions, and pub-
ished besides a tract on the Rust on Wheat.
1. An Attempt* to ascertain the Time when the Potatoe (Solanum Tuberosum), was first introduced into the United Kingdom, with some Account of the Hill Wheat of India. (Hort. Trans. i. 8.)
2. Some Hints respecting the inuring Tender Plants to our Climate.(Ib. 21.
3. On the Revival of an obsolete Mode of managing Straw- berries.(Ib. 54.)
4. An Account of the Method of Cultivating the American Cranberry at Spring Grove.(Ib. 75.
5. On the Horticultural Management of the Sweet or Spanish Chestnut Tree.(Ib. 140.)
6. On the Forcing-Houses of the Romans, with a list of Fruits cultivated by them now in our Gardens.(Ib. 147.
7. On some Exotics which endure the open Air in Devonshire, in a Letter to him, by A- Hawkins.(Ib. 175.)
8. A short Account of a Colored Figure of a new Apple, called the Spring-Grove Codling.(Lb. 197.)
9. On Ripening the Second Crop of Figs that grow on the new Shoots.(Ib. 252.)
10. Some Horticultural Observations, selected from French Authors.(Ib.4. Appendix.
11. Notice from a work of Monsieur Lelieur, on the Here- ditary Diseases of Fruit-Trees.(Ib. 27. Appendix.
12. Notes relative to the first appearance of the Aphis Lani- gera, or the Apple-Tree Insects im this Country.(Ib. vol. ii. 162.
13. On the Advantanges of turning the Branches of Fruit- Trees over the Walls against which they are planted.
1805. Dickson, Mr. James, ¥.L.S. V.P.HLS., of the respectable and long established firm of Messrs. Dickson and Anderson, seedsmen_and herbalists in Covent-garden, London. James Dickson was born at Kirke House in Peebleshire, in 1738, and acquired his first knowledge of gardening in the garden of the Earl of Traquhair. He afterwards improved him- self in the Brompton nursery, then the property of Jefferey; he was head gardener in several places till 1722, when he established the well known seed and herb shop in Covent-garden. Dickson’s attention was first drawn to botany when a boy, by hearing one of his playmates enquire of another the name of a plant(Star of the Earth, Plantago Coronopus) which grew near them. Finding the boy able to answer the question he felt an impulse to obtain that kind of knowledge and superiority, and ever after- wards pursued his object with unremitting ardor. By directing his attention to a then neglected branch of botany, the mosses, he established for himself, says Sabine,“an imperishable reputation.” He was one of the earliest members both of the Linnean and Horticultural Societies.(See A Biographical Memoir, in Hort. Trans. v. App. 1.)
1. On a Variety of the Brassica Napus, or Rape, which has long been cultivated upon the Continent.(Hort. Trans. i. 26.)
2. Observations on, and an Account of, the Tubers of the
BRITISH WORKS ON GARDENING. 1113
Lathyrus tuberosus, with Instructions for the Cultivati Plant in a Garden. s(Hort. Trans. ii. 359, 1817. ae 3. On the Cultivation of the Rampion.(Ib. iii, 19. 1818.)
1805. Macdonald, Alexander, a fictitious name adopted by R. W. Dickson, M. D. formerly of Hen- don, Middlesex, author of Practical Agriculture, and other works on farming.
A complete Dictionary of Practical Gardening. 2 vols. 4to. pate The plates of flowers from paintings by the late Syden- nam Edwards.
1805. Parkyns, G. J., author of Monastic Re-
mains; and generally reputed the author of the Six Designs for laying out Grounds, 1793, published with Soane’s Designs for Villas. _ Architectural Sketches, folio, No. 1. These contain plans for laying out grounds, according to the different natural situ- ations, with descriptions: among others, a plan of Gen. Wash- ington’s grounds at Vermont.
1806. Anon.©.
1798. Bridel,—, an officer employed in the management of the national woods and waters at Orleans.
Manuel Pratique du Forestier. 12mo.
1798 Curten, architect and g: i
¢ e. ad garden-engincer at Grenoble..
- Le Guide des Cultivateurs. Grenoble. 8vo. me Coe aria et Economique sur V’état actuel des
ois et Foréts en France, suivi d’un projet d’Instituti 20- restiére. Grenoble. 8yo. 1804. wee Seaton Fo
18-. Tatin, A, of Paris,
Principes raisonnés et Pratiques de la Culture des Arbres Fruitiers, d’Agrément et Forestiers, Arbrisseaux et Arbustes dagrément, des graines, plantes potagéres et legumeneuses des prairies naturelles et artificielles. Paris. 2 vols. 8vo. 4th edit. 1811.
18-. Larochefocauld-Liancourt, a proprietor of considerable extent, who studied agriculture under Arthur Young, and travelled in North America, He has published his travels, and some other works, but is best known in France by the vastes entreprises which he made on his estates.
Notes sur le Chéne. Par. 8vo.
_ 1800, Bertholon, native of Lyons, where he died in 1799. He was professor of physical science at Montpellier, and afterwards of history at Lyons; the friend of Franklin, and author of several works on rural, political, and domestic economy.
Traité de la Taille de la Vigne: 8vo.
1800. Bornet, Charles Henry, agent to the admi- nistration of forests in the circle of Turnehem, in the department of the Pas de Calais.
_1. Code de la Conservation générale des Bois et Foréts na- tionales. 12mo.
2. De l’Agriculture des Bois d’aprés les Prinpices de la Cul- ture Végétale, 1804. 1 vol. 8vo.
180-. Charpentier de Caussigny.
Note sur les Moyens& employer pour transporter au loin, par mer, dans des Voyages de long cours, les Végétaux et les Graines exotiques. Mem. des Sociétés Frangois. tom. i. p- 481.
1800. Cointereaux, Francois, professor of rural architecture, and author of several works, particu- larly of the mode of building en pisé.
}, Traité de ancien Pisé des Romains.
2. Traité qui enseigne le nouveau Pisé, la maniére de le faire lors des pluies, des neiges et des frimas.
5. Nouveaux Murs de Terasses solides et durables, et qui dispensent de cette profusion de matériaux qu’on y emploie; ouvrage utlie a tous les Pays principalement aux architects, ingenieurs, magons,&c. Svo. 1805.
. Instruction agréable et utile pour embellir les jardins a peu de frais. 1514. 8vo.
1891. Cadet, Charles Louis.
1, Mémoire sur|’Arbre Cirier de la Louisiane et de la Pensylvanie. Paris. 8vo.
1809. Deleuxe, J. P. F. The translator of Dar- win’s Loves of the Plants; secretary to several learned institutions at Paris.
Recherches sur les Plantes d’Ornement, et sur leur Intro- duction dans nos Jardins.(Annales du Museum d’Hist. Not. tom. 8;et 9.)
1800. Dalmar, Basse N—, a native of Germany, purchased the estate of Villegeries, near Paris, and greatly improved it both as to use and beauty.
De la Utilité et de la Culture de l’Acacia-Robinier: dédié aux Cultivateurs. Paris. 8vo.
1800. Guillemeau, Jean Louis Marie, in the em- ploy of government, born at Niort in 1766.
Histoire Naturelle de la Rose. Paris. 12mo.
1800. Jolyclerc, N 4
Phytologie Universelle, ou HistoireNaturelle et Méthodique des Plantes, de leurs propriétés, de leurs vertus, et de leur culture: ouvrage consacre aux progrés des sciences utiles, de V’agriculture et de tous les arts. Paris. 5 vols. 8vo.
1800. Querber, J;
Moyens d’Encouragement pour les Plantations Artificielles, &e. Metz. 4to. 5
1801. Lemoine Léonor, founder of an academy of theoretical and practical gardening, held in Paris, Rue-d’Enfer.
1. Manuel du Pépiniériste de Paris. 12mo. 1805.
2. Cours de Culture des Arbres a Fruits, et de la Vigne des Jardins. Paris. 8vo. 1801.‘
3. Cours complet sur la taille du Pécher et autres Arbres& Fruit,&c. Paris, 12mo. 1803
1801. Lefebure, E A, assistant chemist to the
school of health at Strasbourg. Expériences sur 1a Germination des Plantes Strasbourgh.
8vo.:
1801. M. M. Chaptal, Roxier, Parmentier, et Dussieux, eminent chemists and naturalists, mem- bers of the Institute.
Traité Théorétique et. Pratique sur la Culture de la Vigne avec|’Art de faire le Vin, les Eaux de vie, Esprit de Vin Vinaigres simples et composes,&c. Paris. 2 vols. 8vo. Plates
1801. Rauch, B. A——, engineer of roads and bridges.:
Harmonie Hydro-Végétale’et Météréologique, ou Recherches sur les moyens de Recréer, avec nos foréts, la force des tem- pératures, et la regularité des saisons, par deses plantations raisonnées. Paris. 2 vols. 8vo.
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1811. Robin, C., cultivator.
Observations en faveur de l’Acacia. Paris. 8yo,
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1802. Calvel, Etienne, member of several literar and agricultural societies, and a scientific experi- menter in the latter art.
1, Traité complete sur les Pépiniéres, tant pour les Arbres fruitiers, et Forestiers que pour les Arbrisseaux. Paris. 3 vols. 8vo.
2. Notice Historique sur la.Pépiniére national des chartreux au Luxemburg. 12mo. 1804.
3. Mémoire sur l’Ajonc ou Génet épineux, considéré sous le Rapport de Fourrage, de l’Amendement des Terres Stériles, et de Supplement au Bois. Paris. Svo. 1809.
4. Du Melon et de sa Culture sous chassis, sur couche, et en pleine terre. Paris. 8vo. 1805.
5. Manuel Pratique des Plantations,&c. Paris. 12mo. 1804.
6. Des Arbres Fruitiers Pyramidaux, vulgairement nom- més Quenouilles, avec la maniére de elever, sous cette forme tous les Arbres a Fruit. Paris. 18mo. 1802.
7. Principes Pratiques sur la Plantation et la Culture des Chasselas et autres Vignes Précoves, principalement sous la latitude des environs de Paris, avec la Liste des Nouvelles Variétés, Figures,&c. Paris. Svo
1802. Castel, René Richard, professor of literature in the Prytanée Francais.
Les Plantes; Poéme. Paris. 18mo.
1802. Dumont-Courset, born at Boulogne-sur-mer in 1746, member of several societies. He retired to Courset, near Boulogne, in 1809.
Le Botaniste Cultivateur, ou Description, Culture, et Usages de Ja plus Grande Partie des Plantes étrangéres, naturalisées, et indigénes, cultivées en France et en Angleterre, rangées suivant la Methode de Jussieu. Paris. 5 vols. in 8vo.
This is generally esteemed one of the best French books on gardening.
1802, Duplessis, ¥. S.
Des Végétaux résineux, tant indigénes qu’ exotiques, avec le procédés pour extraire les résines,&c. Paris.. 8vo
1802. Hammer, F—— L——, and Dieiricht. The first, formerly professor of natural history at Calmar and Strasbourg; he is author of several articles in the Journal d’Economie Rurale. Of Dietricht nothing is known.
Mémoires sur les Arbres qui peuvent étre employés aux plantations le long des routes. 8vo.
1802. Richard,, an officer in the department of woods and forests.
[Manuel du Forestier, ou Traité élémentaire, contenant le ballivage, le martilage, les ventes et exploitations des coupes annuelles, l’estimation dicelles, leur récolement, l’ainénage- ment, le bornement, et la regeneration des foréts, suivi du Traité des Pépiniéres, leur culture, semer, et plantations, ap- puye par la pratique. Paris. 12mo,
1803. Cubieres,—— Ainé, an esteemed writer, member of the agricultural society of Versailles.
1. Mémoire sur Je Tulipier. 8vo.
2. Mémoire sur|’Erable a feuille de chéne, ou Acer Negunda. Versailles. 8vo. 1804.
1803. Francois, Nicolas, born in 1752, at Neufcha- teau, which name is generally joined with his own. He has been successively a deputy, advocate, and judge; and for some years past has occupied himself much in agriculture. He was several years presi- dent of the Paris Agricultural Society, in which are a number of his papers.
Lettre sur le Robinier, connu sous le nom impropre de Faux Acacia, avec plusieurs piéces relatives a la culture et aux usages dé cet arbre. Paris. 12mo.
1803. Lorenz, J-*
Manuel du Forestier, ou Traité complet de tout ce qui a rapport a|’Histoire Naturelle des Arbres. Strasbourg, 2 vols. 8vo.
1803. Une Société des Savans.
Bibliothéque des Propriétaires Ruraux, ou journal d’éco- nomie rural et domestique,&c. 8 vo.
A periodical work begun in 1803, and of which 74 numbers had appeared up to May 1809.
1804. Dubois, Louis, born- at Lisieux, in 1770, librarian of the department of l’?Orne, member of various societies.
1. Du Pommier, du Poirier, et du Cornier, considérés dans leur histoire, leur physiologie, et les diverses usages de leur fruits,&c. Paris. 2 vols. 12mo.
Des Melons, et des leurs Variétés, considérés dans leur hi toire, leur physiologie, Jeur culture naturelle et artificielle,&c. Paris. in 12mo.
1804. Fanon,——, author of various works on rural economy.
1. Des Arbres_a fruits, et nouvelle méthode d’affructer le pommier et le poirier, fondu sur 28 ans d’expériences conseécu. tives. Paris, 12mo.
2. Causes du Deperissement des Foréts,&c. 1806, 8vo. Supplément in 181], 8vo.
1804. Poinsot,—.
L’Ami des Jardiniers. Paris. 2 vols. Svo.
1804. Sonniné de Manoncourt, Charles Sigisbert born at Luneville, in the department of Meurthe, in 1750; formerly an officer of the marine, a learned man, who travelled in Egypt and South America, and wrote a number of esteemed works. He was one of the principal writers in the Dictionnaire d@ Histoire Naturelle.
a Culture de la Julienne comme plante utile. Paris. 8yo. 4,
4
S ON GARDEN
NG. 112]
2. Traité de|’Arachide, ou pistache de terre; contenant la description, culture, et usages de cette plante,&c. Paris. Svo. 1808.
1805. Bastien, Jean Frangois, a bookseller of Paris, who put his name as the author of several books on agriculture which he procured to be compiled. Calendrier du Jardiniér. Paris. 12mo.
2. La Nouvelle Maison Rustique,&c. Svo.
5. La Flore Jardiniere,&c. 8 1809.
1805. Jaume, Saint Hiliaire, a co-laborer with Jussieu in the Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles,
Exposition des Familles Naturelles, et de la Generation des Plantes. Paris. 4 vols. 8vo. a
1805. Leschevin, C., member of the agricultural society of the Seine.
De l’usage de la Fumée dans les Vignes, contres les gelées tardives du Printems. Paris. 8vo.
1805. Michaux, F— A——, a celebrated natural- ist, who has travelled in North America, and pub- lished an account of the trees of that country.
1. Mémoire sur la Naturalization des Arbres, Forestiers de l’Amérique, Septentrionale, dans le quel on indique ce que l’ancien Gouvernement avait fait pour arriver& cet but, et les moyens qu’il conviendra‘t d’employer pour y parvenir; suivi d’un tableau raisonné des Arbres de ce Pays, comparé avec ceux que produit la France. Paris. 8vo.
Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de Amérique Septentrionale 2 vols. 1810.
3. Histoire des Chénes de l’Amérique, ou Descriptions et Figures de toutes les espéces et variéts des Chenes cultivees dans l’Amerique Septentrionale, in fol. fig.
1805. Roard, I. L., director of the dyers of the imperial manufactory.:
Abrégé du Traité sur la Culture de la Vigne, avec l’Art de fiire le Vin, et les Eaux-de-vie. Paris. 8vo.
1806. Caylus, N—— de, formerly inspector of the royal nurseries.:
listoire du Rapprochement des Végétaux. Paris. 12mo.
1807. Cadet-de-Vaux, Antoine-Alewis, born in 1743, a patriot, incessantly engaged in the interests of humanity, has founded, or led to the foundation of several useful establishments, and among others, of public nurseries in the departments. He translated the chemistry of Spielmann.;
1. De la Restauration et du Gouvernement des Arbres a Fruits, mutilés et dégradés par la succession annuelle de l’ébourgeonnement et de la taille. Paris, 8vo. 1807.
2. Procédés de la Culture des Asperges de Hollande, Décade Philosophique. 6 Année.
1808. Cherrier, J—— B——, gardener at Wassy, in the department of Haute Marne.
Mémoire sur la Culture de la Vigne.| 8vo.=
1808. Douette-Richardot, cultivator(or yeoman) at Langres, who has planted extensively, and if not the inventor, was the first to publish in France the mode of cutting and felling trees by removing a part of the ground’s surface, and cutting over close by the roots, or what the French term cutting entre deux terres. yt
Le la Coupe des Bois entre deux Terres. Paris. 8vo.
1808. Un Amateur.;
Traité complet sur le Jardin Potager,&c. avec une Grande Planche offrant les Plans, coupe et élévation d’une serre a le- gumes. Paris. 12mo.‘
181.. Lasteryie, Ch. Ph. Comte de, an active patriot and philanthropist, author of various works on agriculture and general economy; but chiefly known by his treatises on wool, Merino sheep, and education. A:
Culture du Souchet tuberculeux.(Nccade Philosophique, 7 Année.-;
Collection des Machines employes dans 1'GZconomie Rurale. 2 vols. 4to. 1821-2. s
181.. Loisteur de Longchamps, M.D., one of the compilers of Le bon Jardinier.(See Anon. 1770, and Delaunay, 1811.)
Nouveaux Duhamel, ou Traité des Arbres, et Arbustes qu’ on cultive en France en pleine terre. Paris. fol. 71 livrai- sons, in 115.
181.. Laborde, Alexandre, Comte de.
Description des Nouveaux Jardins de la France, et de ses Anciens Chateaux. Les Desseins, par C. Bourgeois. Paris. folio.;
181... Noisette, Louis Claude, botanist and nur- seryman at Paris, one of the compéers of Le bon Jardinier.(Anon. 1770, and Delaunay, 1811.)
1. Le Jardin Forestier, contenant|’Historie, et la Culture des des Arbres Forestiers,&c. Paris. 4to. re
2. Le Jardin Fruitier. 12 livraisons. 4to. 1813._
Z. Catalogue des Arbres Fruitiers. Paris. 4to. 1521.
181-. Lair, P. d. th
1. Description des Jardins du Courset. Paris. 8vo.
2. Notice sur M. Le Berriays, auteur du Nouveau de la Quintinie. Svo.: x
1810. Kraft, J—— Charles, a German architect and designer, author of an esteemed work on car- pentry.“: E 1. Pians de plus beaux Jardins Pittoresques de France, d’An- gleterre, et d’Allemagne, et des edifices, monumens, fabriques, ete. qui concourent a leur embellissement, dans tous les genres d’architecture, tels que Chinois, Egyptien, Anglais, Arabe, Moresque,&c. Paris. imper. fol.::
2. Recueil des plus Jolies Maisons de Paris, et de ses envi, rons, comprenant les élevations intérieures, et extérieures de
chaque maison,&c.» Paris. folio.
Cc
a nr at
Ri22
1811. Delaunay, Mordaunt, one of the librarians of the Jardin des Plantes, principal editor of the tol- lowing works.(See Anon. 1811.)
- Le bon Jardinier. Paris. 12mo.
2 Figures pour l’Almanach du bon Jardinier. 12mo.
1811. Gallesio, George, sib-prefect of Savonna, near Genoa.
Traité du Citrus. Paris. 1 vol. 8vo. i
1811. Lelieur de Ville-sur-Arc, le Comte, ad- ministrator-general of the parks, nurseries, and gar- dens of the king.‘;
1. La Pomone Frangaise, ou Traité de la Culture Frangaise et de la taille des arbres fruitiers. Paris. 8vo. 8 plates.
%. Mémoire sur les Maladies des Arbres Fruitiers. Paris. 12mo. 1811.:
3. De la Culture du Rosier. Paris. 12mo. 1811.
1813. Guerin et Schwartz.
Vues et Description du Jardin des Plantes. Paris. folio.
1813. Pelleport-Saure, M——, member of the Toulouse Agricultural Society.
Traité de la Maniére de planter, d’élever et de cultiver la Vigne.‘Toulouse.| vol. Svo. 1814. Percier, Charles, et P. F. L. Fontaine, archi- tects.‘
Choix des plus célébres Maisons de Plaisance Ge Rome et de ses environs. aris. fol.
This splendid work contains, in most cases, plans of the gar- dens attached to the villas.
1815. Montpelier, A——, cultivator in the depart- ment of)’ Aude.
De la Culture des Arbres a Fruits. Castlenaudary. 8vo.
Malo, Charles.
Guirlande de Fleurs, ou Origine et Histoire des jolies Fleurs qu’on cultive en France,&c. Paris. 18mo. 16 plates.
1815. Moxard, Jean, propriétaire cultivateur at Montreuil, near Paris, a village famous for its peaches. Mozard was successor to Pepen, who was distinguished as the first cultivator of peach-trees a Montreuil, or, indeed, in France, from 1720 to 1770.
Principes Pratique sur I’Education, la culture, la taille, et J’ebourageonnement des arbres fruitiers, et principalement du Pécher, d’aprés la Méthode de Pepin et autres Cultivateurs de Montreuil: ouvrage qui a obtenu deux Médailles d’Or de la Société Royale d’Agriculture du departement de la Seine. Paris. 8vo. 4 plates.
1816. De Caumels.
Tables Synoptiques des Charactéres differentes de la Vigne. Touloux. 8vo. p. 235.
These tables are for the most part taken from Clementi’s work, which De Caumels translated from the Spanish.
1816. Du Petit Thouars, le Chevalier Aubert Aubert; director of the government garden of the minister of the interior.
1. Recueil de Rapp et de Mémoires sur la Culture des Arbres Fruitiers lue dans les séances particuliéres de la Société d’Agriculture de Paris. Paris. 8vo. plat
2. Histoire d’un Morcean de Bois, précédée d’un Essai sur la Séve, considerée comme résultat de la végétation,&c. Paris. 8vo. 1 plate.
3. Le Verger Francais, ou Traité Générale de la Culture des Arbres Fruitiers qui eroissent en pleine terre dans les environs de Paris. 1 vol. Svo.
1816. Julien, A——, author of the Manuel du Sommelier; inventor of some instruments in use for the filtration of liquids.
Topographie de tous les Vignobles connus,&c. suivie d’une classification générale des vins. Paris. 8vo.
1816. Jaunex, J—- P——, of the city of Metz, engineer, and member of the Agricultural Society of the department of Moselle.
Manual du Vigneron du Département de la Moselle. Metz 8vo.
1816. Thouin, Jean, C. M. H. S., brother to the professor, and to Gabriel Thouin; foreman of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris.
Mémoir sur|’Emploi de Machefer dans le Jardinage, 4to.
1817. Lambray, M-, hurseryman at Mandres, in the canton of Boissy-Saint-Leger, in the depart- ment of the Seine and Oise.
Exposé d’un Moyen mis en pratique pour empécher la Vigne de couler, et hater la maturité du raisin. Paris. 8vo.
This author practices ringing when the vie is in flower, which he finds has the effects to which he alludes in his title.
Sussecr. 2.
STATISTICS OF
GARDENING. Parr IV.
1817. Redouté, J- P—., painter of flowers to the Classe de Physique of the Institute and of the Museum.
Les Roses. Paris. fol. many colored plates.
_ 1818. Lalos, J——, architect des jardins Anglois in Paris.
De la composition des Parcs et Jardins pittoresques, ornée de planches par Reville. Paris. 1 vol. 8vo.
1818. Pronville, Auguste de.
Nomenclature raisonée des Espéces, Variétés, et Sous-vari- étés du genre Rosier, observées au Jardin Royal des Plantes, dans ceux de Trianon, ce la Malmaison, et dans les Pépiniéres des environs des Paris. Paris. 1 vol. Syvo.
1818. Résso, A., of Nice, and A. Poiteau, of Ver- sailles.
Histoire Naturelle des Orangers. Paris. 2 vols. fol. many co- lored plates.
1819. Bosc, Louis Auguste Guillaume, F.L.S. H.S., inspector of the government garden at the Luxem- burg; author of various articles in the Nouveau Cours@ Agriculture, and in other works.
Exposition du Plan de Travail adopté pour étudier et classer les diverses variétés des Vignes cultivées dans les Pépiniéres du Luxembourg.(Journal de Physique, tom. 66.)
1819. Redouté, J. P. painter of flowers, and C. 4. Thory, a clerk in the office of the mayor of Paris.
Les Roses. Paris, folio, many colored plates. 1 vol. com- pleted.; i‘
1819. Thouin, Gabriel, cultivator and architect of gardens, brother to Professor Thouin, of the Jardin des plantes.
Plans raisonnés de toutes les Espéces de Jardins. folio, 50 lithographic plates.
1819. Thory, Claude Antoine, clerk in the office of the mayor of Paris, member of several learned societies.
1. Rosa Candolleana, seu Descriptio nove Speciei Generis Rose, dicata, Pyr. Aug. de Candolle a Cl. Ant. Thory,&c. addito Catalogo inedito Rosarum quas Andreas Duvont m horto suo studiose colebat, anno 1813, cum Figure anea picta. Paris. 8vo. 1819
2. Rosa Redoutese, seu Descriptio nova Speciei Generis Xosa, dicata Petro Joseph Redoute, 8vo. Paris. 1817.
5. Prodromie et Monographie des Espéces et Variétés connues du Genre Rosier, divisees selon leur Ordre naturel, avec la Synonymie des noms vulgaires, un Tableau synoptique, et des Planches gravées en couleur. Paris. 1 vol. 12mo.
1819. Viart,, proprietor and creator of Jardins Pittoresques at the park of Brunehaut.
Le Jardiniste Moderne, Guide des Propriétaires qui s’oceu- pent de la Composition de leur Jardins et de l’Embellissement de leurs Campagnes. Paris. 12mo.
1820, Beaunier,, author of a treatise on bees.
Le Guide des Propriétaires et des Jardiniers pour le Choix, la Plantation, et la Culture des Arbres,&c. Paris. 1 vol. 8vo.
fig.
1820. Chesnel, Marquis de.
Histoire de la Rose chez les peuples de l’antiquité et chez les modernes; description des espéces cultivées; culture des Ro- siers; et leurs diverses propriétés alimentaires et domestiques. Toulouse. 1 vol. 870.
1820. Pierard, Charles Frances, C M. H.S.
Notes sur le Saugier ou Poirierde Sauge. Paris. 8vo.
1820. Vibert, J P—
Observations sur la Nomenclature et la Classement des Roses, suivies du Catalogue de celles cultivees par J. P. Vibert. Paris.
Paris.
Svo.
1821. Calvert and Co., nurserymen, Rouen.~
Catalogue of Roses. Rouen. 8vo.
1821. Lebret, M——, Isédore, pharmacien et pro- pri¢taire rural.;
Mémoires sur la Trappa Natans, ou la Chataigne d’eau. Rouen. 8vo.
1823, De Candolle, A. P., professor of botany in the academy of Geneva, author of Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale, now publishing; of various other botanical works, and of several articles connected with culture, in Nowveau Cours,&c.
1. Memoir on the different species ot the genus brassica, and of the genera allied toit.(Hort. Trans. v.7.
2. Catalogue des arbres fruitiers du Jardin Botanique de Geneve. Geneva. 8vo.
5. Mémoire sur la famille de cruciferes. Geneva. 4to.
Works on Gardening published in Germany, including Denmark and Switwzr-
land, exclusive of Translations.
7693. The Germans have an immense number of books on every subject, and-in the gardening department are more especially prolific on the subject of planting and forests. We have made a selection, with a view to giving an idea of the progress of gardening in Germany, and also to include the books contained in the Banksian and other public
libraries of this country.
Every English work of merit is translated into German as soon
as it appears, and the same may be said of the best works of France, and of every other
country.
Two of the most desirable books for giving an idea of the state of culture in
Germany, are Dietrich’s Wirterbuch, with the Supplement to 1820, iO vols. 8vo.; and Sickler’s Deutsche Handwirtschaft, many vols. 8vo.
849. Anon., ascribed to the learned Benedictine, Wallafrid Strabon, of tne diocese of Constance, who died in 849.
Hortulus. An elegant poem on the culture of plants and flowers.
1578. Heresbachius, Conradus, counsellor to the
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Boox I. GERMAN WORKS
Duke of Cleve; was born in 1508, died in 1576. He wrote various theological works; besides his Rez Rustice libri 1V., which was published in 1570, and his Legum rusticarum, et operarum per singulos Meases digesta, in 1595,‘The former was translated py Barnaby Gooch, of Lincolnshire, with the follow- ing title:
Foure Bookes of Husbandrie, containing the whole art and trade of Husbandrie, Gardening, Grafting, and Planting, with the antiquitie and commendation thereof. Newly Englished, and increased by Barnabe Googe, Esquire. At London. 4to. 1578. Leaves 194, besides the Dedication, Epistle and‘Table at the beginning; and Olde English rules in verse, for pur- ehasing Lande, at the end.
His authorities extend from the Bible and Doctors of the Church, through the Greek and Roman writers, Homer, Cato, &c. to the moderns as low as Ruellius, Fuchsius, Matthiolus, Cardanus, and Tragus. He subjoins a list of his friends and others, who assisted him. S. Nich. Malbee, M. Cap. Byng- ham, M. John Somer, M. Nicas, Yetzwert, M. Fitzherbert, M. Willi. Lambert, M. Tusser, M. Tho. Whetenhall, M. Ri. Deering, M. Hen. Brockhull, M. Franklin, H. King, Richard Andrewes, Henry Denys, William Pratte, John Hatche, Phil lip Partridge, Kenworth Daforth.
The work is in dialogue. The persons are, Cono, a yentle- yaan retired into the country; Rigo, a courtier; Metella, wife of Cono; and Hermes, a servant.
1597. Peschelius.
Garten Ordnung. Eisleben, 1597. folio. with wood cuts.
1620. Caus, Salomon, author of some works on perspective, hydraulics, and dialling.
1. Hortus Palatinus a Frid. Rege Boemiaw, Heidelberg extractus. Franéf. fol.
2. Les Raisons des Forces mouvantes, avec divers Desseins de Fontaines. Paris, fol. 1624.
1630. Clusius, Carolus(not the celebrated botanist of the preceding century).
Catalogi seminum, cum regulis circa eorum stationem. Printed with Herbario Horstiano, 385—414. Marburg. 8vo.
1631. Laurenberg, Peter, of Rostock, who died in 1639.
1. Horticultura et apparatus plantarum. Frankfort. 4to.
2. De Horticultura libri duo, regulis obser vationibus, expe- rimentis et figuris novis instructa,&c. Frankfort. 4to.
164-. Royer, Johann.
Unterricht wie ein feiner lust-obst-und Kiichen-garten anzulegen, allerley schéne Gewachse darein zu zeugen, zu verpflangen, zu warten. Printed with this author’s Beschrei- bung des Gartens zu Hessem. 45—96.
1647. Vredmannus, Johannes Frisius, a German architect, who published some works on his art.
De Hortorum, Viridiarumque, forme elegantes. Col. 1647.
ol.
1647. Anon.; attributed to Stengeline.
Hortorum, florum et arborum historia. Munich. 2 vols. 12mo.
1662, Jonston, Johann, born at Sambter, in Po- land, in 1603, died on his estate at Ziebendorf, in Silesia, in 1675; a learned naturalist, author of se- veral works which have been collected in six folio volumes.:
Dendrographia, sive historia naturalis de arboribus et fruc- tibus, tam nostri quam peregrini orbis, libri x. Frankfort, fol. et figuris zeneis, 1662.;
1663. Eltxholx, John Sigismond, an eminent Prus- sian botanist, was born at Frankfort on the Oder 1623, practised with great reputation as court phy- sician at Berlin, and died in 1683.
1. Flora Marchi, or a Catalogue of Plants, cultivated in the principal gardens at Brandenburg. Berlin, 8vo.
9. De Horticultura. Berlin. 4to. 1652.
3. Vom Garten-bau, oder Unterricht, von der Gartnerey auf das Clima der Chur-Marck Brandenburg, wie auch der benachbarten eutschen Linder gerichtet. Berlin. 4to. p- 395. plates, 1684. he.
1671. Hiebern, John Christian.
Horticultura.‘
1695. Packbusch, Stephanus Ludovicus, author of some medical works. he
Dissertatio de varia plantarum propagatione. Leipsic. 4to.
1696. Anon.; attributed to Tschiffeli.
Ecole des Jardiniers, ou l’on apprend a semer des arbres fruitiers, ales mettre en Pépiniére,&c. Berne. 12mo.
1697. Stisser, John Andrew.;
Botanica Curiosa, oder Anmerckgunen, wie einige fremde Krauter in seinem garten bishero cultiviret. Helmstadt. Svo. p. 244. 12 plates.: Bd;
$700. Volkamer, Johann Christoph, a physician in Nuremberg, and the director of the botanic garden there. z
1. Nurnbergische Hesperides. Nurnb. fol.
2. Hesperidum Norimbergensium sive de Malorum Citre- orum Limonum, Aurantiorumque cultura et usu, libri 4. No- rimberge. fol. é
1702. Siegelsteiner, George.
Wohlfundirte Zwergbaum Schule, oder Unterricht wie die Zwergbaume beschnitten werden- Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 8vo p- 124. plates. 2 i
1702. Anon., thought tobe F.C. Weber, who trans- lated Quintineye’s works.
Griindliche Anweisang zu eimer wohleingerichtete Baum- chule. Hamburgh. 8vo. p- 120. 1¢ plates.
170-. Schmersall, Elias Frederick.
Abhandlung von deni Baumschnitte. Hamb. Mag. 10 band, 4266.
1712. Waldtschmidt, Wilhelmus Huldericus.
Programma de industria cvi hodierni, qua propagatio plan- Flo
ON GARDENING. 1193
linguit. Kiel, 1712.
1713. Hesse, Henry.
Neue Garten-Lust. Leipsic. 4to. p. 389, plates.
1715. Anon.
Historischer und verstandiger Blumengartner, und von An- legung, Wartung und Pilegung eines Baum und kiichen- gartens. Leipsic. 4to. p. 783, 21 plates.
170-. Agricola, George Andrew, M. D., author of several agricultural works, which have been trans- lated into French and English.
1. The Artificial Gardener, translated from the German. London, 1717, 12mo.
2. Philosophical Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening,&c. trapeleted from the German, by Bradley. London. 4to. cuts,
721.‘
There is a volume on planting“ by Agricola,” of which Dr. Anderson(see Sect. 1.) is the author.
1735. Deuso, Johann Daniel, author of a natu- ralist’s kalendar, and some other works.
Von Anlegung und Vermehrung wilder Obstbdume. Printed in his Beytrage zur Naturkunde. Berlin, 7 stuk. p. 620— 627. 1752'to 1760:
1738. Krause, L. Ph., born in Berlin, where he was a hurseryman.
Kluger und sorgfaltiger Gartner. Leipsic. 8vo.
1741. Ungehauer, John Andrew.
Dissertatio de cultura plantarum. Leipsic, 4to.
1750. Lehmann, John Christian, an amateur, who lives in Leipsie.
; Vollkomner Blumen-garten in Winter. Leipsic. 4to. p. 71, plate.
1750. Grotjan, John August.
1. Physikalische Winter-belustigung mit Hyacinthen, Jon- guillen, Tazzetten,‘Tulipanen, Nelken und Leucojen. Nord-
hausen. Svo. p. 120.
2. Ergitalige Sommerbetustigung,&c. mit Garten Kalendar. Nordhausen. 2 vols. 8vo. 1759.
1750. Seligmann, J. Mich.
1. Abbildung des lieblichsten Blumen mit Beschreibung. Nuremburg, fol.
¥. Hortus Nitidissimus.(By Seligmann and Cp. Jac. Trew.) Also in German. Leipsic, folio, many plates.
1751. Riedel, J. Cp.
Vermehrtes Garten-Lexicon benebset niitzlichen Garten KKalendar. Nordhausen.$vo.
1753. Gesner, John, a canon of Zurich, and pro- fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy in that university, was born in 1709. He studied at Leyden and Basle, where he contracted an intimacy with Haller; and their epistles have been printed. He died in 1790. Gesner published two dissertations on plants, in1741, in which he announced the new system of Linnzus, of whom he says, that he was a man des- tined to reform all natural history. Besides these he was the author of eleven dissertations, published under the title of Phytographia Sacra. He also wrote on extraneous fossils; and compiled an index to Weinman’s Sees But he was grossly imposed on, as well as Taller, by the present ofa meadow crowfoot, on the branches ot which the flowers of the daisy had been so neatly fastened as to escape detection till after Gesner’s death. Of this rarity he published a description, 1n a Jearned dis- course on vegetable monsters, entitled, De Ha- nunculo Bellidifloro.‘The cheat was discovered by Sir Joseph Banks, who procured the specimen, and separated the parts by the application of steam.
1. De Ranunculo Bellidifloro, et de Plantarum generibus.
Zurich. 4to. ee Pa 3 2. Theses Physics Miscellaneee speciatim de Thermoscopio Botanico. Zurich, 1755, 4to. 3 3. Vom Gebrauche des_Thermoscops Thermometer bey Wartung der Pflanzen.(Hamburg Hag. 16 band. p. 288.) 1753. Reichard, Ch., a celebrated writer of Guides,
(90, t and other compilations, who lived at Erfurt, and
died some years ago.,
Land-und Gartenschatz. Erfurth. 8vo-
‘A new edition in 1802, by J. Volkmer Sickler.
1761, Boehmer, George Raiph, professor of botany and anatomy at Wittemberg, was born in 1723; studied under the celebrated Ludwig; wrote various botanical works, and died in 1803. BP
1. Programmata, De serendis vegetabilium seminibus mo-
nita. Wittemberg. 4to.; i: 2, Bibliotheca scriptorum historic naturalis, oeeconomix,
aliarumque artium et scientiarum ad illum pertinentium realis systematica. Leipsic, 1785-89. 9 vols. Svo.
This is considered a very valuable work.
> 1
1761. Schaffer, Jac. Ch.
Der wunderbare Eulentzwitten nebst der Baumraupe, ans welcher derselbe entstanden,&e, Regensburg. 4to. plates.
1764, Plax, Anthony William, author of a tract on vegetable physiology, published in 1745,;
Programma de plantarum sub-diverso coelo nascentium cul-
tura. Leipsic. 4to p-13.;; 1765. Gleditsch, John Gotlieb, a naturalist, was
born at Leipsic in 1714. He took his doctor’s de- gree in physic at Frankfort on the Oder, where he was appointed professor of botany, physiology, and medicine. He was also a member of the Academy
of Sciences at Berlin, and died in 1786.; Vermischte Physiealisch Botanisch-CEconomische Ab
tarum, veterum circa res hortenses occupationes post se re- 2
hy 0 handlugen. Halle, 1765-67 3 theil. 8vo. 9
1124 STATISTICS OF GARDENING, Part IV.
2. Pflanzenverzeichniss zum Nuzen und Vergniigen der Lust-und Baumgirtner, nebst Anmerkungen, die deren Pflege, MSC NaN Pflanz und Blitezeit betreffen. Berl. 1773, vo.
5. Vollstandige Theoretisch-Praktische Geschichte aller in der Azeny, Haushaltung und ihrer verschiedenen Nahrung- 1 nuzlich befundenen Pflanzen. Berl. and Leips.
4. Ueber die Ursachen einer unsichern Verpflanzung der bereits exwachsenen Fichten und Wachholdern, aus ihren natiilichen Standplazen, in unsern Heyden. In his Phys.
3otan.(cen. Abhandl. 1 theil, p.39—57.
5. Gedanken iiber die Fragen: durch was fiir Wege ges- chiehet die Hauptvermehrung des wilden Holzes in unsern Forsten am besten? und welches ist die vorgiiglichste Art, die Eichen zum Nuzen des Forstwesens zu saen? Ib. 69—93.
. Sys itische Einleitungin die neuere Forstwissenschaft. :, 8vo. 2 vols.
1765. Rettelet, K. Cp.
Praktischer Beweis dass die Mathesis bey der Forstwessen- shuft unentbehrliche Dienste thue. Eisenach. 8vo.
1766. Cramer, John Andrew, a metallurgist, was born at Quedlinburg in 1710, and died in 1777. He was the first who formed the art of assaying into a system.
Anleitung zum Forstwissen. Brunswick. fol. p. 200, 60 pate: Be
1768. Von Brocke, Henrich Christian.
1. Wahre Griinde der Physicalischen und experimental Allgemeinen Forstwissenschaft. Leipsic, 1768-75,'4 vols. 8vo.
2. Beobachtuagen von einigen Blumen deren Bau, und Zubereitung der Erde. Leips. 1771, 8vo.
1768. La Societé Economique de Berne.
Traité des Arbres Fruitiers, extrait des meilleurs auteurs. Paris. 12mo, Translated from the German.
1768. Liider, Fr. Hin. H.
1. Briefe iiber die Bestellung eines Kiichengartens in Nie- dersachsen. anover. 3 vols. Svo.
25 Nachricht von Anbau und Erhaltung des griinen Kohls in Winterzeit. Flensburg, 1772, 8vo.
5. Briefe iiber die Anlegung und Bestellung eines Blumen. gartens. Hanover, 1777.
1771. Miinchausen, O. F. von., an amateur.
Monatliche Beschaftigung fiir Baum-und-Plantagen Gart- ner,&c. Hanover. 8vo- Dt
1771. Henne, Sm. D. L.
_Anweissung wie man eine Baumschule von Obstbéumen in Grossen Anlegen soll. Halle. 8vo
1771. Ossenfelder, H. A.
f einbau in den sachsischen Landen. Dresden. 8vo.
1773. Hirschfeld, Ch. Cat. L., counsellor to his
Janish Majesty, and professor of the fine arts at Kiel. He laid out several gardens in Denmark, and formed a large fruit-tree nursery there.
1. Remarques sur les Maisons de Campagne et l’Art des Jardins.(Also in caren) Leipsig. 12mo.
2. Théorie de l’Art des Jardins.(Also in German.) Leip- sig. 8vo. 1775.
3. Théorie de|’Art des Jardins.(Alsoin G-) 6 vols. 4to. many plates. Lei; and Amsterdam, 1777 to 1782.
_ In the Gazette Littéraire de Europe, for January 1781, it is said of this work, that reading it‘‘ expands the heart, ex- alts and ravishes the soul, so much so that one would say, pleasure had taken the pencil and painted the most agreeable scenes, to reeal the idea of the charms of the finest day.”
4. Gartenkalender, Hamburgh, 16mo-plates. 1782 to 1790.
5. Gartenbibliotheke. Kiel. 8vo. 1790.
6. Handbuch der Fruchtbaumzucht. Brunswick, 1788. 2 vols. Svo.
7. Uber die Verwandtschaft der Gartenkunst und der Malery (im gothaish. Magazine.
1773. Krause, Ch. L.
Fiinfzigjahrige erfahrungsmiassige Unterrichte von der Gart- nerey. Berlin. 2 vols. Svo.
1774. Glaser, J. F.
Physikalishe 6konomische Abhandlung von den schdialichen Raupen der Obstbaume und bewdhrten Hiilfsmitteln, solche abzuhalten. Leipsic. 8vo.
1775. Weiss, Frederick William, author of Flore Gottingensis, and other botanical works.
Entwurf einer Forstbotanick. Gottingen, 1 vol. p. 358. Eight plates. i
1775. Saussure, Nicolas de, father of the famous natural philosopher(Horace Benedict de Saussure), was born in Geneva, in 1709, and died in 1790. He devoted himself to agriculture, and obtained a prize from the GEconomical Society of Auch, fora memoir on the subject.
1. Maniére de Provigner la Vigne sans engrais. Svo.:
2. Le feu, principe de la fécondité des plantes et de la fer- tilité des terres. 8vo. 1783.
3. Essai sur la Taille de la Vigne; et de la Rosée.$8vo. 1780.
1776. Mayer, or Meyer, John, gardener to the
3ishop of Wurzburg, in Franconia. He appears to have worked some time in the royal gardens at Paris, and to have travelled in England. His work is understood to have considerably promoted the culture of fruits in that part of the country where he lived. sig
1. Pomona Franconia, ou Description des Arbres Fruitiers, les plus estimés en Europe, de la cour de Wirtemberg,.“3 vols. 4to. Fr. and Ger. 264 plates. SaaP
2. Pomona Franconia, ou Description des Arbres Frui- tiers, les plus estimé en Europe, qui se cultivent, maintenant au Jardin dela cour de Wurzburg. Nuremberg- 2 vols. 4to. fig
1776. Schmidt, J. Ch. E. of Mecklenburg, at Ludvy
Ce)
, gardener to the Duke vigslust
Gepriifte Anweisung zu der Erziehung, Pflanzung und Be- handlung der Hochstammen und Zwergtruchbaunie. Man- heim. 8vo.;
1776. Von Dieskau, Christian John Frederick.
1. Das regelmassige Versezen der Baume in Waldern und rorten. Meiningen. 8vo.
2. Vortheile der Gartnerey,&c. Coburg. 2 vols. 8vo. Lee AM,
Gedanken tiber diejenigen Unterhaltunganstalten, die durch Holzsaat, und das Anflanzen in unsern Waldungen, nach der Natur derselben, unserer Kameralverfassung und dem Holz- handel geschehen kénnen. Berlin in Gesch. Naturf, Fr.2 Band. p- 307.
177... Anon.
Anleitung fiir die Landleute in Absicht auf die Pflanzung der W Ider. Abhandl. der Naturforscher Gesellschaft in Zurich. 3 B. and p. 205-266.
1777. Anon.
Die beste Art und Weise Ananas zu pflanzen, aus einer franzdsischen Handscrift tibersetzt; or, The best manner to plant ananas, and to keep them through summer and winter in vineries and frames, so as to obtain ripe fruit; with a correct description of the insects, and particularly of the Coccus Bro- melia, or the ananas’ shield, whlch is so injurious and even deadly to this noble plant; and a sure method of destroying them. With three plates. Translated from a French manu- script. Stutgard. 8vo. 1778. A plate of a pine and grape- house, one of pits for pines, and one of the Coccus Bromelia.
It is chiefly an abridgment of La Court’s Directions for Cultivating os Pine Apple.(See Dutch authors on gardening,
37.
Ae Deely, e
1777. Hiltenbrand, Ant.
(stericher Weinkatechismus, oder kurzer Unterricht von Weinbau in(streich. Vienna. 8vo.
1778. Mayer, J. F.
1. Von Gartenbau. Frankfort on Maine. 8vo.
2. Der Maykafer als Wurm und Vogel, in Garten, auf /Ekern, und auf Wiesen,&c. Nurenburg. 8vo. 1768.
1778. Voch.
Erste Griinde fur Gartenrisse. Augsb. 8vo.
1779. Walther, I. Tac.
Praktische Anleitung zur Gartenkunst; oder des Schwd- bischen Gartners getreuer Unterricht. mit einem dreyfachen Gartenkalendar. Stutgard. 8vo. plates.
1779. Weismantel, J. N., a florist at Leipsic. Blumisterey- Leipsic. 8vo. plates.
1780. Faudel, Frederichs Gulielmus.
Specimen insug. de Viticultura Richovillana Argent. 4to. aC
» OU.
1780. Gotz, J. F.
Anweisung zur vortheilhafiigen Anlegung der Baumschulen, Baum und Kiichengarten aut dem Lande,&c. Altenburg. 8vo.
1780. Feuereisen, K. Glo.
Praktische Abhandlung ueber einige wichtige Gegensttinde in der schénen Gartnerey; nebst einem Anhang von einigen in Gartenhiuserm, Mistbeeten und in freyen Garten befindli- chen fruchten. Han. 8vo.;
1781. Beckmann, John, professor of economy in the university of Géttingen, was born at Haye, in the kingdom of Hanover, in 1739; he wrote a num- ber of works, but is best known by his History of Inventions. After a life of great industry and use- fulness, and loaded with academical honors, he died in 1811. i
1. Gartenblumen, in his Geschichte der Erfindungen, 2 Band, p: 296-308. i ae z
2. Versuche und Erfahrungen tiber die Xunst Holz zu sien. Leipsic. 2 vols. 8vo.
1781. Salzmann, F. Z., gardener to Frederick IJ. of Prussia, at Potsdam.( f
1. Griindliche Anweisung wie man allerley Kiichengew4chse und Spicerey Krauter durch das ganze Jahr zu behandeln hat.
2. Pomologie. Berlin, 1774.'
1781. Marter, Fr. Jos., a commercial gardener near Vienna. q
Verzeichniss der oesterrichen Baume, Stauden und Busch- gewachse, mit Kurzgefeatsten Anmerkurgen Uber die Natur und okonomische Geschichte deselben. Vienna. 8vo.
1782. Ehrhart, Frederick. g
Garten Anmerkungen.(Printed in the Hanover Magazine,
». 529. 524.)
1782. Medikus, Frederick Kasimir, author of a number of works on botany and natural history. zur schénen Gartenkunst. Manheim, 8vo- p. 378 ung tiber die Versuche, auslandischer Baume und che an unsern Himmelsstrich anzugewohnen. 3emerkung der Kuhrptiltzischen. Phys. dkon. Gesellsch, 1778, p. 29—61. Mee
p
Ib. 1780, p. 131—177.:;
5. Von eae Finflusse der strengen Winter der drei Jahre yon 1782 bis 1785 auf die Kultur fremder an unsern Himmels- strich angewohnter, oder anzugewohnender| Baume und Straucher,&c. Vorles. derselb. Ges. 1 Band, p- 39—176.
6. Ueber das Ausdaurungsvermogen des C annacorus in freyer Luft. Usteris Annalen der Botanick, 13 stuck, p. 39—43.
7. Briefe uber die Robinia. 12mo. 1804.
1783. Von Wilke,G.W.Cst.
1. Sammlung der wichtigen Regeln in’der Kiichengdrtnerey, nebst hauslicher Renutzungslehren. Halle. 5vo.; ft
2. Sammlung der witchtigen Regeln in der Baumgiart- nerey. Leipsig, 1783.* oa fandbuck for Lustgartner und Blumenfriende. Halle, >. 1785. at ns ys 1783. Von Buresdorf, Frederick Augustus Louis,
;\ 5: Yi 2 ace Professor of Forstwissenschaft(Forest manage- ment) at Tegel near Berlin, where he formed an )
Book J
of flection 7 i wit
f.
sive
310 Joh
> Hoppe, J 183, HepPes«is Von det Po
ee D Vienna,@
f some on
thor of a1
bot
4, Blun
1786, Scho git
extensive collection of American trees at the govern- ment expense, with a view to shee propagation
and naturalisation in Prussia. Since his death the
establishment has been managed by Mr. Hartig. ichen The und Grenzen der systema- s. Berlin, in Ges. Naturf. Fr. 4 band,
| 1. Von den eigentl tischen Forstwissensct 9-
tandigen Geschichte vorziiglicher Hol-
ates.
. Versuche einer vol zarten. Berlin. 2 vols. X Anleitung zu sicherer Erzichung und Zweckmassiger Anpél anzung der ischen und fremden Holzarten, = in Deutsc hlandim freien fortkommen. 2 theile, Berlin,
1783. oe epPe> John Christopher. n d
Forstkentniss. Printed in his J 5 theil,
Kili + Journal fur die( _2. Vortheile_zar Erzi Stutgard. 1750. Svo- 1784. Von Vothman, J. G. 1. Wartt und Anlegung des Spargels. 2. Oekonomischer praktischer Gartenkatechi
vols. 5v0O.
1784. Plenck, Jos. Jacques, M. D. Vienna, author of a number of medi of some on= any.
fel, I—— Alb. yartnerey- ung eines guten
aamens.
Baumtrockr i den Er phala 2 und durch einen Versuch erli
ome} L-
_1787. Gme lin, John Frederic “ Abhandlung ut yer die Wu 1788. Samrow, Cp. L. Verfahrung einer praktischen Anleitung zum Teltower
Riibenbau. Berlin. Svo.
1788. Gerthing, Joseph.
Gedanken, W finsche und Vi rschlage zu Emporbringung der nutzbaren Gartnerey. Jena. 8vo-
1788. Ranfft, J. F.
L Beschreit ou einer sehr vortheilhaftis
Aurikel-Stellage. Freyburg. Svo.
2. Bemerkun eeu und Regeln der Aurikel. Bey J as Rar
Leipsic. 8vo.
mtroc
Nelken und
die Cultur im. Val. Seeli
Erfurth.-18 1788. Rode, a feat ated landscape-painter in Berlin. 1. Ground Plan of the Garden« r 8vo. plates. 2 n Grur id Pl an des
Book lI. GERMAN WORKS ON GARDE
93. Be rnstein, J. Glo. 1 i.
uch die nach den
Garten nach den Gn
“Baum zucht im Gro
Niitzliche Bemerk
Gartens zu Wé
_ Etler, J. Ch
- Die Farben d ler Nel 4
Grae Sierst GHIE K) p. Einige Bemerkun erfrornen Baume.
he bctet
aie
. Garte fren:
1790. Feige, K. The
a Te,
des
A I nebst einer Beschrei 3erlin. 8vo.
1791. BOEEs John Jacqu S. Garten der hiedener Pflanzen
Sen aaron
teu
oO zu W ahring z un
n Winter 1785 und 1789.
ebst einem
ad Wein-
Von Hass, J. J. Ad.
chtungen iiber den
ypographus, oder Wi
ipsic. 8vo.
Anon.
rweisung fur Anlegung der Garten ix
Leipz. 4to. plates. Anon. ig und Veredlung
Leipsig. 8vo.
Sick ler, the Rev.
er Teutsche Ob r moran
“Sc chiller, I. Kp.
Giessen. Svo.
Albonico, J. H.
n-
e1psic- dvo. Becker, W. Glo.
NING.
x
d ifer an der Troekniss der fi chten-
der regelmassigen Garte tranfosisct isdtzen der Englische!
irtner. fiir Liebhaber, v
— Kp. nb
au fiir die Gartn
gen fiir Garten und Blumenfre
K.
Austria, 2
Volkmar, who main- ains a nursery for the propagation and sale of fruit-
ihren Ga ar-
en
in
an
1126 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. ee
distinguished military character and courtier, who wrote 14 volumes on military, and 14 on mixed Subjects. He commanded under Frederic the Great, and the Empress Catherine, and visited England and every country in Europe. He was universally es teemed and beloved. He died in Vienna at an ad- vanced age in 1814.
Coup d’(Bil sur Bel-(£il(a seat of his own near Paris), et sur un grand partie des jardins de l'Europe._In tomes 1| and 2 of his(uvres mélées, and abridged in
Memoirs et lettres de Marechal Prince de Ligne,&c. Lon- don, 2 vols. 12mo. 1819.
1798. Spitz, Ans. Cp.
1. Ueber Erziehung guter und neuer Obst-und Spielarten aus Kernstammen. Erfurth. 8vo.
2. Bemerkung iiber die durch das Abschalen der Baumrinde vermehrte Fruchtbarkeit der Baume. Erfurth. 8vo. 1802.
1798. Achard, Franz. Karl, director of the phy- sical class in the Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin.
Ausfithrliche Beschreibung der Methode, nach welcher bei der Kultur der Runkelriiben verfahren werden muss, um ihren Zukkerstoff nach Mégliehkeit zu vermehren, und sie so zu er- halten, das sie mit Vortheil zur Zukkerfabrikazion angewerdit werden kann. Berlin. 8vo- 63.
Translated in Nicholson’s Journal, vol. iii. 237.
1798. Grohmann.
1. Schéne Gartenkunst. Leipsig, eight plates.
2. Id gazin fi iebhaber von Garten und Englischen Anlagen. 60 Hefte. Leipsig, 1779 and 1805, 4to. plates.‘This is one of the most popular works in Germany in respect to plans for gardens.
3. Kleines Ideemagazin oder Sammlung von Ideen die mit- wenig Kosten aus zufithren, é&c. 5
This work may also be had in French under the following title: Magasin petit, ou recueil d’idées peu dispendieuses a ex- écute. Leipsic, fol. 12 cahiers. plates.
4. Plans nouveaux pour distribuer et orner des petits Jar- dins. Leipsic. folio.
1798. Anon.
Nelkenflor, oder nach der Natur gemaltes Verzeichnis aller schénen und guten Sorten Nelken. Meissen. 8vo.
1798. Hildt, I. Adf.
Sammlung inheimische und auslandische Holzarten, zur technologische Kenntnisse, Charakten und Waarenkunde aller kunst farb nnd apothekhélzer. Weimer. 4to.
Sold with 144 specimens of woods, of two inches in length each, for 14 dollars, or of five or six inches long each, for 36 dollars.(See 1792. Huber.)
1798. Gatterer, Cp. W. Jac., author of a work on zoology.
Forst Kalendar, oder Verzeichnis den Verrichlungen in je- dem Monate. Ulm. 8vo.
1798. Datlinger, Prosp.
1. Vollstandige Geschichte der Borkenkafers, Fichtenkrebses, oder sogennanten schwartzen Wurms- Weisenbach. 8vo.
2. Gesammelte Nachrichten und Bemerkung iiber die Fich- tenspinner oder die Baumraupe Phalaena: Bombyx pini, Linn. Weisenbach. 8vo. 3 plates.
1798. Jordens, J. H.
Geschichte der kleinen Fichtenraupe, oder der Larve von der Phalzena Monacha, Linn: mit Beytragen zur Berichtigung der Ausrottungsmittel dieser Waldverheererin. Hof. 4to- plates.
1798. Zoph, K.
Die Nonne im Walde und ihre Schwestern; kein Roman. Leipsic. 8vo.
1798. Bretschneider, K. Beat.
Beytrage zur Kentniss der verderblichen Fichtenraupen. Weimar. Svo.
1799. Erbstein, K. F. W.
Aurikelflor, oder nach der Natur gemalte Versamlung aller vorziiglich schénen Sorten Aurikel. Meissen. Svo. plates.
1799. Diel, Augustus Frederick Adrian, M.D. of Nassau, Dietz; a scientific writer on gardening.
1. Versuch einer systematischen Beschreibung der in Deutsch- land gewénlichen Mernobstsorten. Frankfort on the Maine; 10 yols. of Apples, and 5 of Pears, to 1807.
2, Uber die Anlegung einer Obstorangerie in Scherben, und die Vegetation der Gewachse. Frankfort on Maine. 12mo.1796.
1800. Keyser, G. Ad.
Ueber die Veredlyng des Obstes und der Verhandlung der Obstkernstamme. Erfurth, Svo.
1800. Von Weiss, K,
Deutliche Anweisung der Nelken durch Schnitlinge zu verm- ehren; nebst einigen Gedanken tiber die Entstehung und Fortpflanzung der Nelkenlause und deren Yertilgen. Halle. 8vo.
1800. Anon.
1. Einige Bemerkungen eines Rheinlanders uber den Wein- bau des seits des Rheins zwischen Mayne und Bingen. Nau’s Neue Entdeckung. 1 Band. 63.
2. Ueber das besetzcn, der rottfelder, und die frage ob Vei- flinge oder Blindholzzum Anpflanzen junger Weingarten am vortheilhaftesten seyn.
1801. Fukker, F. Jac.
Beschreibung des Tokayer Gebirgs, nebst Belehrung wie bey der Weinlese zer verfahren. Vienna. 8vo.
1801. Hermes, I. Gf.
Beschreibung der vorziiglichsten Gartenblumen nach der Zeitfolge betrieben. Zerbst. 8vo,
1801. Hiibner, K. Jos.
1. Blumisterey Bemerkungen aus dem Jahr 1800, fiir Nel- kenliebhaber,&c. Brezlau. 8vo,
2. Sirisas, vollstandiger charakter der Gartennelke oder Grassblume. Reichenbach. 8vo, 1814.
1802. Berger, Ch. Glo.
1. Taschenbuch fiir Blumenfreunde, oder kurze Charak- teristik und Anweissung zur Cultur der vorziiglichsten in neu- deutschen Garten befindliche Gewachse. Leipsic, 2 vols. 8vo.
2. Handbuch zur Pflanzenkenntniss fiir Okonomische Gar- tenliebhaber und Forstliebhaber zur leichten und yortheilhaf- tigen Betreibung ihrer Ge.chafte. Leipsic. v9.
b
1802. Goring, E. H. I. Bm. Trommsdorff’ F. K. L. Sickler. Hanend
Deitscher Gartenschatz; herausgegebe f Sickler. Erfurth. 5 vols. 8vo. See me
_ 1802, Sickler, Francis Karl Ludwig, son of Dr. Volkmar Sickler, a scholar and antiquarian, He in- vented, in 1805, a drill-plough, called the spirodi- phere, and in 1816 came to England, to submit to
overnment a plan for unrolling the Herculanean
1SS., which, however, was not attended with success,
1. Allgemeine geschichte der Obstkultur von den Zeiten der Pence bis auf die gegenwartigen herab. 1st vol. Frankfort. 8vo.
2. Der vollkommene Oradngeriegartner, oder vollstiindige Beschreibung der Limonen, Citronen, und Pomeranzen, oder der Agrumi in Italien, und ihrer Cultur. Weimar, 1815. 4to. plates.
an analysis of this work is given in the third volume of the Horticultural Transactions, by Dr. Noehden.
1802. Déetrich, Fr. Gli. court-gardener at Eise- nach, to the Duke of Saxe Weimar.
1. Vollistandiges Worterbuch der Gartnerey und Botanique (the Introduction by Sprengel). Berlin. 10 vols. 8vo.
2. Oekonomischer botanischer Garten-journal. Eisenach. 6 vols. 8vo. 1795.
3. Wintergartner, oder Anweisung der beliebten Modeblu- men und cekonomischer Gewdchse ohne Treibhauser und Mistbeete in Zimmern, Kellern, und Andem Behiltern zu iberwintern, oder sie fiir den offnen Garten vorzubereiten. Weimar. 8vo. 1801.
4. Unterhaltungen fiir Gartner und Gartenfreunde. Tu- bingen. 8vo.
5. Die Linnzen Geranien fiir Botaniker und Blumenliebha ber,&c. Weimar. 4to. 6 parts, many plates.
6. Die Weimar Flora, oder Verzeichniss der im Herzogli- chen Park, in Weimar, befindlichen Baume, Straucher and Stauden. Eisenach. 5vo. 1500.
7. Nachtrag zum Lexicon der Gartnerey und Botanick. Berlin. 8vo. 1520.
1802. Schroter, I. Sm.
1. Erfahrungen in Meinem Blumem-obst-und Gemuss- garten.
2. Abhandlung iiber Girtnerey und Blumisterey. Eisen- bach. 8vo. 1802.
1802 Friederich, I. P.
Den Kiichengarten, Schwerin. 8yo-
1802, Rudolphi, J. Ch.
: Garten-Kalender fiir das ganze Jahr. Meissen. Syo. p. 184.
: 2. Nelkentheorie, oder eine in systematischer Ordnung nach der Natur gemalte Nelkentabel. Meissen. fol. 1787.
1802. Szegel, é
Description Pittoresque des Jardins du gout le plus moderne, ornée de 28 planches. Leipsick. 4to. 1802.
1803. Leonharde, F. G. and J. H. Seidel.
1. Der Friihlings und Sommer Gartner, oder Anweisung, jede Art von Blumen, wohlriechende niedrige Strauch Stau~ den, und rankende Gewichse, nebst Ktichengarten-Krautern, so wie auch Obst-Orangerie nach art der Chinesen in Scherben za erziehen— und fiir den Winter aufzubewahren, und zu er- halten. Leipsic, Svo. 2 plates.
2. Forst und Jagd-Kalendar. Leipsic. 1794, 8vo.
1803. Rocholl, A.
Die Kunst Zwergobstbaume und unter diesen besonders$} a- lierbaume zu erziehen und zu Behandeln, Leipsig. Svo.
1803. Weber, F. Bd.
Handbuch der Oekonomischen Litteratur; oder systematische Anleitung zur kentniss der deutschen 6konomischen Schriften, &c. Berlin. 2 vols.$vo.
1804. Wendf, G. T. K.
Deutschlands Baumzucht, oder Verzeichniss der Holzarten, welche das Klima von Deutschland im Freyen aushalten; nebst Angabe ihrer Grésse, Erforderliche ihres Bodens, Standes, der Bluthezeit, Reife und Ausdauer. Eisenbach. 8vo.
1804. Ritter, Ch.
Tafel der Culturgewaehse in Europa, geographisch nach den Klimaten dargestellt. Schnepfenthal. 1 large sheet.
1804. Frege, Ch. A.
Versammlung einer Classification der Weinsorten nach ihren Beeren. Meissen. 8vo.
1804. Sprengel, Kurt, Professor of Botany at Hull, son of the celebrated botanical author of that name, and author of an Introduction to Botany, and other works.
Gartenzeitung. Halle, 1804 to 1806. 4 vols. 8vo.
1805. Mayer, Frederick.
Der Monats-gartner. Giessen. 8vo.
1805. Theuss, Theodore.
1. Monatlich Garten-Handbuch iiber obst und Gemisegir- tenerey. Halle. 1805. sl Allgemeines Blumenlexicon. 2 Band. 8vo. Weimar.
3. Handbuch fiir Gartenbesitzer die keine gelernte Gartner sind,&c. Gotha. 8vo. 1805.
4, Der Obstbaumzucht nach theoretischen und praktischen Grundsatzen bearbeitet. Halle. 8vo. 1504.
1805, Kannegiesser, F. A.
1. Die Gattungen der Rosen. Freyburg. 4to.
2. Aurikeltloren. Dresden, 1800, 2 vols. Svo.
3. Abhandlung der Levkoyen. Dresden. 4to. 1807.
4. Abhandlung der Ranunkeln und Anemonen. Dresden,
1805. Von Hagen, F. W., a forester.
Ueber die Verwiistung der Borkenkafer und die Mittel ihnen zu begegnen. Gottingen, Svo.
1805. Breitenbach, Ph. Fr.
Die Obst-Oekonomie, oder vollstandiger Unterricht in Erzie- hung Wartung und Pflege der Obstbaume,&c. Berlin. 2 vols: 8vo,
Boot h
vehardt, iy Burt ithe hen sch ol og st U
tell ae lent, 1800+
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§ parts.
1808. Poschars
chase; mit 1809, Bouché, 1 Berlin, the first wh houses in Pruss! Die Zimmer und m Blumen und bew
Bar t
and antiquary, a at the Toilette of Newesten Lite Racemazionen zur(jr det the title of Prag the May, Bneye, 7th; 1610 Willdenow, Perl, author of va Tew edition of the§) 1, Ueber de Anzucht (Mag, du G, p. 212, Tonte Preisschrif le mizlicher Wj ischen Preisfrage
fre Baumzuc 1810, Altona. Altenburg Po
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TOmnsdonp ai “Yon J, Volkmar
Mii, kon of Dr, rin He in. tl the iri, oy Spitod.
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Tiere und Botaniqne
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1805. Burchardt, Th. H. 0.|
Pomologische Bibliothek, oder alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Pomologischen Schriften; mit Zuschreiben und Berich- tung, nebst Urtheilen alter und neuerer Shriftsteller iber Po- moiogie. Coblentz, 1805.
1805. Weissenbruch, J. W. Jos.
Das Ganze des Kiichengartenbaues. Frankf. on the Maine. 2 vols. 8vo.
1806. Gottharat, J. Ch. and R. Eyscrbock.
1. Der deutsche Saamengiartner, oder Anweisung zur Kent- niss, Erziehung und Aufbewahrung der in Deutschland ein- heimischen Kirchensamereyen,&c. Erfurth. Svo.
4%. Der Deutsche Gemiis-und Kiichengartenbau. 8vo. 1797.
3. Vollstandiger Unterricht von der Erziehung und Behand- lung der Obstbiume, nebst Anziehung ihrer Feinde und Krankheit. Ib. 8vo. 1798.|
4. Deutschlands Weisnbau,&c. Ib. 2 vols. 8vo.
5. Der Rathgeber in der Obstbaumzucht, fiir Birger und Landleute, U.S. W. Ib. 8vo. 1804.
6. Der Theoretische Praktische Wein und Kellermeyster, oder vollstandige Unterrichtung in der Cultur und Behand- lung des Weins- 1b. 8vo.
1806. Windt, L. G.
Der Berberitzenhauchein Feind des Wintergetreides. Ha- nover. 8vo.
180.. Von Stetterheim, Frederick.
Pomologie. 8vo-
1806. Giinther, J. Jac.
Anweisung fiir Weinbauer wider das Beschddigen durch
Frahjahr und Herbstfréste. Heidelburg. 8yvo. 1806. Waller, K. Alzi.
Der Stubengartner—nebst einem Anhang wie im Winter schéne Blumen zu erziehen. Nordhouse. 8vo.
1807. Réssig, K. Glo. of Leipsic, an amateur.
1. Versuch iiber den Gartenmohn,&c. Leipsic, 5vo-
2. Tractate iiber Cultur aller sorten Obstbaume,&c. Sch- neeberg. 8vo. 1792.
3. Oekonomische Beschreibung der vorziiglichen Arten, Ab-
Erfurth.
handlung und Spielarten der Rosen,&c. psig. 1799 4. Die Rosen nach der Natur gezeichnet,&c. Leipsic, folio, 8 parts.
1808. Poscharsky, Ch. F.
1. Der Monats Gartner. Pirna. 8vo.
2. Der Stuben-gartner,&c. Ib. Svo.
1808. Rosenberg, O. F.
Anleitung Fruchtbaume durch das Copuliren zu veredeln. IXénigsberg. 8vo. 1 plate.
1809. Hellbach, J. Ch.
Handbuch iiber den Kiichengartenbau fiir die grosse Volk- classe; mit Zweckmiassiger Literature versehen. Erfurth. 5vo.
1809. Bouché, Pierre, a Frenchman. A florist at Berlin, the first who introduced bulbs in green- houses in Prussia.
Die Zimmer und Fenstergiarten, oder Anweisung die beleib- testen Blumen und Gewaschse in Zimmern und Fenstern zu ziehen und zu iiberwintern; nebst elmer Anweisung zur Blu- mentreibery- Berlin. Svo-
1809. Dreyssig.
Der Levkoyen Gartner, oder Anweisung zur Cultur der Lev- koyen, U. S. W- Erfurth. 8vo.
1809. Christ, I. L.,a clergyman at Kronberg, near Frankfort on the Maine.
1. Beobachtungen tiber die heisse und trockne Witterung cles Sommers 1800, deren Ursache, und Mittel die weitern Zunah- me des Uebels zuvorzukommen. Frankfort on Maine. Svo-
2. Praktisches Gartenbuch. Heilbrun. 2 vols. Svo. 1811.
GERMAN WORKS ON GARDENING.
1127
Annalen der Altenburgischen pomologischen Gesellschaft. Altenberg. 8vo. y 1810. Kalb. Bhd. H.| Der Weinbau nach theoretischen und praktischen Kent-| nissen. Stuttgard. 5vo., 1810. Laurop, P. Nf ber’ Annalen der Forst-und Jagdwissenschaft. Darmstadt. Svo. A‘ 4 volume appears occasionally.| 1810. Rieffelson, Pt. Beschreibung und Abbildung der von ihm erfundenen| grossen Kraft-und Hebemaschine, mittelst welcher in wenig| zeit Baume von ansehnlicher Grosse samt ihren Wurzeln aus fi der Erde gehaben, und ungeheure Lasten von der Stelle ges-} chafft werden Kénnen. u.s.w. Hamburgh. 4to. 5 plates.{ 1810. Guimpel, F., a botanical draughtsman and engraver at Berlin. Abbildung der deutschen Holzarten fur Forstmanner und|
Liebhaber der Botanik; mit Beschreibung desselben von K. W. Willdenow. Berlin, in numbers in 4to., colored plates. Nos. 35 and 36 were published in 1821, containing specimens of the woods of the following trees and shrubs: Juniperus sa-
bina, communis and nana; Taxas baccata; Atriplex portula-, coides; Acer pseudo platanus, platanoides, austriacum and campestre; and Fraxinus excelsior.
1811. Crome, G, of Hanover.
Der Boden und sein Verhiltniss,&c.(Method of knowing soils by their plants, turf,&c.) Hanover. 8yo.
18 Ransleben holds a government situation at Berlin, and propagates fruit-trees for sale in his garden there.
Einige Aufsatze fiir Gartenfreunde,&c. Leipsic. 8vo.
1811. Fritsch, A——.
Versuch eines Birn systems. Altenburg, folio, colored plates of fruit.
1812. Fischer, V. F.
Anleitung zur Triiffeljagd,&c.(Truffle hunting, in Germany, is considered as part of forest management.) Carlsrouhe. 8yo-
1812. Wadlroth.
Geschichte des Obstes der Alten. Ist Heft. Halle. Svo. p.169.
1813. Kellermann.
Bemerkungen tiber de Felpe- Magdebourg. 8vo.
1813. Kecht,J.C., a varnisher of carriages at Berlin.
Versuch einer durch Erfahrung erprobten Methode den Weinbau zu verbessern. Berlin. 8vo. 1 plate.
1814. Geist, J——, M.D.
Ueber die Verbesserung des Weinbaus. Wiirtzburg. Svo.
1814. Corthum, J. E., a lady.
Handbuch ftir Gartenfreunde,&c. Zerbst. 2 vols. Svo.- j
1815. Bockmann, A., professor of forest manage- ment at Geissen,
Beschreibung eines hiéchst einfachen und wohlfeilen Hihen- i\ messens, womit in Gebirge, wie in der Ebene, die Hihen der i
Baume ohne Gehiilfen leicht geschwind und genau gemessen
werden Kénnen. Giessen. 8vo. plates.| 1815. Zeyher, and G. Romer, the former director| of the Duke of Baden’s gardens. Ht|
Beschreibuns der Gartenanlagen zu Schwetzingen. Man- heim. 8vo. 9 plates, and a plan of the garden.
1816, Hempel, G. E. L. a clergyman.
Der Pomologische Zauberring- Ein leichtes Mittel jeden Obstbaum zum Tragen zu zwingen.- Nunneberg. 8vo-
1817. Lindegaard, Peter, C.M.H.S. gardener to| the King of Denmark.}
A new Method of Forcing Grapes. London. 8vo. Trans{ lated from the Danish.
1817. Roulet, Jean Antoine, cultivator at Péseur.
Recueil de Mémoires sur la Culture de la Vigne successive-
3. Der Baumgirtner auf den Dorfe, oder Anweisung wie der remeine Landmann Obstbaume erziehen und benutzen kinne. “yankfort on Maine. 8vo. 1792.
4. Handbuch der Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre. Ib. 8vo.
794.
5. Pflanzung and Wartung der niitzlichsten Obstbaume, &c. Ib. 8vo. 1789
6. Pomologisches, theoretisches, praktisches Handwéorter- buch. Leipsic. 4to. 1802.
7. Plan zum Anlegen eines Obstgartens. Tb, fol, 1799.
8. Die Krankheit Uebel und Feinde der Obstbaume und ihre Abhilfe. Frankfort on Maine. 8vo. 1808.
9. Von Weinbau,&c. Ib. 1795. 8vo-
10. Geschenk an den Weinhandler von Wichtigkeit Anwei- gung, Roggen in Weinbergen zu bauen. Ib. 1791. 8vo-
11. Vollstandige Pomologie, und zugleich systematisch rich tiges und beschreibung Verzeichniss der vornehmsten Sorten des Kern und Steinobstes,&c. die Christische Baumschule zu Kronberg. Ib. 8vo- plates.
1810. Von Sponeck.
Forstliche Aufsatze und Bemerkungen. Manheim. Svo.
181-. Sternberg, Baron V on,of Bohemia,an amateur.
1. Ueber die Kwtur der Alpenpflanzen. 3ot. Ges. in Re- genbarg Abh. i.
2 Flora subterranea.
1817. Boettinger,C. A., an eminent German scholar and antiquary, author of Sabina, or Morning Scenes at the Toilette of a Roman Lady; of Zusammen Neuesten Literatur,&c.
Racemazionen zur Gartenkunst der Alten. der the title of Fragmens sur le jardinage des anciens, in the Mag. Encyc. 7th Année.)
1810, Wéalldenow, C. L.
new edition of the Species Plantarum of Linnzus.
1. Ueber die Anzucht auslindischer Baume und Strauche.-
(Mag. du G. p. 212.)
2. Gekronte Preisschriften itber die von der Kurf iirstlichen
Wissenschaften zuErfurt aufgegebener
Akademie nizlicher (Nov. Art. Acad. Magunt, tom
pomologischen Preisfragen- ii. 159. 5. Berlinishe Baumzucht,&c. Berlin. 8vo. 7 plates, cc lored 1810. Altenburg Pomological Society. 1
(Translated un- ils
professor of botany at Berlin, author of various botanical works, and of a
otique de Neufchatel. Neufchatel. Svo.
1817. Cotta. i
Aaweisung yon Waldbau. Dresden. 8vo. p- 226.
1818. Bechstein, D. I. M., author of a work on domestic animals, and professor of forest cconomy at Nurenberg.;:|
Forstinsectologie, oder Natur-geschichte der fitrden Wald| L schidlichen und niitzlichen Insecten, nebst Einleitung in die Insectenkunde ttberhaubt. Nurenberg. Svo. colored plates.
1519. Hundeshagen, C—. i
Arleitung zum Entwerfen von Bauholzanlagen, und zur zweckméassigen Aufarbeitung,&c. Tubingen. Svo. plates.| a
1820, Wetzhausen von Truchsess.
Systematische Classification der Kirschensorten. Stutgard.
| ment présentés et couronnes yar la Société d’éinulation patri- |
Svo.} Two hundred and thirty-three sorts of cherries are here{ described.
1820. Schreiber, J- G::
Anweisung zum Beschneiden der Fruchtbaume. Zullichau.\| 7 8vo. ey} wf
1820, Blotz, F. and J- C. Christ.\‘
Die Gartenkunst. 3d edit. 5 vols. 8vo.
1820. Lupin, an amateur.| Die Garten. Vienna. 12mo.- 1821. Anon. i Neue Erfindung wie man tm Winter Ananas, Spargel\ wetabilien ingleichen Rosen-| chen, Hyacinthen,&c. ohne Mistbeet und sogar in Zimmern erziehen und zur Reife bringen kan. Nuremberg. Svo.
This piece of horticultura) quackery is sold in a sealed en- velope. The pamphkt contains@ few pages, illustrated by a plate.‘The mode is to introduce boiling water into a leaden losed in a ease or frame, containing the plants; to renew it as it cools, and give very little air. Rios
¥, Neue Gartenbau Kunst, oder Sammlung zur Verzierung des Parks und Garten. Leipsic. folio, 8 plates. i ; 1821. Bertuch, M., author of an Essay on Hiero-
Melonen,&c. und andere Ve
cistern, enc
glyphies. Garten- Magazin. 5 vols. and 6 numbers
| } C4
Weimar. One or more numbers annually. , published up to Jame lpzl.
a
i a rp
| | Pit ‘ d } |
Suxssect. 8. Works on Gardening published in Italy, exclusive of
STATISTICS OF GARDENIN
Parn 1 Ve
2 ory
Lranslations.
7694, A considerable number of books on rural affairs have been published in Italy;
::! We
but there, where garden and field culture are so nearly allied, gardening and agricul- ture have been so blended by the writers, that it is difficult to know under which depart- ment to include the books. The best work for giving a general idea of the state of cul-
ture in Italy is, the Annali dell’ Agricultura,
1546. Alamanni, Louis, a Florentine gentleman, an eminent poet, born in 1495. Having conspired against Julius de Medicis(Pope Clement VII.), he took refuge in France, where he was well received by Francis I., and sent in embassies to several courts. He wrote several poems, beside the follow- ing, and died in 1556.
Della Coltivazione.
It is translated into French with the title of Georgiques Liuliennes.
1595. Bacoti, 4A-——.
De Naturali Vinorum Historia, de Vinis Italie, et de con- viviis antiquorum, libri viii. folio, Rome.
1622. Soderini, Giovanvettorio, e Bernardo Dava- ati.
Coltivazione toscana delle viti e d’alcuni alberi. Aggiun- tovi la coltivazione degli olivi; ai Piero Vettori. Firenze. 4to.
1629, Rendella, Prospero
Tractatus de vinea, vindemia et vino. Ven. fol.
1633, Ferrari, Jokn Baptist, a Jesuit of Sienna, author ofa Syriac dictionary, and other works; died in 1665,
1. Hesperides, sive de Malorum aureorum Cultura et Usu, libri iv. Rome. fol. 1646.
2. Flora, seu de Florum Cultura, lib. iv. Rome, 4to, 1633.
1670. Falli, Francesco.
Dialogo interno alld Cultura della vite. Florence. 8vo.
Bes
167-. Caronelli, Conte Pietro de
Memoria sulla Coltivazione delle viti.(Atte della Soc. Pa- triot. de Milano, vol. iii. p. 3. 83.
167-. Bramieri, Don Giutio.
Transunto delle riporte al quesito della Societa Patriotica de Milano, intorno alla Coltivazione delle viti.(Arti Patriot. de Milano, vol. iii. p. 84. 157.)
1697. Sacconi, Agostino.
Ristretto delle piante, con sui nome antichi e moderni, della terra, aria, e sito, ch’amano. Vienna. 4to. p. 127.
1726. Claricit, Paolo Bartolomeo, a Benedictine monk of Padua.
Istoria e col ura delle piante che sono pel fiore pid rag- guardevoli, e pit distinte per ornare un giardino in tuito il tempo dell’ anno; con un trattato degli Agrumi. Venice. 4to. with a plan of the garden of Gerarde Sagredo.
1763. Arrigoni, Stefano.
Trattato sulla cognizione e coltura de giacinti. Viterbo, 1763, in 8vo. fig.
1767. Cattaneo, Giacomo.
Della Idropisia de’ Ge!si. Milano, 1767, in 8vo.
1769. Anon.
Maniera di coltivare gli alberi fruttiferi, opera postuma d’ illustre autore, Firenze, 1769, in Svo-
1773. Anon.
Trattato de’ fiori, che provengono da cipolla, in cui si con- tiene tutto cio, ch’ é necessario per ben coltivarli. Cremona. 12mo. p. 108. fasted y
1777. Toxzetti, Octavianus Targioni, M.D. regius professor of botany and agriculture at Florence; author of various works on agriculture; and his son has translated the Agricultural Chemistry of Sir H. Davy.
Des differentes especes de Meuriers qui se cultivent dans le territoire Florentin.(Mém. Acad. Scien. Paris, 572.)—
1777. Brochieri, Francesco, gardener to the King of Sardinia, at Turin.
Nuovo Metodo, adattato al Clima del Piemonte, per cul- tivare gli Annanas senza Fuoco. Turin. 12mo. 1 plate.
He recommends pits and dung, or tan: this, he says, is the English and Dutch method, both which countries he had Visited.:
1780. Freylino, di Buttigliera, Conte.
Sulla maniera di rescaldare economicamente le serre degli Ananassi. In the Opusculi, scelti. Florence. 8vo. tom xi. p-_15, 17. me 2
His improvement consists in mixing sawdust with tan or dung, to lessen expense, and prolong the heat. 5
1780. Borch, Michael Jean, Comte de, a Pied- montese gentleman, author of various works on lithology.
Lettres sur les Truffes du Piémont. Milan. 8vo. 5 plates,
1783. Picciuoli, Guiseppe, curator of the garden of the illustrious Marchese Niccolo Panciatechi, at the Villa Loggia, near Florence.
Memoria sulla coltivazione degli Ananassi. Printed at the end of Horto Panciatico, p. 24—32- Florence, 8vo.
His method is nearly the same as that of La Court, and Brocchieri. See se ii. and A.D. 1777 above; he notices Bastard’s mode of ripening the fruit in water, translated and published in Opusculi scelti, tom. ii. and Count Freylino’s, of mixing sawdust with the dung. Brocchieri, he says, is one of the first gardeners in Italy. Ee i
1783. Gardini, M a physician at St. Da- miens, near Asti, in Piedmont.
De influxa electricitatis atmospherios: in vegetantia, disser-
22 vols. 8vo. by F. Re. 1809 to 1814.
Tash oe eas preemio donata anno 1782. 1787. Affaitata, Casimir. ee Villa, e l’accurato giardiniere in Citta. Bas- 1794. Bussato, Maro. Giardino di Agricoltura nel quale s’insegna tutto quello fe appartiene ad un perfetto giardiniero. Bassano, in 8vo. 1798. Comparetti, Andrea, a physician at Turin author of some anatomical dissertations.‘ Ibs Saggio sulla coltura e governo de’ Boschi. Padova, in 8yo. 1 2 vols. in 8vo.
Memoria sopra le fecondazione dei fiori doppie. Mem dell’ Acad. de Sienna. tom. 8. ¥: 181-. Fernaini, D Louis, abbé of Vallom- brosa.: ertations sur la culture des sapins. Paris. 8vo. plate: Translated by M. Desaeres Fleurange.: Lae
1803, va, Sisismondo, a phyrician at Milan, who has a handsome villa in the suburbs.
A Arte deerende Inglesi. Milano, 1803, 2 vols. in 8vo. ig- An edition afterwards in quarto, in great part tran lated from Hirschfield. i 4!;
1804. Bruley, C St. Domingo.
Rapport sur Jes essais de culture des plantes, exotiques, diriges a la venerie,(at Turin) du departement du P6. Tuna. ovo.
1807. Carradori.
Degli organi assorbenti delle radici delle piante. Milano, 1807, in 8vo.
1808. Barelle, Giuseppe.
Descrizione esatta dei Funghi nocivi o sospetti, con figure colorate. Milano, 1807, in 4to.
1809. Re, Filippo, librarian to the Patriotic So- ciety at Milan, afterwards in the employ of govern- ment, at Turin, where he died in 1820 or 21. He wrote a great number of works on rural and econo- mical subjects,
1. Lettera su alcune particolarita osservate nella coltivazi one dei giardini del Milanese. Milano, 1811, in 8vo.
- Lettera sopra alcune di quelle produzioni che volzar- mente dicono rose di quercia, e sulla michrorhizomania. Verona, 1814, in 4to. tig
5. Elementi di giardinajio. Milano. 1806, in 8vo.
4. Della poesia didascalica Georgica degli Italiani dopo il ristoramento delle scienza sino al presente. Saggio. Bologna, 1809, in 8vo.
Annali dell” agricoltura del regno d'Italia comminciati in ¢» 1806, e terminati in Giugno 1814, 66 parts, formi g 2 vols 1 8vo. with about 50 plates.
6. I) Giardiniere avviato nell’ esercizio della sua professione,
terza edizione. Milano, 1812, 2 vols. in Svo. con figure co-
; 4 proprietor of lands at
L’Ortolano dirozzato. Milano, 1811, 2 vols. in 8vo. con
la edizione. Milano, 1817, in&vo.
9. Saggio sopra la Storia e il Coltivamento dell’ Erba Me- dica. Seconda edizione rifusa e notabilmente accresciuta. Milano, 1817, in 8vo.
810. Anon.
Della scelta degli alberi ne’ giardini e delle loro buone e cattive qualita. Venezia, 1810, in 8vo.
1810. Pozzz, George.
Del vino, delle sue malattie, de suoi remedi,&c. Milan, 8vo. plates.
1810. Spadoni, Paolo.
Dello stabilimento, piantagione e conservazione delle siepi, con il disegno per ben formarle. Venezia, in Svo.
1811. Savi, Getano.
1. Trattato degli alberi della Toscana. Firenze, 2 vols. in 12mo. ae Memoria sopra una piante Cucurbetacea. 8vo. Milano, 3. Sul Cedro dell Libano. 8vo. Firenze, 1815.
4. Suila Magnolia grandiflora e sulla M. acuminata. 8vo. Firenze, 1818.
1811. Soderini, S.
1. Trattato di agricoltura. Firenze, 1511, in 4te.
; 2 Della Cultura degli Orti e Giardini. Firenze, 1814, in 4to.
3. Trattato degli arbori. Ib. 1817, in 4to.
1811. Gallesio, Georgio, a magistrate at Savonna. 1. Traité du genre Cifrus. Paris. 8vo.
2. Pomona Italiana, ossia Trattato degli Albevi fruttiferi, in folio, con fig. Pisa, 1817, in parts, ll. lis. Gd. eavh.
1813. Benigni, Fortunato.
Sugli insetti distruggitori delle Viti. Milano, in 8vo.
1813. Colla, Luig?.
_L’Antolegista Botanico. Turino, 1813-14, 6 vols. in 8vo. fig.
1815. Gautieri, Giuseppe, inspector-general of the royal forests of Lombardy.
1. Noticie elementari s
Naples. 8vo.
- Saggio Teorico Pratico sulle Malattie delle piante. Se-
rtorelli,
spel albert indiBe Ie!
on ale de: 1817. Mabil, 8 sagt sopra id $0~ “fl Anon. pel! Arie de Gia
SuBsecl)|
have been Pro" Jurnal of Caledonian Ho part of the Con
1560, Curt Hortorum it partim ex proba toris observatione ¢ 1613, Meursiss, the flower 0
f his fructicu
1909, Vander, 0 Prince of Ora Ig Jardinier H
departerres& flears et les de lattes
amstertel i 7 1672, Munliguis, 4
asor of botany at G
224, plates.
1616. Commelin, Jo Amsterdam in 1629, ene of the magis!
formed a 0 His nephew, Gi appointed. pro
Englished by G 682, Citricultur calture of the or trees.) Antwerp. 1703, Osten, or 0 the botanic garden< 1, Der Neiderla Translated into(rerm 2, The Dutch Garden
Protestant refugee, Le Jardin de Holla
Suasecr, 5, Wo
7696, Scandin A knowledge of the transactions ¢
18, Anon, Fen NY trdagarden Bo vith Ary, Mansons Orta ISM, Rudheck.(7 Fe 1, Rudbeck, Ole Me son of the Bis re While a stude ‘Yuphatics in the ee he live tholine, He
Py RT ly,
sation,
Loe
ial In Italy. | a‘ericul. Witch depart. i Sale of cul. to 1Sl4,
dowd ayy ine
iniere in Cit, Be.
insegna tatty gua i Basano, mf
ican at Turi,
, Lue of Vallom.
Pat, Sto, pas,
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ee
‘ig MOY
Boox f. DUTCH WORKS
2. Dell’ Influsso de’ Boschi sullo stato fisieo de’ Paesi, e sulla prosperita della nazione. Milano. 8vo, 1817.
3. Memoria sul pascolo de’ Boschi resinosi, da fronda, d’alto fusto e cedui. Milano, 1815. 8vo.
1816. Sartorelli, Giorgio Battisti.
Degli alberi indigeni ai boschi del Italia superiore. Milano, 1816. Svo.
Manuale del Giardiniere pratico,&c. Milan. 8yvo.
1817. Mabil, Sig. Luzgi, of Verona.
Saggio sopra I’ indole dei giardini moderni. Verona, 1817. 181-. Anon.
Dell’ Arte de Giardini Inglesi. 2 vols. 8vo.
Sussecr. 4.
ON GARDEN
iG. 1129
1817. Pindemonte, Ippolito di, an Italian{ibe who has spent some time in England, and Luigi Mabil, a gentleman of Lombardy. i
Su i Giardini Inglesi, e sul merito m cio’ dell* Italia, Disser- tazione d’ I. P.——e sopra l'indole dei giardini moderni saggio di L.M. Con altre operette sullo stesso argomento. Verona. 8vo. 1 plate.
1817. Anon.
1. Accurato agricoltore per Capri, Orti e Giardini, con tutte le regole della Coltivazione sulla fondata esperienza di uomini periti. Milano, 1817. 12mo.
2. Ea Coltura dei fiori a seconda del clima Lombardo. Ib. 1817. 12mo.
Works on Gardening originated and published in Holland, exclusive of
Translations.
7695. The Dutch excel more in the practice than in the literature of gardening. The works of La Court, and Van Osten, the former little known, are among the best that
have been produced.
There are none of recent date of any consequence. The
Journal of a Horticultural Tour in Holland, Flanders,&c. by a deputation of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, gives the best idea of the state of gardening in that
part of the Continent in 1817.
1560. Curtius, Benedictus.
Hortorum libri xxx., in quibus contenetur arborum historia, partim ex probatissimis quibusque auctoribus, partim ex auc- toris observatione collecta. Leyden. fol.
1613. Meursius, Jean, died at Leyden, in 1613, in the flower of his age.
De arborum fructicum et herbaceum proprietate usu et qua- litatibus, lib. iii. Leyden. 8vo-
1631. Cluyt, Outger Augerius, author of some works on minerals and insects.
Memoire der vreemden blom-bollen, wortelen, kruyden, planten, struycken, zaden ende vruchten, hoe men die sal wel gheconditioneert bewaren ende over seynden, that is,
Memoir on the mode of preserving and sending over in good condition foreign bulbs, roots, herbs, plants, shrubs, seeds, and fruits. Amsterdam. 8vo.
1699. Vander, Groen, I Prince of Orange.
Le Jardinier Hollandais, avec environ deux centes modéles de parterres A fleurs et autres; labyrinthes, pavillons, ouvrages, treillis et mailles de lattes, et de quadrans et horloges solaires. Amsterdam. 4to. A
1672. Munliguis, Alrahoue, physician, and pro- fessor of botany at Groningen; born in 1626, died in 1682.
De cura et cultura plantarum, Amstel. 4to. fig.
1676. Cause, D. H.
De Koninglycke hovenier(the Royal Gardener.) Amster- dam. fol. p. 224, plates.
1676. Commelin, John, a botanist, was born at Amsterdam in 1629. He succeeded his father as one of the magistrates of his native city, where he formed a new botanical garden, and died in 1692. His nephew, Gasper Commelin, a physician, was appointed professor in botany, and director of the garden at Amsterdam.
Nederlandtze Hesperides. Amst. fol. with many plates. Englished by G.V.N. London, 1683. 8vo.
1682. Van Sterbeeck Francis.
Citricultura, of regeringhe der uythenische boomen.(Of the culture of the orange tribe, and the management of exotic trees.) Antwerp. 4to. p. 296, ee oe
1703. Osten, or Ooslen, Henry Van, curator of the botanic garden at Leyden.
1. Der Neiderlindische Garten. Leyden. Svo. 5 plates.
Translated into German and French; and into English, as
2. The Dutch Gardener,&c. Lond. 1710. Svo.
1713. Anon.
De nieuwe naauwkeurige Neederlandse hovenier.(The New Improved Dutch Court Gardener.) Leyden. 4to. p. 286, plates.
1721. Du Vivier, Jean, supposed to be a French Protestant refugee.
Le Jardin de Hollande planté et garni de fleurs, de fruits, et d’orangeries,&c. Le tout apres une longue expérience, mis au jour pour V'intérét public. Amsterdam. 12mo.
, gardener to the
Supsect. 5.
1737. Anon.; the author Mr. La Court, a Dutch merchant, who had a country-house and fine gar- den at Driehoek,(triangle,) near Leyden, where he was the first to introduce and cultivate, with success, the pine-epple and the tuberose. He died between 1737 and 1740.,
Aenmerkingen over het aenleggen van landhuizen,.lusthoven, plantagion, enz, enz.(Remarks on the laying out of country- houses, pleasure-gardens, plantations,&c.&c.) Leyden. 4to- p- 412, with 15 plates.
These plates contain plans of pits for growing the pine and the vine; a general plan of Driehoek, and figures of the pine- apple, tuberose, and some varieties of oranges and lemons. The book is very scarce; only a few having been printed. The only copy we have seen is in the Banksian library.
1752. Voorhelm, George, commercial florist at Haerlem, of the firm of Voorhelm and Van Zom- pel. Traite sur la Jaccinthe.
1760. Van Kampen, or Campen, et fils, florists, at Haerlem,
Traité des Fleurs a oignons. 8yvo. with plates; translated with this title.
The Dutch Florist; or, true method of managing all sorts of Flowers with bulbous roots. 4to.
1771. Knoop, Jean Herman, a gardener at Leu- warden, in Friezland, died about the end of the 18th century.
1. Pomologie, ou description les meilleures sortes de pommes et de poires que l’on estime et cultive le plus, soit aux Pays-bas, soit en Allemagne, soit en Angleterre. Amsterdam. fol. fig.
2. Fructuologie, ou description des arbres fruitiers, ainsi que des fruits que l’on plante et qu’on cultive communément dans les jardins. Amsterdam. folio.
1772. Poederle,——VUaine.
Manuel de I’arboriste du forestier Belgique, ouvrage extrait des meilleurs auteurs anciens et modernes, et soutenu d’obser- vations faites dans differens pays ou l’auteur a voyagé. Brussels and Paris. 2 vols. Svo.
An anonymous work, with nearly the same title, appeared in
774.
1784. Burtin, Francis Xavier, a physician in Lor- rain, author of some works on mineralogy.
Mémoire sur la question; quels sont les végétaux indigenes que I’on pourrait substituer dans les Pays-bas, aux végétaux exotiques. Brussels. 4to-
1805. Serrurier.
Fruit Kundig Woordenbock. 2 vols. Amsterdam.
1817. Musche, curator of the botanic garden at Ghent.
Hortus Gandensis. 12mo. Ghent.
1817. Huthem.
Discours sur l’etat ancien et modern de l’agriculture et de la botanique dans les Pays-bas. Ghent. 8vo. p.70.
Works on Gardening, published in Sweden, Norway, and Iceland, exclusive 6).
of Translations. 7696. Scandinavian books on gardening are few, and chiefly by Linnzeus or his pupils. A knowledge of the present state of culture in Sweden is best obtained by reference to 8\) the transactions of the Stockholm and Upsal Academies.
1643. Anon. Een ny traz
y traagirden Book.(A_new garden book.) Printed with Arv. Mansons Ortabook. Stockholm. 8vo.
1664. Rudbeck, Olaus, a Swedish physician, was the son of the Bishop of Vesteras, and born in 1630. While a student at Upsal, he discovered the lymphatics in the liver, and other parts of the body; though his claim of priority was contested by Bar- tholine. He also cultivated botany, and founded a garden for the university of Upsal, where he held
| I
the chair of medicine till his death in 1702, having resigned the professorships of botany and anatomy, some years before, to his son, of the same name.
1. Preside, Dissertatio: Horticultura nova Upsaliensis- Resp. Gust. Lohrman. Upsaliz. 4to-
2. Catalogus Plantarum Horti Upsaliensis-
3. Campi Elysii, liber primus. Upsal, 1702. Liber secundus. Upsal, 1701. 2vols. fol.
This was to be a vast work, in which all the known plants in the world were to be represe nted by wooden cuts, in twelve vo- lumes, folio. The two first volumes however, were so unfor-
a alll
nc Gita a
ee eee
ANE ee. re eS Ses
a ———
1130 STATISTICS OF
tunate, as ta put an end to this stupendous project. A dreadful fire having broken 6ut{n Upsal in 1702, among its ravages re- duced to ashes the printing-office, when only a few copies of the work had been removed. These are, of course, extremely valuable.
1686. Rudbeck, Olaus, filius, the son and successor of the professor of the same name, was born at Up- sal in 1660. He took his doctor’s degree at Utrecht, and in 1720 joined Berzelius in founding the Swedish Academy of Sciences, the memoirs of which learned body contain a number of his dissertations on sub- jects of natural history. He also published some works on the plants and animals mentioned in Scrip- ture. He died in 1740.
Propagatio Plantaruin Botanico-physica. Upsal. 8vo. p. 142. with wood cuts and copper-plates.
17—. Fragreus, Jonas Theodor.
Konsten at skira frukt trad.(The art of nursing fruit-trees.) Wetensk. Acad. hand. 2. 45.
1728. Dahiman, G. T.
Den fiirdige tradgirdmistaren.(The successful Gardener.) Stockholm. 8vo. p. 230.
1738. I. P B.
En tragirdsbok.(A Garden-book.) Stockholm. 8vo. p. 212.
1739. Linneus, or Von Linne, Charles, was the son of a clergyman at Rashult, in Sweden, and born there May 13. 1707. He was educated at Lund, from whence he removed to Upsal, where he was appointed to read lectures on botany, in 1730; and the year following he received a commission from the Academy of Sciences, to travel in Lapland and Norway. In this journey he paid attention to the art of assaying metals, on which he afterwards de- livered a course of lectures. In 1735 he went to Harderwyck, in Holland, where he took his doc- tor’s degree, and while in that country he became, through the introduction of Boerhaave, superin- tendant of Mr. Clifford’s garden, at Hartecamp, of which he drew upa catalogue. While in this si- tuation he published also his Flora Lapponica; after which he visited England. On his return to Holland, he continued his Genera Plantarum, and was chosen a member of the Imperial Academy. In 1737 he printed the Hortus Cliffortianus, in fol.; and his Critica Botanica. He returned to Sweden in 1738, and was chosen a member of the academy at Upsal; and soon afterwards he laid the foundation of that at Stockholm. In 1740 he was chosen professor of medicine at the former place, where he undertook the reform of the botanical garden, to which he gave many valuable exotics. In 1745 he published his Flora Suecica; which was followed by the Fauna Suecica. At this time his merits were so well appreciated, that a medal was struck to his honor, and he was ap- pointed archiator to the king. In 1749 appeared his Materia Medica; and in 1751 he published the! Philosophia Botanica. His most splendid publication came out in 1754, with this title, Museum Regis Adolphi Frederici, comprising a description of the natural curiosities in the royal museum. While conducting this work through the press, Linnzus was honored with the order of the Polar Star; and in 1756 he was ennobled. In the mean time he prepared for publication his Species Plantarum, which was followed by the Systema Nature. This illustrious— naturalist died at Upsal, Jan. 10. 1778, and his remains were interred with great solemnity, in the cathedral of that city, where his pupils erected a monument to his memory. His son, Charles Linnzus, born in 1741, became demonstrator in the botanic garden, and published some valuable works. He was ill- used by his mother, which is supposed to have has- tened his death, in 1783. His sister, Elizabeth Christina, discovered a luminous property in the flowers of the nasturtium.
1. Rén om vaxters plantering, grundat 3 naturen.(Expe- riments on the planting of vegetables, founded in nature.) Vetensk, Acad. Handling. 1739, p. 1-24.
2. De cultura vegetabilium nature convenienter instituenda. Analect Transalpin. tom. i. p. 1-15.
3. Dissertatio de Horticultura Academica. Upsal, 1754. wa: DissertatiolHlortis Culiaarte: StockholigI7640 4p:
5. Handling om skogars plantering.(Treatise on planting woods.) Vetensk, Acad. Handling, 1748, p. 264. 269.
1740. Cederhelm, Baron Carl Wilhelm.
Tal on wilda trads planteringi Sverigee(Discourse on plant- ing trees indigenous in Sweden.) Upsal. 8vo.
1740. Triewald, Marten.
Anmiarkningar vid utlindska fruktoch andra trads planter-
GARDENING. Parr IV.
ande i Sverige.(Remarks on exotic Fruits and other Garden Plants in Sweden.) Vetensk, Acad. Handling, 204. 207.
1752. Wallerio, Johanne Gotschalk.
Preside, Dissertatio de artificiose fecundatione, imme seminum vegetabilium. Stockholme. 4to. p. 24.
1754. Kalm, Peter, a naturalist, was born in Fin- land,in 1715. He became professor of botany at Abo, and in 1747 went to North America, for the purpose of exploring that country; where he re- mained two or three years, and then returned to Abo. He afterwards made an extensive tour in Russia, with the same object, and died in Sweden in 1779. His Travels in America were translated into English by Forster, in 1771.
1. Almanna anmarkingar wid en Kryddéch tragiirds anlig- gande.((;eneral Remarks on the laying out of a K‘tchen and
ruit-Garden.) Abo. 4to. p. 8.
2. Om modjeligheten och nyttan af Kryddoch tra-girdars anlaggande i Finland.(On the Practicability and Advan- tage of laying out Kitchen and Fruit Gardens in Finland.) Abo. 4to. p. 12
3. Dissertatio possibilitatem varia Vegetabilia exotica fabricis nostris utilia in Finlandia colendi. Abo, 4to. p. 11
4. Utkast til en blomstergard af inhemska vaxter.(Sketch ot Flower Garden of Native Vegetables.) Abo, 1766. 4to. p- 15.
5. Anmarkningar om vara Furuoch Gran-skogars ommare ward, tagne af deras alder.(Observations on Fuel and Tim- ber Woods,&c.) Abo, 1757. 4to.
6. Anmarkningar roérande nédvandigheten af Ekskogarnas battre vaord och ans i Finland.(Observations on Oak Woods in Finland.) Abo, 1757. 4to.
7. Anmarkningar vid_fruct-trano planterande i Finland. (Remarks on Planting Fruit Trees in Finland.) Abo, 1757. 4to. p. 12.
1759. Gadd, Peter Adrian, professor of chemistry at Abo, author of a number of tracts on chemistry, natural history,&c
1. Om Branne-torf.(On Buming Turf.) Abo. 4to.
2. Upmuntran och underrattellse til nyttiga plantagers vidlaggande i Finland.(Encouragement and Instruction to are Measures for useful Planting in Finland.) Abo. 4to. 1765.
3. Academisk Afhandling om medel at underhilla och oka skogsvaxten i Finland.(On Oak Woods in Finland.) Abo. 4to. p. 26.
1768. Lissander, Andrew.
Anmiarkningar vid Svenska tragiardsskotstein.(Remarks on Swedish Gardening.) Stockholm. 8vo. p. 351. 4 plates.
1770. Olafsyn, Olaf, author of a voyage in Ice- land, made by order of the Danish court.
Islendsk Urtagards Bok,(Iceland’s Garden Book.) Kaup- maunaofn.§vo.
1771. Osbeck, Peter; Alof Toreen, and Captain Eckeberg, natives of Sweden, who made a voyage to China.
A voyage to China and the East Indies; together witb a voyage to Surrate, by Alof Toreen; and an account of the Chinese Husbandry, by Captain Eckeberg. Translated from the German. To which is added, a Formula and Flora Sin- ensis. Lond. 1771. 2vols. 8vo. Vol. ii. contains a Speech, shewing what is most worthy to be attended to in voyages to China. Translated from the Swedish, by John Remhold Forster, LL.D. F.R.S., a distinguished Prussian naturalist.
178-. Sommerfeldt, Christian.
Af handlingom nyttige have-vexters dyrkning for Norge. (Treatise on the Culture of Vegetables in Norway.)
178-. Schmidt, Christian Francis.
Kort anvisning til vilde traers opelskring og skoves rette anlig, behandling og vidligeholdelse i Dannemark.) On the manage- ment of wood in Denmark.) Danske Landhmfh. Selsk. Skrift. 3 Decl. p. 1. 170.
1780. Troxelius, Clas Bleehort.
Landtmarina genvég til frukt-tran.(An easy mode of having fruit-trees.) Lund. 4to. p. 16.
1780. Bergius, Peter Jonas, a physician, and pro- fessor of natural history at Stockholm, published several botanical works, and a Materia Medica; died 1791.
Den Obstbaumgarten in Schweden.‘Translated from the Swedish. Leipsig, 1794, Svo.
1784. Englebert, Jortin.
Flora maccelli Hortensis. Svenska Kéks-och kryddigarden férsvenskad. Lund. 8vo. p. 44.
1789. Hellenius, Charles Nicolas, professor of botany at Abo, in Finland; died 179-.
1. Strodole anmarkningar rérande frukttrans skétsel i Fin- land.(On nurseries of fruit-tree plantations in Finland.) Abo. 4to. p. 13. a
2 Laan vid fruktbarande buskars skitsel.(Re- marks on nursing fruit-bearing shrubs.) Abo. 4to. p. 10.
1799. Thunberg, Sir Charles Peter, M. D., pro- fessor of botany in the university of Upsal, author of the Flora Japonica, and various papers in the Linnean Transactions.
1. De Nutritione Plantarum. Upsal. 4to.
2. Omplantering Frukt-Trad, Buskar och Blomster Vaxter, som kunna vala Svenska Klimatu.(On planting fruit-bushes, and flowering vegetables, suitable to the Swedish climate.) Upsal, 180-. 4to.
3. Om Hackars Plantering tile Lervande Gardesgarder. (On planting Hedges,&c.) Upsal. 4to.
rsiva
Boos I
Suxs
century: Warsaw be considered
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1788. Sambours number 0 gardens, wit
. |
Descrip® nde la V2 petersburg: 81% 13, Lomon0s?
author
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7698. The only recorded|
1557. Herrera Libro di Agnew
HES, botanist, author others, of Figures Spain.
De Ja Jt Ceacias Natur
DUB
7699. A num agricultural tran: if the Society of tionary. Cobbet fure of the state
winters are mater
vol. ii. 1806. Mahon, The American Gard
Of the Profe
7100. By pro at different time by public lays,
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POLICE AND LAWS OF GARDENING.
Suxsecr. 6. Works on Gardening, published in Poland and Russia.
7697. Of original Polish or Russian books on gardening there are very few; but a number of translations were made in Poland during the early part of the 18th century. There are agricultural transactions published occasionally by a society at Warsaw, which, with the transactions of the Economical Society of St. Petersburgh, may be considered as the best books for obtaining some idea of the state of culture in these
countries.
1788. Samboursky, a Russian poet, author of a number of works chiefly in verse, and of a peem on gardens, which has been translated into French, with the title
Le jardins de Samboursky. 8vo.
1793. Georgi, a physician, and member of several learned societies.
Description de la Ville de St. Petersburg et de ses Environs. Petersburg. 8vo.
18—. Lomonosow, a Russian poet and miscellane- ous writer, author of a poem on glass, and the ad- vantages resulting from its use in a northern cli-
mate. The subject of hot-houses forms a consi- derable part of the poem.
1808. Czartoryska, Princess Isabella, a lady of one of the most ancient families in Poland in the royal line. She spent a considerable time in Eng- land, where she acquired a taste for the modern art of laying out grounds, introduced it on her es- tate at Lublin, and wrote the following work on the subject.
Mysli Rozne o Sposobie Zakladania Ogrodow,&c.(Thoughts on the manner of Planting Gardens.) Warsaw. 4to. plates.
Sunsecr. 7. Works on Gardening, published in Portugal and Spain.
7698. The transactions of the royal agricultural society at Madrid, are almost the only recorded source of obtaining any knowledge of the state of culture in Spain.
1557. Herrera, Gabriello Alphonso.
Libro di Agricultura. One book treats“ De las Huertas,” or of Gardens.
178-. Cavanilles, Antonio Joseph, an eminent botanist, author of various works, and_ among others, of Figures and Descriptions of the Plants of Spain.
De la Juncia avellanada, o’chufas de Valencia.(Annales de Ciexcias Naturales, tom. iii. 23
1807. Clemento y Rubio, Don Simon de Roxas.
Ensayo sobre las variedades de la Vid comun que vegetan en Andalusia. Madrid. 4to.
Translated into French by de Caumels of Toulouse.
1817. Anon.
Notice sur un Arbre a Sucre,(Arbutus Unedo?) découverte en Espagne.‘Traduit de l’Espagnole par D.A. Armesto. Paris. 5vo.
Suzsecr. 8. Works on Gardening, published in North America.
7699. A number of American essays are connected with gardening will be found in the
agricultural transactions of the Philadelphia
and New York societies, in the transactions
of the Society of Arts of New York, and in Dr. Dean’s New England Farmer's Dic- tionary. Cobbett’s American Gardener may be considered as affording a tolerable pic-
ture of the state of gardening in the United
States, where it appears the long and severe
winters are material drawbacks to every branch of the art.
1755. Belgrove, William.
A Treatise upon Husbandry and Planting. Boston, New England, 4to. pp. 56.
1785. Marshall, Humphrey.
The American Grove; a catalogue of the trees and shrubs which grow naturally in North America, with notices of their culture. New York. 8vo.
1790. Peterkin, Joshua.
A Treatise on Planting, from the origin of semen to ebulli-
tion, 2d edit. Bassaterre, St. Cristopher’s. 4to. 179-. Johnson, John B.
On the Culture of the Vine.(New York Soc. Transactions, vol. ii.)
1806. M‘*Mahon, B., an American seedsman. The American Gardener’s Kalendar. 12mo,
1810. Peters, Richard.
On Peach-trees.(Massachus. Soc. Trans. vol. ii. 48.)
1811. Hosack, David, M.D. F. R.S. LS.&e. professor of medicine in the university of the state of New York.
1. Hortus Elginensis. New York. 8vo. 2d edit.
2. Statement of Facts relative to the Elgin Botanic Garden. New York. 8vo- 1811.
1817. Coxe, William, Esq. of Burlington, in New Jersey.
View of the Cultivation of Fruit-trees, with the Management of Orchards and Cider, with accurate descriptions of the most estimable varieties of native and foreign Apples and other Fruits, cultivated in the United States of America. Philadel- phia. 8vo.
Cuar. V.
Of the Professional Police, and Public Laws relative to Gardeners and Gardening.
7700. By professional police, we mean those associations which gardeners have formed, at different times, for mutual benefit or instruction, or the improvement of their art;
by public laws, those of the legislature. 7701. A fraternity of gardeners, we have
already remarked, has long existed in Ger-
many as regularly organised as that of masonry. A fraternity also exists in France, but
less extensive and systematic. Their principal lodge is at Versailles; the confréres de St. Fiacre, being there, as Neill observes, to France, what‘ Adam’s lodge of Aberdeen is to Scotland.’‘[here are also a few similar fraternities in this country, who bold meetings, and have secret signs and other rites nearly similar to those of masonry; but these soci- eties have no systematic connection like those of Germany. From masonry they have undoubtedly taken their origin; but how, when, and where, and for what object, in the first instance, though we have corresponded with competent persons in all parts of the kingdom, we have been unable to ascertain.
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WS2 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV.
7702. The oldest gardeners’ lodges seem to be those in Aberdeenshire, and Adam’s lodge, held in the city of Aberdeen, is considered the oldest in Britain: there is another of nearly equal antiquity, called Solomon’s lodge, held in Banf. These lodges profess to be for the mutual instruction of the members in their art; for the assistance of brethren in distress; and for the benefit of travelling members.‘The first object is attained both by secret instructions, and also by competitory exhibitions of garden productions, as flowers and fruits; the second, by annual subscriptions, from which a fund is formed, managed by a committee of the society; and the third, by signs and pass-words, as in masonry. They have a general meeting, formal procession with symbols and flowers, and afterwards a feast, once a-year. There were formerly a number of gardeners’ lodges in Scotland, and there are still a few besides those of Aberdeen and Banf, but chiefly confined to the counties of Aberdeen, Forfar, and part of those adjoining.
7703. The principal Scotch gardeners’ lodge, though it has no connection or control over the others like the metropolitan masons’ lodge, is the Caledonian lodge of Edin- burgh, founded about the end of the last century: its object is the same as that of the Aberdeen lodge; butit has no shows of flowers, or other garden productions. Their meetings are respectable, their processions pompous, and their funds considerable.
7704. There are very few gardeners’ lodges in England; the only one of which we have been able to obtain any distinct account is“‘ Adam’s Lodge, of London,” founded June 4, 1781, of which the rules and orders have been published.‘This lodge is de- scribed in the Rules,&c. as a“ Fraternity or community for improving the art of Gardening; to establish a fund for the mutual support and relief of each other in the time of sickness, lameness, or distress; and also to ascertain the characters and abilities of such gardeners who shall belong to, or may be recommended by this society, to obviate the difficulty so commonly complained of by the nobility, gentry, and others, of obtaining skilful and experienced persons to undertake the employment.” At present it consists of about one hundred and fifty members, and is on the decline. The allowance to the sick or disabled has been gradually diminished from insufficiency of funds; and from having been originally fixed by a random guess, instead of estimations of the value of lives,&c. as ought to be done in all benefit societies.
7705. Gardeners’ charter... About the middle of the last century, Lee, Gordon, Rus- sel, and Malcolm, all Scotch gardeners, commenced their nurseries at Hammersmith, Mile-end, Lewisham, and Kennington. Their success excited the jealousy of the esta- blished commercial gardeners, who, between 1760 and 1770, held several meetings, and entered into resolutions not to employ young men from the north, These resolutions were not long adhered to; but a tract, entitled Adam armed(see p. 1106. A.D. 1760.), published by this association at the time, shows the extent of what they intended. From this tract it appears, that James I. had granted a charter to certain persons inhabiting within London, and six miles of it, who were capable to educate and instruct young men in the art of gardening. This charter was granted in the third year of this king’s reign, and renewed in the fourteenth; but in the tract alluded to it is stated never to have been put in force, and not to be sufficiently extensive; and therefore it is proposed, that a charter be granted to extend over the whole kingdom, to prevent mere laborers and other unqualified persons from assuming the profession of gardeners, and thereby doing“ great injury to the nobi- lity’s and gentry’s gardens and plantations,” as well as to proprietors who let ground to such as“ undertake to furnish the market with eatables.” Only a certain number of gardeners were to be licensed to take apprentices, and of these the number was to be limited,&c. This attempt at monopoly of skill does not appear to have met with serieus attention, and all that resulted from the association, as far as we have been able to learn (from a gardener, Duncan, upwards of 90 years of age), was the partial exclusion, for< year or two, of young Scotchmen from a few of the nurseries and gentlemen’s gardens near town, which were managed by Englishmen.
7706. The origin of florists’ societies we have not been able to discover. It is more than probable that meetings for the display of fine flowers and the estimation of their merits, were first held at Norwich, where, as Sir J. E. Smith informs us(Supp. Encyc. Brit. art. Bot. 336.), a love of flowers, and a great degree of skill in their culture, had been intro- duced into that city with its worsted manufactures, about the middle of the sixteenth cen- tury. At all events, there were florists’ feasts held there so early as 1637; a play called Rhodon and Tris, being extant, which was acted before the company in that year. (Linn. Trans. vol. ii. p. 226.) The next florists’ meetings, it is probable, sprang up about London; and Nathaniel Rench, of Fulham, is said(faulconer’s Historical Account of Fulham) to have been the first who established them, probably about the end of the seventeenth century. According to Davey, florist, King’s Road, whose father was also an eminent florist, and lived to be upwards of ninety years of age, the florists’ feasts and meetings were at their greatest height about London, between 1740 and 1770. They were then attended by many noblemen and gentlemen, as the horticultural societies are at pre- sent. They declined towards the end of the last century, but have since revived, and are
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Boox II. FUTURE PROGRESS OF GARDENING. 1133
at present rather on the increase. The florists’ meetings, and those of gooseberry-growers in Lancashire and the adjoining counties, are very numerous, and rather on the increase. When they were first adopted in that part of England is not exactly known. From the best accounts we have been able to collect, they were in vogue there in 1760, and are re- collected so far back as 1740. Some florists’ societies existed in Edinburgh during the latter end of the last century; and on one of these the Caledonian Horticultural Society was founded.‘The principal florists’ societies in Scotland are at Paisley.
7707. The principal modern societies for the encouragement of gardening are, the London and Caledonian Horticultural Societies, whose transactions are so frequently referred to in this work.
7708. There are few public laws specially formed for the two first branches of garden- ing, horticulture and floriculture; the general laws being quite sufficient for their pro- tection. Robbing of orchards or gardens, of fruit growing therein, is punishable crimi- nally by whipping, small fines, imprisonment, and satisfaction to the parties wronged, according to the nature of the offence.(43 Eliz. c. 7.)
7709, There are a number of acts relative to arboriculture, and especially against the cutting down of young trees.(See Tomlins’s Law Dict. vol. ii. art. Timber.)
BOOK II. OF THE FUTURE PROGRESS OF GARDENING IN BRITAIN.
7710. The improvement of gardening, like that of every art or commodity, necessarily depends on demand and production.‘These causes operate reciprocally on each other: a nicety of taste in the purchase of vegetables and fruits exposed in public markets, will occa- sion articles of better quality being brought there; and articles of a superior quality, by improving and rendering more fastidious the taste of the purchaser, will ensure the conti- nuance of their production. In like manner, if those who have private gardens were a little more difficult to please in selecting a gardener, and in the quality of the produce sent to table, the consequence would be, an improvement in that produce, and more scientific gardeners. More scientific gardeners would surprise and delight, by their superior fruits and flowers, and the greater order, beauty, and high keeping of their gardens; and the habits of both parties accommodating themselves to this improved state of things, would be the ground on which to rely for its continuance. In this view of the subject, the fu- ture progress of gardening depends on two causes; the improvement of the taste of the patrons of gardening; and the improvement of the science and art of practical gardeners.
— ae
Cuar. I.
Of the Improvement of the Taste of the Patrons of Gardening. nent is the characteristic of civilised man, and implies progressive ad- vances. Men rest satisfied with what they have, when they know of nothing better; and therefore, one of the frst sources of improvement in the taste of the patrons of gardening, whether of the tradesman who has recourse to the public market, or the private gentleman who is in possession of a garden, is the increase of knowledge. The wealthy tradesmen of Dublin and Edinburgh should look into Covent Garden market in London; and, not to mention fruits, and forced or exotic productions, let them compare the cauliflowers and salading of the three markets. Those who have once acquired a taste for such salads of endive as are afforded in the London market throughout the winter, would not very readily reconcile themselves to the acetarious productions of Dublin and Glasgow during that season.
7712. The ignorance of the proper mode of cooking vegetables, and especially of dressing salads, which exists among the middling classes, is another retarding cause. A French laborer, out of a few leaves of dandelion and wild sorrel, which may be gathered by the hedge-sides anywhere, and almost at any time, will produce, merely by the aid of the common condiments, what the wives of the greater number of respectable British trades- men have no idea of. There can be no great demand for a thing, of which the use is not thoroughly understood; and, therefore, an improvement in the knowledge and practice of cooking must take place among a certain class before much can be expected in the quantity, kind, or quality of the gardening articles which they commonly consume.
7711. Improver
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1134 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Ne wats
; 7713. The more general use of dessert fruit among the middling classes, is another requi- site wanting for the improvement of horticulture in Scotland and Ireland. If fruit, phy- siologically considered, is less wholesome after dinner than before it(which is question- able), it is at least more so than where drinking is substituted in its place.‘To prolong the period of eating, and the conversation of female society, are not only objects nich afford immediate satisfaction; but, by moderating the use of stimulating liquors, tend to ensure future health. But, even in England, where a dessert is universal among the in- dependent class, there is a great want of nicety of taste: fruit is valued by many only as a symptom of the presence of wine: others contentedly use pears and plums that would be rejected at the most common French déjeuné; and many rest satisfied with melons and grapes, who, at almost no additional expense, might have pine-apples. Wherever the litter of four horses is at command, pine-apples may be grown in Baldwin’s manner (2649. and 2698.&c.) with very little trouble to the gardener, and, indeed, at much less trouble than trying to have very early cucumbers or melons. But why speak of pines, when not one family in a hundred are properly supplied with mushrooms, which ought to be on the table in some form, every day in the year. Ona small scale, the grand secret is, to employ a gardener who knows his business; and to direct his attention less to raising or- dinary productions at extraordinary seasons, than to raising first-rate crops of everything in due season. Ona larger scale, all ordinary and extraordinary things should be at- tempted that art and wealth can accomplish.
7714. A taste for fine flowers and rare erotics must be preceded by some knowledge of plants, or a taste for scientific botany, and the history, geography, and uses of plants. These branches of knowledge may be considered as gaining ground. A good deal also depends on the fashion of using flowers as chamber ornaments, and on having green-houses attached to dwellings; both are most agreeable and rational luxuries; and it is much to be desired that a taste for them was more general, especially in‘provincial towns, and in the cities of Scotland and Ireland.
7715. The taste for planting has attained a greater height, during the last twenty years, than any other department of gardening; the beneficial consequences of which are already powerfully felt in Scotland, and the exposed parts of England. An essential requisite in this department is attention to the future management, thinning, and pruning of plantations.
7716. The taste for landscape-gardening has been nearly dormant in England, during the last thirty years; in Scotland it has been more active, but not of the purest kind; little has been done in Ireland generally, though there are some patriots there, who have been active in improvement. A taste for deer-parks is not common in Scotland; and rare in Ireland. A park in Scotland is a grass field; and what in that country corresponds with the park of a mansion in England is a number of green enclosures lying contiguous to each other, and surrounded by strips or rows of trees. In Ireland a mansion and park is a naked house, in a naked grass field, surrounded by a stone wall. There are excep- tions in both countries; and many lawns or sheep-parks in Scotland of considerable beauty. Besides, a union of pasturable wooded enclosures, as a park, may be very well defended on the principle of utility; but there can be no defence of the naked parks of Ireland.
7717. The taste for public gardens, as promenades and botanic gardens, seems on the increase; but unfortunately these are seldom founded on a sufficiently secure basis. The funds of the recently established botanic gardens have been generally raised by the sub- scriptions of a certain number of individuals, to whom, and to certain annual subscribers, the garden is alone accessible. Perhaps it would be better, if, as in the case of public promenades, the funds were raised by the whole town or community, and the garden thrown open to all, like that of Paris. Public umbrageous promenades, either equestrian or pedestrian, are very desirable additions to all congregations of houses.
7718. Choice of a gardener. Very much of the comforts and pleasures which a private gentleman derives from his garden, and garden-scenery, depends on the qualifications of the gardener which he employs to manage them. It was formerly the practice, in hooks of gardening, to give directions to gentlemen how to choose a gardener. These might have been of use when the qualities desired differed little from those sought for in a com- mon laborer; such as sufficient strength and health, and good morals, disposition, temper, &c. But every master can judge of these and other similar points; and for any gentle- man who has not a knowledge of gardening to go further, would be more dangerous than useful. We are clearly of opinion, that in almost every case the best mode is to apply to a respectable nurseryman; to describe to him the sort of garden and garden-scenery to be managed, and the sort of productions desired, and to rely on his recommending a fit per- son for accomplishing the intended objects. If this person should not turn out so well as was expected, the nurseryman will be in some degree responsible for his conduct, and will feel doubly anxious to replace him by a more competent person.
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Boox II. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1135
Cuar. II. Of the Education of Gardeners.
7719. By education is generally understood that portion of knowledge which is obtained at schools; but we shall here use the term in a somewhat more extended sense, and con- sider it as the means which may be employed to render man competent for performing the part which he undertakes to perform in life with increased satisfaction to himself and others. Education may thus be considered as extending to everything which operates on the body or mind, from the earliest period of our existence to the final extinction of life. With this object in view, we shall consider in succession the professional, intellectual, moral, religious, physical, and economical education of gardeners, previously submitting some general remarks,
Sect. I. On the degree of Knowledge which may be attained by Practical Men, and on the General Powers of the human Mind, as to Attainments.
7720. The knowledge of languages, history, geography, arts, sciences, and literature, which a gardener daily occupied with his profession may acquire, provided he begins at the commencement of his apprenticeship, and continues to employ his leisure hours in reading till he is twenty or twenty-five years of age, is by no means inconsiderable: not that he can, or need become learned; but, if desirous, he may become generally intelli- gent; render himself fit, as far as conversation is concerned, for good society; prove in- structive and entertaining to others by his conversation; and provide a reserve fund of enjoyment for himself, by laying up a store of ideas for reflection in misfortune, disease, or old age.
7721. The terms knowledge and ignorance are entirely relative: the knowledge of a modern chemist’s porter would have subjected him to be hanged and burned in the days of the first popes; and any brick- layer’s laborer who reads the London newspapers, has more correct ideas on the principles of political eco- nomy than nine tenths of the nobility in Russia and Spain. It is impossible to set limits to the knowledge which may be obtained by those who are destined even to the most severe and constant labor. The intel- ligence of the miners in Scotland and Sweden may be referred to as proofs. The miners at Leadhills have a regular library and reading society; and the works they make choice of are not only histories, voyages, travels,&c. but even works of taste, such as the British classics, and best novels and romances.‘The de- gree to which knowledge will prevail among any class of laboring men, will depend jointly on their own am- bition; on the demand for, or reputation in which, knowledge is held; and on the opportunities of acquiring it. A dull, stupid person, with little native activity, will never desire to know more than what enables him to supply the ordinary wants of life. Where the workmen of any art are required to have technical know- ledge of any particular kind, they will be found invariably to possess it. Thus carpenters and masons re- quire some knowledge of the mechanical principles of architecture, and working engineers of the strength of materials; and these kinds of knowledge are acquired by them without an hour’s interruption of their daily labor: on the contrary, the habit of evening study renders them more steady, sober, and industrious than other workmen; than bricklayers and paper-hangers, for example, whose employments require much less intellectual skill. If every cook-maid, before she could obtain a first-rate place, were required to be able to read Apicius Redivivus in the original tongue, there would be no want of learned cooks; and if no gardener could obtain a first-rate situation who had not written a thesis in Greek, or who had not made the tour of Europe, there would soon be found abundance of gardeners so qualified. A Caledonian, when he comes to the low country, soon acquires the English tongue, and if he has been taught Latin, thus knows three languages. The servants at the inns on some parts of the Continent, frequented by different nations, often acquire a moderate knowledge of three or four languages. A late custom-house officer on the island of Cronstadt spoke and wrote ten languages; and the bar-maid, at the hotel(de Londres) at which we lodged in Moskwa, in 1814, could make herself intelligible in Swedish, Russian, Polish, German, French, Italian, and English.
7722. The certain way of obtuining anything ts to be impressed with the necessity of possessing it; either to avoid the evil of being without it; to satisfy the desires of others as to ourselves; or, our own desires. There is scarcely anything that a rational man can desire that he may not obtain, by maintaining on his mind a powerful impression of the necessity of obtaining it; pursuing the means of attainment with un- ceasing perseverance, and keeping alive that enthusiasm and ardor which always accompany powerful de- sires. Even the most extravagant desires, when sufficiently powerful, are often gratified. To attain emi- nence, as a literary character, natural or experimental philosopher, mathematician, divine, lawyer, or physician, it is only necessary to have a powerful desire tor that kind of eminence, and to apply unceasingly to the subject, and to that alone. All may not acquire, by the same degree of labor, the same degree of eminence; but any man by labor may attain a knowledge of all that is already known on any subject, and that degree of knowledge is respectable; what many never attain to, and what few go beyond.
7723. The grand drawback to every kind of improvement is the vulgar and degrading idea that certain things are beyond our reach; whereas, everything is attainable by the employment of means; and nothing, not even the knowledge of a common laborer, with- out it. There are many things which it is not desirable to wish for, and which are only desired by men of extraordinary minds; but let no man fancy anything is impossible to him, for this is the bane of all improvement. Let no young gardener, therefore, who reads this, even if he can but barely read, imagine that he may not become eminent in any of the pursuits of life or departments of knowledge, much less in that of his profes- sion: let him never lose sight of this principle,— that to desire and apply is to attain, and that the attainment will be in proportion to the application.
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1136 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV.
Sxcr. IT. Of the Professional Education of Gardeners.
7724. In order that a professional man should eacel as such, every other acquirement must be kept subservient to that of his profession. No branch of knowledge should be pursued to any extent, that either of itself, or by the habits of thinking to which it gives rise, tends to divert the mind from the main object of pursuit. Something, it is true, is due to relaxation in every species of acquirement; but judicious relaxation only serves to whet the appetite for the vigorous pursuit ef the main object. By the professional edu- cation of gardeners, we mean that direction of their faculties by which they will best ac- quire the science and manual operations of gardening: and we shall suppose the young man to be instructed, to have no other scholastic education than some knowledge of arithmetic, and the first problems of geometry and land surveying. The sort of garden which ought to be the scene of the days of apprenticeship should, if it can be so foreseen and arranged, be that which the learner is ultimately intended to possess or manage. As the great majority of young men who learn this art, are intended for serving-gardeners to private families; a private garden, where every department is respectably conducted, is the best to begin with. Here, or in any other garden in which he may be placed, he will have to learn the names of things, their uses in gardening, how to use them in the best manner singly, and how to combine their use in performing the different operations of gardening.
7725. The grand foundation for every kind of acquirement, is the cultivation of the facul- ties of attention and memory. Unless we pay attention to what is addressed to us, whether by the eye or the ear, it is impossible we can remember, because the sight or sound has made no impression on the memory, and without memory, there can be no knowledge.
7726. Many pass through life without seeing or hearing anything but what immediately concerns their avo- cations. It is a common thing for a person to walk out and return without being able to describe, or even mention, any one thing he has seen; or to read a newspaper without being able to tell what he has read, farther than to give some vague idea of the subject. All this is the result of neglecting to rouse and exert the faculty of attention; or of limiting our attention to one single object or class of objects. One of the first things, therefore, that a young man should do, is to cultivate the facuity of attention, which he may do every hour of the day, by first looking at an object, and then shutting his eyes and trying whether he recollects its magnitude, form, color,&c.; whether he would know it when he saw it again, and by what mark or marks he would know it or describe it. When he goes from one part of the garden to another, or is on a walk or journey, let him pay that degree of attention to everything he sees and hears, which will enable him to give some account of them when returned from his walk or journey; and let him try next day, or some days afterwards, if he can recollect what he had seen then, or at any particular time and place.
7127. The attention must be exercised systematically, in order not only to impress the memory, and enable the observer or hearer to recollect objects, but to describe them. A thing or a discourse must be attended to, not only as a whole, but as a composition of parts; and these parts must be considered not only as to their qualities of dimension, color, consistency,&c., but as to their relative situation and position.
7728. To be able to give an account of a town or village, for example, the first thing is to get a general idea of the outline of its ground-plan, which may be done by looking from a church-tower or adjoining hill; next, its relative situation to surrounding objects; as what hills, or woods, or waters join it, and in what quarters; next, the direction of the leading street or streets must be noticed; then the intersecting or se- condary streets; the principal public buildings; the principal private ones; where the lowest houses and narrowest streets are situated; and what is the character of the greater number of houses composing the whole assemblage.
7729. To be able to recal to mind or to describe the figure of any person before us for the first time, it is necessary to attend to height, either absolute, by estimation in feet and inches; or comparatively with our own, or that of any other person or object present at the time; to figure or shape generally, as whether tending to excellence or detect; then to hands and feet, gait, manner,&c.; and, above all, to the form or outline of the countenance, the complexion, and other details of the face. One untutored person looking at another with a view to recollect or describe him, would only stare; but an attentive and systematic ob- server would survey both the party generally and in detail, and in such an order as would readily occur to the mind on reflection. He would not, for example, after estimating the height, proceed next to the color of the eyebrows, but would take the breadth and shape, as more congenial to the accustomed train of ideas, The young gardener will apply these hints to recollection of parks, pleasure-grounds, walled gardens, hot- houses, and also to the study and recollection of individual plants.
7730. To be able to recollect and relate written or oral discourses, the same general principles will apply; the first thing is to attend to the object in view, and next to the order or form in which the whole is pro- posed to be treated of or delivered; lastly, to the manner in which the details are filled up.::
7731. The study of natural history and drawing are well adapted for improving the faculties of attention and memory. The former by its systematic arrangement, and the precision of its details, tends to habits of order, accuracy, and distinctness, and to the ready discrimination and recollection of single or na- tural objects: the latter contributes to the same end, and also to the recollection of objects in groups or combinations. Hence, the importance of a gardener’s attending to botany, zoology, and drawing, even with a view to general improvement, independently of their special utility in his profession.
7732. The recollection of names and numbers is a more mechanical process than the re- collection of objects. Names are either descriptive, that is, when they consist of a word, or are composed of words which describe something of the object to which they are ap- plied, as Longtown or Hillhouse; or they are arbitrary, meaning nothing, or nothing now known or definable, as William, Thomas,&c. The first are of easy recollection, because, even though the object may never have been seen, its image may be presented to the imagination by the name, as a town of great length, and a house on a hill top 5 the second are only to be recollected by seeing the objects to which they are applied, and then associating in the mind the name with the thing; or by seeing the description or portraiture of the objects, and associating the name with these; or by finding a resem-
jot I itnce betwee” a5; Nee
mn ip 33 The pr inci jee the eyo Jenges oe; the or
Jioious mall, as cernblance betweel eo: orif Lhave Te 1 have greypennys most probably Hp son,| immediately a Highland mal 7734, Figure bers not exceed sponding Linne sent to the frult- of Syngenesia an use of the terms| will be Cryptoga and soon, 10a tas no advantages mardener to whon period of his life, artificial systems. figure of any kno think of Osmunda and a carrot-leaf, Yarcissus triandru ing these plants in ina day, he may t them, to place a p
7135, Number ation in imaginati or by Seton's me going through th some particular| they are acquain of paper, or agai able, after the la: described,
7136. Themen ing the postures the letters of the| Some useful hint ject, and especial] but the machinen ing deal in a sho When not in con TST. The uses of the implements, In performing the I OR how to use th trathin, derivat Utonale ofthe form sal TL of this wor! ; tigen carpenter He Le wes of t
"» OMething mor ery, Medicine, chemi
of
Parp lV,
aurement Sal be WOChit oye a , al ssp feu ety. Y il best ae Ose the Young Knonlege« ort of arden be so foreseen ‘Tuanage, As o-oatdeners to conducted, 9 Place el se them in the erent operations
ton ofthe fou Al tous, whether sht or sound his 10 knowledge,
ly concerns ther cw. to describe, or even ll what hehas read, ng to rouseand exert cbjects One of the tion, which be may id tryug whether he tapan and by what garden to anther or nd beats, which will and let hm try nest pati time and
ememory,and enable urce rust be attend sidered not only at and position,
isto get agent i rer or adjoining hil join i, and in the intersecting ot the lowest hows houses compoxigl
forthe first ae onmparatinelp ta a agnelet ove allt efit rytored person Dl ive and se would ready 0! yee nest ole ustomed tran swale goes” pil igh thera piv ed Up. e fail tails, tea cin groups ot objet 6
gy gs
Book II. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1137
ieicaag pha the new name and a known name, as William, wild yam; Thomas, to mass,&c.
7733. The principal names which a gardener has to recollect are those of plants; to assist him in this know ledge, the etymologies of all the generic names, and of the specific names, which are substantives is of rreat advantage; the ordinary specific names being adjectives, are easily understood and recollected. The genie names of plants and animals are of three kinds; those composed of words indicating something of the na- ture, or appearance, or uses, of the plant, as Gypsophylla, Helianthus, Linum,&c.; those composed of the name of some eminent individual, as Hellenia, Gordonia, or after some town, as Colchicum; and those composed of native or local names, as Ellettari, Acacia: the first are of easy recollection, because the na- tural soil, the sight of the flower, or the recollection of its image or its uses, will recal to mind the name; the second may be recollected by considering who the name-father was, and by associating his figure and some action of his life, real or imaginary, with a specimen of the plant. Thus Gordon was a nurseryman at Mile-end, a short, lame, sailor-looking man, who dressed in blue trowsers, chewed tobacco, and was without offspring; it is easy to imagine his wife reproaching him with the last circumstance, while he points to Gordonia Lasianthus. All those names, whether of science, or those which occur in the common intercourse of life, as of persons and places, are to be recollected on the same principle; that is, either by the name itself calling up an image, by its resemblance to some other name already known, or by forming an association between it and some known or familiar visible object; and the more ludicrous the associ- ation, the better will it be recollected.{In forming these associations, it is essential that the object em- ployed to aid the memory be one capable of being seen; to associate any particular object with a sound smell, touch, or taste, would give little aid to the memory; and to associate it with abstract nouns or ideas, none at all.“If 1am told that the Dutch merchant Schimmelphenninck was a very wealthy or re- ligious man, that will not assist me in recollecting his long name; but if I say to myself there is some re- semblance between Schimmelphenninck anda skim-milk-pen-and-ink, the resemblance may enable me to do so; orif I have recourse toa Dutch dictionary, and discover that schimmel is grey, and phenninck a penny i have greypenny, as a synonym, which, with the operations the mind has undergone in getting at it, will most probably impress the original name on the memory. If a Highlander tells me his name is Macpher- son, I immediately interpret it mac-pearson— mac parson,— son of a parson— son of a Catholic priest and a Highland maid.”
7734. Figures may be recollected by gardeners with readiness and certainty. For all num- bers not exceeding 24 they have only to associate the figure with the name of the corre- sponding Linnzan class, or with one of the plants of it. Thus, if a lad in a nursery is sent to the fruit-tree ground for plants of number 19 and 21 of pears, he has only to think of Syngenesia and Moneecia. For all numbers exceeding 24, and under 250, he may make use of the terms of the first ten orders, in addition to the 24 classes; and thus, No. 241 will be Cryptogamia monogynia, 249 Cryptog. enneagynia, 208 Gynandria octogynia, and so on.‘To any one but a gardener or botanist, this mode of recolJecting numbers has no advantages over any ordinary system of artificial memory; but as there can be no gardener to whom these classes and orders are not perfectly familiar during the whole period of his life, or at least of his practice as a gardener, to him it is superior to all the artificial systems. It is easy to add to the certainty of remembrance by associating the figure of any known plant or plants belonging to the class or order; thus, for 24 he may think of Osmunda regalis, for 245 Osmunda regalis and Daucus carota, or a fern-frond and a carrot-leaf, for 16,213 he may think of a nosegay composed of a Canna glauca, Narcissus triandrus, Olea fragrans, and Rosa provincialis, or he may fancy himself plant-
‘ing these plants in a row or in a pot. If a gardener rides through twenty turnpike-gates
in a day, he may recollect the pass-number of them all. He has only, in passing through them, to place a pot of the indicating plants on each of their gate-posts.
7735. Numbers may also be recollected by gardeners by their going through the oper- ation in imagination, of cutting them ona number-stick, either by the common(fig. 160.), or by Seton’s method.(fig. 161.) Names may be recollected in like manner, by their going through the operation mentally, of writing or printing them, or writing them in some particular hand, or imagining how some particular friend, with whose handwriting they are acquainted, would write them.‘They may be supposed to be written on any scrap of paper, or against the day of the month in a common pocket-book, or what is prefer- able, after the last entry made in the pocket memorandum-book(7741.), to be afterwards described.
7736. Thememory, both as to figures and words, may also be materially assisted by study- ing the postures of the human figure, corresponding to the first ten Italic numerals, and the letters of the Roman alphabet. Plates of these are to be had in the juvenile libraries. Some useful hints on the subject of memory will be found in Feinagle’s work on the sub- ject, and especially in a tract by Jackson, in which Feinagle’s system is greatly improved; but the machinery of both systems, though they enable a student to recollect an astonish- ing deal in a short time, yet, like other complicated machinery, it soon goes out of order when not in constant use. It is, therefore, unfit for practical men.
7731. The uses of things and their history, is the next thing which a gardener has to acquire.‘The uses of the implements, tools, utensils, and machines of gardening, he will acquire by manually exercising them in performing the labors and operations of gardening under the direction of his master. He should not only know how to use them, but how to use them in the best manner; and also the history of each implement or machine, derivation of its name, why one form is preferable to another; in short, he should know the rationale of the formation and operation of all of them. The essential part of this he may acquire by reading Part II. of this work, and the rest from the study of the principles of mechanics, and by conversing with intelligent carpenters, millwrights, and engineers.
7738. The uses of the commoner garden plants he will find III., something more he will find in Book IV., and for the rest he ery, Medicine, chemistry, and farming, which go more into detail. I
in the third part of this work, Books L,, II., and must have recourse to books on cook- Much information on all the arts con-
nent
—— SSS
1138 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Part IV.
nected with the vegetable world will be found in our Encyclopedia of Plants, and in the Encyclopedia of Agriculture,
_ 7739. The study of systematic and physiological botany must go hand in hand with prac- tical acquirements; for which, and also for forming an herbarium, he will find general information in Part II. Book I., and for more minute details, he may consult the authors there referred to. Some idea of vegetable chemistry and geology he will‘obtain from Books I., II., and IV. of Part II.; and also of the different insects and yermin which are enemies to gardens and garden-productions. The study of landscape-gardening, as being the highest part of the profession, should not be attempted till the apprentice has made himself master of the three departments which precede it.
7740. A knowledge of the weather and the seasons, so as, in some degree, to be able to predict them from signs, is an important part of a gardener’s acquirements. Our obsery- ations in Part II. Book II. will aid him in this study, and he should also keep a weather- book, or naturalist’s journal, such as we have already suggested.(2349.)
7741. A pocket memorandum-book, for taking notes of everything interesting, whether professional or general, is a useful help to the young gardener. He should begin this sort of memorandum-book with his leaving school; and he will probably find it useful to continue it all his life after. Its size should be small octavo, to suit the pocket; it requires no ruling, but a line across the page half an inch from the top. In writing on one page, the opposite one should always be lett blank for corrections and additions, for sketches, or for taking down temporary memorandums in pencil. The following may be considered as a specimen, in which it is to be particularly observed, that a margin is left on the written page, on which margin each article is begun with a word written or printed in large letters. These words, thus conspicuously placed, serve as an index to each article, and in future reference will be found of material use, as they can be glanced over like the words in a dictionary. Any thing to be inserted, should always be done instantly, or never later than the same day. If it is done out of doors, it may be written on the blank page in pencil, and afterwards copied on the opposite page in ink.
Pocket Memorandum-Book of J+ Gott, Apprentice, at Aubrey Hall.— January 27th and 28th, 1821,
27th. PEAS.— Last night’s frost and this day’s sun have killed These were covered with drill hand-glasses, and the crop the peas in the south border: but those sown in the is now, June 2d, fit to gather. north side of the wattled hurdles escaped, being shaded from the sun. LIZARD.— Caught a new species, and took it to Twigg. N.B.—It turned out to be only the common lizard It had no tail, which convinced him it must be a(Lacerta vulgaris, Linn.) which had lost its tail by some
distinct species. an accident, and the wound had healed over. 28th.
ROSES.— Idea of a conic iron tree, covered with any of
the climbing roses, all over inoculated with monthly
roses.
PARSNEPS.— Gurkin O’Doolittle caught distilling par- snep whiskey in the tan-shed: discharged without a character. His still two watering-pots placed top to top, and closed with a wet cloth: the top kept cool by pouring water on it.
NEW IDEAS.— Torriel Joss, the parson, called; says Mem.—Cobbler’s name White, lives two doors from the there are two ways of getting new ideas; by shuf- Cat and Fiddle. fling what ideas we have together, like a pack of cards,(which is to be done by a free glass of wine, opium, or tobacco,) when new combinations may occur to the mind accidentally: or by a studied selection of ideas suitable to the subject on which it is desired to invent, which can only be done by scientific persons, as Sir H. Davy in his invention of the safety-lamp.|
7742. Apprentices are often required to keep a written journal of work done in the garden for their own use, and this may be advisable in cases where no regular books are kept by the master; but where such books and tables are kept as we have recommended(2338. to 2350.), the apprentice performing his part in making entries in, and daily seeing them, need keep no other books for his own improvement than a na- turalist’s kalendar(2349.) and the journal or memorandum-book just described. In the last he can enter such facts belonging to gardening as are commonly entered in gardeners’ journals.
7743. Progress when a journeyman. An apprentice, besides studying his art in the garden of his master, should, as often as may be, visit those of his neighbors, and observe what is going on there. His apprenticeship completed, he should move to a different part of the country, performing the journey leisurely on foot; botanising and collecting insects and minerals, and visiting every distinguished garden on his way. When he settles, it should be in a different kind of garden to that in which he was before, and there he should continue a year, and then remove and travel to another part of the country, and settle there a year, and so on as already suggested(7380.), till he attains his twenty-fifth year, when he may undertake the situation of master. During the whole period in which he is jour- neyman, he should be steadily and unceasingly employed in improving himself, first in his own art, and the branches of knowledge, as botany, natural history, chemistry, weather, &c. on which it more immediately depends; and next, if his ambition permits, on general subjects of literature, arts, and sciences.
Sect. LII. Of the Intellectual Education which a Gardener may give himself, independently of acquiring his Profession.
7744. Self-education may be carried to a greater extent by a gardener than by almost
any other artisan No gardener, in our opinion, ought to be employed as a master
under the age of twenty-five years. Suppose him, therefore, to be put an apprentice at
colleges*® four o'clock:' bor; i the lor consid years Dividin have eight hout the practice ot shis time for st the generality( ference very 12 hours more fo1 hour; dinner@ soon be unable six hours; Wl the same numb year, It is tru ing but that 1 vires in the gal lis health forbid ve think it will much time as stu
truth
745, The branche branch of knowledge erery professional m excel in any one br the degree that circl thing else, it is impo ng abundance of
ible, for exa having an opportun polis, He may, how
ako in the other bra duction to its place 1 should be expert at ¢ of mathemati cables though we a there are published
7746, The source from books; with s and learning wher facturers of every displaying human Whose wages are of them; and make i mentary works; ai lend his apprentice will generally be fi TAL. The sorts( acquirements, such advancement of the cyclopadia, One country libraries ar till a well executed cuted), finds its wa
T148. The studies the mind, before it To improve by rea course; to recog commencement. tg alteady dwelt on: help is the study St0Us of improvin llave a tolerable} of thinking, It is iterature, applying loreligion, weathe tsons who read a wetabituated to vi dency, Al: they think hie read to such me
Parry,} Boox II. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1139 i Enyelopetia of i fifteen, he has ten years in which to acquire his profession, and generally to improve him- al vith race self. In that period he may not only acquire his profession, but, according to the extent fod general of his ambition and application, a considerable degree of knowledge on almost every i a he authors subject. Everything, as we have more than once observed, depends on his ambition; Ii il hn rom without this he will not even acquire his profession, and at all events will find no leisure| Yerin mich time for any other kind of improvement. When we consider, however, that the labor of gating, 45 a gardener is not severe, and that it is only during the hours of daylight, the time he has| € apprentice has for self-improvement is very considerable. It may surprise some when we state, that this| time equals(taking the whole year), that employed in study by professional students at 4 ee, tobe alley colleges. A gardener, in the shortest day, begins work at eight o’clock and leaves off at Our cbse. four o’clock; which, allowing two hours for breakfast and dinner, gives six hours of la-; Keep a weather bor; in the longest day he works only ten hours, and therefore it will not be far from the§ | truth to consider eight hours per day as the average duration of his labor throughout the’= opine| year.— Dividing the twenty-four hours which compose the day in three equal parts, we 7 nim bck with his have eight hours for rest, dressing, and undressing; eight hours for labor, and acquiring| a 4 sie shoul te smal( the practice of gardening; and eight hours for refreshment and study. On comparing J Hanne this time for study with that which is usually devoted to it by young men at college; not Eee ad dered asain, the generality of young men, but those even who attain to eminence; we will find the dif-| De 40 wih maga eh ference very inconsiderable. The student requires the same time for rest, and at least two|\] Teenie hours more for dressing and undressing(say ten hours); for breakfast he requires an Oy fe| be dn tan hour; dinner and tea, at least three hours; and for exercise(which if he neglects he will a ee ean page in pe soon be unable to study at all), at least two hours; in all, for exercise and refreshment, ase| six hours; which added to ten of rest and dressing, gives eighteen hours, leaving exactly{ the same number of hours for study which every gardener has, taking the average of the 3,1 year. It is true the eight hours of the gardener are subject to the time employed in eat- i 5 ing; but that may well be considered as compensated by the knowledge of botany he ac-| Tank gases a quires in the garden during his hours of labor. Add also, that the gardener may(unless| | his health forbid) draw still more time than we have mentioned from the hours of sleep; aye oma S| we think it will not be denied, that, taking all circumstances into consideration, he has as See| much time as studious men, taking the average of the year, usually devote to study.
7745. The branches of education best deserving a gardener’s attention are next to be considered. As one
branch of knowledge is as much as any person ever does or can excel in, and as that branch, in the case of | every professional man, ought to be his profession, it seems to us that a gardener ought not to attempt to| | excel in any one branch of science besides that of gardening; but rather to make himself acquainted, to Wd | the degree that circumstances may permit, with the whole cycle of human knowledge. If he attempts any/
| thing else, it is impossible, isolated as he must be, in comparison with others who study the same subject , lives two Gas a) among abundance of books and fellow-laborers, that he can attain to the highest degree of eminence. It} is impossible, for example, that he can arrive at great perfection, even in the study of botany, from not having an opportunity of consulting the herbariums and books which are only to be found in the metro- polis. He may, however, and ought to, attain a respectable degree of knowledge, not only in botany, but also in the other branches of natural history: such for example as will enable him to refer any natural pro-|
duction to its place in the Linnzan system, and describe scientifically any new production. But that he= should be expert at chemical analysis, dissection of animals, solving problems in any of the higher branches|\ of mathematics, or excel in painting, music, or poetry, is what we by no means propose, Or think practi- i oN cable; though we are convinced he may know something of all those subjects, and of all others on which 1 re there are published books.‘ anaes al : en ore 7746. The source from which he is to.derive his general knowledge, it may easily be conceived, is chiefly] 7 my in at jen tt from books; with such aid as opportunity offers from professional men, public lectures, men of talents i— he mastet; oth and learning wherever he has an opportunity of conversing with them; artists, artisans, and manu-| g ntie peor facturers of every description; and also manufactories, engines, mines, dock-yards, and all other works\ i jmproveel vena| displaying human skill. But the grand source is books, and the question is how a journeyman gardener,|( 1. Inthe lat EE\ whose wages are often Jess than those of a common laborer, is to procure them? Our answer is, borrow i*. als, them; and make it a fixed rule to purchase no books excepting grammars, dictionaries, and other ele- i— + hsatl mentary works; and of these used or cheap copies. The head gardener will always be able and willing to MN studying J oT) lend his apprentices and journeymen a certain number of books; and the patron under whom they serve, i. neighbors anh will generally be found equally liberal.; Z: re difert 7747. The sorts of books desirable to borrow, independently of those connected with the professional Ud eines acquirements, such as treatises on Chemistry, Zoology, Mineralogy,&c. will depend on the degree of 1 ng and cet, advancement of the student. But that which we are of opinion cannot be dispensed with, is a good en- q y whet i cyclopedia. One systematically instead of alphabetically arranged would be the best; but as most‘ aye sohestl country libraries are now stocked with the Encyclopedia Brit. or Rees’s Cyclopedia, these must be taken\ f ore, a othe till a well executed one on the plan of the Encyclopedia Metropolitana, now publishing(but badly exe-! Ee try ist: cuted), finds its way into general use.‘ i\j} coun!"ha vat wel 7748. The studies to be commenced with is next to be determined. It is necessary to premise here, that i By twenty! ig the mind, before it can derive much improvement from reading, must undergo a certain degree of culture. i| ‘of i phi be) To improve by reading it is not sufficient to be able to read; we must be able to analyse language and dis- it ze No; ti course; to recognise the real or apparent object of the writer; and to trace the order of his ideas from the{hi ving mes commencement to the conclusion. The foundation of this is the exercise of the faculty of attention, ig che sil Hl already dwelt on; and essential aids to it is the study of grammar, and of languages. Another excellent\ a) is 0 help is the study of systematic natural history; a circumstance highly in favor of gardeners who are de-| ition perm sirous of improving themselves in general literature; since, if they know their profession at all, they must 4: have a tolerable knowledge of systematic botany, which gives the mind an orderly and systematic mode| et of thinking. It is not uncommon, for example, to hear gardeners who have no pretensions to general th s, to manners of thinking, or acting,||
ston deneed literature, applying the terms, genera, species, subspecies and varietie:) 1 ip Heke: ple;:{ paration of the mind, there are many
oe him to religion, weather, forms of governments,&c. For want of this preparation{ W‘ persons who read a great deal, and derive very little benefit from it. Their minds are not competent or i by alos not habituated to view the subject which they read as a whole, and to take a view of its general scope and jae octet tendency. All they see of it is the parts as they pass before their eyes, their relation and connection i}: gar qo‘ they think nothing of, and the whole passes as it were through the mind, instead of remaining on. it. ij e ert entice Reading to such men, in comparison with those whose minds have been prepared by elementary studies, t qd 2
1149 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Pics:
may be said to resemble pouring water on ground with a hardened surface, in comparison to pouring it on soil which has been loosened with the spade.
7149. English grammar and a foreign language are suitable studies to commence with. Another excel- lent aid to forming the mind to precision and accuracy 1s the knowledge of quantities; for which reason we would join to the study of languages, those of arithmetic and geometry.‘These, with a portion of general reading, some species of personal accomplishments, and the requisite professional studies, are all that we would have an apprentice commence with, and this only in a certain order to be afterwards described.
7750. With respect to personal accomplishments, we would have dancing, fencing, boxing, wrestling, the infantry manual exercise, whist, backgammon, chess, the flute, and violin, attended to as far as op- portunity offered; considering dancing, boxing, and the violin as the most essential objects, In most country-places these and all the other acquirements may be learned from retired valets, old soldiers, or from some of the servants in a great family, at an easy rate. Swimming and horsemanship should not be neglected if opportunity offers. The acquirement of some knowledge of some or all of these accomplish- ments will occupy very little time; once attained, they are resources for self-defence, for social entertain- ment, or of relief from ennué when alone. Dancing and the manual exercises are particularly useful as improving the gait, and habituating to good postures both in standing and sitting. Toa man who has no other resources for advancement in life than such as are personal, every exterior acquirement is of the utmost importance.— These remarks will to many appear sufficiently extravagant; but we would ask, whether there is any young man who does not, to a certain extent, possess most of these acquirements as it were accidentally?. Why then may he not improve them by art, if opportunity offers; or, if they are of use, why should he not seek occasion both to improve and extend his knowledge in this department.
7751. In study, as in everything else, much depends on the economy of time; the march of time is re- gular and constant, and as there is only a certain portion of the twenty-four hours which a gardener can devote to study, everything depends on his employing every moment of that portion. To be convinced of what is lost by delay, let two persons commence walking along a road in company; then let one of them stand still for half a minute while the other walks on; at the end of the half minute the distance at which the former will find himself from the latter will be found astonishing. Again, supposing them walking together, and that one, instead of walking along the road with the other, deviates and diverges from it— the distance at the end of half a minute, at which the deviator is found from the one who walked straight on, will be still more astonishing, and is greatly more ruinous, because not only is the time required to return to the direct road equal to that taken to diverge from it, but when returned, the devi- ator will be a whole minute’s walking behind the other. These two simple experiments it would be well for two young gardeners to try, in order that the results may make a strong impression on their minds; and let them ever afterwards think of them when they feel inclined to be lazy or dilatory, or to depart from the line of duty.
7752. To aid in the economy of time, it is desirable to form some plan of study; where there is no re- gular plan much time is lost in hesitating what to begin with; and both lost and misapplied by fatiguing the mind with too long intense application to one thing; by which means a proportional relaxation is re- quired, and the memory, being irregularly charged, will be less faithful. By a well ordered pre-disposition of studies, the time which would be lost in considering what would be done next is gained, and the one study becomes a relaxation as it were from the other. We shall here suggest a general plan for a young gardener’s employment of time during the few years he has to pass previously to becoming master, and leave him to fill up the details in his own way. We by no means offer this plan as the best; others may be equally good; but the grand point is to fix on some plan, and to adhere to it strictly.
7753. Plan of study for languages. We shall suppose the apprentice, and indeed every gardener under thirty, to rise at five o’clock throughout the year; a necessary habit in the gardener, both for the hot- house fires and for study. He will thus have nearly an hour in summer, and from one to three hours in winter before he goes to work.‘L’hese we would devote to languages throughout the ten years; on no account would we study anything else at that time, and on no account would we study any language during the rest of the day. Latin and English grammar may be taken on alternate mornings till the latter is acquired; and afterwards Latin may be taken two mornings, and Greek the third morning. In two or three years the fourth day may be devoted to French; and in the seventh year, or earlier, accord- ing to circumstances, Latin, Greek, French, German, Dutch, and Italian may be taken in succession, one morning to each. The object being such a knowledge of English as to be able to write it correctly; of Latin and French to translate them with ease; and of the other languages to be able to make out their meaning by the occasional help of a dictionary. There is nothing to hinder any person of even inferior organisation, to attain this knowledge in ten years, at the average rate of one and half hour’s study every morning.‘The great thing is not to omit a single morning, unless from illness; for even in the case of absence from home, or during a journey, a grammar or any polyglot book, such as a Testament or a Commenius, may be carried in the pocket.
7154. Rigid pursuit of the object in view. If at any time, through business or over-sleeping, but a few minutes can be got in the morning, still these few ought to be applied in the usual channel; eyen half a minute is worth something, for in that time a noun may be looked over, or a rule read and reflected on during the walk to the place of working. If no time is left, even while dressing, a dictionary may be opened and a word looked at, and recollected, and even a word per day gained is worth something.
7755. Progress is gradual. It is impossible to gain any end either in self-improvement or any thing else at once; all art is gained by labor, and nothing is lasting but that which advances by degrees. The independence which even a very moderate knowledge of languages confers on the possessor, whether in general reading, or in reading foreign books, is invaluable, and amply compensates the trouble requisite to acquire them. To any person going abroad for profit or improvement, they are essential. It isa common thing to suppose, that a certain long number of years are requisite to acquire Latin, which may be the case with children who learn it by compulsion, and is more or less the case as to everything they are taught; but with a grown-up and voluntary learner the case is widely different. We have known men in this country acquire one or two languages, after having.attained their fortieth year; and the thing is quite common among migrating tradesmen on the Continent.
7756. Books on grammar. in purchasing the grammars, that of Cobbett or Lindley Murray may be selected for the English; and for the other languages, any that can be got cheapest; the last remark will apply also to the dictionaries. To impress rules and words on the memory, read them aloud, sing, or chant them, or write them down. Books in most languages may be had at book-stalls for a trifle; or by applying to a subscriber to the Bible Society, he will procure a New Testament in any living language, and also in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, for two shillings or half a crown. Used copies of the Janua Linguarum of Commenius, containing Greek, Latin, French,&c. are to be had even cheaper.
7151. Plan of study for general subjects. The spare time after breakfast and dinner we would devote to botany for the first three years, and the seven years afterwards to botany and other branches of natural history, gardening, and farming books. Thus the early part of the day is disposed of for the whole ten years: the next thing is to arrange for the evening. For this the arrangements must vary according to circumstances, as it does not all depend on the will of the student; thus lectures can only be attended, when and where given; and those who may have undertaken to give instructions in fencing or fiddling, must be received at such evening hours as suits their convenience,&c. We would, however, never break
in on the day-studies with these acquirements; and as far as possible devote two hours at some period of
every working-day evening, during the first three years, as follows: of the first evening to drawing plans and architectural subjects; the second to arithmetic, mensuration, and land-surveying; the third, to
Pook Il
+g fandscape ing NOY tts, a miner i ¢o be disp* g te
ee A holiday We ed ili
» included 1 tobe ortions of
aken in t Or Conclusion thatifa student o! may retard for at tance of incess2” was never yet att quirements; ne language and me are educated ane masters, by C0 let ceive useful hints spare money fort in food and dress are much taxed head gardener, for in price by much 0 had in view chiefly menced, and atten thing we have prop manise life, begint villdepend on his ¢ raising himself, anc with the power of@
Secr.
7161, The su towards others; God or the natur ledge of nature)
7762, Moralit is considered as and honest, not to avoid still gr from religion; of regular soci and more or les or ridicule, the excluded from according as h be dealt with h men, he must r of religious me worth while to therefore the y to answer his e decency, and y appear in their 7763. The mora 18 found necessar comparatively a( the people, from tolead a debauch COW, XXXIX,) sbi every individual but polite,
(76%, Politeness ‘ommonly though Mahigh degree,| 400d figure and;
{he man who poss Which costs noth
Pap lV,
uring it on
tet excel, which Teason ‘portion of Iisa all Ne dereards
AD, Mest
0 8 fat as- PSI, Tn most OMe, op p should nt he ese accomplish. Oclal entertain, larly useful as lad Who has no nent is of the ‘We would ask, cquirements as they are of parttuent, Hof time iste. 4 patdener can De convinced of et one of them distance at which ing them walking ivrge fom it one who walked only is the tne eturned, the der. ts it would be wel 1 on their minds, atory, orto depart
re there is 0 re. applied by fing nal relaxation i e+ eed predation ne, and the one al plan fra young mig maser, and ie beats les may . i yer garnet UME both forthe bie ne to three hous in ye ten Yeats NO study any hogu te mom othind momig,[a , or cai tt taken in suas, 1
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Boox II. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1141
drawing landscape and figures; the fourth, to Euclid’s Elements; the fifth, to drawing plants, flowers, i insects, and minerals; and the sixth to mechanics and experimental philosophy. The remainder of each| evening to be disposed of in writing essays and letters, both with a view tc improvement in the style, and in penmanship; to miscellaneous reading, if possible, from an encyclopedia, assigning a due proportion| to each kind of study or acquirements.| 7758. A holiday, when it occurs, we should recommend to be commenced with a language, as usual, and} to be included in the general rotation for that branch; but the remaining part of the day we would dispose| of in portions of one, two, or three hours, in bringing forward those evening studies which we had been least successful in during the week, or found ourselves most in want of for actual use. Holidays} are also particularly adapted for drawing, which, though it ought not to be neglected with artificial light,| yet goes on best with that of the sun. Nothing can be more mechanical than copying drawings, or draw-| ing from nature, and tiere is nothing(but want of will) that can hinder every gardener from being a{ good draughtsman in all the three departments. To paint in oil, or make highly finished drawings, valued as such, is quite a different thing, and not to be attempted but by such as have much leisure, or adopt that pursuit as a profession. 7759. The books necessary for general studies are, any authors on arithmetic, mensuration, and land- surveying, who are pretty full; any used copy of Euclid, and of Young’s Lectures on Natural Philoso-\ phy; or study the articles on the last subject in a goo encyclopedia. There is no very good drawing-; book for self-instructors, but some one may be borrowed, and those parts of any encyclopedia consulted|
clan=p
which treat on the subject. For the miscellaneous reading, all the books required are to be borrowed, and chiefly, if possible, an encyclopedia, which ought to be read through volume by volume, and notes| } | /
taken in the pocket memorandum-book(7741.) of such parts as are considered best worth remembering. 7760. Conclusion. A great deal more might be said on this subject, did our limits permit; suffice it to add, that if a student only wills and exerts himself, everything will be found possible; difficulties may occur, and may retard for a time, but they will finally be overcome. The great thing is to be convinced of the impor-} tance of incessant application, by which any man may attain to eminence, and without which eminence was never yet attained.‘The profession of a gardener is, more than any other, favorable for mental ac- quirements; his labor is easy; his patron has a library: he has frequent opportunities in improving his language and manner, by being asked questions by his patron and his family, and other superiors who are educated and polished. He may also render himself useful to clergymen, medical men, and school- masters, by collecting and preparing objects of natural history for them, for which in return he will re- ceive useful hints, and the loan of books. A great object is, to accomplish all this, and yet have some spare money for travel and accidents, which is to be done by great simplicity(avoiding what is meagre) in food and dress; by neglecting the use of such luxuries as tea, sugar, spirits, and such other articles as are much taxed; by purchasing used clothes, and never new ones before having arrived at the degree of head gardener, for the best dress; and by having, for daily use, dresses of coarse grey stuff, not enhanced in price by much ornamental manipulation, or by taxes.— Though, in making these remarks, we have had in view chiefly young men, yet there is no period of life at which improvement may not be com- menced, and attempted with a degree of success that willamply repay. Atany period under thirty, every thing we have proposed may be attained: a great deal, even at forty, and enough to meliorate and hu- manise life, beginning even at the latest period. Let the gardener never forget that though something will depend on his organisation, yet, that much the greater part depends on education— on his desire of raising himself, and on incessant application. To desire anything ardently, is, in truth, to be inspired| with the power of attainment.
——w
Sect. IV. Moral, Religious, and Physical Education of Gardeners.
| 7761. The subject of morals(morales, Lat. manners) regards the conduct of man towards others; that of religion(religio, Lat. devotion, devoted tc), his opinions as to God or the nature of things; and that of physical education(physica, Lat. the know-{ ledge of nature) instructs him in the art of preserving health.|| 7762. Morality and religion are usually treated as depending on each other; the latter is considered as the principal foundation of the former, and man is taught to be sober||
eeeieiacetacee eee==
and honest, not only to avoid the punishment awarded by the laws of his country, but| to avoid still greater punishment in futurity. But morality may and does exist apart| from religion; for truth and justice, honesty and humanity, are essential to the existence of regular society. Debauchery of every kind is attended with the loss of reputation, and more or less of bodily health; those who despise, and affect to treat with contempt or ridicule, the opinions of the respectable part of society, are themselves despised and
4
( excluded from society in return. In the intercourse of society, a man always receives i St according as he gives; and as he treats others so is he treated himself. If he wishes to iH' be dealt with honestly, he must be honest; and if he wishes to be respected by respectable i ons
men, he must respect them, and their conduct and principles. In short, independently of religious motives, it is necessary to be moral, in order not to be disreputable; and worth while to be highly so, in order to ensure confidence and respect. Whatever theory therefore the young gardener may adopt, there is only one practice which he will find to answer his expectations; and that is, the strictest regard to truth, honesty, sobriety,{ decency, and purity in himself; and respect for others, 1n proportion as these virtues 1 g appear in their conduct and conversation.
————
7763. The moral law of all countries és essentially the same 5 because, in the rudest forms of society, it is found necessary to enforce justice and honesty; but among rude nations, and even among those in a comparatively advanced state, the more refined laws of morality are neglected. Thus in Russia, where the people, from the boor to the czar, are the most religious in Europe, it is no discredit to a gentleman: to lead a debauched life, or to pilfer trifling articles from another, or to steal from shops(Lyall’s Mos- i cow, XXxix.); but in a refined and luxurious state of society, such as that in Britain, the enjoyment of every individual depends not only on a strict, but a refined morality; and men must not only be civil, but polite.
7164. Politeness may be considered the ornament or finish of morals or manners; and though it is commonly thought to belong chiefly to the higher classes, yet it will be found both attainable and useful in a high degree, by every class, and by none more than the gardener. Polite and amiable conduct, like| a a good figure and address, recommend themselves at sight, and make at once an impression in favor of; the man who possesses them.“ Civility,” Lady M. W. Montague observes,“is a sort of current coin which costs nothing and buys everything.” The greatest genius and abilities will never procure a
4D 3
1142 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV,
and acquirements, may both instruct and inform: but even these must be cautious as to the manner in
hal pold of a mae man advancement, without a good address. We recommend the perusal of what Lord Chesterfield ob i gs this f has written on the subject, guarding against those slips of the pen where he seems to recommend im- tr other supt purity and deception. If these suit the character of a modern ambassador, they are practices which a poor i,‘runed§ man cannot afford to deal in. fae, 7765. The foundation of all true politeness is a desire to please others; though some mistake it for a dis- wing, Relig play of their own acquirements; and others, a cringing acquiescence to the opinions of others. The two To Sey on ast errors are to be avoided, the first as immediately, and the second in a short time, incurring contempt. ggnsclenc» To be polite with permanent advantage it is necessary to be sincere; and any degree of vanity, pride, or ithusias™ arrogance, is certain of proving offensive. To please others, one of the first things requisite, is to be ne hin or ara to be, pleased ourselves. A man may show his pleasure or displeasure, by his action, by his perty to oe f speech, and by his features. An easy, graceful, and yet manly action, is to be attained by the practice of from others 4% dancing and the manual exercise; a gracious and polite manner of speaking by much reading, and by y. all le attending to the language of ladies and gentlemen, frequenters of polished society; and the features of ciples h the face may be set to satisfaction, discontent, anger, or ill temper, according as either of these states of(1762); mind are adopted. If the muscles of his face are put in training by a gardener at the commencement of nnd Phys his apprenticeship, almost anything may be done with them, as may be proved by the case of comedians. aes A gardener’s object should be less the power of varying them, than of giving them a set expressive of deners 2 resp animation joined to a degree of satisfaction: this medium or central disposition he can occasionally alter houses the pro to that of pleasure on the one hand, or disapprobation on the other, as circumstances may require. ae e i 7766. An essential part of politeness is agreeable conversation, and taking part in the current amuse- was; 4 ments of the time and place. The art of conversation, like all other arts, is only to be acquired by reflec- tory and rheut! tion and expe he first thing is to store the mind with ideas on every subject by reading, and es-* very LOW ecially with anecdote, history and biography; the next thing is to adapt our conversation to the society pave.: in which we happen to be; and the last requisite is to endeavor to discover the precise part and quan- almost daily us tum of conversation which we ought to supply. t f themsel’ 7167. The art of conversation is as little understood by the great bulk of mankind as the art of chemistry: not 0 ome and the consequence is, that in ordinary society it consists in tiresome relations, as to the party or their either extreln } affairs; attempts to obtain victory in argument, to display knowledge or acquirements; or something By this the ¢ h which may give superiority over the others present; or of criticisms on the absent; the source of all‘ ts, al which is unrefined selfishness. Polite conversation is a totally different thing from disquisition; or mere these par, | talking about any one thing, whether relating to ourselves or others. In disquisition, the object is to ascer- place, the cor a) tain truth; in conversation, to pass the time in an interesting and agreeable manner.‘The object of every h ymatist,& a one who takes part in a polite conversation ought to be to please; whatever cannot be said on any subject Le king tit entered on, without giving offence to some one present, or to truth or decency, ought to be avoided. house, kine a By common consent, the party will pay due respect to the master of the house, as to the president of the house, so as t0 % assembly; and though all will contribute their share, those rich in talent and experience will naturally cli| sudator | contribute the most. ing and sues" 7/68. Every master of a family ought to instruct the members of it in the art of conversation, and danger 18£0 be to advise them more especially to avoid all subjects that lead to argument and discussion. These are of ae the bar H little service to truth or instruction; because men are seldom convinced by arguments carried on in ing 1m h society. No man is willing to be publicly convinced of anything, and especially if he who has the better against these, ¢ iI side of thetargument happens to be younger or of an inferior rank. Men may be willing to be instructed, soodten shoes, 4! { who would not submit to be convinced; and some will consent to receive information, who would feel Meee Jothin hurt at the idea of instruction. Elderly persons, however, and such as are of acknowledged experience ordinary C/N f
which they correct, or contradict, or criticise; lest, as is often the case, they appear more eager to dis- 15 The founda play their own superiority, than to improve and oblige the party addressed.‘The love of self is liable mn HCHO, at every moment to break in upon and spoil everything; and therefore the grand object is to keep that imegulat, ores 5 : feeling continually under restraint by keeping alive the idea, that the object of all conversation is to{ution; the cause, : please.‘Three or four young gardeners, all eager for improvement, might practise conversation on this cet to thelr car | principle, by assembling occasionally, and either conversing as equal, or for the sake of variety and im- 776, A strict o provement, assuming characters. Two, for example, may take the part of the parents of a family; one enge to young garut or two as strangers on a visit to them, and the rest as children, and soon,‘The party might first produce ininebriety, Of 12 that sort of family wrangling and snarling, which commonly occurs at fire-sides, as the conversation to subject | be avoided; and next, a conversation as it ought to be, or as each gardener would desire to have it in ; his own family.: 7769. Whist, chess,§c. Yor the purpose of being able to join in the amusements of society, we have Seer, V, Of already recommended the study of whist, chess,&c. These are essential personal accomplishments of j every man who would find his way in society in England, where conversation is not nearly so well under- 4 stood as on the continent, and therefore less relied on for passing the time agreeably. nnn K oat | 7770. Elevation of manners. There are two things in conduct which the gardener ought most particu- TT. AB it larly to avoid, familiarity and cupidity. When these qualities discover themselves either in manner or the leisure tim i conversation, they are a certain mark of low birth and breeding. A low, ignorant man, if he receives his udament ¢ } the slightest civilities from a superior, immediately conceives the latter has a particular friendship for ms him; and soon endeavors to turn this friendship to advantage, by asking to borrow money to forward economy or ma himself in business, or requesting a place under government, or a pension. Ifa gentleman, or indeed any in his professic
man, notices a low tamiliar woman, the latter immediately concludes he is in love with her; if she has Teaiertannt daughters, he has come to marry one of them; and at all events, he is a particular friend to be boasted Ee Ne | of and relied on in time of need, who will certainly advance the family in some way or other. Such is acquired, and
i the self-love and ignorance of mankind betrayed by the vulgar; for familiarity proceeds from that sort of business of lif P| gross selfishness that puts no restraint on wishes that it does not consider grossly criminal; and indulges ie in the most absurd hopes, merely because, if realised, they would tend to their profit. gambling, to 1 | 7771. A well informed and polite man is not familiar with any one, because he knows that if he were The principal to lay bare eversehing respecting himself he would lessen respect; and he does not show an impertinent cing m ih curiosity after the circumstances of others, because it might hurt their feelings to expose them. Cupidity imited In its a| 4 is out of the question with him, because he knows mankind too well, to suppose they will give him a very imperfect! al valuable thing merely because he asks it; but even if there was a chance of getting it in this way, still he by which the ¢ | would not ask, because he might be asked for something still more valuable in return. In this way po-; at ee liteness becomes highly useful as a check upon gross selfishness; and by serving to keep up a mutual re- forming a pla spect between man and man, it restrains the offensive passions, ameliorates the temper, and promotes happiness\ social enjoyment. A man of sense and experience will not be very familiar with his most intimate friend. nie { Respect is always lessened in proportion as familiarity takes place; and without respect there is nothing and then stea t to hinder individuals, even the most intimately connected by ties of blood, affection, or interest, from 7778, For proving very offensive to each other. Where a weaker and stronger party, as man and wife, parents and often tl children, masters and servants, cease to act in such a way as to maintain a mutual respect, the stronger€n the mos f party is obliged to have recourse to the principle of fear,— becomes of necessity a domestic tyrant, and is case where a} i obeyed and hated, instead of being obeyed and respected. What is it that makes a man hate his wife’s aplan must b i} y faults more than those of any other woman? first, he knows them better: secondly, he knows he must p us L ti| put up with them: thirdly, he knows that she knows his faults, and hates them more than she does the the art of livir \ faults of any other man. All this arises from familiarity. as ell as the 4 a 7773. The want of mutual respect is the cause of many evils among the lower classes; it is the origin ¢ \ of almost all family quarrels, and of most of those between individuals; the cause, familiarity, ought yerformed at {| therefore to be avoided, by all who would be respected; anda salutary restraint placed on all their feelings, gard to soil
Puan, Boox II. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1143 i Sch both of love and hatred, curiosity and communicativeness. Judicious restraint is everything as to over-{i ich ot Conn a On cua a man properly under its influence may be compared to a well trained e 5 gure is familiar to the young gardener, it may be well for him frequently to ask him-
Libra Selah supposing he were a cherry-tree, he would be reckoned one finely spread against a wall| a Tht pruned standard. iH ari 7773. Religion is a subject which we leave every gardener to arrange with his own\j iit ye conscience; only observing, that as it concerns only the man himself, and unless joined| i to enthusiasm and proselytism, can never injure others; every one should be left at li- iy, ul berty to think in this respect as he chooses. Let no one, however, consider that differing| he fet from others as to religion implies a difference in morality, or a neglect of moral princi-| these tof ciples; and let every gardener consider well what we have before said on this subject.} aan(7762.): ere 7774. Physical education._ It may be supposed superfluous to say anything to gar- canal deners in respect to health. But the truth is, that since the general introduction of hot- i =o ae houses, the profession of a gardener has become in some degree different from what it ited by refe. was; and he is now subject to heats and colds, which are liable to bring on inflamma- meee[ tory and rheumatic complaints. Being heated excessively in a hot-house, and cooled eat, to a very low degree in the open air during winter, or in an ice-house(which is now in
, almost daily use in good gardens, for preserving fruits and vegetables) during summer, do ca not of themselves injure the constitution; but the evil arises from the partial operation of a| sO sebing either extreme by which one part of the frame is cooled or heated sooner than another. the wureeof al| By this the circulation and perspiration are unnaturally accelerated or diminished in
When this takes
uisition or mee
are hia these parts, and of course the action of the whole system deranged. sto acer. 2 5
hecbjct of ere| place, the consequences are fever, costiveness, and often St. Anthony’s fire, ague, wal rheumatism,&c. If taken in time, opening the bowels and the hot-air bath of the hot- pee| house, taking care either to go at once from it to bed, or to the dry-stove and green- nce wl tury house, so as to cool gradually, will restore the system to order; if neglected, time, open-
| ing and sudatory medicines, and probably the doctor, will be required. The principal
*comersatio, and q. eee
sitet danger is to be dreaded from the excessive heat and_ perspiration produced by work-
els cami on in ing in the bark-stove or in pits, such as during shifting, syringing,&c. To guard
capa against these, the operator should limit his dress at the time to a loose flannel shirt and i
) UL.-.. e..
+ ovo ft wooden shoes, and when finished, should wipe himself perfectly dry before putting on his
pledge experince ordinary clothing.}
to the manner in j
more cage(tdi|"775. The foundation of all health is regularity in the time and quantity of food taken, and in the com-|
ove of elf islable= mon evacuations. If these are strictly attended to, everything will go on well; if suffered to become lj
ct to Kee that irregular, every thing will go wrong. The stomach is the primum mobile, as it were, of the consti-|
“conversation 1s{0 tution; the cause, when disordered, of the most afflicting diseases, and the first thing to be restored in Hi|
nveration ou his order to their cure.::
of variety andi 7776. A strict attention to personal propriety and sober habits need hardly be mentioned, with refer- i
ts of a fail;| ence to young gardeners who mean to advance themselves; to suppose, indeed, that they would indulge
ght itr in inebriety, or in alehouse society, is so entirely out of the question, that we shall not enter on the
he conversa(0 subject.}|
desire to bare it|
of svt veut Sxecr. V. Of Economical Education, or the general Conduct and Economy of a Gar- i
bs uy,.,
seni dener’s Life. 1)
pearly 80 well une;: i 7777. A gardener, who has attained his twenty-fifth year, and has carefully employed
ott the leisure time of the preceding ten years in improving himself, will now have formed
Cl et Of
his judgment on most subjects; and be able to determine a general plan for the future| \ economy or management of his life. A man may be learned, or have a genius and taste in his profession, without having that taste or judgment as to the economy of life which if!
leads to fitness and propriety of conduct, and will induce him to fix on an object to be
sith het;
fou ne acquired, and devise and pursue rational means of obtaining it. Bad taste in the common es A cat business of life may lead to bad plans, to a desire to acquire property too rapidly, to Bie: a gambling, to match-making, to quackery, and, probably, even to crime and disgrace.
cause of this bad taste is, that what is called education is much too i
The principal limited in its objects; or that part which is commonly left to parents or masters is but very imperfectly supplied. A youth ought not only to be instructed in the different laws iit by which the conduct both of individuals and society is regulated, but also in the art of forming a plan for the management of his talents, so as they may best contribute to his y: happiness. Nothing is more conducive to happiness, than fixing on an end to be gained, i if | |
It,
and then steadily pursuing its attainment. sf bd 7°. my. 7778. Forming a plan of conduct. Though some things in every mans life, and
often the most important things, are the result of accident; yet here, as in every other i] case where a multitude of actions are to be performed with a view to an ultimate object,{|; a plan must be of importance for their arrangement. No man is born in possession of i| the art of living, any more than of the art of gardening. The one requires to be studied|
as well as the other; and a man can no more expect permanent satisfaction from actions i
performed at random, than he can expect a good crop from seeds sown without due re-| t of mankind enter on life without any fixed|
«pati i gis et ard to soil and season. The greater par : art, OUF g i 4D4\
PE
wy peel ee EL
OL
P44 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. Parr IV.
. sae! Mm view; or, if they form some general notion of acquiring wealth or distinction,
hey form no plan by which it is to be accomplished; the consequence is, that such per- sons, after blundering on through their best years, arrive at the end without having gained anything but experience, now of no use to them. When we look round and observe the quantity of misery in the world; the greater proportion 1s, or seems to be, the result of a want of plan, or of a bad plan of life.© How many parents are unsuccessful in their struuplec ara Speen Terabe oa Sete::-
uggles to maintain a large fone; the result of too early marr lage, anda thoughtless and unmeasured procreation! How many tind themselves arrived at old age with no
- Qe, y 7> o ¢ other resource for support but charity; the consequence of want of foresight in expen
i 1 ernandareleuktor: es: Pan How many are suffering under poverty brought on by their own want of fru- gality, or positive extravagance; or under disease from excesses and irregularities committed in the hey-day of life! And how many, among those not born to inherit pro- perty, who, at no period of their life, have any other alternative between hard labor and deficient food, than disease and want!
7779. Want of plan may not, in every case, be the cause of all this misery; i“
TTT?,‘ J se of< s y; because ac life for something, both in the unfavorable as well as the favorable side of the GEE IEA OED ee hesitation in asserting, that want of plan, as a cause of misery, is as ninety-nine to a hundred Any slats at all, even a bad plan, is better than none; because those who set out on any plan will, in all probahilit 7 sooner discover its errors, if a bad one, and correct them, than those, who set out on no plan will aie cover the want of one, and form a good plan.— Plan, in short, is predestination, as conduct is fate Th e young gardener, who is Just setting out in life, may well tremble at the consequences of proceeding on Ee journey without the guide of a judicious plan. This plan he must form himself: because he alone knows the nature of his talents and resources;—all that we can do is to offer a few hints. d
7780. In order to be able to form a plan, it is previously necessary to determine the object to be obtained by it. Happiness is the object of every action of human life, and consists in the gratification of certain wants and desires; some of these desiderata are peculiar to youth, and others to old age; but many, as clothing, food, rest, relaxation, entertainment,&c. begin with the earliest, and continue to the latest period of life. All these gratifications are procured by labor; in savage life, by hunting, fishing, and gathering fruits, till the man, no longer able for these labors, is obliged to lie down and die of want: in civilised society they are also obtained by labor; but here, what is called property exists; and man in the vigor of his days, when the supplies of his labor are greater than the demands of his wants and desires or when he chooses not to gratify the latter to the full extent admitted by the former, can, as it were em- body a part ohne labor to be zaade use of when he is no longer able to perform it with ease. A man in this case, is said to arrive at independence; instead of want, as in the case of the savage: o pene as in the case of the improvident. Hee oe ee
7731. Independence is the grand olject which not only a gardener, but every man destined to live by the exercise of his labor or talents, ought to have in view. At certain periods of life, when the imagination is vivid, and health and spirits in their utmost vigor
.... B 5? some may prefer glory, high literary or professional reputation, or even present pleasure; and it is a noble attribute of our nature to prefer these to mere accumulation of money: but a great warrior, poet, or painter, arrived at old age and want, if the latter be brought on by common improvidence, will not find himself surrounded by many marks of dis- tinction; and, though it may possibly be some consolation to him, that the three or four letters composing his name will be sometimes pronounced together after he is dead, yet it will not be much.
7782. The exercise of las profession is the most rational mode in which a gardener, or any person properly educated to one, can pursue independence. Only extraordinary cir- cumstances can justify a change of profession; in common cases it indicates a want of steadiness of character, or a want of success; and the latter is commonly attributed to want of skill. It is better, therefore, to pursue unremittingly the profession to which we have been educated, even though we should not be very successful in it, than to risk an infringement on character by adopting another. The practice of gardening, as we have already seen(7377.), is carried on by three different classes, serving, tradesmen, and artist gardeners. The greater number of young men cannot do better than commence in the first branch. To begin in the second, unless an established business is purchased, a partnership in a respectable firm procured, or some situation discovered where there is an effectual demand for produce, would, to a young man without connection, be attended with at least a loss of time, if not with greater losses. As to the third branch, the de- mand is so very limited, that it can never be recommended in a general way. It remains, therefore, for the young gardener to look to the serving branch, as that by which he will the more certainly attain to independence.
7783. Of serving gardeners, there are two species, with their varieties; the public gardener and private gardener.‘The latter is the only species to be recommended in a general way; but whichever a young gardener adopts, it would be well if he could pre- viously procure himself to be sent abroad for a year or longer, as gardener or collector to some expedition; or éven if he could, at his own expense, visit Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leyden, and Paris. All this he may do at present, proceeding by sea to Rotterdam, either from London or Edinburgh, for less than twenty-five pounds; and a judicious young man, even though so much devoted to improvement as we suppose our young gardener to have been, ought to have saved that sum by his twenty-fifth year. In times of war it may be more expensive, or impossible.
7784. Sitwations.‘Though it be seldom that a gardener can choose a situation for him~
»
Boos{]
elt my bs
are guficient is requisites| ing 4 permis agreemenls ol situations wor on his ow ac spending his d situation at ho about two th state. The the second ne 717185. jit neat wages th depend on el object, and it to high iter money saved, begin saving 4 out every yea cipal; and at{ lives of himsell
If he saves
7186, By con a gardener, or pendence; but annually; and time for previot as he will onl personally, I time will bring complished ga
If he save
TI8T. These Northampton 1 while in Lond
7788, The together as in however, may anxious t9 cor of their furnit ate twenty,] ofa life of hai After twenty--f duced, and are Can say is that
Paar]y,
tistinton at uh pets My gained Wthserve the eresalt of sin tein tinh a, vikng pht in pen. L Want of fy.
imeeulats to inherit po
1 hard labor
\ brohatility
Noa, villi, ducts fate, The on the ise he alone knoys
beet tobe obtained tification of certain ages bat many, a tinue{6 the Laat unting, fishing, ani nd die of want in ts; end man, int rans and deste, ot
a, It Were, em.# thease Aman, in
rage, or of begary,
mthe
, but every man view, At certain her uttos vig, present pare; sation of moter: latter be brett ny marks of tthe threo fn rhe is dea,
ich a garden extraordinary tl dicate ava pony attbute sion fo which ie i, than ts ening, ag nelate fi trades,£0" than comment xsi pts 8 1 where ee 8 ction, be stete
rd br te way. It re t by ihe mil
Boox IL. EDUCATION OF GARDENERS. 1145
self, it may be proper to mention, that by far the best in the world are in England; there are some good situations in Scotland, and a few in Ireland; and there are occasionally good offers to go abroad as gardeners to the governors of British colonies, or to eminent merchants there. The principal foreign openings for British gardeners, however, are in Russia, where the emperor employs nearly a dozen head gardeners, generally British; and where the same, or a greater number, are in the service of the first-rate nobility. The salaries given are not very great; but the accommodations and necessary advantages are sufficient to admit a frugal man’s saving the greater part of the salary. Great care is requisite, however, to have a written arrangement before leaving this country, includ- ing a permission to return at pleasure, as no confidence can be placed in the verbal agreements of most of even the highest Russian nobility. We know of no other foreign situations worth notice. Ifa gardener thinks of going to America, or any of the colonies, on his own account, he will, of course, require a certain capital, and must also reckon on spending his days there. Supposing a young gardener to have obtained a tolerably good situation at home, and to have proved it for a year or two, he should, in our opinion, set about two things; the first is saving money, and the second is entering into the married state. The first is absolutely essential to the scheme of being independent in old age; the second nearly equally so to passing through life comfortably.
7785. With respect to saving money, we shall not attempt to state the proportion of neat wages that may be yearly saved; nor how the money may be best laid out; as these depend on circumstances. All we need suggest, is the necessity of keeping the ultimate object, and its great advantages, continually in view, and to prefer security of principal to high interest. As some data to enable the reader to estimate the accumulation of money saved, and put in a savings’ bank, or in the funds, we shall suppose a gardener to begin saving at the age of 27, and to continue saving till he attains his 50th year; laying out every year’s savings at only 4 per cent., adding half-yearly the interest to the prin- cipal; and at the end of that period purchasing an annuity for his own life, or the joint lives of himself and wife, with the accumulated sum: then—
& Se£ S.
10 f 3566 3) fe2oe 20 15 549 5| 43 10 20 132) 0 57 17 25 915 9 42\oO 1098 10 A:: 86 15
Lyra. serene: rp which will purchase an annuity for a i445, 15 If he saves{ ee Set) aa Be wee 4 wee th y person eee 50 years, or for two lives 4 ae AF } 60| ae 2197 1| of that value, of 173 11 70 2563 5 202 9 80 2929 8 234 7 90 3295 12 260 6 L100)(3661 16 289 4
7786. By commencing master-gardener, and beginning to save at twenty years of age, r, or eyen a common laborer, may attain the same advantages as to inde- ith inferior domestic comforts, as he cannot afford to spend so much annually; and with less enjoyment from literary and intellectual sources, because his time for previous improvement is reduced one half; and in the after part of his life, as he will only be able to obtain inferior situations, he must calculate on laboring If he begins at twenty, however, and saves till he is fifty, the additional nearly the same totals as those of the more ac-
a gardene pendence; but w
personally. time will bring his smaller sums to very complished gardener: thus—
z£ S.££ Ss. 5 6280 8) 22 2 8 448 12 3016 10 560 16 44 5 15 841 4=H oH 20 1121 12)\hich will purchase an annuity for a, F 425% a-year, it will amount, 4 1402 Tit ue ged 50 ¥ for two lives 3110 15 2 Vv A 2~O¢» yerson aged SU years, or 10 0 lives ze Hike sarc; 30 in 30 years, to| ion e 3 that value, of\ nae a 40 2245 1 177, 42 50 2804 0 221 10 60 3364 16 255 15 655(3645 4 L288 0
7787. These calculations being made at the rate of 4 per cent. interest, and the Northampton valuation of life,(by which a man at 50 is estimated to live 18 years longer, while in London only 16 years,) must be considered as Jow rather than otherwise!
7788. The vulgar reason why a young man ought to save money 1s, that he may get together as much as may enable him to collect some furniture and get married. This, however, may be called saving to produce want and misery. A young loving couple, anxious to consummate their first wishes, will not be very nice in the quantity or quality of their furniture. All they consider necessary is accordingly often acquired before either are twenty. Housekeeping and propagation are commenced; and thus the foundation laid of a life of hard labor, scanty food, and their attendants, bad temper, and often disease. After twenty-five years of bustle and distraction, half a score of children have been pro- duced, and are most probably growing up in rags and ignorance; and all that this couple can say is that they have struggled hard to create nine times as much misery as that by
ee
—
ie
ee~
1146 4..
which they are thems
be malinca nie Daptessed: If the man had limited himself for twent indeseleneel cane ane he might have accumulated as much as would ha=; ec eee Ke still had sufficient time before him to cis ae ous to every man aie is oe o e‘ oa children. But the use of a wife to a aie speed domestic establishment. ie es nae ought to be chiefly as the operative Ese a Tet adic Pippte prepate nis food, and keep in order his lodging aie Bi aaa m to these duties, she has cultivated, or will cultivate he ging and clothes. cm tering companion 0 sch hier and if the parts Tor hh Pe Universal cane- independence, and rear one or two children- nea ea.,= 1appiness should never be rejected, when they sae
five years
Te alma a halendar of every part 0
fn genes aree; or evel) menced earlter reverses ane 0
coed t0 the n0
Avel Weathel| the at mot
_—_——
London- Bainburgh i Dublin- q (ee 1, Kalenda
London. Inthe first we br
flies appear on Wil 9, Kalendar London.
In the first we
flower; and othe from December. Second week:'
Third week:| in sheltered pl chickweed(2
Fourth week to flower; and sc pansy(Viola. tr odorata), archal foot(Tussilago 1
3. Kitchen bles,
Sow(2071.) eat the ning, ¢ the end of thet Jong-pod beans i (3617) Inth sloping to the early and brow lar border, in tt short-topt radis colored,(3760,
Protect(2 sown seeds, s Transplant(‘ tribe carrots, pz
Dig(1864.) a dry Weather,
Prepare(1970, toneatness 935
Paar IY,
tative Years
“Nemade him AN td enjoy © gee, and pti bis NS nd thes, nd 3 tp, ei dre, let then en they can
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
Tur almanac time in this
a kalendar of nature is given for the metropolitan district, t
every part of the empire, be varied to suit the
In general, other circumstances being a gree, or menced earlier in that proportion southwards,
reverse, and operations deferred as we advance southwards, a due weight to local circumstances.
ceed to the north. In every case allowing
every 70 miles north or south of London: in spring;
kalendar is calculated for the meridian of London; but as
he almanac time may, in local climate and vegetation.
like, four days may be allowed for every de-
operations may be com- and later northwards; but in autumn the and accelerated as we pro-
JANUARY.
OO
< Greatest Weather Average of| Variation BETAS Quantity| at ee see~| from the oo er of Rain. |*| Average.* London-| 35 9 6| 29 56| 1:957inch. Edinburgh| 34 5 29 194 2:994 92 29 721 2°697
Dublin=| 29 a
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
Inthe first week: shelless snails(Helix) and earth- worms(Lumbricus terrestris) appear.
Second week: redbreast(Motacilla rubicola) whistles, nuthatch(S¢tta europea) chatters, misel- toe-thrush(Turdus viscivorus) sings, and wagtails| (Motacilla alba et flava) appear.
Third week: the common lark(Alauda arvensis) congregates.
Fourth week: snails(Helix hortensis) and slugs (Limax ater et hyalinus) abound in sheltered parts of gardens; the hedge-sparrow(Motacilla modularis) whistles, the large titmouse(Parus major) sings, and flies appear on windows.
9°, Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London. In the first week: some plants acc flower; and others, as the laurustinus,
from December.. Second week: winter aconite(Eranthis hyemalis),
Christmas-rose(Heleborus feetidus) 0 flower, and hazel(Corylus avellana) catkins beginning to ap- pear; common honeysuckle(Lonicera periclyme- num) buds begin to appear.
Third week: primrose( yimula vulgaris) flowers in sheltered places; daisy(Bellis perennis) and chickweed(Alsine media) begin to flower.
Fourth week: mezereon(Daphne mexereon) begins to flower; and sometimes spurry(Spergula arvensis), pansy(Viola tricolor), white scented violet(Viola odorata), archangel(Lamium rubrum), and colts- foot(Tussilago purpurea et odorata) show blossoms.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary vegeta- bles.
Sow(2071.) early
identally in continued
frame and Charlton peas about the beginning, and some dwarf marrowfats about the end of the month.(3601.) Early mazagan and long-pod beans in the first week(3616.) and the last. (3617.) In the last fortnight, on a sheltered border, sloping to the south, the hardy green Egyptian, early and brown Dutch lettuces.(3970.) On a simi- Jar border, in the first and second week, early dwarf short-topt radish 5 in the last fortnight, the salmon- colored.(3760.)
Protect(2206.) by temporary coverings, newly sown seeds, as lettuce, endive, celery,&c.
Transplant(2079.) strong plants of the brassica tribe carrots, parsneps,&c., to run for seed.
SS So REMARKS.
A cold January is reckoned seasonable. The gardener, during this month, does not labor in the garden more than five hours a-day; allowing one hour more for early and late attendance on hot-house fires, and seven hours for sleep, there remains eleven hours for personal improvement, Let the young gardener, who is ambitious of distinguishing himself from the common clay of his|
f these hours run to waste, 7751.|
profession, not let one 0!
Insects,&c-(2276.) Destroy slugs, set traps for mice, and remove all larve, webs, eggs,&c.
4. Hardy fruit department. aa(2077.) fruit-trees in general, in open wea- ther.
Protect(2206.) newly-planted trees from frost and drought by mulching(2098.); fig-trees by fronds or mats, jf you have neglected this business in October. (4861.)
Prune(2110.) apples, pears, plums, cherries, goose~ berries, currants, and raspberries, preferring mild weather, or only moderate frosts. Prune first such trees as stand in compartments or borders that you wish to dig or dress(2579.); apricots in the last fort- night, if very mild.(4535.) Loosen the extremities of the shoots of such trees as it is not proper to prune at present, and wash them with soap-suds and sulphur, or scalding water if insects are suspected.(2276.)
Dig(1864.) and stir the earth round trees which have been pruned; trench ground intended for trees.
Stake newly planted trees.(2098.)
Clean trees from moss, mistletoe,&c.(2624.) Guard against hares, by tarring or lime-whiting their stems, or tying thorns round them.(2222.
Destroy(2280.) insects by washes, or hot water, applied both to walls and trellises, and to the trees.
Fruit-room and cellar.(2298.) Look over the fruit in open boxes or shelves, and pick out decayed or tainted ones; but do not touch the casks of fruit in the cellar.(2299.)
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without heat.(2686.) Sow radishes, lettuce, carrots, small-salads(3399.); and peas and beans for transplanting.(3616.)
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Prepare for making up hot-beds for early cucumbers(3178.) and melons (3281.), if you have not begun in November. Sow early radishes, and small-salading on slight hot-beds. (4078.) Sow carrot on a slight hot-bed, to produce a crop for drawing in April and May.(3400.) Kidney- beans, peas, potatoes(3367. 3681. 3683.),&c. may be sown and planted on slight hot-beds in small pots, to fit them for transplanting.(7446.) Force asparagus (3349.), sea-kale(3366.) and tart-rhubarb(3366.), on hot-beds, or in pits, or in the open garden.(3398, and 4263.
Pinery.(2697.) Give air and water sparingly to pines; sow kidneybeans; take in strawberries.
Forcing-houses.(2940, and 3063.) Give air and water, and, according to the progress your trees have made, increase your stimuli of every description. Attend to kidneybeans and strawberries, wherever
Dig(1864.) and trench(1870.) vacant ground in dry weather. Prepare(1970.) composts and manures. Attend to neatness(2359.), by picking up all dead leaves, and removing all plants killed by the frost,&c.
(2355. to 2373.)
ol—
you have any stove-room.(3367. and 3358.) 6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de-
| partinent. |
Plant(2077.) dried roots of border-flowers, if not
a ry
ns
1148
done before; but defer planting bulbs of the finer florists’ flowers till February, unless the weather is very mild.(6502.)
Transplant(2079.) daisies, and other edgings, if the weather is fine, and it was not done before.(6528.)
Protect(2205.) choice plants by. matting, litter, cases of wicker-work, old bark, and all other proper means, observing to do it with due attention to neatness in this department of gardening.(2359.) Attend to the finer sorts of tulips, which will emerge from the ground by the end of the month; hoop them over, and apply mats.(6252.) Ranunculuses and anemones, which have been planted in Novem- ber, will require a similar attention.(6270.)
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without heat.(2686.) Attend to the alpines(6537.): they should have air every dry day, and must, in very severe weather, be protected by mats, and even litter, to imitate their native snow covering at this season. Mignonette and other prolonged annuals, as stocks, sweetpeas,&c. will require similar attention.(6486.) Look to choice auriculas(6375.) and polyanthuses(6398.); keep them plunged in frames in old tan, or, what is better, saw dust, or ashes. In general, never attempt to keep a potted plant through the winter in a cold frame, unless it be plunged, or the pots be standing very close together.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Begin to force roses 218.) and other shrubs, and hardy flowers, as well as bulbs, if you have not begun in November: put bulbs in blowing-glasses.(6503.)
Green-house.(6211.) Minim. temp. for this month, 40 deg., max. at fire-heat, 44 deg. See that the most delicate plants be in the warmest part of the house, in so far as is consistent with other arrangements: give air freely in fine weather, and water at all times sparingly.(6212.)
Dry-stove.(6176.) Min. temp. for this month 45 deg. with fire-heat; water very sparingly, but give air every fine day.(6212.)
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Theminimum tem- perature for this department, with fire-heat, may be 58 deg. and maximum 70 deg.: water and give air with discretion.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery,
Plant(2077.) most sorts of deciduous trees in fine weather, and deciduous hedges.(6838. and 6816.)
Prune(2110.) native and naturalised deciduous shrubs and trees(6884.); cut deciduous hedges(6899): attend to the weather: only the very hardiest natives are to be cut during frosts and snows.(6889.)
Digging.(1864.) Continue this operation in the interior of masses and groups, as well as in the shrubberies and other sereen plantations. Where the exterior abounds with flowering shrubs and plants, it should have been dug in autumn, and
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
Dress turf(6191.) and gravel(1957.): the former may be done in moist, but the latter only in dry weather.
Form and repair lawns and t yerg i i weather,(2100. and 2101.) a
9. Trees.— Nursery department. _ Lay out(6973.) ground for a nursery, if not done m autumn; gather all manner of tree-seeds.(6982.)
Dig(1864.) end trench(1870.) vacant ground be- tween the rows of plants, which are to stand a year longer: fill up any vacancies as you go along.(7470.)
Lift(2081.) plants fit for planting out.
Prune(2110.) nursery plants before planting; do this in sheds, and keep the roots covered with mat- ting or moss.
Gather{2292.) cones of the larch and other firs, and of the pine tribe.(6984.)
Protect(2206.) beds of germinating seeds with straw or litter; put other tender seedlings in pots under frames, or mats and hoops, from birds, mice, snails, and other vermin,(2290.)
Rotting-ground(6979.): turn over the different layers frequently, and see that none of them are soaked with water.
Seed-loft and cellar(6980.): look to all the sorts of seeds in these departments; whether buried in sand, or in heaps, layers, baskets, drawers, or bags.
Destroy(2280.) vermin, and, in bad weather, cut and paint tallies and prepare parchment labels, number-sticks, hooks for laying,&c.(1517.)
10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery,
Prepare(6817.) ground for grove or screen planta- tions; for useful strips; for detached, and for hedge- row trees; and planting in general.(6878.)
Plant(2077.), in dry weather, deciduous trees, Scotch pine, and larch fir.(6997.)
Prune(2110.) deciduous trees, and also larch fir and Scotch pine groves(6892.), hedge-row trees,
must not be deferred till next month.
and indeed deciduous forest-trees in every form (6884.); cut and plash, repair and renovate, and complete hedges of deciduous plants or trees. (6917.)
Enclose and fence(6820) ground intended to be planted(6822) by posts and rails in all weathers (6820.); but by mortar walls, in mild weather only. (6823.)
Felt(6954.) timber-trees, where the bark is no object.
Thin(6905.) crowded plantations, distinguishing between such as consist of sorts fit for barking, or transplanting, and sorts for consumption in any of the usual forms of young trees, or coppices(6906. and 6915.), and otherwise prepare for planting the more extensive(6817.) sites.(6820. to 6851.)
Excavate and remove ground for forming pieces of water,&c.(1945. and 7217.)
FEBRUARY. | vets esl) Greatest.| Greener REMARKS, | 4 Fariati+ Ss 7 Weather| the Ther-| Veta of the| Qeent’s This month(the spring or sprout kale month of the Saxons) a| mometer.| EES e ne Barometer.| CS is usually subject to much rain, or snow; either is ac- | mabe| counted seasonable: the old proverb being,“ February | fill dike with either black or white.” Early forced articles, London-| 42 3| 5 70 ok 0°873 inch.| and especially cucumbers and peaches, require great Edinburgh! 36 6 29 F555 i269, care during this month; when the sun does not appear Dublin- 43 78 50, O91| 2:24
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: bees(Apis mellifera) come out of their hives, gnats(Cudex) play about, insects(Jn- sect@) swarm under sunny hedges, and the earth- worm(Lumbricus terrestris) lies out; hen-chaf- finches(Fringilla) flock, and the song-thrush, or throstle(Turdus musicus), and common lark(Alauda arvensis) sing.
Second week: the buntings(Emberiza alba) and linnets(Fringilla linota) appear in flocks; sheep (Ovis aries) drop their lambs; geese(Anas anser) begin to lay.:
Third week: rooks(Corvus Srugilegus) begin to pair, and resort to their nest-trees; house-sparrows (Fringilla domestica) chirp, and begin to build; the chaffinch(Fringélla celebs) sings.
for several days, danger is to be apprehended from damps, _and at other times from ChUIS: BE eden Aimer sh ie Fourth week: the partridge(Tetrao perdrix) begins to pair, the blackbird(Turdus merula) whistles, and the field and wood larks( Alauda arvensis et arborea) sing; the hen(Phasanus gallus) sits.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London,
In the first week: the snowdrop(Galanthus ni- valis), whin(Ulex europeus), white deadnettle(La- mium album), polyanthus(Primula veris) flowers; and the elder(Sambucus nigra), and some roses and honeysuckles, begin to expand their leaves.
Second week: common crowfoot(Ranunculus re- pens), dandelion(Leontodon taraxacum), and the female flowers of hazel(Corylus avellana) appear._
Third week; veronica agrestis in flower; many of the poplar and willow tribe show their catkins; and
wees,
Q 3h‘ O00.‘A vary C0 Tempor ary; Temp f spruct
purnet,(44:- Transplant(= autumn, the bras ory, endit io(1804) and A sather, moderate weallle”, of this Kind only 3 * Destroy insects» Store-room Lat vots,(1704. and] Tool-room. Se ]}| petore being lala
4, Hardy ir
Plant(2077,) al weathers fine(#2 of the month,(4/
Protect roots of 4/08,; tops{ apr trees coming int
Prune(211 before the blosse to 4500.); apples month(4569, an nail them, 2 berries,(46
Prepare groun strawberry-plant trees are pruned stakes(2085,); fence orchard t may be expectec
Destroy insect.
Fruit-room.(2 the loose fruit, clase drawers: 1
Fruit.cellar,| close casks, and the air, will requ ing out extreme stand between 3
I
5, Culinary Glass case wit! salads,&, a8 i (3381,) Hot-beds and toforce cucumt DOW set to work inaction sooner of salads(3399 or continue t kale, tarterhub. of early cabbag planting, Mushroom-bed Spawn New ones Leds by linings,
>) ‘the f SEC only in dy
ti Yetye, in wild
Patten,
YOU go alon i" Ing Out,
fore planting: dy Covered With ma),
neh and other fin,
nating tees with
1 over the diferent at none of them are
Took to all the ars $5 Whether buried in ets drapery, or bags, in bad weather, ut re parchment label, ng, ke,(SII)
elt plantations and
grove or screen planta
etached, and forbes peneral(N78
ees, ane larch fi WAR OW trees, stetrees ID every Lorn repair cious plants ot tee
round inte nd. rails in all ve js in wild weather
where the bath 1
ntations, distng sorts fit for bet onsummption 10 trees, or opie prepate fo
(it gund for formung F* NB
11\ beni (Tenet test Vjoyntles 2 nde
ails) SiS
dus meres
} etable tit rout
powdrop wi | i une; 3 iy wit oes sie : vq) and Ue a
oF |
also the yew(Taxus baccata), alder(Alnus communis),
the tulip(Tudipa), crown-imperial(Fritillaria am-|( season. See that suckers on dung-heat are not too
perialis), and various other bulbs, boldly emerging trom the ground.
Fourth week: the erica carnea, wood strawberry (Fragaria vesca), some speedwelis(Veronica), the groundsel, and sometimes the stock and wall- tlower(Cheiranthus), in flower. Some sorts of goose- berries, apricots, and peaches, beginning to open their buds.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary vegeta-
bles.
Sow(2071.) radishes at twice or thrice(3760.) 5 round-leaved spinage twice(3771.), lettuce for suc- cession(3970.), peas and beans in the beginning and end of the month(5601. and 3616.); some early cab- bages to replaceany plants of the last August sowing: at the end of the month, red cabbage.(3492. and 3518.) In the last week savoys(3519.); in the last fortnight dill, chervil, and fennel(4097.to 4109), early Horn car- rot near the end of the month(3718.), early Dutch turnip in the last fortnight(3698.), small salads every fortnight(4078.), onions for a full crop in the last week, and a few leeks at the same time.(3816. and
3835.) oud
Temporary coverings.(2206.) Cover with litter, fronds of spruce and silver fir, mats, and other means, as circumstances may require
Plant(2077.) Jerusalem artichokes(3692.), chives, garlic, shalots(3838. to 3847.), horse-radish(4113.), licorice(4245.), and potatoes.(3676.)
Propagate, by rooted offsets(1988.), mint, balm, sorrel, penny-royal, tansy, tarragon, fennel, and purnet.,(4081. to 4131.)
Transplant(2079.) for seed, if it was not done in autumn, the brassica tribe, onions, carrots, turnips, beet, celery, endive, parsneps, and leeks.
Dig(1864) and trench(1870.) vacant ground in moderate weather, and perform all other operations of this kind only in dry weather.
Destroy insects by the usual means.(2280.)
Store-room. Look over onions, and other dried roots.(1704. and 1705.)
Tool-room. See that tools are always cleaned betore being laid by at this season.(1706.)
4, Hardy fruit department.
Plant(2077.) all sorts of fruit-trees, when the weather is fine(4361.): strawberries towards the end of the month.(4717.)
Protect roots of new-planted trees by mulching (2098.); tops of apricot, plum, peach, and nectarine trees coming into blossom.(2206.)
Prune(2110.) apricots, peaches, and nectarines, before the blossom-buds are much swelled(4480. to 4550.); apples and pears before the end of the month(4369. and 4433.): finish vines(2965.), and nail them, and also gooseberries, currants, and rasp- berries.(4634. 4670. 4680. and 4696.)
Prepare ground for planting(2077.) 5 spring-dress strawberry-plants; dig and dress ground where the trees are pruned; support newly planted trees with stakes(2098.); clear the bark of trees of moss,&C.; fence orchard trees where sheep, cattle, or hares may be expected.(2624.)
Destroy insects.(2280.)
Fruit-room.(2298.) Keep continually examining the loose fruit, whether in the open shelves, or close drawers: remove all tainted specimens.
Fruit-cellar.(2299.) Such fruit as is put up in close casks, and sealed or plastered up to exclude the air, will require no farther attention than keep- ing out extreme frosts, so as the temperature may stand between 32 and 40 degrees.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without heat.(2686.) Sow lettuces, small salads,&c. as in last month(3399.), plant potatoes.
-) Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) In the first week begin to force cucumbers and melons: in general, the beds now set to work produce finer fruit than those put in action sooner.(5164. and 3271.) Continue sowings of salads(3399.), and kidneybeans(3367.); begin or continue to force asparagus, potatoes, sea-
kale, tart-rhubarb,&c.(4203.); sow a few seeds| page
of e planting.
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
1149
Pinery.(2697.) Attend to the proper temperature 2847, and 2872.): pines want little air or water at this
moist.
Forcing department.(2940.) If you have not begun before, this is a very good time to commence with most sorts of fruits, peaches, cherries, vines,&c. Set in strawberries and other plants in pots, also fruit-trees and shrubs, and plant kidneybeans; apply stimuli by degrees, but, having once begun to excite, do not decline, otherwise you produce an in- jurious check to vegetation. See to the stems of vines which are outside the forcing-houses and stoves which are at work.(3012. and 3031.)
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow(2071.) a few hardy annuals in the last fort- night, if the weather be fine: most of the sorts are better deferred till the end of March.(6507.) Mig- nonette and ten-weeks’ stocks, in a warm border, to be protected in severe weather.(2206. and 6486.)
Propagate hardy plants from the root and herb; but September or March are better seasons.(6490.)
Plant dried roots, when the weather is open and dry.(6501.)
Transplant(2079.), if the last fortnight be fit weather, the hardier biennial and perennial border- flowers.(6490. and 6505.)
Shelter and protect(2206.) by all the usual means 5 but take care not to exclude air and light a moment longer than is absolutely necessary.
Prepare vacant ground for plants and trees, also composts for plants in pots.(1981.)
Bees. Feed such hives as are weak.(1748.)
7. Flower. garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without heat.(2686.) Dress select auri- culas, and cover them at night to promote their growth(6376.); sow ten-weeks’ stocks, and migno- nette, for successional supply.(6218. and 6486.) Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) In the last week, prepare for tender annuals, continue to force bulbs, and the usual sorts of border-flowers and Dutch roots in dung-beds and pits heated by fermentable substances, steam, or by smoke-flues.(6503.)
Green-house.(6211.) Minimum heat for this month, 40 deg. maximum, with fire-heat, 44 deg. Give air freely in fine weather, but water sparingly; the alternate drying by fire-heat, and then mace- rating by watering, is a sure way of killing tender plants in small pots.
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Give air whenever the thermometer rises to 70 deg. or under it, if the sun shines, keeping up your fire and bottom heat. Begin to propagate by the usual modes; attend to neatness and routine culture.
Dry-stove.(6176.) Min. 45 deg., max. with fire- heat, 50 deg. Give water and air as in January.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) deciduous trees and hedges, as in January; deciduous shrubs after the middle of the month.(6138. 6160. and 6189.)
Prune(2110.) as before, finishing Most sorts by the middle of the month, if possible.(6190.)
Dig(1864.) as before, and include the flower and shrubbery borders towards the end of the month. Sweep and roll gravel-walks and lawns(6191,); trim the edges of verges with a weeding-iron; remove mosses and weeds everywhere.(6201.)
Form and prepare jawns and gravel-walks, as directed for last month.(2100. and 2101.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. Sow kernels and fruit-stones(7011. and 7016.); lay quince, walnut, and mulberry trees; plant cuttings of the gooseberry, currant, and elder. Lay or graft the berberry, bazel-nut, and filbert. 7031.) Preserve cuttings of the vine and fig in dry earth(4809.) 5 plant suckers of the raspberry; prepare for grafting.(2043.)
Ornamental shrubs. Sow hardy deciduous sorts; lay and plant cuttings, and take off suckers for pro- ition; plant out in nursery rows, and prune deciduous kinds.(7031.)
’rly cabbage and cauliflower lants for early= ‘= E 4 Forest trees.(6982. to 7031.) Sow mountain ash,
hornbeam, wild cherry, hawthorn, ash-keys, hazel-
Mushroom-beds._ Protect established beds, and Ft. nut, acorms, walnuts, Spanish and horse chestnuts,
spawn new ones(c beds by linings.(1976.)
30.): keep up the heat of all hot-
&e,
A
ee ge
es ha
antl
ee ee Sen re
holly and yew in the last fortnight. Plant cuttings
of poplar, elder, and willow; lay in seedling larches;
gather pine and larch cones,(6982.
Fork up(1872.), dig(1864.), or trench(1870.), be-
tween nursery rows, not intended for removal this season(7037.); weed and remove decayed leaves, attending as much as possible to order and neat-
ness.(2359.)
10.‘Trees.— Permanent plantations, and
park-scenery, Plant(2077.) fences of deciduous trees(6820.)
5
forest trees of all the deciduous sorts, in mild
1150 KALENDARIAL INDEX.
weather; ornamental deciduous sorts, tender, in fine weather,
Prune(2110.) deciduous sorts, excepting such sorts as are apt to bleed, as the wild cherry, birch, and sycamore, or the resinous and evergreen tribes which are best pruned in summer, autumn, or late in spring.
Thin and fell timber and young trees, as for last month: remember not to touch bark-woods this month.(6905, and 6954.)
Operate(1862.) on ground, with a view to forming roads, pieces of water, and other effects of land-
+ SCape-gardening.(7195)
not very
MARCH. jr 7 i_| Average of ee Average|: REMARKS. Weather| the Ther- fontine ofthe| Quantity‘The beginning of March usually concludes the winter; at| mometer. eae a| Barometer.@f Rain.| and the end of the month is generally indicative of the ys age.| succeeding spring; according to the proverb,‘* March =“_~—————_ comes in like a lion, and goes out like a lamb.’ London. 4604 4 30 20| 0-716 inch.! Saxons called this month the lengthening month, in allu- Edinburgh| 41 7 28 886 1455 sion to the increasing of the days. Diblin't=| 44 09 29 707 2-364 period of the gardener’s year is the
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: the ring-dove(Columba palam- bus) coos, the white wagtail(Motacilla alba) sings, and the yellow wagtail(Motacilla Slava) appears; the earthworm(Lumbricus terrestris), and the snail (Helix), and slug(Limaz), engender,
Second week: the jackdaw(Corvus moneedula) be- gins to come to churches; the tomtit( Parus ceeru- deus) makes its spring note 3 brown wood-owls (Strix ulula) hoot; and the small tortoise-shell butterfly(Papilio urtice, L.) appears.
Third week: the marsh titmouse(Parus palustris) begins his notes; various flies(Musce) appear; the fox(Canis vulpis) smells rank; the turkey- cock(Meleagris gallo-pavo) struts and gobbles.
Fourth week: the yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella) and green woodpecker(Picus viridis) sing; rooks, ravens(Corve), and house-pigeons (Columbi) build; the goldfinch(Fringilla carduelis) sings; field-crickets(Scurabeus) open their holes; and the common flea(Pulex irritans) appears.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London.
In the first week: various species of the pine, larch, and fir tribes in full flower; the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), the willow(Saléir), and bay(Laurus nobilis), in blossom; various trees and shrubs beginning to open their buds.
Second week: the common honeysuckle(Lonicera periclymenum) and some roses in leaf; crocus ver- nus, and other subspecies, and some scilla, in flower; pilewort(Ficaria) and creeping crowfoot (Ranunculus repens), hepatica and elder(Sambucus nigra), sometimes in leaf.
Third week: saxifraga oppositifolia, draba verna, daphne pontica and collina, and lonicera nigra, in flower.
Fourth week; the peach and nectarine, apricot, corchyrus japonicus, pyrus japonica, crown-imperial, saxifraga crassifolia, buxus sempervirens, and other plants in warm situations in flower, or just ad- vancing to that state.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary veget- ables.
Sow(2071.) the main crops of most esculents. Drum-headed and Scotch cabbages for field-culture. (3492.) Peas(3601.), beans(3616.), lettuce(3970.), spinage(3771.), and small salads every fortnight. (4079.) Indian cress(4119.), a few savoys(3519.) for an early crop; and towards the end for a full crop. Onions(3816.) for a full crop; and leeks (3835.), some red and white cabbage(3492. and 3512.), full crops of carrots(3718.) and parsneps.(3727.) Asparagus in the third week.(5862.) Cauliflower in the last fortnight, for a full crop(3548.); bore- coles(3529.), and Brussels sprouts for autumn and winter crops.(3524.) In the last fortnight, sea- kale(3902.), cardoons(3933.), turnips(3698.) celery (4003,), alisanders(3950.), and most culinary aro- matics, as parsley, dill, fennel,&c.(4081.) In the last week. summer savoys(3519.), and mustard tor
Plant(2077.), in the first fortnight, horse-radish (4114.), licorice(4245.), chives, shallots, and gar- lic(3810.), old store onions, as scallions or small bulbs for a full crop of large bulbs. Jerusalem artichokes and sea-kale, and in the last fortnight, potatoes for a full crop.(3676.)
Temporary coverings(2206.): continue these as in last month.
Propagate edible perennials by slips and offsets (1988. and 1989)
Transplant the brassica tribe, lettuce, and aspa- ragus. Fill up vacancies.(2496.)
Dig,&c. as in last month(1864.) from composts and earths in heaps or hills.(1977. and 1981.),
Destroy insects.(2280.)
Store-room. Remove decaying articles, and admit plenty of air,&c.(1704. and 1705.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
seed.(4027.)
Plant(2077.) fruit-trees in general. The fig(4851.) and mulberry may now be planted.(4607.) Finish planting gooseberry-trees before the middle of the month, and currants and raspberries by the end. (4642. 4670. and 4696.) Alpine and wood: straw- berries may be planted, though autumn is preferable. (4717.)‘
Protect roots by mulching(2098.), and trees coming into blossom by the usual means.
Prune(2110.) till the middle of the month 3 but finish then if possible. If not, apricots may be pruned till the Sth(4532.), peaches and nectarines till the 15th(4498.), gooseberries to the 7th, red and white currants to the 10th or 12th, and the black currant to the 20th.(4646. and 4675.)
Dig and dress between rows of currant-trees, and other fruit-trees where this operation has not been done before. Dress any strawberry beds you have not been able to do before.(4719.)
Destroy insects.(2280.)
Fruit-room.(2298.) Examine the fruit in the room; take care not to leave open the door of the cellar sa as to raise its temperature above 40 degrees.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without heat. Sow kidneybeans to receive a few weeks’ protection. Remove frames from cauliflower-plants.(3545.)
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Go on with hot-beds for cucumbers and melons.(3164.) Sow a few turnips on a gentle hot-bed to come in early.(3399.) Sow all sorts of culinary annuals. Give air and apply linings to maintain the proper temperatures.(1976.) Attend to pine suckers and crowns; shift any that may require larger pots, and examine the roots of such as are sickly.(2718.)
Pinery.(2697.) Keep sowing kidneybeans, and filling spare corners with strawberry-pots for suc- cession. See that your bark-pit be in proper heat, and attend to the temperature for this month, and the other points of culture, Pines are now generally shifted.(2918.)
Forcing department.(2940.) Attend to the cul- ture of each particular kind; and generally to keep down insects by watering; promote setting of fruit by air, and encourage growth by steaming or filling the house with vapors by powerful fires and water- ings over the leaves and every part of the house.
6 Flower-B* 0
jqrtnent }
€ vy fers month 18 prele
(906:
7, Flower ment.
Glass case Wt alpines and pro and be discreet quricula-frames eeping them 2 come up with i! nificent trusses planting, they W sown in the opel of the hardy suet
Hot-beds and} ow half-hardy ¢ transplanting(0 ¢ annuals at any pe tuberoses in pots and other flower desirable hardy fi house and hot-ho way, Plant cuts
Greenehouse,(0: thermometer, 12 45 deg, with fires! in this month, J (6627. me
Dry-stove.(61/0: month will be 99| very little fire-he see that what you not escape betwe pot, Give air fr
Bark, or moist as in last month, ous growth, shif water over the to the house close t the temperature
8, Pleasur
Plant(2077.) cidyous hedges;
1. Kalend London.
In the first w Woodlouse(Oni thrush(Turdus and spawns an
Second week: "emis) clamors pear; the phe ‘Salmo truta) ri
MY tor, Not rey
ia SUCH sorts i raped ne, ee tres
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Cncades the win| erally indicat md the proverb,“March! uh Uke lamb,”‘hel ecg men in a] NS The mst borigud 8 the lat half of this
|
f Apr, a
rg Dore-ratih 8, shalt, and par a8 stallions or sul ge bulbs, Jerusalem Li the at fortnight, 0,
Qs continue thes as als by sips and ofits rib, lett, anda,
(EA) fm camests (197, and 181)
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planted.(fi) Fini
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(9p), and trees comuay
alls, dle of the math; fu
aries to the 7th el 2 hor 12th, andthe ba and 4675, rows of currant e this operation any stranberny bel fore,(4719)
mon}
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6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow(2071.) hardy annuals(6507.) in the second, third, and last week; and some of the more robust half-hardy annuals about the end of the month. (6513.) Such biennials as flower the same year, as honesty, scabious, bastard rocket, sweet allyson, clary, Chinese hollyhock, and Indian pink.(6505.) Biennials in general, and also perennials towards the end of the month.(6493.)
Propagate by rooted slips and offsets; but next month is preferable for rootless slips.and cuttings. (2063.)
Plant dried roots; finish with the anemone and ranunculus in the first fortnight.(6256. and 6875.)
Transplant annuals from the patches in the bor- ders, and biennials and perennials trom the flower- garden nursery, into their final sites.(6110.)
Shelter choice border and all florists’ flowers in severe weather.(2206.)
Dig, dress, hoe, rake,&c. only in dry weather. Clean up all borders, and prepare vacant ground. (1864. to 1881.)
Bees. Feed weak hives as in last month.(1748.)
7. Flower garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without heat.(2686.) Take care of alpines and prolonged annuals, remove all weeds, and be discreet in your waterings.(2078.) Cover auricula-frames in very severe nights(6375.); by keeping them rather warm at this season they will come up with fine tall stalks to support their mag- niticent trusses. Sow half-hardy annuals for trans- planting, they will come into flower as soon as those sown in the open air last month.(6513,)‘Take care of the hardy succulents.(6592.)
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) In the first fortnight sow half-hardy annuals on a slight hot-bed_ for transplanting to come in first.(6513.) Sow tender annuals at any period of the month.(6725.) Plant tuberoses in pots for forcing.(6323.) Force roses and other flowering or odoriferous shrubs and all desirable hardy flowers in pots. Sow seeds of green- house and hot-house plants to be propagated in this way. Plant cuttings for the same end.(2063.)
Green-house.(6211.) Make no fires unless the thermometer, in the open air, falls to cordega; 45 deg. with fire-heat will be a good medium heat in this month. Begin to propagate by cuttings. (6627.)
Dry-stove.(6176.) A good medium heat for this month will be 55 deg. which may be kept up with very little fire-heat. Give water moderately, but see that what you do give wets the earth, and does not escape between the ball and the edge of the pot. Give air freely in fine weather.
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Give air in general, as in last month. If you wish to promote a vigor- ous growth, shift your plants into a rich compost, water over the top about three o’clock, and then shut the house close up for the night. Do this only when the temperature has been up to 80 deg.(2205.)
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) deciduous trees and shrubs, also de- eiduous hedges; finish as early as possible, unless
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
1151
the season be unusually backward. Evergreens of the hardier sorts towards the end of the month. (6541. and 6572.)
Prune(2110.) deciduous trees and cut hedges, and finish this work as early as possible. In pruning plants, where the chiet object is their flowers, attend to their mode of bearing these. In short, never begin to cut a tree before having a clear and distinct idea of what you wish to attain—is it health, shape, size, leaves, shoots, flowers, or roots?
Dress winter and autumn dug shrubberies. Mulch, stake, water, and attend to neatness.(2359. Dress and roll turf and gravel; attend to the mar- gins with the turf-raser.(1317.)
Form and repair gravel-walks. In some situations imitation gravel-walks require to be turned every two or three years and partially renewed.(1960.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. Sow kernels for stocks; lay the vine and the fig(4808. and 4848.); plant cuttings and eyes of the vine in the open air, or in pots, to be placed in a moist heat. Graft towards the middle of the month, or sooner or later, according to the season. Plant out seedling stocks in nursery rows.(7031.) Head down newly budded and gratted trees not intended to be removed.(2039.)
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Sow seeds of the hardier sorts. Evergreens may be sown in the last week, Finish laying deciduous kinds, plant cuttings and suckers, and graft some rare sorts towards the
end of the month, Plant out layers, cuttings, and suckers in nursery rows.(7031.)
Forest trees.(6982.) Sow nuts, keys, and berries, and also birch and alder seed. In the last fortnight begin to sow evergreens. Plant cuttings, suckers, &c. as in February. Plant out from the seed-bed or cutting-border in nursery lines. Dig between the rows of trees and shrubs not intended to be removed this season.
Weed, hoe, rake, and stir the surface in fine weather. Dig between nursery lines, where the plants are not to be removed.(6982. to 7031.)
Shelter and protect trom cold, birds, and vermin.
(2206. and 2289.). 10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Plant all sorts of deciduous trees and shrubs, the Scotch pine and larch firs.(6983.)‘Towards the end plant most sorts of evergreens.(6572.) Hedges of evergreens. Fill up blanks in plantations of two or more years’ standing.
Hedd down trees intended to stole for underwood, or to produce single leaders for timber-trees or poles.(6829 and 6894.)
Fell and thin trees and copse; but the barking sorts not till the end of the month, when they will part with the bark.(6041.)
Sow forests and woods; about the middle of the month is a good time, as the crows, rooks, and other vermin will be less likely to annoy the seeds, having the farmer’s progeny to attack.(6828.)
Operations on ground, and masonry, May now go on with the utmost vigor; the days having attained a sutticient length, and the weather being generally
dry: external brick walls for gardens, however, are better deferred till May, when all danger from | frost will be over,
APRIL.
re poh a
| yes-| Greatest| Average| REMARKS. Weather he Thee.| eee of eRe Quantity|The weather of this month is distinguished by the rapidity ‘ ne ter!| from the| parometer.| of Rain.| of its changes. It is generally stormy, intersperse with | ae oa| Average. al| gleams of sunshine, hail, snow, some frost, and occasion- —| ally violent storms of wind. Fruit-tree blossoms and| |~: half-hardy plants require protection and particular at- London-| 49 9| 3 29 77| 1:460 inch.) tention tine this month. The young ardener, while|
Edinburgh, 46 3| 29 873| 2°414 Dublin- SY 125 92 909| 2561
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
In the first week: the viper(Coluber berus) and
at work, may study the gemmation and foliation of trees, | and the gaiety and delicacy of newly expanded foliage.
Third week; the crested wren(Motacilla regulus) sings; the blackbird(Turdus merula), raven(Corvus corax), pigeon(Columba domestica), hen(Phasianus gallus), and duck(Anas boscha) sit; various insects ; and the feldtare(Turdus pilaris) is still here.
woodlouse(Oniscus asellus) appear; the mistletoe-| appear}| thrush(Turdus viscivorus) pairs; frogs(Rana) croak Fourth week: the swallow(Hirundo rustica) re- turns; the nightingale(Motacilla lucinia) sings;
and spawn; and moths(Phalene) appear.
the bittern(Ardea rotellaria) makes a noise; the
Second week; tle stone curlew(Charadrius cedic-; e 7 house-martin(Hirundo urbica) appears; the black-
nemus) clamors; young frogs(Rana temporaria) appear; the pheasant(Phasianus) crows;_ the trout
(Salmo truita) rises; and spiders(Aranee) abound.
cap( Motacilla atracapilla) whistles; and the common snake(Coluber natrix) appears.
ee ES
‘
ris a anemia Pte
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London.
In the first week: the daffodil(Narcissus pseudo. narcissus), the garden-hyacinth(Hyacinthus orien- talis), the wallflower(Cheiranthus cheiri), the cowslip Primula officinalis), the periwinkle(Vinca), sloe Prunus spinosa), and various other herbs and trees in flower.
Second week: the ground-ivy(Glecoma hederacea), gentianella(Gentiana acaulis), pulmonaria virginica, the auricula, iberis sempervirens, cynoglossum om- phaloides, and most of the common fruit-trees, and truit-shrubs in flower.
Third week: some robiniz, andromeda, kalmia, and other American shrubs; daphne laureola, ulmus campestris, chrysosplenium oppositifolium, mercu- rialis perennis, and other plants, in flower.
Fourth week: the beech(Fagus) and elm(Udmus) in flower; ivy-berries drop trom the racemes; the larch in leaf, and the tulip and some white narcissi and fritillaries in flower.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary vegetables.
Sow seakale for a full breadth; lettuce, small sa- lads, and radishes, twice or thrice in the month. Peas and beans(3601, and 3617.), broccoli thrice(3555.), borecoles in the first week(3529.), cabbages and savoys twice(3492, and 3519.), spinage for succession (3771.), turnips twice(3698.), silver-skinned onions every three weeks during summer for drawing; onions, leeks, and cardoons, in the first week, tor a general crop(3929.); celery, in the first fortnight, for a general crop(4603.), mustard for seed(4027.), carrots, in the second or third week, for a main crop(3717.), kidneybeans, in the second week, for an early, and in the last week for a late crop(3634.); asparagus and parsneps, in the first or second week, but not later(3727.); red beet, in the third week, for a full crop, and also nasturtiums, salsify, scor- zonera and skirret.(3740.) Sow culinary aromatics and herbs, if not done in March.(4131.)
Propagate by bulbs and dried roots.(1987.) Finish planting the main crops of potatoes.(3676.)
Propagate perennial culinary plants by slips and offsets, as all the pot-herbs, aromatics,&c.(1988.)
Transplant lettuce, cabbages, seakale, celery, and cauliflowers.(2079.)
Dress artichoke and asparagus beds, or compart- ments,(3925, and 3884.) Hoe and thin spinage, onions, turnips; earth up cauliflowers and cabbages, seakale for blanching, peas, beans, and potatoes, Stick peas, tie up lettuces, destroy weeds, and stir the ground in fine weather.(2591.)
Attend to insects, and.to the store-room,(2280. and 6980.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant cherries, plums, apples, and pears, till the 10th; apricots and gooseberries till the 5th; peaches and nectarines till the 15th; but defer till autumn what you cannot accomplish by this period, unless the season is unusually backward.(2077.)
Protect as in last month.(2206.)
Prune, if you have delayed it; but expect vines to bleed, and stone-fruits in general to be much injured by the operation, if not performed very early in the month, and even that is too late. In the last days of the month, rub off the buds of vines which appear where you do not wish shoots.(4826.)
Routine culture. Water, mulch, stake, and fence. Weed strawberry-beds, and pinch off runners, where you do not wish to have young plants.
Destroy insects, and especially the thrips, which will begin to appear on torward peach-trees; pick off caterpillars.(2280.)
Fruit-room. Turn, pick, wipe, and air the more choice dessert fruits; and look also to the baking apples and pears.(2298.)
Fruit-cellar, Attend to the temperature, and never break open a cask till you are in want of its contents.(2299.)
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass-case without artificial heat. If the season is backward, sow in the first week kidneybeans, to be protected till the weather is mild.(2686.)
Hot-beds. Continue preparing a succession of beds for ridging and hilling out cucumbers and melons. Sow, transplant, shift,&c. all esculents, or pot-herbs, which are tender annuals, as gourd, basil, love- apple, capsicum. Maintain the proper degrees of
KALENDARIAL INDEX,
heat by linings. See to pine-suckers, Plant crowns and suckers taken off in the winter.(2712. to 2717.)
Pinery. Attend to routine culture: shift the plants, reinforce the bottom heat, water and give air as judgment founded on experience, reflection and vigilant attention shall direct, The Pine is a very ditticult plant to kill, but it requires constant and powerful heat, and rich loamy soil, and also water more abundantly than is often given to it, to produce large, well flavored fruit; attend to minor articles grown or forced in the pinery, as vines, fruit-trees in pots, cucumbers, kidneybeans, and strawberries.(3338.)
Forcing department. All that it is proper, in our opinion, to say here, is guard against supinenegs: there is much less danger from your ignorance than from your indifference or want ot vigilance.”(2360.)
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment,
Sow annuals; all the sorts fora main crop, or for a succession, if you have sownthem in March(6507.); half-hardy annuals in warm borders there to re- main.(6513.) Biennials and perennials should be sown as early in the month as possible.
Propagate by rooted and unrooted slips and off- sets.(1988.)
Transplant all sorts from the nursery to the bor- ders(2079.); tender and half-hardy annuals from the hot-beds to the borders.(6509.)
Routine culture. Weed, hoe, rake, stir the sur- face, remove all decayed leaves and stalks as soon as the plants have done flowering, unless you select a stalk or two occasionally for seed: Never leave all the flower-stems for this purpose, and seldom all the pods or seed-vessels which are on a stem, as that would weaken the plants.
Protect your auriculas from the extremes of every description of weather: if placed ona stage facing the north, or set on a shaded payed platform about three feet high, they will be better than if conti- nued in the frames.(6383. and 6384.)
Destroy insects, and especially pick the grubs from the leaves of rose-trees: if you do not attend to this, you will have no blow worth looking at. (2280.)
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat. Alpines may how be entirely uncovered, and also prolonged an- nuals and most half-hardy sorts; a few half-hardy annuals may still be sown, if not done in proper season.(6513.)
Hot-beds and pits. Shift frequently such tender annuals as you mean to come to a handsome size, more especially balsams.(6481.) Sow more seed, if you have not enough of plants; plant out some in the borders to grow strong broad plants, especially balsams and combs in very warm situations. Plant tuberose roots, and shift those which are coming forward, if they appear to be stinted in their growth. (6323.) Attend to pots of cuttings, and seedlings from either of the following departments(6683,):— Green-house._ Fire-heat may generally be dis- pensed with in this month. Go on propagating by all the methods in use; this is the fittest season of the year: a good deal depends on taking off, making, and putting in the cuttings, but nothing will answer, if constant attention is not paid to keep them in a medium state as to air, heat, and mois- ture afterwards.(6634.)
Dry-stove. No fire will here be necessary, except- ing when the thermometer in the open air is under 40 deg. or 42 deg. Propagate by the usual means, which in general for succulents is cuttings; attend to bulbs now coming into flower.(6654. and 6658.) Bark or moist stove. Go on, as in last month, shifting, propagating, and stimulating as the nature of the different hot-house plants requires, and as your views or duties inculcate: never forget neat- ness, and removal of dust, insects,&c.(6688. to 6716.)
8, Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) such sorts of deciduous shrubs as you deemed too tender to plant last month; but finish this work in the first week. Plant a few roses as late as you can, in order to retard their coming into bloom: or, if you can afford the time and room, place potted roses in the ice-cold cellar in autumn, and do not take them out till the August following, by this means you will have a fine show in October
per(9 peginnin 601%), uch deci’ month}
grasse 6 ch trees, ke? attend to 84
fow est yel all
the pear, puns an orafted trees, ale’ such balls as m4) suckers, and pine the grafts. (Ornamental tree ciduous sorts, a5© presses, and other end of the month borders of soft pea (6989, to 7091.
Forest trees, Fin
1, Kalendar o!
London.
coos; the red wren(Mot Musca vomitoria), t tata), grasshopy willow-wren Third week; var.) appears; b! the large bat ay Fourth week; Papilio brassicu) a aia) appear; t ml, or goat-suckel
2, Kalendar of London,
Second week+ the, castanea), hawth
common maple Bsculus hinnoe
erally in leaf, and
EINE to gyay its}
Sia a
at it 1 prope, ny
AFAINS spineneg. ignorance thy Dtvigilance.”(g33
pen ground de
OA Mainetp, or for hemi Mach) harden thet to te, Pete should he Sposile
Unrooted slips and of,
Nhe nursery to the br iw annuals from the }
Doe, rake, sti thes, Ves ad stalks as soon as Ng, Unless you seat a r seed, Never leare al purpose, and seldom al) ch ate ona stem, a that
om the extreme of rery placed ou tage fing ed pared platform sbout be better than if enti. and specily pick the grubs ees! if you do notated 0 blow worth looking a,
— Hoi-house dep.
‘cial heat, Alpin 12 and also prlogel a y sorts afew bl har n, if ot done 1 pet
ft frequently uch come to a handsne ik, 6461.) Sow m plants plant cut ul i s broad plan ee" y wrarm situations, 2 “those which ate Om be stinted in thet pi. f cuttings, sg departs(i 5 may gol +, Go om prpetn this isthe fits- | depends 01 ete he cutting’, a tention is pot pal"‘i 5{0 ally heat, on
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and November(6554.) Evergreens, the hardiest sorts at the beginning, and the less so at the end of the month.(6572.)
Prune such deciduous shrubs as you have ne- glected last month; evergreens from the middle to the end of the month.(6884.)
Form and repair lawns, by procuring and laying turf, and by sowing grass-seeds. Where it is de- sired to destroy moss on-extensive lawns, fold sheep till it be trod down and killed by pressure and ma- nure; on small lawns, roll. In shady, damp situ- ations, however, moss makes a better lawn than grass, and it should be encouraged by forming the surface of lawns of bog earth in all situations where grasses do not thrive, as in towns, under close trees,&c. Mow established lawns twice a-month; attend to gravel and margins.(6191.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees.(4551.) Finish sowing kernels for stocks, or new varieties. Plant cuttings of the vine, fig, gooseberry, and currant, if it has been unavoid- ably delayed till this unfavorable season. Graft the pear, plum, and apple.(2013.) Attend te newly grafted trees, and repair cracks in the clay, or renew such balls as may have dropped off; eradicate all suckers, and pinch off shoots that protrude below the grafts.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Finish sowing de- ciduous sorts, as early as possible. Sow cedars, cy- presses, and other ornamental evergreens about the end of the month. Sow in pots or boxes, or in shady borders of soft peat earth. Transplant evergreens. (6982. to 7037.)
Forest trees. Finish sowing common tree-seeds,
KALENDARIAL INDEX. 1153
and commence witi the resinous tribe, the iarehes, firs, and pines; the cypresses, arbor-vites,&c. Finish planting deciduous trees in nursery rows, as early as possible.(7007.) Evergreens may be trans. planted during the month. Kiln-dry the cones of the cedar and fir tribe, but not of the pine tribe: and get the seeds out in time for sowing the end of this month or beginning of next.(6984.)
10. Trees.——- Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Sow for forests and woods, and all sorts of profit- able plantations in masses. Observe it is rather late for nuts, berries, and keys, but this is the proper season for small seeds.(7016.)
Plant evergreen trees, as pine, fir, cedar of Le- banon, holly, and yew during the month; but finish planting deciduous sorts as early as possible.(7007.) Wherever the plants are to be, or have been long out of ground, take good care to dry up their roots, by exposing them as much as you can to the sun and air; do not be nice in planting.
Routine culture. Begin to hoe and clean the ground in plantations, which have been made on prepared ground. Crop the ground in newly made plantations, where cropping is intended.
Operations on ground or rocks may now be pro- secuted with vigor. This is also one of the best months fur building. Road-making, draining, fene- ing,&c. are advantageously performed during this and the two preceding months. But improvements can neither be well designed nor executed after the trees are covered with leaves, and the ground’s sur- face and qualities disguised by luxuriant herbaceous vegetation.
MAY. | awe: al Greatest sMeraee| REMARKS. , é v a> OF RS 4 oY Seer= P 5
Weather|‘the Ther-| Variation|“oF the Quantity| Vegetation now goes on with great vigor, though there are at ede from the| Barometer. of Rain.| often very cold and even frosty nights, which materially |} Average.|| injure exotics, natives of the warmer climates, such as eee ee——————_-———_ the_ potatoe, dahlia, kidneybean,&c. The human ani- || Li ith t others indi li a==*| mal, m common with most others indigenous to our cli- 5 3 Re 9 5 ¢‘ 79. sh. esa di 4 ee ate. 5 London| ae fa eu| ZO Pee‘ ihre inch mate, is generally in high spirits and vigor during this Beinburst) ae‘on|=) 061 1:812 month. Woe to the young gardener who exhausts his
Dublin- os~ eas ag| spirits in any other than in self-in)provement.
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
In the first week: the titlark(Alauda pratensis) sings; the cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) is heard; the gudgeon(Cyprinus gobio) spawns; the redstart (Motacilla pheenicurus), swift(Hirundo apus), white- throat(Motacilla sylvia), and stinging-fly(Conops calcitrans) appear.
Second week: the turtle-dove(Colwmba turtur) coos; the red ant(Formica rubra), the laughing wren(Motacilla curucca), the common flesh-fly (Musca vomitoria), the lady-cow(Coccinella bipunc- tata), grasshopper-lark(dlauda locuste voce), and willow-wren(Motacilla salicaria) appear.
Third week: the blue flesh-fly(Musca vomitoria, var.) appears; black snails(Heléantgra) abound; and the large bat appears.
Fourth week: the great white cabbage-butterfly (Papilio brassica) and dragon-fly(Libellula 4-macu- lata) appear; the glow-worm shines; and the fern- owl, or goat-sucker(Caprimulgus europeus), Ye- turns.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London.
In the first week: geum urbanum, artemisia cam- pestris, lily of the valley(Convadlaria majalis), water-violet(Hottonia palustris), tulip-tree(Lilio- dendron tulipifera), and numerous other plants, in flower.
Second week: the oak, ash, sweet chestnut(Fagus
castanea), hawthorn(Mespilus oxyacantha), the common maple(Acer campestre), horse-chestnut (ZEsculus hippocastanum), barberry(Berberis vil- garis), and the ajuga reptans in flower. ” Third week: the water scorpion-grass, or forget- me-not(Myosotis sgorpivide. limestree(Tilia), milk-wort(Polygala vulgaris), nightshade(dtropa belladonna), and various American shrubs, in flower; and rye(Secale hybermwm) in ear.
Fourth week: oaks, ashes, and beeches now ge-
nerally in leaf, and the mulberry(Morus nigra) be-
ginning to open its buds; the cinnamon-rose and
some other hardy roses in flower; and also the bramble(2ubus fruticosus), moneywort(Lystmachia nummularia), Columbine(Aquilegia vulgaris), and various other trees and shrubs, in blossom. Kitchen-Garden.— Culinary vegetables. Sow hardy aromatic herbs, if not done last month. Small salads four times in the month for a complete succession. Radishes and lettuce thrice.(3760. and 3970.) Peas and beans once a-week.(3601.) Spinage once a-fortnight.(3771.) Carrots, for late drawing, twice in the month.(3718.) Borecole, in the first week, fora second main crop.(5529.) Dwarf kidney- beans, in the first week, for a full crop in July; in the last fortnight, for crops in August and Septem- ber.(3633.) Borecole and Brussels sprouts for the last crop, and German greens to come in for spring. Savovs for the last crop.(8519.) Onions for draw- ing, young leeks to be late transplanted, cauliflowers in the second and third weeks for a Michaelmas crop.(3542.) The less hardy aromatic herbs, and pumpkins, the last fortnight.(4207.) Cucumbers for picklers on a dry warm border, in the last week.
>
Protection. Continue this, nightly, for kidney-
beans and tender plants transplanted from hot-beds. (2206.) : Propagate by bulbs and dried roots. If abund- ance of potatoes have not been planted, effect this as early as possible; in late situations they may be planted till the middle of June.(5676.)
Plant slips and offsets
Transplant the brassica tribe, lettuce, celery, ra- dishes, and other plants for seed.(2079.)
Routine culture. Stick peas, top early crops of
beans, and also of peas; earth up cabbages, beans, | peas, potatoes,&c. Thin, weed, hoe, and stir the | surface among seedling crops. Water in dry wea-
ther, support stems, pinch off all decayed leaves,&c. | Destroy insects and vermin.(2280.)
| 4, Hardy fruit department. Plant strawberries, if it has not been done last month.(4717.)
9)
SL
ski ee
tie
Si ace ae een emp
E154
_ Prune what trees you have neglected, and run the risk of losing, or leave them unpruned till autumn as a proof of vigilance and skill.(2360.) Summer prune vines, peaches, and other early shooting trees against walls, and such gooseberries as are planted there to produce upon early fruit.(2522.) Remove all suckers, excepting selected ones of raspberries, aiid pinch off strawberry runners as directed for last month.(4717.)
Routine culture. Mulch, protect, and water where necessary. Water strawberries over the herbage, and especially after the fruit is set.(4717.)
Destroy insects, especially snails and caterpillars. On the first symptoms of the leaves rolling up, un- roll them and pick out the grub before it does fur- ther mischief. Take special care it does not get at the petals of apple and pear blossoms.(2280.)
Fruit-room. Look over the fruit of every descrip- tion which the increase of temperature will now cause to taint rapidly.(2298.)
Fruit-cellar. Open a few casks of such dessert ap- ples and pears as are now wanted for the table. Close them as soon as you have taken out the pro- per quantity, and let them still remain in the cellar. (2298, and 2299.)
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Remove glasses from cauliflowers and kidneybeans, according to the weather. Sow capsicum under frames or hand- glasses in a warm border.(4271.)
Hot-beds. Go on with hot-beds for frames for melons, and build dung-ridges for growing cucum- bers under hand-glasses,(3262.) Sow cucumbers and melons for late crops, and attend to the various particulars in their culture. Attend to air, water, shade, insects,&c.
Pinery. Attend particularly to your fruiting plants, give abundance of heat and water, and keep down all manner of dirt, insects,&c.(2906.) Attend to minor articles cultivated in the pinery, and to routine culture of every kind. Think and act for yourself; kalendars too often mislead the ignorant who rely on them implicitly, not considering that no two cases are ever to be found alike.(2607.)
Forcing department. Produce the required tem- peratures, and attend to all the parts of good culture and neat management.(2611. and 2940.)
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow annuals of all sorts for succession. Biennials in the nursery compartment for a stock for next year.(6507. and 6513.)
Propagate, especially by cuttings from the stalks, as of wallflower, rocket,&c.(6505.)
Take up bulbs and tuber roots, as crocus, hyacinth, lily,&c.(6501.)
Transplant, as directed for the last month, stocks and other sorts in pots for winter.(2079.)
Protect tulip-beds and all rare florists’ flowers from the midday sun, the rain, and the winds.(2206.)
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, stir, weed, and clear away dead leaves. Do not neglect whenever rain has battered the ground, to stir it up and refresh it as soon as it is nearly dry. Stir the surface round close patches of annuals, and refresh and top-dress all pots of prolonged annuals, now in full flower or in seed. Keep all the primula tribe rather dry at this season, and in the shade of a north wall. Plunge the pots in ashes or sawdust.
Destroy insects, and pick the grubs off roses. De- tach seed-pods from all plants you do not wish to ripen seeds. Water, thin, and shade with judg- ment, and keep a vigilant eye to order and neatness. Shut yourself up in your room for two entire days, or go from home a similar time, and when you re- turn and look over the garden you will see many things that would have escaped you, had you gone on plodding day after day. Remember that such things are seen by others, and that though all may appear to you in good order, to another there may be much slovenliness and confusion.(7437. to 7439.)
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
Store-room. Lay up crocus and other bulbs and roots till wanted in the autumn,
> 7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat. These will now be chiefly employed with annuals in pots, for pro- longation and in striking from cuttings,&e,(2063.)
Hot-beds.(2678.) Go onas directed last month with your tender annuals. Plant a few tuberoses for succession.(6523.) Attend to cuttings and seedlings from the hot-house and green-house departments Shift and transplant as occasion requires.(2079.)
Green-house. Give abundance of air every day and in mild nights leave some all night: water over the top, and shut the house in the afternoon when you water. This invigorates growth wonderfully.
Propagate as before. Shift most of the plants examine their roots.,
Dry-stove.(6176.) Give abundance of air. Fires will not now be wanted, Look to bulbs, as soon as they have done flowering. Shift all such as require it, putting them into larger or smaller pots, accord- ing to their state, and your object.
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Give abundance of heat, air, and water, if you wish the plants to grow and flower vigorously.(6688. to 6716.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant deciduous trees and shrubs, but only to fill
up a vacancy, or to cause a check for the purpose of
late flowering. Immediately after performing the Operation, mulch, shade, and water.(2098.)- greens, especially the more tender sorts, but finish by the middle of the month.(6997.)
Prune(2110.) evergreens, finishing by the middle of the month.(6997.)
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, weed, water, stake, shade, shelter,&c. as circumstances require. Roll and mow once a-week, if showers are frequent, but once a-fortnight will do in dry weather.
Lay down turf, ifnot completed before, water well and roll immediately afterwards.(2101.)
Gravel-walks may still be formed and repaired, but the work should have been completed last month. Roll well with a heavy roller.(1956. to 1968.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees.(4361.) Look over grafted trees.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Sow the seeds of evergreens and American sorts, in the first and second weeks of the month. Lay and graft the ten- derer sorts of evergreens and Americans. Plant out tender evergreens and Americans in nursery rows, or in pots, for more convenient removal.(6562.)
Forest trees. Finish planting out evergreens, seedlings, and nurslings as early as possible. Sow poplar and willow seeds as soon as gathered. These seeds will not come up if kept a very few days out of the ground.(7024.)
Protect from all sorts of garden enemies, and at-
oyetad
tend to order and neatness.(2206. and 2356.) 10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Planting evergreens may still go on, if the wea- ther is dull and moist, but the sooner, it is finished the better.(6977.)
Pruning. Sang recommends this asa good season for pruning old oaks, because the wound heals quicker while the sap is flowing.
Fell oak woods and coppices, and other barking trees, but complete the operation about the middle of the month, or before.(6941.)
Routine culture. Attend to planted ground un- der, or to be put under, light culinary crops.(7037.)
Prepare ground for autumnal planting or forming of plantations by sowing, as the free-seeds ripen.
6817.)
Operate on ground for water, or other territorial improvements. Continue to build and execute plans determined on at an earlier season.
JUNE. | Greatest| REMARKS. Average of| yy Average A ae: Weather|‘the Ther- Variation|“of the oes|The weather is sometimes cold at the beginning, but is ge- we mometer.| from the Ba:ometer.|© 7*4!2+| nerally agreeable and steady towards the middle of the| | Average-| month. By observing the column indicating the greatest; |—|— variation of the thermometer in each pone it Ea be |=| laos. seen that it varies, in London, only two degrees in June, | London=| we 22| 2| ae po Giese which is less than in any of the preceding months. In! Ramee| sl 2| xO Be 0-360 July and August the variation is the same; but in March ublin| 58 76 {|
and October it is twice as much.{
1, Kalendat
Jondon
peetles, 4 is Fourth weer» begin to retire& 9, Kalende
London.
In the first© Nuphar flower j cottlla, polygon and numerous at!
Second weer« full flower; sma), broom(9 in the ear.
Third week:{ and xipbioides,| great variety of also the wheat ¢
Fourth we strawberries and shrubs have and barley in#0" rea cyanus), 200
3, Kitchen- ablis.
Sow peas and sa.) Cucumbel the first week.(24 week orton days. 4 agein the first wee! night, for s or 24th, for (308],) Chervil use, also purslane orts, for Sup
1 a
"
for succession, late i to be drawn young,
To save seed,\ and let them send
Protect when a
Propagate by bu weather,(1987,
Transplant(20) endive, lettuce, plants reared in h
Routine culture leaves in knots to stalk. Stick anc up finochio to| hoe, weed, and st with stakes, and 4 weather,
Taking crops.(2 ter use, Gather asparagus at the e
4, Hardy fn
Prune and trai scriptions of wall a
Thin out the s of all fruit-trees, do not require t
Routine cultur weed, hoe, and} over cherry-trees birds, Water st weather, desist ripen,
Destroy insects Water for the acc smoke against the Your fingers for th , at this seas OW Of garden ener
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1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: the sedge-sparrow(Passer arun- dinacea), the fly-catcher(Muscicapa atricapilla), the wasp(Vespa vulgaris), and several species of bee and butterfly appear.
Second week: the bumet-moth(Sphinw filipen- dula) and forest fly(Hippobosca equina) appear; bees swarm.
Third week: several flies, butterflies, moths, beetles, and other insects appear.
Fourth week: insects abound; and singing-birds begin to retire to the woods, and leave off singing.
2. Kalendar of yegetable nature round London.
In the first week: water-lilies(Nymphea et Nuphar) flower; also iris pseud-acorus, anthemis cotula, polygonum persicaria, malva rotundifolia, and numerous other plants.
Second week: the vine, raspberry, and elder in full flower; also various Scotch roses(Rosa spinosis- sima), broom(Spartium), nettle(Urtica), and wheat in the ear.
Third week: the orchis, epilobium, iris xiphium and xiphioides, the hardy ixie and gladioli, and a great variety of garden and field plants in flower; also the wheat and many of the pasture grasses.
Fourth week: some black and red currants ripe, strawberries in abundance; young shoots of trees and shrubs have nearly attained their length; oats and barley in flower; blue-bottle, scabious(Centau- rea cyanus), and numerous others, in bloom.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary veget- ables.
Sow peas and beans once a-week or ten days. (3601.) Cucumbers for picklers.( 4876.) Gourds i the first week.(4211.) Small salads and lettuce every week or ten days.(4078. and 3964.) Radishes and spin- age in the first week.(3771.) Kidneybeans every fort- night, for succession.(3633.) Endive about the 10th or 24th, for the main autumn and winter crops. (3981.) Chervil twice in the month for summer use, also purslane.(4088.) Cabbages, of quick-grow- ing sorts, for summer and autumn consumption, about the beginning and middle of the month. (3492.) Turnips in the first week, for succession; and in the second and third week for a full autumn crop.(3698.) Carrots(3717.) twice, for drawing young. Broccoli and borecole, in small portions, for succession, late in spring.(3555, and 3527.) Onions to be drawn young.;
To save seed. Mark out cauliflowers, lettuces,&c. and let them send up their flower-stems.(3953.)
Protect when and where necessary.(2206.)
Propagate by bulbs, roots, offsets, slips in showery weather.(1987.)
Transplant(2079.) the brassica tribe, cardoons, endive, lettuce, and other plants and herbs, also plants reared in hot-beds.
Routine culture.‘Tie up garlic and rocambole leaves in knots to check the progress of the flower- stalk. Stick and top peas; top beans; earth up finochio to blanch; also white beet. Thin, hoe, weed, and stir the ground as before. Support with stakes, and water as far as practicable; in dry weather.
Taking crops.(2290.) Cut and dry herbs for win- ter use. Gather ripe seed. Discontinue cutting asparagus at the end of the month.
4. Hardy fruit department.
Prune and train the summer shoots of all de- scriptions of wall and trellis trees.(2110.)
Thin out the summer shoots of fruit-shrubs, and of all fruit-trees, excepting high standards, which do not require this nicety.(2576.)
Routine culture. Mulch, water, fasten by stakes, weed, hoe, and rake where wanted. Throw nets over cherry-trees and protect the fruit from the pirds. Water strawberry plots every day in dry weather, desisting a little as the fruit begins to ripen.
Destroy insects. Strew sulphur over the mildew, water for the acarus; direct a stream of tobacco smoke against the aphis and thrips, but depend on your fingers for the thorough eradication of grubs, which, at this season, are by far the most mischiev- ous of garden enemics.(2280.)
Fruit-room and cellar. As in last month(2298.)
4
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Raise hand- glasses over cucumbers on props, and train out the runners, in the second or third week. Ridge out melons in good earth, in the last fortnight; cover with mats till the end of the third week.(5328.
QC
Hot-beds. Keep up adequate temperatures for ripening the fruits by linings. Reinforce melon ridges with linings.‘Train, prune, and impregnate as circumstances require. Attend to air, water, shade, and even nightly coverings after cold days. Keep up proper linings to your beds of pine- suckers.
Pinery. Attend to what was stated last month. If you want extraordinary large fruit, and do not mind losing the suckers, apply the usual means, viz. heat, water, and removal of all stem and root suckers.(2829.)
Forcing department. Sce last month. Keep up successive supplies of kidneybeans, strawberry, and fruit-trees in pots.(3338.)
6. EFlower-garden— Open ground de- partinent.
Sow a few hardy and half-hardy annuals for suc- cession, as before.(6507. and 6513.)
Propagate, by cuttings, such plants as are proper for this purpose, as they go out of flower. Pipe and lay pinks and camations towards the end of the month.(6406 and 6440.)
Take up bulbs and other tuberous roots, dry them in the shade and remove them to boxes or Crawers in the store-room, wrap the finer sorts in papers. (6501.)
Transplant(2079.) annuals in the borders and in pots for autumn and winter flowering. Biennials and perennials may also be transplanted into nur- sery rows at this season, or even where they are finally to remain.
Routine culture. Mow, weed, hoe, rake, thir, stir, and dress; and keep up as complete an ap-
earance of polish and high keeping as your strength of men and other means will permit.(6191. to 6201.) Shade, shelter, water, and attend to carnations coming into flower. Destroy earwigs and all manner of insects.(2280.) Go round the garden frequently and examine everything mi- nutely, and refiect on what might be done to pro- mote its growth and beauty. To aid you, imagine it to be a garden which you were sent to criticise, and to be paid according to the number of faults you found. Or imagine it your neighbor’s garden, or the garden of some one you hate.(7438, and 7439.)
7. Flower-garden— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat. ES leg the dianthus tribe by pipings under hand-glasses and frames.(6406.)
Hot.beds and pits. Put pots of carnations and pink pipings in gentle heat, it will facilitate their striking,(6406. and 6440.) Do not forget to give head- room to your balsams and other tender annuals, which should now be noble-looking plants. Attend to pots of cuttings and seedlings; also to young stove plants put into this department for more rapid advancement.
Green-house. As soon as the mulberry comes into leaf remove the plants to a fit situation in the open air. Some plunge them in ashes; but the major part set them on scoria, gravel, or pavement, in a partially shaded situation, a cold bottom and a certain degree of shade are essential to their well- doing.(6655.) eet
Dry-stove.(6176.) Give abundance of air night and day, but be moderate as to water. Cease to water bulbs soon after they have done flowering; let them go slowly into a state of hybernation, and then take them out of the pots and dry them.
Bark, or moist stove. Increase your heat with the lengthening day, and prolonged sun, and by consequence increase the concurring agents of vege- tation. Propagate by the usual means; save seeds where you can; destroy insects, and attend to neat- ness.(6688. to 6705.)
g. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Prune and regulate summer shoots, and take off suckers where not wanted to extend the bush or propagate the species.(6190.)
ye x9) yey
ee eae
a..._ pia
ee
an wa
1156
‘ Routine culture. Weed, hoe, rake, stir the sur- face, support climbers, regulate the shoots of creepers,&c. Water and roll any new-laid gravel to combine it properly with the rest. Dress, roll, and mow lawns and turf in every form. Keep your eyes open to every part of the grounds at this season’; for now perfect neatness and the utmost polish‘and high keeping is expected. Do not trust to what you are told to do in kalendars, but think for yourself: kalendars frequently make mere ma- chines of gardeners; for though man is a thinking animal, yet he is also a lazy imitative animal, and will not exert himself in any way, and not even think, unless urged on by some strong motive. All your faults will be discovered, sooner or later, and rely on it you will receive a proportionate disgrace from your neighbors or visitors; if you are atten- tive to your duty your merits will be discovered in like manner, and you will receive appropriate credit and reputation, which is your capital stock in trade, on which you depend for your livelihood.
(2372.)
9.‘Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. Begin budding during the last fort- night. Look over all your newly grafted and all other trees; rub off superfluous, irregular, or ill placed shoots and suckers, and tie weak grafts and dangling shoots from budded stocks to neat stakes. 9039) (2059.)
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Lay the summer shoots of roses, hard-wooded evergreens, and other
| |
| more choice pines may be thinned where too thick
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
sorts which are proper to be propagated in this manner. Put in cuttings of young wood properly ripened at the lower end. Bud rare sorts,(2056,)
Forest trees. Collect and sow elm-seed in the third or fourth week; or if you do not wish to sow it, lay it in the store-loft.(7023.) Seedlings of the and the thinnings planted and shaded about the end of the month.(6997.) Gather Scotch elm-seed from the middle to the end of the month.(7203.) At- tend to kitchen crops among transplanted trees and in vacant places in general.(7037.);
10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Fell oak-coppices, if it has not been done before, The middle of this month will prove a better time, as to the trees, than the middle of May, as they will not bleed so much: but the bark will not peel so well.(6941. to 6957.)
Prune and thin the side shoots of the present season, from established trees.(6884.)
Routine culture. Stake newly planted tall hedge- row trees, where not done before. Attend to weeds everywhere, and to ground under-crop. Prepare ground for autumn sowing or planting.
Operations on ground and buildings are carried on at this season with less advantage than in the three preceding months. The ground is hard and difficult to penetrate; and the moisture in new- built masonry dries too rapidly.
T y TILES Greatest mi, anes REMARKS. abe Sine| athe|| Quantity|This was called hay month by the Saxons, and in it are more > mometer from the Barometer.|° Rain. plants in flower than during any other. The young gar-
Average.
| | ve) re iI | Weather Average, of Variation | |
dener should now devote a considerable portion of his} time to collecting and drying specimens, duplicates, and
London- Aa& 2| 99 89| 2-194 iadind triplicates, in order to acquire a stock to exchange with Edinburch| 60.6 99 445 9-546| brother-gardeners or naturalists; or with booksellers, ap a Sdinburg| 2‘‘
Dublin- 61 13 29 1929 2-614
thecaries, students, schcolmasters, and clergymen, for the} loan of books, and for aid and instruction in study.|
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
in the first week: the cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) leaves off singing; the stone-curlew(Charadrius cedicnemus) whistles occasionally late at night; and the golden-crested wren(Motacilla regulus) now and then chirps.
Second week: the quail(Tetrao ferrugineus) calls; the cuckoo-spit, or frog-hopper(Cicada spumaria), abounds,
Third week: young frogs migrate; hens moult.
Fourth week: the great horse-fly(Tabanus bovinus) appears; and partridges fly.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London.
In the first week: enchanter’s nightshade(Circe@a lutetiana) and lavender(Lavandula spica) in flower, and pinks and carnations in full bloom.
Second week: the fallen star(Tremedla nostoc) ap- pears, also puff-balls(Lycoperdon bovista), and some- times the common mushroom(Agaricus campestris).
Third week: raspberries and gooseberries ripe, potatoes in flower, asparagus in berry, the liliums in perfection.
‘ourth week: the truffle(Tuber cibarium) now hunted or dug up in commons and forests; night- shade(Solanum nigrum), devil’s bit(Scabzosa succisa), burnet-saxifrage(Pimpinella saxifraga), and a great number of plants in flower.
3. Kitchen-garden.—Culinary vegetables.
Sow(2071.) salads and lettuce in shady situations, for successional crops. Turnip-radish for an autumn crop.(3760.) Kidneybeans, in the first week, for a late full crop.(3633.) Peas and beans, in the first week, and a fortnight afterwards try a small sowing for a late crop.(8601.) Endive, in the first week, to come in at the close of autumn; in the third week, for a winter crop.(3981.) Broccoli, before the 10th, for a late spring crop.(3557.) Finochio, for succession, in the first fortnight.(4099.) Round- leaved spinage, in the first week, in a shady bor- der for a succession.(8771.)‘Triangular-leaved, or prickly spinage, in the last week, in poor ground to
bages, in the first week, for autumn use, and in the last week, for winter and spring.(3499.) Carrots, in the first week, in a shady border.(3718.) Turnips twice or thrice, in showery weather.(3698.) Welch onions; for autumn onions, sow the bulbing sorts in the last week to stand the winter.(3816.) Cori- ander and borage for young crops.(4222. and 4197.)
To save seed. Mark out the brassica tribe, and other esculents in perfection, and let them shoot up flower-stems.
Propagate by slips, offsets,&c. where not done before, and where plants have completed their in- florescence, and are to be cut down as tarragon and other pot-herbs.(4093.)
Transplant(2079.) as before, and include celery and celeriac, endive,&c.
Routine culture Stick and top peas and kidney- beans, top common beans, train cucumbers and gourds, earth up the leguminous crops and pota- toes; hoe, thin, and stir the surface wherever ne- cessary, among all descriptions of crops; water, as far as your time will permit, and particular crops require.
Taking crops.(2290.) Take up shallots, and dry them for winter use; also rocamhole and garlic when ready. Gather ripe seeds and onions, and cut herbs in blossom, drying and storing both. Gather the fruit of young gourds for pies, stews, and pick- ling.
Destroy insects, and ward off vermin.(2276.)
r
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant strawberries in the open garden; and in pots for next winter’s forcing.(4717.
Prune, train, thin, and regulate all the summer shoots of wall and espalier trees, and dwarf and tall standards.(2573.)
Routine culture. Hoe and weed fruit-tree bor- ders. Hang up nets, water and mulch where neces- sary. Water alpine strawberries, which will now be in full bearing, every third or fourth day, unless in a shady situation.
Destroy(2276.) insects: keep earwigs, ants, boys, and idle women from fruits, as cherries,&c. ap- proaching to a state of ripeness.
Fruit-room.(2298.) This will now be empty; clean and wash every part of it, and air it well for
stand the winter.(3775) York and sugar-loaf cab-} occasional summer and next winter’s use.
fi fea e
cases he yom0ve'
ase
“ass 6 Gila nm
melons and bs, 164. and o! Hot-beds ane, give alt and W e 2. collect ings og nines.(2), Pinery. You
Set
abundance use He
crops are ing, as far and fr¢ nt,
th
6, Flower partment. Sow a few ar
ation 1D[
t
ripen, and ar
7. Flower- ment.
Glass case wit
Weather Ay: t
1. Kalen London,
Inthe first dees kill their terfly(Papitio 7
Second wee k Swallows(Hiruy mitts(Hirundg
Uurrel-fly(Bstps
(05,
; belore,
ng all irds 10)
ward off 1e> opartnell depart
7 the opt e
sliet trees, and
je and weet lo j nue er and
g fr fripenes
This© jart 0 dnext 1
Fruit-cellar. 2299.) If-you have attended pro- perly to casking up keeping-apples and pears, you will still have a supply, and even of grapes in some cases, If the cellar gets too warm, the casks should be removed to the ice-house.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Plant out melons and cucumbers shading and watering,&c. (3164. and<
Hot-beds and pits. Prune melons and cucumbers; give air and water, and attend to shading and weed- ing; collect mushroom-spawn; attend to young pines.(2718.)
Pinery. You will now begin to cut fruit in abundance. See to the stools: earth them up, so as to cause the suckers to strike root: put them into a brisk bottom-heat, and give proper supplies| of water. You will thus gain much time, and profit from the expiring strength of the parent plant as long as possible.‘This is the true way to truit a pine-plant in eighteen months or even less time. Suckers thus treated will, next spring, be equal to tw ear-old plants.(2936.
Forcing-houses. Expose those houses, where crops are taken, to the natural climate, by remov- ing, as far as possible, the roof, and even the ends and front, if they are moveable.(3110.)
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow a few annuals, for succession, and prolong- ation in pots through winter.(6507.)
Propagate(6490.) from cuttings of plants going out of flower; from rooted slips of such as are ripening their seed, as auriculas and the primula tribe; go on piping and laying the dianthus tribe. (6412.)
Take up bulbs as they go out of flower: this work should generally be completed by the end of the first week, unless for the lily tribe, the colchicum, and a few others.
Transplant late sowings of annuals, and also bi- ennials and perennials, into nursery rows.(2079.)
Routine culture. Eradicate all weeds the moment they appear: keep the surface always fresh, and rather rough, never smooth and battered. It is better to have little clods and knots of earth, than to have a naked or dug surface as smooth as a table. The clods and knots make variety of light and shade, and are besides more favorable for the admission of air, heat, and water to the roots. Shade, shelter, and water. Gather seeds as they ripen, and dry them in the seed-room or lofts, the windows being open. Destroy insects; cut out broken stalks, and diseased parts of plants. Cut down stalks which have done flowering, and remove all decayed leaves.
Gather flowers neatly with a knife, and so as not to disfigure the plant.(6196.) Gather in general from the reserve-garden, so as not to disfigure the borders.‘
Store-room.(1704.) Look over your bulbs now and then, to see that none get mouldy. See also to your newly put-up seeds.(1705.
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment. Glass case without artificial heat.
AUGUST.
| Greatest | Average of| at
(2686.) Most of| cavating for water,&c.
KALENDARIAL INDEX. 1157
these, at this season, are given up to the kitchen- garden, or used to protect at nights the tender an- nuals, some of which, as the humble and: sensitive plant, cannot so well be put out in the borders. (6724. and 6725.)
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.)_ Little use is now made of them by the florist, unless for propagation of stove plants. Attend to cuttings from whatever department. If you are endeavoring to flower the more delicate aquatics, see to the keeping up a re- gular heat.
Green-house.(6211.)‘This will now be filled with
pots of tender annuals, which only require shifting now and then till of a certain growth; and then only common routine culture. Dry-stove.(6176.) Some set out a part of the suc- culent tribe at this season. If you do, let it be ina very warm situation: heavy and continued rains prove very injurious to succulents in the open air.
Bark, or moist-stove.(6214.) Increase the tem- perature with the increase of| ht, and add air and water accordingly. Attend to all the minor points of culture. See that the floors or paths of your stoves are swept every d i wash your plants well with the engine, otherwise they will soon get y. Besure to dash this water on all plants in blossom, in order to curtail their beauty, and lest they should set fruit.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Prune(2110.) as in last month: box-edgings and evergreen hedges in the last week of this month, if the season is a forward one.(6190.)
Routine culture as in June.
Lawns.(6191. and 6097.) Attend to these, accord- ing as the weather may be showery or otherwise. In dry weather, set your men to mowing at three o’clock, and let them rest from eleven till three o’clock: in moist weather the time of the day is of less consequence. In France and Italy, the work- ing ge ners, during summer, may be said to do the principal part of their work early in the morn- i na late in the evening.
Gravel-walks. Weed and roll these in moist weather, When dry, and the gravel becomes loose, water and roll.(1957.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. Attend to budding, and look over your grafted trees; pinch off all obtruding shoots and suckers.(2039.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Continue laying summer shoots, and plant cuttings and bud as in last month.(2050.
Forest trees. Sow elm-seed; attend to weeding and cleaning all beds and rows of seedlings, or other nurslings, and of transplanted trees.(7023.)
10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Prune(2110.) evergreens 1n the last week, if the summer has keen so favorable as nearly to ripen
the wood.
Routine culture. Attend to kitchen, or field crops, ong young plantations; and to large weeds everywhere. Do not forget hedges and other f s: keep all sorts of fences at all times in repair.(6820.) Few operations in landscape-gar- dening can now be commenced; but some, as ex-
go on.
ces:;
| REMARKS.| ty| This isthe barn, or harvest month of the Saxons; many seeds
bs iain Average Weather rm Variation pei Quanti the Ther-= of the= z: x| } at mometer.| from the Barometer of Rain. of herbaceous vegetables ripen in this month, and most| }| i Average.: sorts of culinary crops, raised in the open garden, are now| 4h Any ed a oe ee in perfection. Insects, espec ially the winged tribes, now| London- 65 85 2 50 06 0°824 inch abound; and the young gardener should be assiduous in Edinburgh 60 6 9 828 1-996 collecting them for the same object as he ¢ ollects speci- ery re 3 9 5 z Be Qh s of plants. By carrying a small box in his pocket, he I. 62 82 30 172| 5858 mene ene; B? Bee::: may pick them up while at work.
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: flying ants(Formica) appear> bees kill their drones; and the swallow-tailed but-
terfly(Papilio machaon) appears.
swallows(Hirundo rustica) begin to congregate, anc
swifts(Hirundo apus) to depart; the whame, or
burrel-fly(Estrus bovis), lays eggs on horses
cond week: young martins(Hérundo urbica) and
Third weel the black-eyed marble-butterfly Papilio semele) appears; varlous birds reassume
their spring notes.
Fourth week; the nuthatch(Sztta europea) chat- ters; the stone-curlew Charadrius cedicnemus) whistles at night; the goatsucker Caprimulgus europeus) and young owls(Stria ulula) make a noise in the evening; robin-redbreast(Motacilla rubecola) sings; and rooks roost on their nest- trees.
.<
{EE 3
1158
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature roun|
London.
In the first week: melilot(Trifoliwmn officinale), rue(Huta graveolens., yellow succory(Picris hiera- ciotdes), and burdock(Arctium lappa), in flower; the bread-corns ripe,
Second week: wild clary(Salva verbenacea), mea- dow-rue(Lhalictrum flavum), ploughman’s spike- nard(Conyza squarrosa), and various other natives, in flower,
Third week: the mallow( Malva), lavatera, holly- hock(Alcca rosea), and lobelias, among the garden- flowers, and the polygonums and potamogetons among the wild plants, now in blossom.
Fourth week; the autumnal crocus(Colchicum autumnale), aster, solidago, senecio paludosus, teasel (Dipsacus fullonum), and various other plants, in “ower; the earlier varieties of all the hardy kernel- fruits ripe.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary veget- ables.
Sow(2071.) turnip for a main crop, in the first week; but sowings made after the 15th seldom fully succeed(3698.); make frequent sowings of small salading, radishes, and lettuce(3760.): the latter for autumn and winter crops, Parsley may now be sown for winter and spring use, this being the most natural season for sowing biennials,(4282.) Some of the large sorts of cabbage, in the first week, to come in in the autumn of the following year and subsequent winter; and early sorts in the first week, for coleworts next winter and spring, Spin- age, in the first or second weeks, for a main winter crop.(3775.) Carrots in the first and third weeks for drawing young in spring.(3718.) Endive and corn-salad tor winter and spring; chervil for alate crop; onions for a full winter crop; angelica, fen- nel, scurvy-grass, and blessed-thistle for next year Cauliflowers twice, in the third and fourth week, for crops, to stand over the winter, in sheltered borders, or under frames. American cress, in the last fortnight, for a spring crop.
Propagate(1987.) by slips and cuttings, where ne- cessary.
Transplant(2079.) as in last month, and include leeks, perennial herbs,&c.
Routine culture, Displace the suckers from such artichoke heads as you would grow to the greatest magnitude; stick peas and runner kidneybeans; earth up the brassica and leguminous tribe, and po- tatoes in so far as requisite. Land up celery, endive, white beet, finochio,&c. for blanching, Hoe, thin, weed, stir the surface, water, shade, and attend to neatness and order; and clear off all crops the mo- ment they are done with.(2367.)
Taking crops.(2290.) Take up the alliaceous tribes as before; gather pickling cucumbers; cut herbs; gather ripe seeds.
Destroy insects.(2276.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant(2077.) strawberries, as directed for last month.
Prune(2573.), regulate, train, and otherwise arrange the summer shoots of all fruit-trees as directed for last month.:
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, weed, and stir the sur- face under gooseberry compartments, and in general under and around all fruit-trees. Where fruit is beginning to ripen, be very moderate in thinning the leaves, Mat up small fruits on north walls, in- tended to be preserved till late in autumn; water spring-planted trees in dry weather, also strawberry- plants in blossom and fruit. Dress strawberry-beds that have done bearing.(4726. and 4727.)
Take(2280.) gooseberries and currants, with the fruit-scissors or tongs, Apricots and such wall- fruit as is ripe with the fruit-gatherer.(See figs. 141. to 152.);
Destroy(2276.) insects; the acarus will now be your greatest enemy.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Sow long prickly cucumbers for a late crop, to receive the aid of arti- ficial heat in October and November. Sow in pots, or make layers or cuttings for the same purpose.(5185.):
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Recruit the linings of
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
Mushrooms. Search for spawn, in cow-pastures more especially, and take care of it when ot (3410.):
Pinery. See last month.
Forcing-houses.(2696.) Most of the forced peaches will now be gathered; fully expose the trees unless you have so great a proportion of grapes under the rafters, or running along the top of your trellis, as to render it worth while to keep the sashes on to ripen them. It is however better never to have them together in such contending proportions, Cherry-trees and others in pots, and of which the shoots are ripe, should be put in a state of hy- bernation, by removal to a cold cellar, or shaded border. This will fit them better for a succeeding early artificial spring. i
_
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow(§346.) auricula and other primula seeds in pots and boxes, so as to admit of winter protection. These seeds come up stronger now than if kept till the following spring; and, though they will not flower sooner than the second spring after sowing, yet they will then flower much stronger than plants Just a year old.(6347. to 6349.) Mignonette, stocks, and other annuals in pots, for prolongation through the winter.(6486.)
Propagate(1987.) by all the usual means. This is now the best time for taking off rooted slips of the auricula: the Lancashire florists will never touch these till the third day of this month, when their florists’ sales commence.(6369,)
Take up bulbs and tuber roots of the few plants which had not ripened their stalks before, as of the martagon and red and white lily.
Plant dried offsets of bulbs, as these from their small size and tenderness, rather suffer from being long out of the ground. Plant autumn-flowering bulbs and Guernsey lily.(6315.)
Transplant(2079.) most sorts of biennials and perennials, and your latest sowings of annuals and half-hardy annuals intended for the borders,
Routine culture. Prepare composts. Hoe, dig, rake, stir, weed, thin, shade, shelter, prop, stick sweetpeas, and other climbers. Water, and gather seeds; mow verges and glades where they exist in the flower-garden, according as you find they re- quire it.
Store-room.(1704.) Look once a-month at your roots and seeds; and gather, dry, clean, and store up seeds as they ripen, attending to name and date each packet or bag accurately.
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat. See last month.
Hot-beds.(2678.) Attend to such cuttings as are forwarding in these, and to late crops of tender an- nuals, Prepare successions of tender annuals for the green-house,
Green-house.(6211.) Attend to your tender an- nuals; and do not forget creepers, and vines, and such plants as being planted in the ground cannot be turned out.(6647. to 6651.)
Dry-stove.(6176.) About the end of the month, it will be safe to replace such plants as you had ven- tured in the open air, Any you put in cold-pits, may remain a month longer.(6663. to 6668.)
Bari, or moist stove.(6214.) See last month. At- tend to creepers, climbers, and vines, also aquatics, which, if you have a proper aquarium, will now be in great perfection, and highly beautiful,(6180.)
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) evergreens towards the end of the month; water, mulch, and shade, for some days, if very delicate sorts.(2098.)
Prune evergreens(2110.); roses for forcing.(6559. and 6560.)
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, weed,&c. as before. Prepare ground for planting; dress gravel and grass as in June and July.
Form and repair lawns, by turfing or sowing. It is now an excellent season for sowing lawns. See that you make use of the proper grasses, according to the soil and situation. Attend to gravel walks. (1957.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
melon-beds, and prune, train, weed, water, and im- pregnate all the cucumis tribe.}
Fruié-trees.(2059.) Vinish budding of the late ve-
pet} anda rafts ane Vane antal UC gmene' ayer exgreetls st fortnight
the stove Ho.)
ane tre
planting:
aaa ——— 3
Avera Weathet| the 1
ee mom ——— on | AQ \Jondon-| 2 | gainburgh i Dublin-|° ee 1, Kalenda London. In the (Fringil linota
hig shrill autumn the sali red under-WiD| perrings( Cluped h Third week:{0 appears; the fly withdraws
0
gregates 5 the woodeock Turdus pilaris) ap rustica) departs
9, Kalendar London.
In the first weeh pears; travellers J palustris in f Second
t! mus laurocerasus flower.
Fourth week: of plane-tree(P! low; of the oak, dirty brown; of fine lemon; of th tawny yellow; of bright yellow; o
3, Kitchen- ables,
Q071,) smal border, chervil, ec sown to stand over the firstweek for
in the
age in the first (3773) Protect cucum ting or otherwise Propagate(19 under-shrubs, Transplant(90 current autumn, Sica tribe, leeks, spnnguse, Seed you can ensure{ ya bed of sanc
, it COW pastures {it when Ot
ofthe
fh DOS thy
Tetbeaches
SHO a on tg UKE ty haya edie y NS etn, Ss a of Which he B Me State of by, old cela, ot shaded
ter fora Sodeedigo "o
pen ground de.
Primula seeds in Winter Potection, if Ke il
spring a th Mtonget han ans ignonet, dis,
rrolongation thaoush
he ual meen,‘This Nn of
will never Ns moot, when
Toots of the fe plants stalks before, aso the lily,
bs, thes frm thi ather sue fon beng Plant automo fovering
als and annucl and el for the hander,
re compas, Hoe tig ade, shelter, prop,§ ers, Water, and gathet ides where they eit i ga you find the
er, dry, clean, alts ending to name andl ely,
— Hot-howse tp
tifcial hel, Se lat 1d to such cuttings aa
0 late eros of ns of tender aumush
ttend to your te creepers and Ti oi od in the orount jl, ut the end of thet ch plant 8 yo 1a ‘ny you put ai or,(603 100
Sop lat
a0 of)
er aguariu, ably peautit | and shble}
js the el rds Wee oe O25 q
; towards { shade, fot
; roses for fori. P|
y depot"
nfo Ver
h pu the
KALENDARIA
rieties of the stove fruits, before the middle of the month.(2056.) Look over the grafted trees, and slacken the bandages of your earlier and most ad-| I vanced grafts and buds.
L INDEX. 1159 10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and
yark-scenery- Plant(2077.) evergreens in the last week, if the
weather is moist. Water to settle the roots, and
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Plant cuttings of C c i mulch and stake according to circumstances.(2098.)
hardy evergreens, as laurel-bay, privet, box,&c. m
Prune the birch, wild cherry, and maple tribe, at
the last fortnight.(7032.) Provide heath and_bog- 1‘ earth for American and other sorts.(1981.) Goon the end of the month, when the leaves are begin- ning to fall, as they are apt to bud later or earlier.
with budding rare species.
Forest trees. Sow elm-seed, if you have not done it before; or do not choose to defer it till spring. (7025.)
Routine culture. Hoe, weed,&c. and keep every part in perfect order; look to your kitchen- crops and ripening-seeds. Prepare ground from which kitchen-crops have been removed for planting.
Greatest
| | |
SEPTEMBER.
(2110.) Evergreens at the end of the month.(6572.)
Prepare ground for planting next month, either
by ploughing, digging, trenching, or pitting, as the
case may be.(6816. and 6817.)
Destroy ferns, nettles, and other bulky weeds in park-scenery, by bruising their stems with the weeding-pincers(fig. 146.), close by the surface: as cutting them over is found a less permanent check to their flowering again.
REMARKS.
To- Average of| v7.5 Average| ee
W eather the Ther-| vena of the| eee The temperature begins now to decline and to vary; the
:| mometer-| A veraze Barometer.| poe nights begin to lengthen, and heavy dews and diminished
|| 2 asc||| transpiration and evaporation render artificial watering in (eG TS Sere TRL le————_|_ the open air less necessary, unless against trees on walls, to Iondon-| 59 63 35 50 09| 0:482inch.| keep down insects. Many varieties of fruits ripen during| Edinburgh 54 3| 99 759i) 470 this and the former month, which the young gardener Dublin- 59 30. 50 239| 3:021| ought to study, and, when he can afford time from other
| studies, he should make drawings of a few.
1. Kalendar of animated nature round| |
London.
In the first week: young broods of goldfinches (Fringilla carduelis) appear 5 the linnet(Fringélla linota) congregates; the bull(Bos taurus) makes his sbrill autumnal noise; and swallows(Hirundo rustica) Sing.
Second week; common owls(Stria flammea) hoot; the saffron-butterfly(Papilio hyale) and willow red under-wing moth(Phalena picta) appear 5 herrings(Clupea harengus) are now cheap.
Third week: the ring-ouzle(Turdus torquatus) appears; the flycatcher(Muscicapa atricapilla) withdraws.
Fourth week: the stare(Sturnus vulgaris) con- gregates; the wood-lark(Alauda arborea) sings; the woodcock(Scolopax rusticola) and feldfare (Turdus pilaris) appear; and the swallow(Hirundo rustica) departs.
9, Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
In the first week: the fungus balotus albus ap- pears; traveller’s joy(Clematis alba) and parnassia palustris in flower.
Second week: catkins of the hazel and birch formed; blossoms, and green, red, and black berries found on the bramble at the same time; leaves of the sycamore, birch, lime, mountain-ash, and elm begin to change.
Third week: the ivy(Hedera helix),\aurel(Pru- nus laurocerasus), and furze(Ulex europeus) in flower.
Fourth week: hips, haws, and nuts ripe; leaves of plane-tree(Platanus) tawny; of the hazel, yel- low; of the oak, yellowish green; of the sycamore, dirty brown; of the maple, pale yellow; of the ash, fine lemon; of the elm, orange; of the hawthorn, tawny yellow; of the cherry, red; of the hornbeam, bright yellow; of the willow, hoary.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary veget-
ables.
Sow(2071.) small salads twice or thrice on a south border, chervil, corn-salad, cress of sorts may still be sown to stand over winter.(4032. to 4072.) Radish in the first week for a late autumn Crop.( 3760.) Lettuce in the first week for standing the winter under a south wall, and under cold-frames.(3970.) Spin- age in the first fortnight for use late in spring. (3778.)
Protect cucumbers and melons, at night, by mat- ting or otherwise as the case may be.(3164.)
Propagate(1985.) as in April, culinary herbs and under-shrubs.
Transplant(2079.) all articles intended for use the current autumn,
sica tribe, leeks, celery, endive,&c. for winter and spring use. Seedling cauliflowers, where you think . nsure their standing through the winter. Try a bed of sandy loam or lime rubbish under a
you can e
4
during the first week. The bras-| placed on
eS
tree or south wall.(3546.) Make plantations of herbs.
Routine culture. arth up and stir only in dry weather. Stick, stop, support, cut down, blanch, and thin where you see it necessary; 0 time is to be lost at this season.
Taking crops.(2290.)‘Take up potatoes, and do it effectually. Gather pickling cucumbers, onions, nasturtium-seeds, and other pickling articles. Ga- ther herbs and take ripe seed. Remove all de- cayed leaves, haulm, stems,&c. and the remains of all crops, which have been taken, so as to preserve order and neatness, and make way for other crops or winter fallows.(2600.)
Destroy insects and vermin.(2276.)
Store-room and cellar. Dress, sort, and put up seeds which have been well dried. Finish housing edible bulbs of the alliaceous tribe and potatoes (2298. and 2299.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant(2077.) strawberries for a main plantation, this being the best month in the year for that pur- pose.(4717.) Pot strawberries for forcing.(3336.
Prepare ground for planting, and towards the end of the month, if the wood of young peach and apri- cot trees be ripe you may remove them.
Prune(2110.) and regulate summer shoots, but cut little after the middle of the month. Thin leaves sparingly.
Routine culture. Provide composts for recruiting old borders and forming new ones. Protect choice fruit, especially grapes, from birds and flies. After the crops of wall-trees or compartment borders are gathered, dig and dress the borders. Dress and fork up strawberry-beds.
Take(2290.) peaches, grapes, carly apples, pears, plums,&c. the dessert sorts, with fruit-gatherer, and sorts for the kitchen, with the hand gloved. Choose, if possible, dry weather for gathering all sorts of fruit.
Destroy insects, especially acarus, and guard against wasps and large blue flies.(2276.
Fruit-room.(2298.) Lay up apples and pears for keeping a few months; in general, the long keeping sorts ripen late in the season.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Sow small sa- lads under hand-glasses or frames in the last week. (4078.)‘Take off the glasses from cauliflower-plants in all mild days.
Hot-beds and pits. Attend to late crops of melons and cucumbers; keep up the temperature, and be discreet in the use of water.(3164. and 3271.) Begin to build mushroom-beds, either in or out of doors. This month and March are the two best seasons. Plant suckers and crowns of pines on rotten tan jung, or other fermenting beds or pits
Pinery.(2697.) You will still have abundance of fruit; attend to what was said in July. Renovate your bark or leaf beds when necessary, and keep up the full heat till your fruit is chiefly ripened off, or
E 4
ae a ne ee ee Baek
1160
removed(pot and all)
Jeisurely. ¥
month than in any month of the
Forcing-houses.(2596.)
be coming in,
now be in a state of rest. unless you mean to
cover the house w
air from the north,
atmosphere as best for hybernation.
year,
partment,
(6339. and 6388.) The seeds of most bie
the business till spring, unle which sometimes lie a whole yee up, when sown at that season.
| be enumerated columbine If sown now their seeds will come
Propagate(19, pecially from slips, rooted or unrooted part of herbaceous plants being now texture and maturity for this purpose.
flowering bulbs as
and tender annuals
planted or plunged in the borders.
deep. Store-room. See to roots and seeds.(1704.)
ment.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.)
place some of the more tender plants from the
usual method.(See particularly 6536.)
)
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: the red-wing(Turdus éléacus) arrives; snakes and vipers bury themselves.
Second week: hooded crows(Corvus cornix) and wood-pigeons(Columba palumbus) arrive; hen- chattinches(Fringilla calebs) congregate, and pre- pare for migration, leaving their males in this country.
Third week: the snipe(Scolopax gallinago) ap- pears in the meadows; wildgeese(Anas sylvestris) leave the fens, and go to the rye-lands.
Fourth week: the tortoise{Testudo gr@ca) be- sins to bury himself in the ground, and rooks visit their nest-trees; some larks(Alaude@) sing, and
| green-house and_ hot-house plants will now be ad- RL vanced: remove them to cold-frames, or to the| green-house or dry-stove, according to their natures,
‘| to harden them gradually. Some may go directly } to the stove.
: Green-house. The beginning of this month is a fit time to repair, paint, glaze, and clean the flues,
;&e. of every description of house not in crop. Re- a) open air at the beginning, and the whole in the course of the last week of the month. Dress them pro-| perly and set them in natural groups, not in the|
to the fruit-room to ripen| our young plants will grow faster in this plants,
Late crops of grapes will you cannot form natural but most of the forcing-houses will| genus by itself.(6205.) Keep off all the sashes,| force very early, in which case| ith mats from the sun, and admit| in order to promote a cool, dry| have been taken u
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de-
Sow the primula tribe, if not done last month. nnials and pe- rennials may be sown this month with advantage . provided you can afford pretection tothem in winter.| Bek
On the whole, however, it appears better to defer| Caying flowers th ss with a few sorts tr before they come Among them may » agrimony, chelone,&¢. up the following j spring, and they will flower the same season.(6493.) | 5.) by all the modes, but more es- , the stalky of a proper
Plant crocus and other bulbs, and such autumn-
g you have neglected to plant early a in spring.(6501.) t Transplant as in last month.(2079.) Shelter.(2206.) If the end of the month be wet, | hoop and mat such plants as will be injured by over eit
Ly much wet. Among these are the primula tribe : y planted in groups over the bor.| 3 ders; also bulbs, as the tuberose and Guernsey lily, 4 Routine culture. Prepare ground for florists’ i flowers. Trench and sift the earth where tulips and | hyacinths are to be planted, at least three feet
7. Vlower-garden.— Hot-house depart-
Replace i the more tender auriculas in the frames, but keep
1{i off the glasses, excepting when it rains.| P|} Hot-beds. See last month.(2678.) Most of the|
|
i
| OCTOBER. {
27 inch.| should be ne t 5
[gues Greatest ISS } Teather|+ ete of Variation Average Quantity Weath the the|r of the se Ate }| a| mometer.| ieee| Barometer.| of Rain, \‘| é age.| | London-| 52 81 4 29 69| 2-05 | i} Edinburgh! 49 7 29 339| 3 Hf| Dublin=} 51 29 76 Ui Hy
?
KALENDARIAL INDEX.
Dry-stove. Replace all the which you had put in the
range every part of your stage for the winter.
Bark, or moist stove. Begin | towards the end of the mont} for the approaching winter, p and dried, culture,(6688.)
s: Pleasure-ground and shrubbery. Plant(2077.) evergreens generally- | cies in the last week. i Prune(2110.) ever | duous species when the leaves are dropped. Routine culture as i
berries. Dress and mow turf,
Form and repair| (2100, and 2101.)
98 xeess——= Nursery department. Fruit-trees,(2039,) | for stocks, also peach and | Same purpose, or for new varieties. currant cuttings may be pl the month, in sheltered d + will not be much damag | thaws in winter. | Transplant(2079.) | the lines, where the Look to the budded and grafted trees, | May generally be removed
early in the month.
| and other rose seeds,
| sreens. Take off lay ; been laid two years | Season, Plant cuttings of a few | shrubs which are most hardy, |
| off suckers, and plant them in nursery rows, |_ Forest-trees. Gather and SO} | duous tree-seeds, | them to the see | Plant and prun | birch, and sj | ripe.(6982)
10. park-scenery,
Thin woods and coppice are wanted, take them carefully large, they should have bee year ago,(6955.)
lant(2077.) deciduous trees, generally, and even
the larch, spruce fir, and Scotch pine. Prepare for plantin sequent processes,(682(
Operate on ground, and recommence building longing to the department
walls or other works be of landscape-gardening.
ga
ee REMARKS. Grapes and other late fruits ripen during this month, | and some main culinary crops are gathered and housed. A few specimens of plants may stii! be collected, and many | species of the animal kingdom. Not one animated being lected from the worm upwards. Collec- tions of s s ave best made during this month, and
the young gardener may continue to dissect and study the pulpy fruits.
the woodcock Webs abound.
Scolopax rusticola) returns; spiders’
9
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round London.
In the first week: strawberry-tree(Arbutus unedo), holly(lex aquifolium), China hollyhock(Alcea chi- nensis), and China aster(Aster chinensis), in bloom.
Second week: catkins of some species of salix formed; leaves of the asp almost all off; of the Spanish chestnut, yellow; of the sugar-maple(Acer saccharinum), scarlet; of the common birch, yellow and gold; and of the weeping-birch, gold and bright- red colored.
Third week: clematis calycina in flower; some horse-cbestnuts and acatias quite denuded of leaves.
succulents and other Open air, and ar-
groups, at least put every
to lessen the stimuli 1, iN Order to harden Plant bulbs which
Attend to routine
3 deciduous spe- €reens all the month: deci-
in last month. Remove all de. at do not bear ornamental seeds or » and roll and clean gravel.
awns, or verges, or grassy glades.
Sow cherry and plum stones almond stones for the Gooseberry and anted in the last week of ry situations, where they ged by alternate frosts and
stocks from the seed-bed to y are to remain to be grafted, The matting
Ornamental trees and shrubs.(6570.) Sow brier Plant cuttings of hardy eyver- ers of the sorts which have » or which root well within one of the deciduous
or of tree-currant, ivy, honeysuckle, yellow-berried elder,&c. Take
w all sorts of deci- If you do not sow them, take d-loft, or rot-heap for preservation. e evergreens, as also the wild cherry, amore. Gather seeds of all sorts now
Trees.— Permanent plantations and
es; and where the trees up; if they are n previously prepared a
g by fencing and all the sub- ).)
ey yee: Fourth We flowe
ine af yellows{
» Kitchen 4, Kit
sale pect, pasiel ion Mark ynion. ee the danget of D8
Bas
OW ect all Prot ie, 28 2
perennials., * Transplant\* porders, and cal remain in that st Cauliflowers 12 tection of Ira! Routine culew j dry only in fine ry j dress offal
and dress 01 4" Jiflowers from He and folding it ov' dig and trench i
Take up(aM. beet, parshep, 84 parsley, and horse Preserve them in
y
4, Hardy fru
Plant(2071.) asthe leaves
Routin
ations,
eepers, and.remoy
Ds Culinary
Glass case wit
crops, Dress the Prick in Jettuyc¢ uint and other} IN pots or boxes, Cone in September ved or pit, as the
06,
y alge pots, as Till the last| TOW Tap} Ny pidly.
Porc ng.)‘ eanse;
NUsulenty
Ni ley Ud they
::"alt andar. { Lhe inte If
Qut every
MY ken th
Ni“ithe stim
nd Shrubhery erally; Ueto ae al the Month : are dropped, th, Remore alld, Tamental sees op
ll and clean
‘ de.
SRE Ot gray places,
Cepattnent
Wy
Ty stuations, ey l by eltsruae fot and
Xe graf, Themattin
:)
nd reco ynging to U
at
usticola) re
, setable natu round
erry-tree ina holy ster chanel
of some D almost ofthe su alo he com ral
ng-bircl,
i sat ie qo lar squies™
Fourth week: various plants, especially annuals, continue in flower; leaves of marsh-elder(Samm- bucus ebulus), of a fine pink; of stag’s-horn sumach, of a purplish red; of the American oaks, of fine shades of yellow, orange, red, and purple.
3. Kitchen-garden,— Culinary veget- ables.
Sow(2071.) small salads, lettuces, and radishes in the first week. If mild weather continues they will come in about Christmas. Mazagan beans, and hotspur or frame-peas(3601.), in the third or last week, to see if they will stand the winter.(3616.)
To save seed.‘Transplant cabbage, savoy, beet, parsnep, carrot, turnip, bulbing and Welsh onion. Mark what is said(3508. and 3537.) as to the danger of bastardy among the cruciferx family. (3592.)
Protect all newly risen annuals, and newly depo- sited seeds, as also parsley on the approach of frost.(2206.)
Propagate(1985.) the alliaceous tribe and culinary perennials.
Transplant(2079.) endive and lettuce on warm borders, and cabbages in close rows or in beds, to remain in that state till wanted as plants in spring. Cauliflowers in the last week, to receive the pro- tection of frames.(3545.)
Routine culture. Earth up and stir the surface only in fine dry weather. Hoe, rake, thin, weed, and dress off all beds of winter crops. Protect cau- liflowers from heavy rains by breaking a large leaf and folding it over the flower. As crops are cleared, dig and trench the vacant ground.
Take up(2290.) potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, beet, parsnep, salsity, scorzonera, skirret, tap-rooted
arsley, and horse-radish of two summers’ growth. reserve them in dry sand.
Destroy insects.(2280.)
Root-cellar. See that this is perfectly dry, and that abundance of sand is laid over the roots.
Store-room. Finish cleaning and putting up seeds, and see that all you have are in a good state, and not attacked by vermin.(1704,)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant(2077.) all sorts of hardy fruit-trees as soon as the leaves have dropped off, but not before, as some practise; for in this state neither their shoots nor roots are ripe. Give ample waterings after planting.
Protect(2206.) fig-trees as soon as their leaves have fallen, Shield late grapes from frost by mat- ting. Immerse pots containing plants intended to be forced, into dry old tan.or ashes to save their roots from frost.
Prune(2110.) all sorts of fruit-trees excepting the raspberry, elder, and fig, which being trees of much pith, or medulla, are apt to die back from the point of section-cut place, when pruned at this season, and are therefore better left till spring.
Routine culture. Prepare ground for new plant- ations. Dig and ridge up where the trees are already pruned. Winter-dress strawberry-beds.
Take(2290.) grapes, apples, pears, and other fruits.
Fruit-room.(2298.) Lay all fruits first here till thoroughly dried, and then barrel up the longest keepers, and.remove them to the fruit-cellar.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686) Plant lettuces and caulifiowers under frames, to stand the winter. Sow small salads in the second week, and last fortnight under frames or hand-glasses.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Keep up the declining heat of such beds as have not yet ripened off their crops. Dyess those which have done bearing, and prick in lettuce or cauliflower plants. Prepare mint and other herbs for forcing, by putting them in pots or boxes. Get up mushroom-beds if not done in September. Plants pine-suckers in the open bed or pit, as they are taken off: Cover well at nights.(2206.)
Pinery. This isa general time for shifting and renewing the bark-bed. Do not put the plants into very large pots, as they will not grow much in win- ter. Till the last week of the month your plants will grow rapidly.(2697.)
Forcing-hous 2940.) Prune and in general cleanse and repair the houses and flues, mend
KALENDARIAL INDEX. 1161
broken glass, and paint the whole when necessary. (2695.) 4
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Sow(2071.) annuals in pots, for prolongation, in cold frames and pits, and some of the hardier sorts in warm borders, to come in early next spring, if the winter should prove mild.‘he sorts fit for this are larkspur, adonis, belvedere, pansy, persi- caria, annual stock, and strawberry blite.
Propagate(1985.), but chiefly at this season by dividing the root, as of daisies and of other edging plants, irises,&c.
Plant most of the border-bulbs about the end of this month; and you may even plant florists’ ane- mones in properly prepared beds.(2077.)
Transplant(2079.) biennials and perennials, in the flower-nursery, to stand till the spring. Strong plants may be moved where they are finally to remain.(6490. and 6505.)
Protect(2206.) auriculas, carnations, and other florists’ flowers from heavy rains by mats and hoops, or glass frames. Begin at the end of the month to remove dahlia roots to be driedin an open shed, and then carried to the store-room.
Routine culture as in last month. Prepare com- posts. Stir the ground only in dry weather. If the season has been very dry, flower-borders may be dug over about the end of the month. Attend, above all things, to neatness. Do not trust to any kalendar for directions in this, or any point, but endeavor to bring your own brain into work, and try and look at your works with the eye ot a critic and an enemy, or even of a stranger. (7488.)
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.) Begin about the middle of the month to fill frames and pits with pots of mignonette, stocks,&c. for pro- longation through the winter.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Roses which have been some time in a state of hybernation and in the shade, may now be put in bottom heat, as may hyacinths and some other bulbs. Water-glasses may now be brought intouse. Observe, in the first place, to plant the bulbs in earth for a week or fort- night, which will make them strike roots more freely, and then take them up and put them in the water-glasses. Force them forward a week or two in frames, before you remove them to the drawing- room. Continue to plant some every fortnight for succession.(6502.)
Green-house.(6211.) Replace all your plants, if you have not already done so. All your winter’s credit depends on the style in which you do this: give air night and day, unless the thermometer drop to 35 degrees. Water sparingly.(6211. to 6213.)
Dry-stove.(6176.) Apply fires towards the end of the night, so as to keep a medium temperature with fire-heat of 46 or 48 degrees. Arrange the plants for the winter. Pot and set in bulbs of most sorts.
Bark, or moist stove. Lessen your temperature by degrees; and also your air and water. A good medium heat for this month will be 70 degrees, which will require fire-heat, even if the bark-bed is in full force.(6214. to 6216.)
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) all the hardier trees and shrubs where the ground is not apt to be rendered very wet during winter: very delicate sorts leave ull spring. Thisis the best season for planting.
Prune(2110.) evergreens; but finish, if possible, in the beginning of the month. Deciduous sorts as soon as the leaves fall.
Routine culture. Clear away all refuse, weeds, and decayed twigs. Roll, mow, sweep, hoe, weed, and remove moss and worm-casts.
Form and repair lawns as before.(2100. and 2101.)
9, Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. Sow for stocks as directed for last month.‘The plum, cherry, almond, medlar, apple,
pear, quince, barberry, service-tree, walnut, filbert, and common hazel-nut, may now be sown to greater | advantage than in spring, provided you can keep the vermin from them during winter Lay the
1162 KALENDARIAL INDEX.
mulberry, or any other sort generally propagated in that way. Plant cuttings of elder; but it is rather too late for the ribes tribe. Remove raspberry suckers. Remove fruit-trees to their final situations, as soon as they have lost their leaves. This month, in all dry situations, is the best month in the year for transplanting fruit-trees.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Sow the seeds of deciduous sorts. Lay deciduous sorts as their wood ripens. Plant out in nursery rows; shelter where requisite.(2206.)
Forest trecs. Sow most sorts, as directed for last month; but take care to guard against vermin. Gather haws, sea and holly berries, hips,&c. and take them to the rot-heap. Lay and propagate by cuttings some of the timber-growing willows and poplars. Plant and prune in the nursery lines as required.(6983, to 7037.)
10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Plant(2077.) generally as long as the weather i mild; but prefer the spring for v leak situations.(6838. to 6340.) Pageant
Thin, prune, and fell generally, but do not fell barking-trees, or remove thinnings of the oak, larch &c. so large as to be worth barking.,: : Prepare for planting, as directed for last month This is a very fit season for draining, which may be continued in all weathers, when men can work out of doors, till the planting season returns. In this way the men may be kept on without loss either to themselves or you.(6817.)
Operations on ground should now be carried on vigorously; but buildings should be completed, if possible, by the middle of the month.:
NOVEMBER.
Average of Average
a[Averace of] Greatest| le
] | Weather rn| Variation:| Quantit , the Ther-. é of the~ eed a mometer.| fromthe| Bertie of Rain. y age. j London-| 44 44 4| 29 68| 2597 inch. Edinburgh| 41 1| 29 638| 4-514 Dublin-| 45| 29 74| 0-394
1. Kalendar of animated nature round London.
In the first week: the buck(Cervus caprilus) grunts.
Second week: the golden plover(Charadrius plu- vialis) appears.
Third week: snails(Helix) and slugs(Limaz) bury themselves.
Fourth week; greenfinches(Iringilla montifrin- gilla) flock; the winter moth(Geometra bru- maria, Sam.) and the common fiat-body moth (Geometra applana, Sam.) appear in gardens about the end of the month.
2, Kalendar of vegetable nature round Londen.
In the first week: a few plants in flower, by acci- dent, chiefly annuals, according to the season.
Second week: the fungus helvella mitra appears; laurustinus in flower.
Third week: calicanthus praecox in flower.
Fourth week: some primroses show flowers at this season; and some plants, unnaturally in flower, still continue if the weather is temperate.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary vege- tables.
Sow(2071.) short-topt radishes on a warm border for the chance of obtaining an early spring crop. (3760.) Peas and beans as directed for last month. (3601. and 3616.)
Protect(2206.) celery, endive, artichoke, seakale, potatoes left in the ground to be taken up as wanted. and any other outstanding edibles roots by litter or leaves. Radishes, and parley with fronds of fern. Cauliflowers by hoops and mats.
Propagate(1985.) perennial herbs, if not done last month.
Transplant(2079.) any thing you have omitted in October.
Routine culture. All operations on the earth, excepting digging and trenching, must be per- formed only in fine dry weather. Dress artichoke and asparagus beds. Take up endive, brocoli, and cauliflower, and lay them flat in dry ground, or in some of the ways described.(2293.&c.) Guard against the damping off of cauliflower plants, and weed all seedling crops. Dig, trench, and manure.
Take up ail edible roots, which you intend to pre- serve, and remove them to the root-cellar.
Destroy(2276.) insects, and particularly snails, ct this season.
Root-cellar.(2299.) Keep out the frost, if it sets in severe; and equally so water, from above or below.
Store or seed-room.(1704.) Turn over edible roots kept in the dry, as the alliaceous tribe, and pick out decaying bulbs. See to your seeds.
Ice-house.(1730.) Fill the ice-house if the frost 1s sufficiently strong.
REMARKS.
This is the mindy month of the Saxons; it is generally also cold and moist, and one of the most disagreeable for the laboring gardener, but he may console himself with the shortness of the day, and hail the approach of evening, when he may lay aside his wet dress and fortify his mind by converse with books. Roots, fruits, seeds, dried herbs, and insects require looking over and pro- tecting from damps-
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant(2077.) all sorts of fruit-trees, as directed for Jast month. Choose dry weather. Water to settle the earth. Stake where required, and mulch(2098.) both root and stem, where you wish the trees to do well. Mulching the stem is particularly useful for very tall standards, and especially for the pithy- wooded sorts.
Prune(2110.) the vine, and other very hardy fruit- trees; the apricot, peach, and nectarine had better be deferred till spring.
Routine culture. Dig and dress wherever pruning admits; or where you have not been able to over- take the work last month.
Take(2290.) such apples and pears as still remain on the trees during the first week; dry them well in the fruit-room, and then barrel or jar up the long-keeping sorts for the cellar.
Fruit-room.(2298.) Examine such bunches of grapes, and branches of plums and currants, as you have hung up to preserve the fruit; and pick off all decaying berries. Look over all the other fruits, and attend to medlars, quinces, and services.
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.) Sow small salads and peas and beans, either to transplant or to remain after moving the frames.‘Transplant let- tuces and cauliflowers from frames to be covered with hand-glasses. Attend to air and removing decayed leaves,
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Sow small salads, force mint, and other herbs. Try sowing of radishes on a moderate hot-bed.‘Transplant lettuces from the cold-frames to force them forward. Begin to force asparagus six weeks before the expected demand. Build mushrooms-beds; if under cover, it will be better.
Pinery.(2697.) Moderate every stimulus to vege- tation: because, for the proper well-being of plants, it is requisite they should all go on in harmony. Heat, air, and water, art can supply; but light, in any thing like adequate quantities for vegetation, is be- yond the power of man: therefore let your heat, air, and water, be in a proportion to your light.
Forcing-houses. Some begin this month; if so, begin the usual course._ Dig and dress the borders;
prune, train, paint, and cleanse the house,&c. if
not done last month, which is much the best time. (2695.) Set in strawberries.(3338.)
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment,
Plant(2077.) dried roots of border-flowers.(6502.)
Transplant(2979.) biennials at the beginning of the month, if the weather is very fine: but this work is better deferred till spring.(6504. and 6505.
Protect(2206.) tender roots by litter, leaves, tan, ashes, or landing up trees by mats, or straw co- vered with mats or nets. Take care of seedlings.
rd ‘Toy ag occasion TE Yow a(1704 store-100"- AI
for spring|
Pes, yy straw covers, 9 guise. » Blower-gar th f
nent
sparin
espe jally the
London. mole(Talpa
¢
2. Kalendar 0 London, Someof the according 3, Kitchens ables, 2
Sow(2071, peas and 36.), as Weather, al tremely uncertaiy Prt om ne\
“Tiect(2206,) bea
Aavenot been aly
fant te UC
Uatatinsang
hel be vethe is Nt bleak
dre fot it» raining whi! m Without Ise
_ DOW De carted oy ould be compet month, Sar
jartment,
‘fruit-trees a8 directed fr weather, Wi quired, and mul ¢ you wish the t ie
the fruit; ale over all the otber 2 ices, and srt yuse depart
cil heat.(289 Nii=
Son ll vy sowing o!
1 forward
wre the es?
supply tities for therelort portion{0
KALENDARI
Routine culture. Collect earths, composts, and manures; and, in general, finish digging among herbaceous flowers by the middle of the month. Asters and such-like plants are often only checked in their growth and flowering by the frosts and rains; attend to them, as they are apt to be blown about, and be disfigured at this season. In cutting them over after the ground is dug, choose a dry day, and obliterate the prints of your feet with a fork. Mow as occasion requires.
Store-room.(1704.) Look at such bulbs as you are keeping for spring planting.
Bees.(1745.) See that these are properly protected by straw covers, or by being placed in the bee- house.
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.) Take care of alpines and the primula tribe. Also of the annuals and perennials intended for forcing, Guard against damps by admitting air; and to do this effectually, always remove the sashes in the day- time; or, if the trames being in front of stoves, do not admit of this, tilt or elevate them in front, as high at least as the plane of the sun’s rays at noon.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Go on forcing all man- ner of flowering shrubs, bulbs, and perennial plants, and take in now and then a few pots of mign nette, to keep up a constant supply in full flower for the drawingroom. Blow Dutch roots in water-glasses as before.
Green house.(6211.) Medium temperature, with fire-heat, 42 degrees, maximum 44degrees, Water sparingly; give air as the weather will permit; and see toneatness Encourage mouldiness on the sur- face of the pots, also weeds and decayed leaves; these being great ornaments at this season, and highly useful for the plants.
Dry-stove.(6176.) Minimum temperature, with fire-heat, 45 degrees, maximum 50 degrees. Suc- culents require very little water at any time, but especially at this season.
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Your medium tem- perature may now be 65 degrees, or less, but never exceeding a minimum of 55 degrees, and a maximum of 75 degrees. Lessen water and air, as light and heatare lessened. See that bulbs receive proper treatment, as these will produce your finest spring- flowers, especially the crinums and amaryllidez.
AL INDEX. 1163
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant(2077.) deciduous trees, and shrubs of the hardier kind so long as the weather continues dry.
Prune and cut hedges.(2110.)
Protect delicate American trees, as magnolia, and shrubs not yet fully acclimated, as the Chinese rose. Roll, mow, andsweep turf. Attend to fallen leaves. (6195. and 6201.)
Turf may still be laid, but it is now too late to form or repair lawns by sowing grass-seeds.(2101.)
Prepare tor planting, by levelling, digging, trench- ing,&c.(1865. to 1871.)
g. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fryuit-trees.(4361,) Plant only in mild and rather dry weather; mulch, water to settle the earth about the roots, and stake as circumstances require. For- ward delayed work as to fruit-trees, for after the middle of the month it is better not to touch them till February.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Complete what should have been done last month, as to planting, laying, taking off layers,&c.(7031.) Prune the more hardy sorts in the lines, and protect such as are tender by the usual means.
Forest trees. Finish sowing the larger seeds before severe weather sets in. Complete all other nursery operations for the season, if possible. Pruning the plants in lines may be the last operation. Gather cones, acorn, masts, nuts, keys, and berries for im- mediate sowings, or the loft or rot-heap, according to their natures, and your skill and circumstances. (6983. to 7037.)
10. Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery.
Plant in all temperate weather, and moderately dry situations.(2079.)
Thin, fell, and prune deciduous trees, as in last month. Cut, plash, and repair hedges; and more especially the hawthorn kind.(6917.)
Dead fences of every description, excepting mor- tar-walls, may now be attended to; but avoid building in December and January, even the siin- plest wall, Frost is certain at this season, and its effects equally so.
Operate on ground, water, rocks, woods, and timber erections; but by no means on buildings where mortar is used.
y. DECEMBER. [| Greatest| 4 i="REMARKS. Weather oe Variation z Pes Quantity| Winter month, Sax. Cold, but dry._ The gardener’s oper
at ihe ce| from the parameters] of Rain. ations are chiefly of the laborious kind; but the days are
j| PERSE S| Average. ae m| short and the nights long. In the last week the young
aa gardener should examine himself as to his urciessicn
||:- H Shee ie,
mi| ¢ 5 29 6 t-194 ine and intellectual progress during the bye-past year. 1e | Leas| os 5| be 3 Pe| pac| contents himself with raerely excelling his fellows, he is | 4 ar surgh| ae 7| 99 79S 2-916 lost; let him aspire at professional perfection, aud high | Dublin- 56 54| ae)| z reputation among good and scientific men.
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
I. London.
The mole(Talpa europea) throws up hillocks; the December moth(Eriogaster popul?, Sam.) ap- pears about the beginning, and the yellow-line quaker(Noctua flavilinea, Sam.) about the end, of the month.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
Some of the last month’s plants continue in flower, according to the weather.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinary veget-
‘ gs fe ables.
Sow(2071.) peas and beans, and a few radishes (3760, and 3601.), as for last month, Choose the very mildest weather, and consider the final result as extremely uncertain.
Protect(2206.) beans sown thick for transplanting, and parsley intended for daily use, with fern; ce- lery, with litter; any plants with litter which you have not been able to land up, as artichokes, aspa- ragus.
To save seed. Transplant cabbages, if you have neglected it until so untit a season.
Routine culture. Attend to this only in the best weather, and chiefly in the middle of the day. Earth up peas and beans, or cover their stems with ashes, sawdust, or oldtan. Earth up celery when dry. Tie up any endive, cardoons, and white beet which has been neglected. Weed, but do not depend on the hoe, and only attempt to stir dry grounds; as stirring clayey lands at this season will do much more harm than good.;
Take up edible roots and full-grown vegetables with esculent leaves, as the borecoles, and plant the latter in sand in an open shed for daily use.
Destroy(2276.) slugs, snails, mice, and other ver- min. 4 et
Root-cellur, seed, and store-room.(1 702. to 1705.) See that these, and what they contain, be kept in perfect order.:_
Tce-house.(1730.) Fill this, if not done last month,
4. Hardy fruit-department.
Plant(2077.) the hardier trees, as the apple, pear, cooseberry, currant,&c. in mild weather.(4361.) ©" Prune as directed for last month;_but remit the operation in severe weather.(2110.) Partially unnail or untie trained trees, and wash their boughs and shoots, as well as the walls and trellises, with any elutinous bitter fluid.
Routine culture. Trench, dig, and ridge up the
ithe t Aeaee y a
pitt I OO I AOA
aes
elisa
1164 KALENDARIAL INDEX.
soil, but only in dry weather. Turn over composts, dung, and earth heaps. Prepare borders and or- chards,&c. for planting in spring. Recruit ex- hausted soils by the application or partial substi- tution of such as is fresh and rich.
Destroy the larve of moths and every description of garden enemies, by usual or unusual means.
Fruit-room. Look over the loose fruit every ten or twelve days.
Fruit-cellar. Keep this close to retain an even low temperature, never under 32 nor over 40 deg. till May, the earliest period when it should be opened.(2299.)
5. Culinary hot-house department.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.) Sow small salads, radishes, and lettuce; if the weather proves mild they may do some good. Weed, take off de- cayed leaves, and give abundance of air in dry weather. Protect, in severe frosts, by mats or litter.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Begin to force asparagus, sow small salads, and transplant lettuce to be forced forward. Use the transplanter, in order that no check may be given, or any occasion for watering produced. Prepare cucumber-beds; or if you have begun see to them. Light is the grand thing to be attended to, for heat, air, water, and earth you can command at pleasure. Force mint, attend to mush- rooms, and compost-making; procuring earth, ma- nures&c. Cover up at nights with all care; but avoid damps, by always giving a little air on fine days, and all night, when there is danger of steam of dung.
Pinery.(2697.) Keep a steady heat; but little air or water will be wanting, excepting to the kid- neybeans and strawberries which you set in last month.
Forcing-houses.(2940.) Goon with the routine culture, for houses which you have begun to force; and dig and prepare the borders of the others, but it is too late for pruning or repairs.
6. Flower-garden.— Open ground de- partment.
Protect as directed for last month, and be liberal in the use of ashes, rotten tan, litter,&c. to the roots of the more tender plants; as to beds of florists’ bulbs, tender and half-hardy shrubs, as China roses, hydrangeas,&c. where such plants can be ventured in the borders.
Routine culture. Prepare composts, manures, and simple soils, and turn them over frequently. Much of the value of all composts and soils, at least for the florist, depends on their being sweet and mellow, which is only to be attained by time and frequent turnings. Attend to neatness in the application of litter, ashes, and other protecting materials.
Store-room. See that the frost is completely ex- cluded.(1704, 1705.)
7. Flower-garden.— Hot-house depart- ment.
Glass case without artificial heat.(2686.) Attend to alpines, and florists’ flowers in frames; also to annuals, as directed for last month.
Hot-beds and pits.(2678.) Go on forcing shrubs and flowers, and blowing bulbs in water; renovate by linings, where necessary. If you have begun in October to force roses, you will have them as well as bulbs in blow by the middle of the month. See
to bulbs in water-glasses, and take care to keep up a succession of roses, bulbs, and most popular forcing- flowers and shrubs.(6217. to 62i9.)
Green-house.(6211.) Minimum temperature 42 degrees, maximum 44 degrees, with fire-heat. Water sparingly; give air freely in good weather and remove decayed leaves as they appear.;
Dry-stove.(6176.) Minimum temperature for this month 45 degrees, maximum, with fire-heat, 50 degrees. The more severe the weather out of doors give less water within; but give air freely in fine weather.
Bark, or moist stove.(6214.) Keepa medium heat of 55 degrees, or 58 degrees, and lessen water and air. Attend to routine culture; but the grand thing at this season is, to keep the fire-heat as re- gular as possible; for the ratio of increase of heat from flues, after they are heated to a certain extent, is such as often to overheat the house, and scorch or desiccate the plants: hence, in our opinion, one of the many advantages of adopting steam, by which the pipes can never be heated much above 200 degrees.
8, Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant as in last month.(2077.)
Prune(2110.) in fine weather.
Protect as before.(2206.)
Routine culture. Rake up leaves, and sweep them from the lawns and gravel. Repair walks, and roll them; see that water stand on no part of their sur- face.
Lay down turf, if you cannot help it; but this is not a good season; September and March are the best.(2101.)
Prepare for planting by trenching, digging,&c. (1870.) Rods and poles for tying up plants and for twiners, spray or sticks for sticking climbers, as the sweet-pea,&c.(1516.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit-trees.(4361.) Complete neglected work as far as weather will permit; but if the season is severe, defer it till February. Prepare tallies,&c.
Ornamental trees and shrubs.(6539. and 6542.) Finish delayed work, and attend to protecting tender sorts. See to the seeds in store, and prune only in very fine weather. Prepare tallies, labels, sticks, stakes, poles, rods, spray, fronds, and other materials of culture-and management. Collect composts, earths, and manures, and turn over those you have got, so as the frost may thoroughly penetrate them.
Forest trees.(6983.) Attend tothe rot-heap, seed- loft, and compost-ground; and plant, or take up, or prune only in fine weather: much depends on the season, and other circumstances.(6884.)
10.‘Trees.— Permanent plantations and park-scenery,.
Plant(2077.) only in fine weather, unless thorn- hedges; or large trees of common sorts, with balls of earth.
Fell and prune(6941. and 6884.) where the trees are not for transplanting, nor of the barking sorts.
Thin out coppice-wood for poles, stakes,&c. (6912.)
Prepare for planting by the usual processes, and by fencing and draining.(6817. and 6820.);
Operate on ground and rocks, but not on build- ings.
y.B, The Number where they refer| and letter’ A; {gpRBVIATIONS«,
Perennia
aren, Pere Perel fae
Island,"+ §, Amer. 9 mode of OEP
ying
Ascus-8, P| Abercrombie, John page 1100. A, Aberdeen nursely, Aberdeenshité Abermarla Ablactation
ti
grow in simila manner, or by
Acena, dian.| C. B.S. and J and peat, and freely under a grow in comme
y cuttings,
Acalypha, mona and Han, E should be sow an, in the open and rotten dun
Acanthus, bear’ thacee, a§ Both grow in at the root,
Acarna, syngen a H. peren, well in comm Theans,
Acarus tellarius, destroy in the Ig,= see tho:
Accelerating veo
Acer, maple, pol
lr and N, A Propagate by la Cuttings ia
1
sat bpp, Ot oy: tai Mula forcing, ini t
I) Reps mia i) and lessen y 4 culture; but t keep the ire ratio of incre
tea, by hich el uch above on)
d and stribben,
reathet, i Up leaves and weep thea
anc on bo part ofthe sw.
cannot help its but this tember and March are th
hing, di
10(0
Atten
iS,
mstances.(
renanent pana ul
fine weathel, Ue of como sont
12, nor of theY od for pos
py the ual (it and
ks bw ARE
GENERAL INDEX.
N.B. The Numbers refer to the Paragraphs, where they refer to the page and the year in w and letters A. D. are prefixed.
ABBREVIATIONS: H. Hardy, F. Frame, G. Green-house, Annual. C. B.S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Austral.
South Wales, N. Holl. New Holland, V. Diem. Van Diemen’s , E. Ind. East Indies, S Eur. South of Europe, N. Eur. North of Europe, North America, Mex. Meaico,&c.(See as an example of the
Peren, Perennial, Bien. Biennial, An. Native of Australasia, N. S. W. New Island, W. Ind. West Indies S. Amer. South America, N. Amer.
not to the Pages, excepting in the case of the List of Authors, hich the Author published: in such cases the word page,
D. S. Dry-stove, S. Stove, i.e. Bark-stove,
mode of applying these Abbreviations, article Abroma.)
A beue-1re, populus alba, 7135.
Abercrombie, John, a British writer on gardening, page 1106. A. D. 1766.
Aberdeen nursery, 7639.
Aberdeenshire, gardens of, 7639.
Abermarlais, a seat in Caermarthenshire, 7614.
Ablactation(ablactatio, to wean), grafting in such a way as to wean the scion by degrees trom the stock; that is, inarching, 2007.
Ablaqueation(ablaqueo, as, to lay bare), the lay- ing bare the bottom of the stem, and the princi- pal roots of fruit-trees, in order to render them more fruitful, 2162.
Abroma, polyadel. decan. and malvacee, S. tr. E. Ind. and N. S. W.,(that is, Bark-stove trees natives of the East Indies and New South Wales.) which grow freely in common garden- soil, and are propagated readily by seeds and cut- tings.— For the general culture of bark-stove plants, see Bark-stove.
Abrus, wild licorice, diadel. decand. and legu- minosee, a S. tr. Jamaica, which grows in joam and peat, and is raised by cuttings, planted in sand, and plunged in the tan-bed, under a hand-glass.
Acacia, polyg. moneec. and leguminosee, S. tr. and G. tr. Austral. E. Ind. and C. B.S., which grow in loam peat and sand, and are prepagated by cuttings taken off in the young wood, and planted in sand under a bell-glass, and in bottom heat. Most Kinds may also be propagated by large cut- tings of the roots similarly treated. The H. tr. grow in similar soil, and propagate in the same manner, or by seeds.
Aczna, dian. monog. and rosacee, G. peren. C. B.S. and Austral., which grow well in loam and peat, and cuttings taken off at a joint, root freely under a hand-glass. The H. peren. will grow in common garden-soil, and are continued
y cuttings.
Acalypha, moneec. monad. and euphorbiacee, S. and H. an. E. Ind. and N. Amer., the S. an. should be sown in pots in a hot-bed, and the H. an, in the open garden. The soil for both, loam and rotten dung, or leaf-mould.
Acanthus, bear’s breech, didyn. angios. and acan- thacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. and H. peren. Eur. Both grow in common soil, and divide readily at the root.
Acarna, syngen. polyg.«equal. and cynarocephalee, a H. peren. and H. an. S. Eur. Both thrive well in common soil, and propagate by the usual means
Acarus tellarius, or rea spider, described, 2271: to destroy in the different departments of garden- ing,— see those departments.
Accelerating vegetation, operations for, 2181.
Acer, maple, polygam. moneec. and acerex, H. tr. Eur. and N, Amer., which grow in any soil, and propagate by layers or seeds, and some species by cuttings
Acer pseudo-platanus and platanoides, the com- mon and other maples, 7097. and 7099.
Aceras, gynan. monan, and orchidew, a H. peren. Eng. which thrives best in light loam and chalk, and is only to be raised by seeds.
Acetarious plants, 3963,
Achania, monad. polyan. and malvacee, S. tr. Ja- maica, which grow in common soil, or in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Achard, Professor Francis, page 1126.; his works on gardening, A. D. 1798.
Achillea, milfoil, syngen. polyg. equal. and corym- biferee, H. peren. Eur., which grow in com- mon soil, and are readily increased by dividing at the root.
Achras sapota, pentan. monog. and sapotee, S. tr. Amer. requiring a rich, loamy soil, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Achyranthes, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee. The§S. and G. tr. India, thrive in any rich soil, and cuttings root freely. The an. species should be sown in a hot-bed.
Acidoton, moneec. polyan. and euphorbiacex, a S. tr. Jamaica, which will grow in loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
Acisanthera, decan. monog. and salicarer, a S. tr. Jamaica, which may be treated like acidoton. Acmella, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbi- feree, the S. and S, Amer. an. should be sown on
a hot-bed, and the H. an. in the open garden.
Acnida,. Virginian hemp. dicec. pentan, and cheno- podew, a H. an. N. Amer., to be treated as such.
Aconitum, wolf’s bane, polyan. trig. and ranuncu- lacee, H: peren. S. Eur. of common culture.
Acorus, hexan. monog. and aroidez, H. peren. Brit. and China, marsh plants of easy culture.
Acosta, a Spanish naturalist, 32.
Acrostichum, cryptog. filices, and filicew, ferns; S. and G. peren. E. and W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by seed or divid- ing the root.
Acrostichum calomelanos, 6739.
Acta, polyand. monog. and ranunculacee, H. pe- ren. Brit. and N. Amer. of common culture.
Actinocarpus, hexan, polyg. and alismacee, G and H. peren. N.S. W. and Eng. aquatics, which will only thrive in water, and propagate by seeds.
Acynos, didyn. gymnos. and labiatex, H. bien. and an. Eur. of easy culture,
Adam’s Lodge, of London, a fraternity of gar- deners, some account of, 7704.
Adam’s Lodge, of Aberdeen, 7702.
Adams’s needle,— see Yucca.
‘Adanson, Michael, a celebrated French botanist, author of Familles des Plantes, and other works, who died in the beginning of the present century, 722.
Adansonia, sour-gourd, monadel. polyan. and mal- vacee, aS. tr. Senegal, which grows best in rich
a
a ar AI II
Sean ita
_——
‘
ae EO See VS SNES SO
om ani a
:——= wits
loam, and cuttings strike in sand, plunged in heat under a hand-glass.
Addington Place, Surrey, 7527.
Adelia, dicec. monad. and euphorbiacex, a S. tr. Jamaica, which may be treated like adansonia.
Adenandra, pentan. monog. and diosmex, G. tr. C. B. S. which grow in sandy peat, and the young tender tops made into cuttings, and planted in coud will root under a bell-glass without bottom
leat,
Adenanthera, decan. monog. and leguminosee, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and large cuttings with the leaves not shortened, will root in a pot of sand plunged in heat under a hand-glass.
Adiantum, maidenhair, cryptog. filices, and filicex, G. and H. peren. Madeira and Brit. ferns, which grow well in loam and peat, and propagate by di- viding the root or by seed.
Adina, tetran. monog. and globularia, a S. tr. China, of easy culture in joam and peat.
Adonis, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, a H. peren. and H. an. Eur. of easy culture in common soil.
Adoxa, octan. tetrag. and saxifragex, a H. peren. Brit. a diminutive plant, which does well in pots in common soil.
Adrianople, gardens of, 307.
ZEgilops, hard-grass, polygam. moneec. and grami- nee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of common cul- ture.
/€giphila, tetran. monog. and verbenacex, S. tr. W. Ind. which thrive well in light loam, and cut- tings root freely under a hand-glass in heat.
fEgle, Bengal quince, polyan. monog. and auran- tiez, a S. tr.&. Ind. which requires a rich loam,
. and_ is propagated by ripened cuttings planted in sand, without shortening the leaves, and plunged under a hand-glass in heat.
Egopodium, goutweed. pentan. dig. and umbelli- ferex, H. peren. Brit. of the easiest culture.
#Erua, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a S. tr. and S$. bien. W. Ind. which grow well in rich, light earth, and cuttings strike freely.
‘Eschynomena, diadel decan. and leguminosex, a S. tr. W. Ind. which requires rich loam, a good deal of heat, and is propagated by cuttings under a bell-glass in bottom heat. The S. an. and H.an. India and Amer. may be treated as tender annuals.
sculus, horse-chestnut, heptan. monog. and acerex, H. tr. Asia and N. Amer. which prefer light, deep soil, and sheltered situations, and are propagated by seeds or layers.
ZEsculus hippo-castanum, the common horse-chest- nut, 7126.
ZEthionema, tetrad. silic. and cruciferez, a H. bien. and H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.
ZEthusa, fool’s parsley, pentan. dig. and umbelli- ferer, a H. peren. and H. an. Brit.; poisonous weeds.§:
Affaiti, Casimiro, his works on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1787.
African almond, brabejum stellulifolium.
African flea-bane, tarchonanthus camphorates.
African fruits deserving cultivation, 6018.
African lily,— see Agapanthus.
African marigold, tagetes erecta.
Agapanthus, African lily, hexan. monog. and heme- rocallidee, G. peren. C. B. S. which thrive in loam, and a little rotten dung, and are propagated by dividing the root, or by seed.;
Agaricus campestris, garden-mushroom. See this and various other species of agaricus described,
339. Culture of the garden-mushroom, 3404; what spawn is, 5406; where indigenous spawn may be collected, 3410; preserving spawn, 0412; procuring spawn artificially, 3413; propagating, 3415; methods of raising mushrooms, 3423; ridges in the open air, 3424; preparing the dung, 3425; forming the bed, 5426; moulding, planting, covering the bed, 3427; culture on shelves, in the German manner, as introduced by Oldacre, 3434; compost, 3435; making, spawning, earth- ing, subsequent treatment, 5436; renovating old beds, 5440; growing mushrooms in pots, boxes,
1166 GENERAL INDEX.
in pits, 3448; in dark frames, 3449; in a cellar, 3450; general details, 3459.
Agathosma, pentan. monog. and diosmex, G. tr. C. B. S. soil, a sandy peat: propagated by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass, but not plunged in heat.
Agave, hexan. monog, and bromelee, D. S. and G. tr. and peren. S. and N. Amer. soil, a rich loam; propagated by suckers. d
Agen, General Lomet’s villa at, 176.
Ageratum, syngen, polyg. equal. and corymbiferee, G. tr. requiring a light, rich soil; propagated by cuttings under a hand-glass. The H. an. is of common culture.
Aghinuas, a seat in Tyrone, 7679.
Agr. Chem., Davy’s Agricultural Chemistry.
Agricola, Dr. George Andrew, his works on garden- ing, page 1123. A. D. 170-,
Agrimonia, agrimony, dodecan. dig. and rosacez, H. peren. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy culture.
Agrimony,— see Agrimonia,
Agrostemma, rose-carapion, decan. pentag. and caryophyllee, H. peren. and an. of common culture.
Agrostis, bent-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, a S. peren, Ek. Ind. and H. peren. and an. Eur, of the easiest culture.
Agrumi, the italian term for bitter fruits, especially the orange tribe.
Ailanthus, polyg. moneec. and terebintacez, a S. tr. and H. tr, E. Ind. which grow in common soil, and are propagated by cuttings of the roots.
Ainmsfield, a seat in East Lothian, 7619.
Air, its nature and properties, 1216.
Air-plant,— see Aerides.
Aira, hair-grass, trian. dig. and graminez, H. peren. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Airthrie Castle, near Stirling, 364.
Aitonia, monad. octan. and meliacee, G. tr. an. C. B.S. soil, sandy loam and peat; propagated by cuttings of young wood, in sand, under a bell-glass, and plunged in heat. Avoid planting too close, and wipe the glass frequently, as they are apt to damp off:
Aizoon, icos. di-pentag. and ficoidex, a G. tr. an. and bien. C.B.S. and S. Eur, succulents, which grow in lime-rubbish, and propagate readily.
Ajuga, bugle, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee. H. peren. Eur. of common culture.
Akee-tree, blighia sapida.
Alamanni, Luigi, his works on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1546.
Alangium, polyan. monog. and myrtiacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. soil, loam, and peat; propagated by cut- tings, in sand, under a hand-glass in heat.
Alaternus, rhamnus alaternus.
Albonico, J. H. his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1795.
Albuca, hexan. monog. and asphodelee, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs; soil, light, sandy loam, and veget- able mould; propagation by offsets; or by leaves taken off with a scale of the bulb, and carefully planted.
Alcazar, a palace and gardens in Spain, 291.
Alchemilla, ladies’ mantle, tetran. monog. and rosacee, H. peren. and an an. Eur. of common culture.
Alcina, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferex, a G. an. Mexico, of easy culture.
Alcoves, 1810.
Aldbury Place, Surrey, 7527.
Aldea, pentan. monog. and boraginez, a H. pereia.
Magellan, of common culture.
Alder—see Alnus.
Alderley Park, Cheshire, 7590.
Aldworth Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Aletris, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidee, H.
peren. N. Amer. requiring a peat soil and shady
situation, and propagated by offsets from the roots.
Aleurites, moncec. monad. and euphorbiacea, a S. tr.
Society Isles; soil, a rich loam; ripe cuttings, with
their leaves on, strike in sand, under a hand-
glass.
Alexanders—see Smyrnium.
Alexandrian laurel, ruscus racemosus.;
Alisma, water-plantain, hexan. polyg. and_alis-
macez, H. peren. marsh plants, and aquatics of
easy culture, sane
Alison, the Rev. A., his Analysis of the Principles
of Design, 7160— 7162. i
Allamanda, pentan. monog. and apocynez, a S. tr.
Guiana; soil, a rich loam; cuttings strike freely
&c. with dung, 3442; without dung, 3143 Bi cul- ture in raelon-beds, 3445; in old hot-beds, 3447;
in moist peat
4 70= SE Aiea my Alispites Almo BoE ety. n
al er X.
tree, nd,— Se*
bys
sa‘
are propagated b and planted shal ; pot of mould.
Alons02, didyn. 4 “Amer, which gre creased by Seeds| Alopecurus, foxtal HL peren. and a the easiest cultur Aloysia, didyn. af chili, which gr¢ creases by cuttin Alpinia, monn. 1 and E Ind, reed common culture. A|stroemeria, hexa G, peren.». Al and peat or Vet or dividin flower, wales t rest, by withho
Altenbu
page 1
AD, vianthera, per eren, S, bi §, Amer, soil,| freely in th
Althea, mai vacee, 5, perel an. all of comm
Althea frutex, h
Althorpe, a seat
Alyssum, mad.w F. tr. and Ht ture in comm cuttings,
Amaranthus, am ranthacee, a of common cul
Amaryllis, hexai and H. peren common cultur —see 6517,
Amateurs of gal Maagement, 7
Amber-tree, ant!
Ambrosia, mong an, of commor
Amellus, syngel aG, tr OB, Toot freely un which grow| treely under a
American book:
American cows!
American garde to atrange, 61:
American shrub: ation, 6569,
Auerimnum, dis Ind. requi
Tas Wig, MALE hoe.» Noe. and dintaee Ge i yo TT, by cattingg
cella,
ltt uoged 3
id bone, Mand G, 14. and
Teh loamy;
AME, ii a
e, 1619,
ultua Chemistry,
ey, his Works on ark decay, Aner, ma
a
dy. and Tosacee, Ol ey culture
00, devan, Webley, and ML atd at of common
i. an ait, 9§ 1 pete, and an, Da of
orbiter us, ei
aud tereintoe, af ich stow in common si cuttings chen, Lothian, iy, erties,[21h ig, and granine pera siest culture,
, and melatee, G, tap, im and peat; din sand, undera bel- gas,
- and finidee, a 6, tt an . ie
tl
ih
dS. Bur and propagate gynmno, an l ot culture
f
a. wrorks on gatd
op, and myrtane, 2 t nd peat pga
; handplas in ha. temus, ks on gardening
ant asphdele, 2 ght, sandy loa 2 on by ols
» of the bul, an
dens in Spa tle, tetral
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sy culture,
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any
Allantodia, cryptogam. filices, and filicee, a G. peren. Madeira; a fern; soil, loam and peat; and propagation by dividing the root or seed.
Allerton Manleverer, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582.
Alliaceous plants, 3810.
Alligator-pear, laurus persea, 5977.
Allionia, tetran. monog. and nyctaginex, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow in common soil; and cut- tings root readily under a hand-glass.
Allium, garlic. hexan. monog. and asphodelee, H. peren. and bien. Eur. bulbs of easy culture.
Allium ascalonicum, the shallot, 3845.
Allium cepa, the common onion, 5830.
Allium porrum, the leek, 3811.
Allium sativum, the garlic, 3841.
Allium scheenoprasum, the chive, 3838.
Allium scorodoprasum, the rocambole, 3852.
Allspice— see Calycanthus.
Allspice-tree, myrtus pimenta.
Almond,— see Amygdalus.
Alnus, alder, moncec. tetran. and amentacee, H. tr. Eur. and N. Amer. of common culture, pro- pagated by seeds.
Alnus glutinosa, the common alder, 7132.
Aloe, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidex, D. S. and G. tr. and peren. C. B.S. which grow best in sandy loam, with lime-rubbish or gravel, and are propagated by suckers, or leaves stripped off, and planted shallow in, or laid on the surface of a pot of mould.
Alonsoa, didyn. angios. and solanew, G. tr. S. Amer. which grow in rich, light soil, and are in- creased by seeds or cuttings.
Alopecurus, foxtail-grass, trian. dig. and graminex, H. peren. and an. Jamaica and Eur. grasses of the easiest culture.
Aloysia, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, a Gaatr. Chili, which grows in light, rich soil, and in- creases by cuttings.
Alpinia, monan. monog. and scitamines, S. per. W. and E Ind. reedy or marsh hot-house plants of common culture.
Alstreemeria, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, S. and G. peren. S. Amer. which thrive in sandy loam, and peat or vegetable earth, and increase by seeds or dividing the root. A. ligtu is difficult to flower, unless the roots are put into a state of rest, by withholding water till the shoots are quite dried up; then give a good watering, and put it in a moist heat, and it will flower abun- dantly.(Sweet.)
Alstroemeria salsilla, the edible alstroemeria, 6030.
Alston Grove, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Altenburg, Pomological Society of, their annals, page 1197. A. D, 1810.
Alternanthera, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a S.peren. S. bien. and G. peren. E. Ind. and S. Amer. soil, light and rich, and cuttings root freely in the shade.
Althaa, marsh-mallow, monad. polyan. and mal- vacee, S. peren. and bien. and H. peren. tr. and an, all of common culture.
Altheea frutex, hibiscus syriacus.
Althorpe, a seat in Northamptonshire, 7580.
Alyssum, mad-wort, tetrad. silic. and cruciferex, a F. tr. and H. tr. peren. and an. Eur. of easy cul- ture in common soil, and readily increased by cuttings.
Amaranthus, amaranth, moneec. pentan. and ama- ranthacee, a S. an. and H. an. As. Amer. Eur. of common culture.
Amaryllis, hexan. monag. and amaryllidez, S. G. and H. peren. Eur. Amer. and Afr. bulbs of common culture: some may be treated as aquatics, — see 6517.
Amateurs of gardening, 7407; their gardens and management, 7428.
Amber-tree, anthospermum zthiopicum.
Ambrosia, moneec. pentan. and corymbiferee, H. an. of common culture.
Amellus, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferez, a G. tr. C. B.S. soil, loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a glass; and H. peren. Amer. which grow in common soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
American books on gardening, 7699.
American cowslip, dodecatheon meadia.
American garden, how to compose the soil, 6568; to arrange, 6122.
American shrubs, 6562; culture, 6568; final situ- ation, 6569.
Amcrimnum, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, S. tr. W. Ind. requiring a light loam; and cuttings,
GENERAL INDEX.
1167
not deprived of their leaves, root freely under a hand-glass in a warm situation.
Amethystea, dian. monog. and labiatew, a H. an. Siberia, of common culture.
Ammannia tetran. monog. and salicarez, aS. an. and H. an. W. and E. Ind. of easy culture.
Ammi, bishop’s weed, pentan. dig. and umbelliferex, H. peren. and an an. Eur. foetid. weeds.
Amomum, moaan. monog. and scitamine ren. Sierre Leone, reedy marsh plants.
Amorpha, bastard indigo, diadel. decan. and legu- minosex, F. and H. tr. Amer. which grow in common soil, and increase by cuttings planted in
‘autumn, in a sheltered situation.
Ampthill Park, Bedfordshire, 7549.
Ampton Hall, Suffolk, 7552.
Amsonia, pentan. monog. and apocynee, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow in common soil, and are in- creased by cuttings or dividing at the root.
Amygdalus, almond, icos. monog. and rosacex, a G. tr. and H. tr. Persia and Eur. requiring rich loam, and which may be propagated by seeds, lay- ers, grafting,&c.
Amygdalus communis and amara, the sweet and bit- ter almond, 4542.
Amygdalus persica, the peach-tree, 4481; flat peach of China, 4485.
Amygdalus, var. nectarina, the nectarine-tree, 4517; to force the peach and nectarine, 3063.
Amyris, octan. monog. and terebintacee, S. tr. S. Amer. soil, loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Anabasis, pentan. digy. and chenopodee, a G.&. Spain, which grows well in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass without bottom heat.
Anacampseros, dodecan. monog. and portulacez, G. tr. and peren. C. B.S. succulents which grow in sandy-loam and lime-rubbish, and cuttings root readily in similar soil.
Anacardium, cashew-nut, ennean. monog. and tere- bintacer, a S. tr. India, soil a light loam, and cuttings from ripened wood, not deprived of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass.
Anacyclus, syngen. poly. super. and corymbiferez, H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Anagallis, pimpernell, pentan. monog. and primula- cee, a G. an. and bien. and H. peren. andan Eur. all of easy culture, increased either by seeds or cuttings.
Anagyris, bean-trefoil, decan. monog. and legumi- nose, a G. and F. tr. Spain and Teneriffe, soi] loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
Anarrhinum, didyn. angios. and scrophularineez, a H. bien. of common culture.
Anastatica, rose of Jericho, tetrad. silicu. and cru- ciferee, a H. peren. Levant, which will grow in common soil, and cuttings under a hana-glass root freely..
Anchovy-pear, grias cauliflora, 5979.:
Anchusa, bugloss, pentan. monog. and boraginee, G and H. bien. and peren. Eur. and C. B.S. which grow freely in common soil, and are in- creased by cuttings or seeds. i
Anderson, James, LL. D. 130. 140. a British writer on gardening. page 1108. A. D. 1777.. i
Andersonia, pentag. monog. and epacridez, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows freely in peat soil with the pots well drained, and not overwatercd; young tops made into cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Andrachne, bastard orpine, moneec. gynan. and euphorbiacee, a H. an. Italy, of common culture.
Andrews, Mr. Isaac, an eminent grower of the pine- apple at Lambeth, 2712. i’
Andrews, Henry, a British writer on gardening, page 1112. A. D. 1798. 4:
Andromeda, decan. monog. and ericee, S. G. and H. tr. N. Amer. E. Ind. and Eur. which prefer peat soil, and cuttings strike in sand under bells or hand-glasses; but the hardy sorts make plants more rapidly by layers, 6562.: tt
Andropogon, polygam. monec. and graminez, S. G. and H. peren. E. Ind. and Eur. grasses of easy culture. f
Androsace, pentag. monog. and primulacee, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. which thrive best in small pots in turfy loam and peat, the pots being well drained; they are increased by seeds, or dividing at the root., 4
Andry, a French author on gardening, page 1116.
. 1707
A.D
2, S. pe:
Ste tals ds! a a
Andryala, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracex, G peren. and bien. and H. peren. andan. As. Afr. and Eur.; the green-house sorts grow well in light loam, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass; the hardy sorts are of common cul- ture.
Anemia, cryptog. schismatopterides, and filicex, S. peren. W. Ind. ferns of the usual culture.
Anemone, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, H. peren. Eur. and N. Amer. which grow in loam rather light and rich than heavy, and increase by dividing the root or by seeds.
Anemone coronaria, and hortensis, the common gar- den anemone, 6275.
Anethum, dill, pentan. dig. and umbelliferex, a H. peren, and an. Eur. of common culture, and pro- pagated by seed.
Anethum fceeniculum, the common fennel, 4097.
Anethum graveolers, the common dill, 4103.
Angelica, pentan. dig. and umbellifere, H. peren. and bien. Eur. and Amer. which grow in loamy deep soil, and are increased by seeds.
Angelica archangelica, the garden angelica, 4216.
Angelica-tree, aralia spinosa.
Anglesea, gardens and residences of, 7603.
Angran de Rueneuve, a French writer on garden- ing, page 1117. A. D. 1712.
Anguria, moneec. dian. and cucurbitacez a S. peren. Carthagena, soil light and rich; propagation by cuttings or seeds.
Angus, or Forfarshire, gardens and residences of, 7637.
Anigozanthos, hexan. monog. and hemodoracee, a Gr. tr. N. Holl. which grows in loam and peat, re- quires a good deal of water, and is increased by di- viding at the root.
Anise, pimpinella anisum.
Aniseed-tree,— see Illycium.
Anisomeles, didyn. gymnos. and labiatex, a S. an. E. Ind. of the usual culture,:
Ann. Bot. Annals of Botany, by C. Kénmg and J. Sims
Annona, custard-apple, polyan. polyg. and annona- cee, S. tr. W. Ind. and S. Amer. requiring a rich loam; and ripened cuttings with the leaves un- shortened, will root in sand, under a glass in a moist heat.
Annual plants, such as are of one year’s duration, and are therefore raised annually from seeds ripened the preceding year. There are some ex- ceptions in the cases of rare plants which do not seed freely; or where particular varicties are to be preserved. In these cases propagating by cut- tings or layers is adopted.
Annuals, bark-stove or hot-house, their culture, 6724, 6725.
Annuals, dry-stove, 6668.
Annuals, frame, their culture, 6596.
Annuals, green-house, their culture, 6660.
Annuals, half hardy, their enumeration, 6512; cul- ture, 6513.
Annuals, hardy, adapted for border-flowers, 6506; their culture, 6507.
Anomatheca, trian. monog. and iridex, a G. peren. C. B.S. a bulb of the iridez family.
Ansley Hall, Warwickshire, 7571.
Ant,— see Formica.
Anthemis, chamomile, syngen. polyg. super. and co- rymbiferez, a G. peren. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and China, of easy culture, and propagated by seeds, cuttings, or dividing at the root.
Anthemis artemisiefolia, the Chinese chrysanthe- mum, 6470.
Anthemis nobilis, the common chamomile, 4235.
Anthericum, hexan. monog. and asphodelea, G. tr. peren. bien. and an. C. B. S. which grow in light sandy loam, with the pots well drained; the bulbous kinds should have no water when not in a growing state; the shrubby sorts root from cuttings, and most of the species produce seeds.
Anthocercis, didyn. angios. and solanex, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows in loam and_ peat, and cuttings root readily under a bell-glass in sand.
Antholyza, triand, monog. and iridew, G. and H. peren. C. B. S. bulbs of the iridez family,: Anthospermum, amber-tree, dicec. tetran. and ru- biaceez, a G. tr. C. B. S. which grows well in loam
and peat, and strikes readily from cuttings.
Anthoxanthum, spring grass, dian. dig. and gra- minee, H. peren. Brit. and Morocco, of the easiest cuiture,
1168 GENERAL INDEX.
Anthoxanthum odoratum, scented vernal eTAsS 4318, nian
Anthriscus, rough chervil, pentan, dig. and umbel- liferee, a H. peren. and an. common weeds.
Anthyllis, kidney-vetch, diadel. decan. and legumi- nosee, G. and F. tr. and bien. Eur. which grow in loam and peat, and are propagated by seeds or cuttings under bell-glasses in sand. The glasses must be kept wiped, otherwise the cuttings are apt to damp off. 2
Antidesma, dicec. pentan. and terebintacezx, S. tr. E. Ind. which require a rich loam, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass in moist heat.
Antiquities, uses of, in gardening, 1840,
Antiquity, gardening authors of, 7685.
Antirrhinum, snap-dragon, didyn. angios. and scro- phularinew, F. and H. peren. and an. Eur, of easy culture, and propagated by cuttings or seeds.
Antrim, gardens of, 7684.
Antwerp, villas of, 126; botanic garden, 135,
Anychia, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a H. bien. N. Amer. of common culture, 1660.
Aotus, decan. monog. and leguminosex, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows well in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily under a bell-glass in sand.
Apargia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, H. peren. Eur. of the easiest culture, and propagated by seed or division at the root.
Aphelandra, didynam. angios. and acanthacee, a S. tr. W. Ind.; requiring rich loam, and cuttings strike freely in a moist heat under a hand-glas
Aphyllanthes, lily-pink, hexan. monog. and aspho- delew, a H. peren. France, which grows well in peat earth, and is increased by seeds, or dividing at the root.
Aphis, or plant-louse, described, 2242.
Aphis, how to destroy, 2282.
Aphis lanigera, or American blight, 4431.
Apiary, a place for an assemblage of beehives, 173 Polish beehives, 1738; common, 1739; of glass, 1740; storying, 1741; of Palteau, 1742; of Huish, 1743; Howison, 1744. Management of hives, 1745; choice of bees, 1746; materials and size of hives, 1747; feeding the bee, 1748; covering the hive, 1750; swarming, 1752; taking the honey, 1755; taking by deprivation, 1756; by suffocation, 1758.
Apios, diadelph. decan. and leguminosez, a H. tr. and peren. N. Amer. both climbers, which grow in common soil; the first is propagated by layers, and the other by tubers from the roots.
Apios tuberosa, 4332.
Apis mellifera, the honey-bee, 2262. 1733,— see Apiary.
Apium, parsley, pentan. digy. and umbelliferer, H. bien. Eur.
Apium petroselinum, or garden parsley, 4282.
Apium graveolens, or celery, 3997.
Apium Americanum, or arracacha, 6036.
Apocynum, dog’s bane, pentan. dig. and apocynee, a H. peren. N. Amer. which prefers a little peat added to common soil, and increases rapidly by suckers.
Aponogeton, hexan, trig. and naiadez, A. S. peren. and G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs, which are to be treated as aquatics, and are increased by offsets or seeds.
Apple,— see Pyrus.
Appleberry,— see Billardiera.
Apprentices in gardening, 7379.
Approach-road to a mansion, principles of forming, 1242.
Appropriation of scenery by planting, 6769; princi- ples and use of appropriation in landscape-garden- ing, 7175.
Appuldurcombe, a seat in the Isle of Wight, 7594.
Apricot, 4522,—see Armeniaca.
Aquarium for exotics, 6180; for hardy plants, 6519.
Aquatic herbaceous plants, hardy, 6521; exotic, 6726,
Aquilegia, columbine, polyan. pentag. and ranun- culacee, H. peren. Brit. of the easiest culture.
Arabis, wall-cress, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferee,
H. peren. bien. and an. Eur, roek-work plants, of
easy culture, and increased by seeds or cuttings. Arachis, earth-nut, diadel. decan. and legumino- sez, a S. an. S. Amer. of common culture. i Arachis hypogiea, South American earth-nut, 6037. Aralia, pentan. pentag. and aralee, S. tr. W. Ind. and N, Amer. which thrive in rich loam, and cut- tings strike readily under a hand-glass, in het:
5‘oh or0 q git mG Py
chitectUle, origin stici, 12 | rustic:
“fare, a, pe nd neat, and cuttit
Lrototis Arctous,
adies ntay Ardisia, penta ee it|
Arethu NA peat and on
moist as a marsh
Aretia, pentar Eur, rockw¢ and peat, and 2 root,
an, Eur, ¢ Argenteuil, Argyleshire Aristea, trian, mol bulbs, which cree
iners, which ings strike fi STOW In ¢
Chili, which Will grow in an tings, planted 1 Armagh, gardens Ameniaca, the g cee, H. tr, Eur, the
Me siberian, an budding on plun Nang apricot,
Armeria, thri
ft, pe attr and HL
nd H,] land
Wiled etal etn,
8 OF Tete yy aeapt
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+ 1900,
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RNY Hoan eat, TEAL Under abel sass
Wal and cichoranee cure and propa e Tot t
ngios, and acantbaoee, uiring rich loam, and 1& Moist heat under 4
esa, ono and anh, ee, Which erows well in
th 0 ased Dy sees or dviding
eribed,£2, m0
can blight,#51, assemblage of Leehies,
sn, lik. i anemnedt of bees, Ii X feed the be, 5 Samm ng by deprivae,
and Jeguminosee oth climbers, wlth gr st is propagated by Hye from the roots
ey-bee, 202. Ih, _ digy, and umeli
varden pares,
| arracath, tan. dig, and ajay shich peter I , and increases ni
and naiade, bulbs, i dare increase
ier,
Tl ath ion, princi
py planting he ation in nee the Isle of igh epiaca,
(): for har ts, hari,
yan, pens of the ¢2
witty| ne W, Jnd. and cule in heat:
all ve inten. ri jolts
H. tr. which grow in common soil, and ripened cuttings strike in a sheltered situation; and H. peren. of common culture, and increased by seeds. E
Aranjuez, a palace and gardens in Spain, 294,
Araucaria, dicee. monad. and coniferee, G. tr. Chili and Norfoik Island, which grow in sandy loam and peat,‘‘ and cuttings may be rooted, though with difficulty, taken off at a joint in ripened wood, and planted in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, but not in heat.’’(Sweet.)
Arboretum of the Hackney nursery, 7356.
Arbor vite,—see Thuja.
Arboricultural catalogue, 7053,
Arboriculture, 6742.
Arbors, 1811.
Arbutus, strawberry-tree, decan. monog. and eri- cee, G. and H. tr. Eur. which grow best in two thirds of peat and one third of loam; they are increased by layers and seeds, and A. unedo com- monly by budding or inarching.
Archangel,—see Angelica.
Architect, horticultural, 7402.
Architecture, origin of the different styles of, 7254
Architette rustici, 110.
Arctium, burdock, syngen. polyg. equal. and cyna- rocephalee, H. bien. Brit. common road-side weeds.
Arctopus, polyg. dicec. and umbelliferex, a G. peren. C. B.S. which grows in loam and peat, and is in- creased by seeds.
Arctotheca, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbi- feree, a G. peren. C. B.S. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand- glass in the open air.
Arctotis, syngen. polyg neces. and corymbiferex, G. peren. tr. and an. C. B. 8. which grow in loam and peat, and are readily increased by cuttings, or dividing at the root.
Ardbraccan Palace, in Eastmeath, 7661.
Ardenné, Jean Paul de, his works on gardening, page 1117. A.D. 1746.
Ardisia, pentan. monog. and myrsinee, S. tr. and G. tr. I. and W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in moist heat.
Arduina, pentan. monog. and apocynee, a G. tr. C. B. S. which thrives well in peat and loam, and cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand.
Areca, cabbage-tree, moncec. monad. and palmee, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. paims which grow in light sandy loam, and like other palms, can only be raised from seeds.
Arenaria, sand-wort, decan. trig. and caryophyllex, a G. peren. and H. peren. and an. Eur. all the species grow best in sandy loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings or by seeds.
Arethusa, gynan. monan, and orchidex, a G. peren. N. Amer. a bulb which grows best in two thirds peat and one third loam, and requires to be kept moist as a marsh plant.
Aretia, pentan. monog. and primulacex, Beste Eur. rockwork plants, which grow in loam, sand, and peat, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Argemone, polyan. monog. and papaveracer, H. an. Eur. and Amer. of common culture.
Argenteuil, fig-gardens of, 193.
Argyleshire, gardens of, 7649.,
Aristea, trian. monog. and iridex, G. peren. CrB:S: bulbs, which grow in loam and peat, and are in- creased by dividing at the root.
Aristolochia, birth-wort, gynan. hexan. and aristolo- chi,§. and G. tr. Ind. and Amer. climbers and twiners, which grow well in light loam, and cut- tings strike freely under a hand-glass: the H. tr. grow in common soil, and are increased by di- viding at the root.
Aristote, a French author on Gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1677.
Aristotelia, dodecan. monog. and rhamnez, a H. tr. Chili, which requires a sheltered situation; but will grow in any common soil, and ripened cut- tings, planted under a glass, will root freely.
Armagh, gardens and residences of, 7682.
Armeniaca, the apricot, icos. di-pentag. and rosa- cee, H. tr. Eur. of which there are two species, the Siberian, an ornamental shrub, propagated by budding on plum-stocks, and the common fruit- bearing apricot, prunus armeniaca, 4522.
Armeria, thrift, pentan. pentag. and plumbaginea, a H.tr. and H-peren. Eur. which grow well in
GENERAL
common soil, and are increased by dividing at the
4
INDEX. 1169
root. Armeria vulgaris, the common thrift, is a good edging plant.
Arnica, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, H. peren. Eur, which grow best in light loam, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Arnopogon, sheep’s beard, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracez, a peren. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Arno’s Vale, a seat in Middlesex, 7520.
Arnolde, Richard, a British writer on gardening, page 1099. A. D. 1502.
Arracacha,— see Apium,
Arran, gardens of, 7650.
Arrigoni, Stephano, his works on gardening, page
128. A. D. 1763.
Arrow-grass,— see Triglochin.
Arrow-head,— sce Sagittaria.
Arrow-root,—see Maranta.
Artedia, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, a H. an, Levant, of the usual culture.
Artemisia absinthium, wormwood, 4247.
Artemisia dracunculus, tarragon, 4093.
Artemisia, wormwood, syn. polyg. super. and co- rymbiferez, G. F. and H. tr. peren. bien. and an. Eur. and Amer. all of easy culture and propaga- tion.
Arthropodium, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, a G. peren. N.S. W. soil a sandy loam; and pro- pagation by dividing at the root.
Arthur's Seat, a hil! at Edinburgh, how to improve by a promenade, 7517.
Artichoke,— see Cynara.
Artiste jardinier, 196.
Artisti giardinieri, 110.
Artocarpus, the bread-fruit tree, monec. monan. and urticeez, S. tr. S. Sea Isl. and Ind. which thrive well in light loam, and propagate readily by cuttings, with their leaves entire.
Artocarpus incisa, the common bread-fruit tree, 6014,
Arum, moneec. polyan. and aroidee, S. tr. and peren. and F. and H. peren. Eur. Ind. Amer. all of which thrive well in common soil, and are pro- pagated by dividing the roots; or the woody sorts by cuttings.
Arundel Castle, Sussex,
Arundo, reed, trian. digyn. and graminee, H. peren, Eur. grasses of the easiest culture.
Asarabacca,—see Asarum.
Asarum, asarabacca, dodec. monog. and aristolo- ch H. peren. Eng. and Amer. of common cul- ture,
Asclepias, swallow-wort, pentan. dig. and asclepia- dee, G. peren. which thrive best in peat and
loam, and cuttings root readily under a hand-
glass.‘The H. peren. are of easy culture.
Ascyrum, polyad. polyan. and hypericine, G. tr. and peren. N. Amer. which thrive well im loam and peat, and are readily increased by cuttings taken off in the young wood and planted under a hand-glass.
Ash-tree,—see Fraxinus.
Ashbrooke, a seat in Kilkenny, 7656.
Ashburnham Abbey, Sussex, 7531.
Ashcombe, a seat in Wiltshire, 7596.
Ashes, proportion in which they are afforded by the combustion of different species of trees, 708.
Ashridge Park, Buckinghamshire, 7548; flower- garden, 6099.
Ashtead Park, Surrey, 7528.
Ashton Hall, Lancashire, 7589.
Asiatic fruits deserving cultivation, 6021.
Asimina, polyan. polyg. anonacex, H. tr. N. Amer. which thrive in common soil, and are increased by layers.
Aspalathus, diadel. decan, and leguminosea, a S. tr. and G. tr. peren. C. B.S. which grow freely in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root in sand under bell-glasses, care being taken to wipe the glasses frequently to prevent their damping off.
Asparaginous plants, 3855.
Asparagus, hexan. monog. and asphodelee, S. G. and F. tr. Eur. and C. B. S. climbers, which grow freely in light loam, or loam and peat, and are nereased by dividing at the root, or by cuttings under a hand-glass without bottom heat. 3
Asparagus officinalis, the garden asparagus, 5556 5 to force asparagus, 5349; plants, planting, time ot beginning to force, temperature, air, water, gathering, successional supplies, 3350. 58; to force in hot-heds, 3359; forcing the roots as they stand in the open ground, 3564,
>
Ze
KH
a! il
Ht
1170
Asperugo, German mad-w ort, pentan. monog. and boraginee, a H. an. Brit. of common culture.
Asperula, woodruff, tetran. monog. and rubiacex, H. peren. and a H. an. Eur. of easy culture.
Asphodel,— see Asphodelus.
Asphodelus, asphodel, hexan. monog. and aspho- delez, H. peren. Eur. of common culture.
Aspidium, shield.fern, cryptog. filices, and filiceae, G. and H. peren. Eur. and N. A. ferns of the usual culture.
Asplenium, spleen-wort, cryptog. filices, and filicex, S. G. and H. peren. Eur. and S. Amer. ferns which may be cultivated as aspicium.
Association of ideas, its infigen e on the pind as to the expression of scener slide fo 7174
Astankina, a seat near Mocom 262.
Aster, ee syngen. poly. Bibs r. and corymbi- ferex, G. tr. and bien. Eur. C. B. S, and N. Amer. of easy sales in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily, in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, without bottom heat. H. peren. and an. of any culture in any soil.
Astley, Francis Duc kenfield, Esa. 9.2 yep ten author on gardening, page 1112. A.
Aston Park, Shropshire, 7569.
Astragalus,‘milk-vetch, diadel. decan. and legumi- nosez, G. and H. peren. and Hs an. Eur. As. Af. all of which thrive well in common soil, and are increased by seeds.
Astrantia, master-wort, pentan. dit. and umbelli- feree, H. peren. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Astroloma, pentan. monog. and epacridex, a G. tr N. S. W. which thrives best in loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily under a bell-glass in sand,
Athamanta, spignel, pentan. dig. and umbelliferez,
peren. and an an. Eur.“of easy culture and propagated by seeds.
Athanasia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferee, G. tr. C. B.S. soil, a light loam, and cuttings root
readily under a hand-glass:: the H. an. species re- os the usual culture.
Atractylis, syngen. polyg. equal. and cynaroce- phalez, a H. peren. Spain, of common culture. Atragene, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee. a S, tr. G. tr. and H. tr. Hur, Afr. and Amer. climb- ers of easy culture, and propagated’ by cuttings,
layers, or seeds.
Atraphaxis, hexan. dig. polygonex, a G. tr. and peren. Eur. and C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root rapidly under a hand- glass.
Atriplex, orache, polyg. moncec. and chenopodee, Eur. of easy culture, and increased by cuttings; and H. an. to be treated as such.
Atriplex hortensis, the garden orache, 3787.
Atropa, pentan. monog. and solanea, a G. tr. Eur. which grows in light loam, and is readily increased by cuttings; and a H. peren. of easy culture in- creased by seeds.
Atropa mandragora, the mandrake, 29,—see Man- dragora.
Aubletia, polyan. monog. and tiliacee; S. tr. S. Amer. which grow freely in light loam, and well ripened cuttings strike under a bell-glass, if not allowed to damp off; it flowers best when the stem is ringed.
Aubrey Hall, Warwickshire, 1571.
Aucuba, mone. tetran. and rhamnee, a H. tr. Japan, which grows in common soil, and is rea- dily increased by cuttings.
Audiley-end, a seat in Essex, 7542.
Augarten, a public promenade at Vienna, 205.
Aulax, dioec. tetran. and proteacee, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive best in sandy loam with a great many sherds at the bottom of the pot. Cuttings taken off at a joint will root in sand under a hand- glass, care being taken to avoid damps.
Auricula, see Primula.
Austen, Francis, a British author on gardening, page 1099. A. D. 16:
Austen, Ralph, a British author on gardening, page 1100. A. D. 1653.
Avena, oat-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. pe- ren, andan. Eur, and Amer. of the easiest ais
Avens, geum avens.
Av errhoa, decan. pentag. terebintacew, S. tr. E. Ind. which thrive well in light sandy loam; and ripe cuttings root freely in sand under a hand- glass.
Aviary, 1760; for singing birds, 1761; parrots, 1762.
Avington, a seat in Hamps shire, 7594.‘
Avicennia, didyn. angios. and myoperinez, India,
GENERAL INDEX
. tr. soil, loam and peat, and cuttings root in a under a glass, in moist heat.
Awl-wort,— see Subularia.
Axyris, moneec, tetran. and chenopodee, H. an. Siberia, of common culture.
Ayenia,‘pent un. Monog. and malvacee, Jamaica, aS. tr. and S. bien. which grow in ric h loam and cuttings root freely in sz md| in a moist heat. f
Ayrshire, gardens of, 7027.
Azalea, pentan monog. and rhodoracez, N. Amer. and India, the G. tr. thrive best in sand and peat, and young cuttings taken off close to the ripened wood, and planted i in pots of said. will root rea- dily in moist heat under a beil-glass; the H. tr. Eur. and Amer, require peat or sandy loam, and vegetable earth, and are increased from layers or seeds, 6562.
Axar, Gerib, of Ispahan, an encourager of garden- ing, 459.
Azarole, mespilus azarolus,
B.
B. P., Brown’s Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandie, &e,
Babiana, trian. monog. and iridew, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are propagated by offsets or seeds.
Babworth, a seat in Northumberland, 7586.
3accharis, ploughman’s spikenard, syngen. polyg. superfl. and corymbiferez, N. Amer. G. tr. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Bacoche, the common name of the apricot in Tuscany, corns d from the original Arabic word, Bercoch, 2:
Bacoi, A; ae works on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1596.
Bactris, moncec. hexand. and palmee, S. tr. S. Amer. palms, which thrive in sandy loam, and like other palms, are only to be propagated by seed.
3admington House, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Backia, octan. monog. and myrtiacee, G. tr.
N.S. W. which grow in loam and peat, are very heeds, and cuttings of the young wood root rea- dily in sand under a bell-glass.
Bahama red wood, ceanothus colubrinus,— see Ceanothus.
Bailey, W.and D. list of curvilinear hot-houses erected by them, 1587.
Balbisia, syngen. polyg. super. corymbifereze, a H. an. Mexico, of common culture.
Baldwin(of bald, Sax. bold, and winnean, Sax. to overcome; a bold man, a conqueror), Tho- mas, late gardener to the M: urquis of Hertford, at Ragley near Alcester, Worcestershire, one oe the first pine growers in England; his work ¢ gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1818.
Balgonie Castle, a seat in Fifeshire, 6 5.
Ballinamoan, a seat in Waterford,:
Ballinlough, a seat in Westmeath,
Ballochmoyle, a seat in Ayrshire,
Ballota, stinking horehound, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez, H. peren. Eur. for the most part hedge- weeds.
Ball’s Pond nursery, 7518.
Ballydonnellan, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Ballygriffin, a seat in Tipperary, 7667.
Ballymont, a seat in Limerick, 7668.
Ballymoney, a seat in Down, 7683.
Ballyraget House, in Kilkenny, 7656.
Ballyroam, a seat in Queen’s County, 7659.
Bala,—see Melissa.
Balm of Gilead,—see Dracocephalum and Amyris.
Balnagow an, a seat in Ross-shire, 7647.
Balsam,— see Impatiens.
B am-apple, momordica balsamina.
Dalse am-herb, Justicia comata,
B alsam of Capevi, copaifera officinalis.
Balsam-tree,— see Amyris.
Balsamita, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, H. peren. Ital. of the easiest culture.
Balsamita vulgaris, the costmary, 4192.
Baltimora, sy nge n. polyg. necess. and corymbife- rem, a H. an. Vera Cruz, of common culture.
Bamboo-cane,— see Bambusa.
Bambusa, bamboo- cane, hexan. dig. and graminez, S. tr. India reeds, which thrive well in a loamy soil, and are readily increased by suckers.
Banana,—see Musa.
ge tetra Holl. soil ov third sad, jJants nevel
seldom re 00
ae id i ae prop a viding tl os baste
may be prop Rarbarea yulgal parberty barb berls. Barelle,. Giuse| i AUS, Burg Park, Bark for the u usually or m2 Bark, tann et, purposes, 19 Lf park stove, or the mass of D in which th plunged, oF heated trom the bed of m2 of the house. Bark-stove, Us and manage! Bark-stove, us crowing or fi Bark-stove, us agement, 62] Bark.stove, ust culture, 102. Barking-irous, 1343, Barleria, didyr India and A peat, with a freely UW Barley, Barmeath, a Barnbarrow Barnbougle} Barnes, Tho as an autl A.D, 175 Barnsley Pai Barton, a s Barometer, ¢ 1979, Baroh Hill,; Baron’s Cour Barosma, pt CBS wh
see
tings of rip tell-glass, Barrenwort,
Barringtonia Str Bly posed diff ar onet ripe wood
sand unde leaves, wi Barrington Barrow, dif Barrow Wat Jarruel-Beg I9 A.J Barth, a war Bartholina, peren, C, I and peat, y ME state» root,
1 thodorepes Y,
7} alter,
© best in sy
urge of gi
us colubinls,=
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Bane-berry(bana, Sax. a murderer, and berry),
actea spicata,
Banfshire, gardens of, 7640.
3anisteria, decan. trig. and malpighiacex, S. tr. Amer. and W. Ind. which grow well in sandy
loam, and cuttings of ripe wood root freely under
a hand-glass in sand.
3anksia, tetran. monog. and proteacee, G. tr. New
Holl. soil one third peat, one third loam, and one third sand, with the pots well drained, and the plants never let flag for want of water, as they will seldom recover. Cuttings must be well ripened before they are taken off, cut at a joint, and planted in pots of sand without shortening the leaves; cover with hand-glasses, but do not plunge in heat.
Banyan-tree(priest’s tree, Znd.), ficus religiosus.
Baptisia, decan. monog. and leguminosea, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow well in good garden soil, and are propagated by seeds, or(though slowly) by dividing the roots.
Barbadoes bastard-cedar, bubroma guazuma,
Barbadoes cherry,—see Malpighia.
Barbarea, winter-cress, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferex, H. peren. Brit. which will grow in any soil, and may be propagated by seeds, or dividing the plant.
Barbarea vulgaris, the common winter-cress, 4050.
Barberry(barb, a beard, and berry),—see Ber- beris.
Barelle, Giuseppe, his work on fungi, page 1128. A. D. 1808.
Barganny Park, Ayrshire, ih
Bark for the use of tanners, trees from which it is usually or may be obtained, 659. and 4754.
Bark, tanners’, how to manage for horticultural purposes, 1972.
Bark-stove, or moist-stove; a hot-house in which the mass of bark, earth, sand, or other materials in which the pots containing the plants are lunged, or the plants themselves planted, is Reread from below; or by the fermentation of the bed of materials, as well as by the atmosphere of the house.
Bark-stove, used in horticulture, its construction and management,— see Pine-stove.
Bark-stove, used in floriculture, its construction for growing or flowering plants, 6177.
Bark-stove, used in floriculture, its general man- agement, 6214.
Bark-stove, used in floriculture for propagation, its culture, 1629.
Barking-irons, for the garden, 1541; for the forest, 1343.
Barleria, didyn. angios, S. tr. bien. and G. peren. India and Amer. all which grow in loam and peat, with a little rotten dung, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.*
Barley,—see Hordeum.
Barmeath, a seat in Lowth, 7664.
Barnbarrow House, Wigtonshire, 7626.
Barnbougle Park, Linlithgowshire, 7632.
Barnes, Thomas, a name assumed by Sir John Hill, as an author on British gardening, page 1105. Az D: 1759.
Barnsley Park, Gloucestershire, 7565
Barnton, a seat in Midlothian, 360.
Barometer, as a means of foreknowing the weather, 1279.
Baron Hill, a seat in Anglesea, 7603.
Baron’s Court, a seat in Tyrone, 7679.
Barosma, pentan. monog. and diosmex, G. tr. C. B. S. which grow well in sandy peat, and cut- tings of ripened wood root readily in sand under a bell-glass.
Barrenwort,— see Epimedcium.
Barringtonia, monad. polyand. and myrtiacex, a S. tr. FE. Ind. a very fine plant, scarce, and sup- posed difficult to manage; soil two thirds loam, and one third peat kept moist, and cuttings of ripe wood taken off at a joint, and put in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, without shortening the leaves, will root readily.(Sweet.
Barrington Hail, Gloucestershire, 7
Barrow, different sorts of, 1441.
Barrow watering-engine, 1450.
Barruel-Beauvert, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1782.
GENERAL INDEX.
Bathorne House, Durham, 7584.
Bartonia, icos, monog. and rosacez, G. bien. Mis-
souri, of easy culture, and propagated by seeds.
Bartsia, tetrad. siliq. and scrophularinee, H. peren.
N. Amer. which are rather difficult to preserve,
and require a shady border of peat earth; or to
be planted in pots of the same soil, and kept
moist: and H. an. Brit. which grow freely in a
sandy soil.‘
Base-rocket, reseda lutea.
Basella, pentan. trig. and chenopodee, S. bien. and
an. of common culture.
Basella alba and rubra, as spinage plants, 4528,
Basil(Basil, a town in Switzerland),—see Ocy-
mum,
3ass inats,(from the Russian bast-bark), cloth of
liber, or inner bark, used in gardening, 1506.
Bassia, dodec. monog. and sapotee, S. tr. E. Indies,
which grow freely in hght loam, or loam and
peat; and ripened cuttings strike under a hand- glass in sand,
Bassingbourne Hall, Durham, 7584.
Bastard balm,— sce Melittis.
Bastard cabbage-tree, see Geoffroya.
Bastard cedar,— see Cedrela.
Bastard hare’s ear, phyllis nobla.
3astard indigo,—see Amorpha.
Bastard lupine,—see Lupinaster.
Bastard mangeneel,— see Cameraria,
Bastard orpine,— see Andrachie.
Bastard pimpernell, centunculus minimus.
Bastard toad-flax,—see‘Thesium.
Bastard vervain,—see Stachytarpheta.
Bastard vetch,— see Phaca.
Bastard, William, Esq. a British writer on garden- ing, page 1108. A. D. 1777.
Bastien, Jean Francois, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1805.
Batschia, pentan. monog. and boraginez, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow well in common soil, and are increased by seeds, or dividing the roots.
Bauera, polyan. dig. and cistinez, G. tr. N.S. W. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in the same soil under a bell-glass.
Bauhinia, mountain ebony, decan. monog. and le- guininosex, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. mostly climbers which thrive well in light loam, and cuttings between old and young, do well under a bell-glass in sand, in a moist heat.
Bauman, ¥. G., his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1788.
Baven, faggots of branches and spray, with their ends untrimmed. 3avis Mount, a seat in Hampshire, 7592.
Bawd-money, meum athamanticum.
Bay,— see Laurus.
Bayham Abbey, a seat in Sussex, 7531.
Baxin, Giles Augustin, his works on gardening, page 1117. A. D. 1741.
Beale, Dr. John, a British author on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1666.
Beale, John, a British author on gardening, page 1100. A. D. 1657.
Bean,— see Vicia.
Bean-tree,— see Zygophyllum.
Bean-trefoil, menyanthes trifoliata,—see Meny- anthes.
Bearbind,— see Convolvulus.
Bear’s breach,—see Acanthus.
Bear’s ear, sanicle,— see Sanicula.
Bearberry, arbutus uva-ursi.
Bearde, de Y Abbaye, his Essay on Agriculture, page 1118. A. D. 1769. A
Beaudesart, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570. Zeaufortia, polyadelph. icosan. and myrtiacee,
G. tr. N. Hol. soil, two thirds peat and one third sandy loam, and cuttings from nearly ripened wood, strike root freely in sand under a bell- glass.
Beaumanor, a seat in Leicestershire, 7575.
Beaumont, Sir Harry, a name assumed by Mr, Spence, and affixed to letters from China, trans- lated trom those of the Jesuits, and descriptive of the emperor’s gardens, 470,
Beaumont, Simon de, a distinguished citizen of
Holland in the 17th century, a great encourager
Barton(Saa.), a backside or backlying field,
Barth, a warm place, or pasture.
Bartholina, gynan. monan. and orchider, a G. peren. C. B.S. which thrives best in sandy loam and peat, with a little water when not in a grow- ing state; it is propagated by dividing the root.
4F 2
of botany and gardening, who had a fine garden at Beverning, 152.
| Beaumont Lodge, Berkshire, 7561.
| Beaunier,———, his work on gardening, page | 1192. A. D. 1820.
i Beauty, that property in objects by which they are
1172 GENERAL INDEX.
recommended to the power or faculty of taste;
the reverse of ugliness; the primary, or most
general object of love or admiration.(Jeffrey, in
See Encyc. Brit.) That which gives pleasure
to the mind in objects of sense.(M.A. Schimmelt- penninck, chap. i.)
Though, in the common colloquial acceptation of the term beauty, it is applied only to such ob- jects as delight the senses of vision and hearing; yet, in the strict and literal sense of the word, a fine view, a harmonious concert, the perfume of a rose, or the taste of an anana, are each possess- ed of beauty.
The authors quoted, and also Alison, Stewart, and Knight, have discussed the subject of beauty in a clear and satisfactory manner, by which it appears that the great error of preceding writers on the subject, consisted in supposing that there was only one kind of beauty; whereas, there are many kinds, though some are much more general and universal than others. Nothing but mind can either please or disgust mind; and therefore the beauty that we see in objects depends, as D’ Alembert has observed, on what is within our- selves. Man is possessed of the origin of every taste and refined enjoyment naturally; but every one of these, from the lowest sense to the highest, requires cultivation before it become capable of conferring much intellectual gratification. Though in the nature of things, therefore, there may be an absolute or universal beauty; yet, practically, all beauty may be said to be relative to the state of man in different countries and ages, and in different degrees of civilisation and refinement. Fashion, therefore, or the prevailing modes of the day, will by the great number of persons, always be esteemed the true criterion of beauty.
Beauty of kitchen-garden scenery, 2355; of the flower-garden, 6201; of landscape scenery, 7157. Bechstein, D. J. M. his works on gardening, page
1127. A.D. 1818
Becker, William, Glo, his work on gardening, page LISS ACS 795:
Beckett, the seat of the Rev. Lord Barrington, near Farringdon, in Gloucestershire, 326.
Beckmannia, trian. dig. and graminez, a H. an. Eur. a grass of the easiest culture.
Beckmann, John, 75, his writings relative to gar- dening, page 1124. A. D. 1781
Beckstedt, J. Kp. his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D, 1795.
Beddington, a seat in Surrey, 7528.
Bedfordshire, gardens and residences of, 7549.
Bed-straw,—see Galium.
Bee,—see Apis.
Bee-house,— see Apiary.
3eech,— see Fagus.
Beechwood Park, Hertfordshire, 7544.
Beet, 3731.— see Beta.
Beet(Sav.), to boot or help, a term used by gar- deners in Scotland for filling up blanks in plant- ations. To beet up, is with them synonymous with to plant up, or fill up with plants, 6881.
Begonia, moneec. polyan. and hydrocharidea, S. tr. peren. and bien. S. Amer. succulent plants which grow readily in sandy loam, and cuttings root freely in the same soil.
Bejaria, dodec. monog. and rhodoracez, a G. tr. Florida, which thrives best in sandy peat, and may be increased by layers and cuttings; the latter planted in sand under a bell-glass in a little peat.
Belan, a seat in Kildare, 7657.
Belchamp Hill, a seat in the county of Durham, 7584.
Belgrave, William, his works on gardening, page 1131. A. D: 1755:
Belle-vue, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Bell-flower,— see Campanula.
Bell-glass, a curvilinear utensil, of glass, in one piece; called a receiver among chemists. It is used for covering cuttings of plants, and differs from a hand-glass, in the latter being larger and composed of several pieces glazed in a frame, 1431.
Bellew, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Bellis, daisy, syngen. polyg super. and corymbi- ferexe, H. tr. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Bellisie, a seat in Fermanagh, 7677
Bellium, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, H. peren. and an. Italy, rock-work plants of common culture.
t Bellows for fumigation, used in gardening, 1482. Belmont, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568.
Belmont, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570.
Beleil, a fine villa near Paris, which before the revolution, belonged to the celebrated Prince de Ligne, 169.
Belon, Peter, a French writer on gardening, page 1115, A. D. 1553, if
Belvidere, a seat in Kent, 7537.
Belvoir Castle, Lincolnshire, 7578.
Belvoir, a seat in Down, 7683.
Belvue(pretty view, F%.), a very common name of country-seats in most parts of the world.
Bénard, Mons. de, author of some papers on gar- dening, published in Mémoires de la Société du Seine et Oise, during the present century, 185,
Bengal, its circumstances as to gardening, 500.
Bengalore, a royal residence with celebrated gar- dens in the East Indies, 461.;
Benbam House, Berkshire, 7561.
Benigni, Fortunato, his work on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1815.
Benjamin-tree, Jaurus benzoin.
Benningsen, General Von, a native of Germany, and general of cavalry in the Russian service; a warm patron of arts and sciences, who had a fine seat and botanic garden near Wilna, which was burnt to the ground and destroyed in the retreat of 1812, 283.
Bent-grass,— see Agrostis.
Bentley Priory, Middlesex, 7521.
Bents, bulrushes,— see Juncus.
Berardia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cynarocepha- lee, H. peren. Italy, of common culture
Berberis, barberry, hexan. monog. and berberidee, H. tr. Eur. and Amer, of robust growth and easy culture, propagated by suckers and seeds.
Berberis vulgaris, the common barberry, 4620.
Berceau(cradle, arch, /’r.), an arbor or bower, formed in horticulture and arboriculture as a place of repose,— see Arbor.
Berckheya, syng. polyg. frust. G. tr. and bien. C. B.S. which grow freely in loam and peat, and root readily in common earth under a hand- glass.
Berger, Ch. Glo., his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1802.
Bergius, Peter Jonas, his work on gardening, pag> 1130, A, D. 1780.
Berkshire, gardens and residences of, 7560.
Bernstein, J. Glo., his work on gardening, pa ze 1125, Ae 1793:
3eroot, a seat of the Emir Facardine, near Jeru- salem, in the 17th century, 457.
Berries, grown in horticulture, as edible fruits, 4595.
Berrington, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568.
Berry-bearing alder, rhamnus frangula,
Berry-gatherer, 1356.
Berthoion,, his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1800.
Bertrand, Franci 118. AS DE1757.
Bértrand, Mons. of Bruges, his villa, 122.
Bertuch, M. his work on gardening, page 1197. A. D. 1821.
Berwickshire, gardens of, 7620.
Besca(old Latin), a spade or shovel.
Besl. eyst., Besleri hortus eystettensis.
Besleria, didyn. angios, and scrophularinee, S. tr. W. Ind. handsome plants, of easy culture in rich light soil. Cuttings strike freely in rotten tan, without any protection.
Besnier,——— a French writer on gardening, page PLT Gn eAL EDS 1/05;
Besom, different kinds of, used in gardening,
321,
Beta, beet, pent. dig. and chenopodee, a G. bien. Mad. H. peren. Hung. and H. bien. Eur. and Brit. of easy culture in sandy loam, and propa- gated by seeds.
Beta cicla, the white beet, a spinaceous plant, 3779. It is from the roots of this Jast species that the French and Germans obtained sugar with so much success during the late war.‘The follow- ing was the ordinary process:— Reduce the roots toa pulp, by pressing them between two rough cylinders; put the pulp in bags and press out the liquor it contains; boil this liquor, precipitate
his works on gardening, page
the saccharine matter by quick-lime; pour off
the liquor; add to the residuum a solution of sulphuric acid, and boil again; the lime uniting with the acid, is got rid of by straining; and the
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ill pore. in loam and sand under 2 Billet(billot, F fuel; billet. Biscutella, bu ciferer, a I common cul Biserrula, hate nosea, H, al Bishop's Cour Bishop’s weed, Bilston House shire, 7571. Bindweed,—s Binnarium(L and feeding« Birch, see B Bird-pepper,— Birds, or feath to destroy, 2 Bird’s eye, pri Bird’s foot,— Birdsfoot-tret Birdsal, a sea Birth-wort,~ Bitter-sweet, Bitter vetch,. Bixa, anotta, W. Ind. wh flowers, and flowering pI soon: they sind, and” Peat,
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GENERAL
liquor may then be gently evaporated, or left to
granulate slowly, atter which it is ready for un-
dergoing the common process of refining raw sugars.
Beta maritima, a native plant which may be used as an esculent, 4294,
Beta vulgaris, the common red beet, 3731.;
Betonica, betony, didyn. gymmos. and labiatex, HT. peren. Kur. of common culture.
3etonica officinalis, a tea-plant, 4319.
Betony,— see Betonica.
Betula, birch, moneec. polyan. and amentacex, H. ir. of easy culture; the American sorts prefer bog-earth and moisture, and are propagated by sceds or layers, and some curious sorts by gratting or budding.
Setula alba, and other species cultivated as timber- trees, 7108. to 7111.
Bevel, or bevel-square, an instrument made use of by carpenters and masons, and also in gardening tor the adjusting of angles.
Bib. Bank., bibliotheca banksiana.
Bickham, George, a British writer on gardening, page 1104, A. D. 1750.
Bicton, a seat in Devonshire, 7600
Bidens, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez, a5. an. H. peren. and H. an. E. Ind, and 8. Amer, the annual species may be treated as tender and half-bardy annuals; they preter a moist situation and light soil.‘The perennials may be kept in pots in similar soil, and propagated by dividing the plant.
Bidet, M——, his writings on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1759.
Biennial plants, such as are of two years’ duration in their natural circumstances; but by culture, and especially by pinching off the flowers as they appear, many of these may be rendered triennial or of still longer duration. Many exotics, which are annuals and biennials in their native coun- tries, are perennials in our stoves.
Biennials, hardy, 6504.
Biennials, frame, 6595.
Biemnials, green-house, 6660.
Biennials, stove, 6663.
Bignonia, trumpet-flower, didyn. angios. and big- noniacew, S. and G. tr. 8. Amer. and China, some are climbers, and all grow well in loam and peat, and young shoots root readily, either in mouid or sand, under a hand-glass in heat. The H. tr. are climbers, and grow well in common soil, and are increased by cuttings from the young wood or roots. 3ilham House, Yorkshire, 7582.
Bill, an edge-tool, at the end of a stale or handle; if short, it is called a hand-bill, and when long, a hedging or hedgebill,—see Hedgebill.
Billardiera, apple-berry, pentan. monog. and pittos- poree, G. tr. Austral. climbers, which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a bell-glass.
Billet(bédlot, Fr.), a tree or log of wood, cut up for fuel; billet-wood.
INDEX. ae
Blackberry; in England, the berries of the bramble are so named, and in Scotland, those of the black currant.
Black bryony,— see Tamus.
Black saltwort, glaux maritima.
Black snake-root, cimicifuga serpentaria.
Blackmore Park, Worcestershire, 7566.
Blackwell, Elizabeth, widow ot Dr. Blackwell, who died in Sweden; author of a Curious herbal, containing 500 cuts of the usetul plants, adder-nut,— see Staphylea.
adder-senna,— see Colutea.
ade(blad, Sax.), a leat.
«ria, tetran. monog. and ericexw, G. tr. C. B.S.
which thrive only in sandy peat, and young cut-
tings will root in sand under a bell-glass, or in a
close frame in a shady situation.
Blair Adam, a seat in Kinross-shire, 7634. stair Drummond, the seat of the late Lord Kaimes, and now of Mr. Home Drummond, in Perth- shire, 7636.
Blair House, or Blair Athol, a seat of the Duke of Athol, in Perthshire, 7636.
e Castle, Gloucestershire, 7554.
Biake, Stephen, a British writer on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1664.
Blakea, dodec. monog. and melastomeex, a Sot: Jamaica, which thrives weil in peat and loam, and requires a good deal of water; cuttings re- quire to be quite ripe, otherwise they rot; plant- ed in sand in moist heat under a hand-glass, they root freely.
lakie,‘Vhomas, Esq. of Beechwood, near Hdin- burgh, C.M. H.S., 170.
Blanching(whitening), a process for depriving plants of part of their bitter qualities, 2156,
Blanching-pots, 1427.
Blandiordia, hexan. monog. and hemerocallides, G. peren. N.S. W. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are propagated by suckers or seeds.
Blarney Castle, in Ireland, 568,
Blast, plants, and especially the cereal grasses, are said to be blasted when the seeds or ears are lank and thin,—see Vegetable Pathology.
Blatta, the black beetle, or cock-roach, 2239,
Blechum, didyn. angios. and acanthacew, a8. peren. W. Ind. which grows well in a rich light soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in heat.
Blechnum, cryptog. filiges, and filicee, G. and H. peren. C. B.S. Eur, and N. Amer. ferns, which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by di- viding at the root or seeds.
Biendon Hall, Kent, 7537.
Blenheim, a seat in Oxfordshire, 7559.
Blessington gardens, situated in the county of Dubhn, formerly of some note, 367.
Bletia, gynan. monan. and orchidex, S peren. China and W, Ind. which grow well in sandy joam and peat, and are readily propagated by dividing at the root.
Blickling Hall, Norfolk, 7554.
Blighia, akee-tree, octan. Monog. and sapindex, a S. tr. 5975.
Bl Dl Bl ib)
Biscutella, buckler-mustard, tetrad. siliq. and cru- ciferex, a F. tr. and H. peren. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Biserrula, hatchet-vetch, diadel, decan. and legumi- nosex, H. an. S. Eur, of common culture.
Bishop’s Court, a seat in Kildare, 7657.
Bishop’s weed,— see Ammi.
Bilston House, the seaf of Addison, in Warwick- shire, 7571.
Bindweed,— sce Convolvulus.
Binnarium(Lat.), a pond or stew for the keeping and feeding of fish.
Birch,— see Betula.
Bird-pepper,— see Capsicum.
Birds, or feathered enemics of gardens, 2223; how to destroy, 2280.
Bird’s eye, primula farinosa,
Bird’s foot,— see Ornithopus.
Birdsfoot-trefoil,—see Lotus,
Birdsal, a seat in Yorkshire, 582,
Birth-wort,— see Aristolochia.
Bitter-sweet, solanum dulcamara.
Bitter vetch,— see Orobus.
Bixa, anotta, polyan. monog. and tiliacez, aS. tr.
W? Ind. which grows to a large plant before it flowers, and therefore cuttings should be taken from flowering plants, in order that they may flower soon: they root freely under a hand-glass in sand, and the plants grow well in loam and
peat. 4
Blight, a common term for injuries received by the vegetable kingdom when in a state of growth, which cannot be referred to any obvious or cer- tain cause, and coming suddenly is said to give them the appearance ot being blighted or blasted, —see Vegetable Pathology.
Blith or Blythe, Walter, 142. a British writer on gardening, page 1100. A. D. 1649.
Bhthfield Park, Staffordshire, 7570.
Blit, an ancient synonym for the beet, beta.
Blitum, strawberry-blite, monan. dig. and chenopo- dex, H. an. S. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Bobait, Jacob, a British author on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1684.
Boboli gardens, at Florence, 83.
Boc, mus., Museo di Piante rare di Don Paulo
3occone.
Bocconia, tree-celandine, dodec. monog. and papa- veracee, aS. tr. Ind. which grows well in sandy loam, and ripens seeds plentifully; and a H. peren. China, which grows in rich soil, and is pro-
| pagated by dividing the roots.
| Bockmann, 2——, bis work on gardening, page
|
I
>A 1127. A. D. 1815. Bodfach, a seat in Montgomeryshire, 7611. Bodorgan, a seat in Anglesea, 7603. 3ceehmeria, moncec. tetrand. and urticea, a G. tr. Canar, which thrives well in loam and peat, and ! cuttings root freely in the same kind of soil i793
i
: i
| w Ss: Se
a
,
|
f
ee
pe eee VS
eit
under a hand-glass. The H. peren. Virginia, grows in peat soil, and is propagated by dividing the root.‘
Boerhaavia, hog-weed, dian. monog. and nyctagi- nex, 8. tr. and peren. Indies, which thrive well in rich loam, and cuttings root readily.
Bettiger, C. A., his works, page 1127. A. D. 1817.
Bog-rush,— see Schcenus.
Boissier, a beautiful villa near Geneva, 240.
Bolesworth Castle, Cheshire, 7590.
Boltonia, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferez, H. peren. N. Amer, of common culture, 7594. Bombax, silk-cotton tree, monad. polyan. and mal- vacee, S. tr. E. Ind. and S. Amer. which grow treely in loamy soil, and cuttings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, will root freely under a hand-
glass in heat.
Bonchurch Cottage, Isle of Wight, 7594.
Bonfeil, John, a British author on gardening, page 1099. A. D, 1622.
Bonnelle, Charles, his work on gardening, page 1118, A. D. 1763.
Bontia, didyn. angios, and myoporinee, a S. tr. W. Ind. which thrives in peat and loam, and cut- tings root readily in heat, under a hand-glass.
Books on gardening, 7685,
Books of accounts and others required to be kept by gardeners, 2337.
Booth’s Hall, Cheshire, 7590.
Borage,— see Borago,
Borago, borage, pentan. monog. and boraginex, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of the easiest cul- ture.
Borago officinalis, the common borage, 4127.
Borassus, dicec. hexan. and palmee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which thrives well in sandy loam, and is propa- gated by seed.
Borbonia, diadel. decan. and Ieguminosee, G. tr. C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and young cuttings strike readily under a bell-glass in sand.
Borch, Michael Jean, Comte de, his works on gar- dening, page 1128. A. D. 1780.
Border(bordure, Fr.), the edge, fringe, or margin of any thing, especially when distinguished bya line of demarcation, by ornament, or otherwise, from the main piece or plot
Border-flowers, herbaceous plants of hardy consti- tution and easy culture, well adapted for orna- menting borders. In floriculture they are classed under distinct heads, viz. as perennials, OF bulbs, 6500; biennials, 6504; hardy annuals, 6506; half- hardy annuals, 6512; for particular purposes, 6915; for concealing upright deformities, 6516; horizontal detormities, 6517; which will grow under the shade and drip of trees, 6518; for orna- menting pieces of water, 6519; rocks, 6524; with evergreen leaves for winter display, 6527; for
3; highly odorifer- ferns and mosses, 6534; alpines, 6537; common showy sorts for a small garden, 6538.
Borders tor fruit-trees, 2484.
Borders tor gardening are of general use in horti- culture and floriculture, as accompaniments to walks, and walls or other fences. The former are chiefly as ornamental compartments; and the latter partly ornamental, but chiefly for the cul- ture of fruit-trees, and the more delicate herba- ceous esculen The width of borders that accompany walks, is generally guided by that of the walk; but they are esteemed handsomer when broader ratner than narrower; wall or fence borders should, according to the most approved ideas, never be less than the height of the wall or fence; since the roots of a tree require as much room to extend themselves as the shoots. For the formation of fruit-tree borders in kitchen- gardens, see 2484; and in flower-gardens, 6111. to 6118.
30recole(boreal cole, northern cole or cale),—see Brassica.;
Borghese, villa of, at Rome, 8+.; Bornefond,, a French writer on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1653.: Bornet, Charles Henry, his works on gardening,
page 1120. A. D. 1800.
Borning-piece, 1367.
SOLONIa,“OCLATi@ MONOR. ANC) ccecceececessoseses| Ge Le N.S. W. which thrive well in loam and peat, and young cuttings strike readily under a bell-glass in sand.
Borrington, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
3orya, dic. dian. and cuphorbiacex, H.
ay th) IN.
GENERAL INDEX.
Amer. which thrive in any common soil, and are increased by layers. Ripened cuttings planted in autumn will also take root.
Bosc, Monsieur Louis Auguste Guillaume, F.L.S. Hi.S., inspector of the government garden of the Luxembourg, Paris; his works on gardening, page 1122. a. D. 1819.
Boscage(boscagium, Lat. or bocage, Fr.), a grove or thicket of trees,
Boscus(old Lat.), all manner of wood,
Bose, Gaspard, proprietor of a fine garden near Leipsic, at the end of the 17th century, 217,
3osea, golden rod, pentan. dig. and chenopodee, a G. tr. Canar. which grows freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand, under a hand- glass, without heat.
Bossixa, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, G. tr. <.ustral. which grow in Joam and peat, with a little sand, the pots being well drained; and cut- tings, not too ripe, will root in sand, under a bell- glass, guarding against damp.
Boston House, Middlesex, 7521.
Bot. Cult., Sweet’s Botanical Cultivator, 8yo. 1820,
Bot. Mag., Curtis’ Botanical Magazine.
Bot. Reg., Kerr’s Botanical Register,
Bot. Rep., the Botanist’s Repository for new and rare plants, by H. Andrews.
Botanic garden, a garden for the culture of plants with a view to botanical science, 7323.
Botanic gardener or curator, 7386; his duties, 7498.
Botanic gardens for the sale of plants, at Monk- wood, 7627; at Forfar, 7637.
Botanic gardens of Chelsea, 7517; Kew, 7529; Ox- ford, 7557; Cambridge, 7551; Hull, 7581; Liver-
Bury, 7502; Edinburgh, 7618; Glas- gow, 7629; Dublin, 7653; Cork, 7666,
Botanic gardens, public, their formation, management, 7497.
Bothwell House, Lanarkshire, 7¢
Botley, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570.
Botley, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
3otrychium, moonwort, cryptog. stachyopterides, and filicer, H. peren. N. Amer. and Brit. ferns, which grow in peat earth in shady situations, and are propagated by dividing the root or by seeds.
Bouché, Vierre, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D, 1809,
Boulevard, a promenade, 7315,
Boullay,——, a French writer on gardening, page LUE ASD S712
Boultibrooke, a seat in Radnorshire, 7610,
3ourbon palm, latania rubra.
Bourreria, pentan. monog. and boraginee, S. tr. i. and W. Ind. of easy culture in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Boursoait, Monsieur, possessor of a fine garden in Paris, 173.
Bousmard,——, his writings on gardening, page
LON ASD 783:
Boutcher, William, a British author on gardening, page 1108. A. D. 1772.
Bouvardia, tetran. monog. and rubiaceew, G. tr. N. and S. Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings of the roots, or young cuttings under a hand-glass in heat.
Bowden, a seat in Wiltshire, 330,
Bower(bur, or bure, Sax. a parlor), an arbor formed with trees,—see Arbor.
Bowood, a seat in Wiltshire, 7597.
Boxthorn,— see Lycium,
Box-tree,—see Buxus.
Br., Brown, Robert, Esq. F. R.S., possessor of the Banksian Library, one of the first botanists of Europe, distinguished for his knowledge, and im- provement of the Jussieuean system.
Brabejum, African almond, polyg. meneec. and pro- teacee, a Gr. tr. C. B. S. which grows in sand and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Brachysema, decan. monog. and leguminosez, a G. tr. N. Holl. a climber which thrives well in sandy loara and peat, and is increased by layers or cut- tings under a bell-glass in sand.
Bradford, a town in Yorkshire, gardens of, 7582.
Bradley, Richard, ¥.R.S., a British author on gar- dening, page 1102. A.D. 1716.
Bradwell Lodge, Durham, 7584.
Bradwell Lodge, Hampshire, 7594.
Braham Castle, Ross-shire, 7647.
Braid House, Midlothian, 7618.
Brake, the tern pteris.
Bramble,—see Rubus.
» Hous pes Yo yh on Gl | aD,
i p 5{198. f Pel Hall 2. rai 4 sea Br astill, 8 pb t0,—> nass ola, Bye. W, Ind. ¢ k a up in ng*o the fl an. 2
as a
hu
or Mos
Brassldy Jam.#
as the bias as af ti
nleracea a olel
yg sprouts
Jeracea ¥¢
Ol, w* s ‘ea oleracea ¥: Sica Oe 0
ing, page 11 Brodizea, hexal peren. Geor peat, Kept m the root like Brodie House, Bromborough
hard and con rather moist fruiting sort very hardy
production ¢ fruit, by wi propagated Bromelia anar tory and yz
“0Y/; prefer ficial heat, 2 partment, 2 Mruiting der common to t “MM; compe
UIUOy spi}
SOL, and»
tin 9 nae © Pantad jy
Of Wood 18 fhe ga
ith Century
Sand, Under 4
Heguminosee, AM aid peat, vith Nell drained; and eu. Vitsand, under abel
ie AepOsitOrY for new ani m8,
i the culture of plas cienee, 732,
ator, 158:
dutie,
f plants, at Moat.
Edinburgh, 7; s Cork, 766i, their formation, 18;
eryptog, stachopen N, Amer, ald Dri
tings 00§
author on gruel
and rub y grow in Joa a i) he ro0s, o
ot the n lieat
+ ope 2
GENERAL INDEX. DL75
Bramborough House, Cheshire, 7590.| Bramham Park, Yorkshire, 7552.| Bramieri, Don Giulio, his works on gardening,
page 1128. A. D. 167.) Bramwell Hall, a seat in Cheshire, 7590.| Bramshill, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.|
3rasiletto,—see Cesdipinia.
Brassavola, gyhan monan. and orchidew, aS. peren. W. Ind. a parasite, or air-plant, which may be hung up in baskets of moss or tan, Or tied in a belt of moss to the trunk of a palm or other tree.
Brassia, gynan. monan. and orchidez, a 8. peren. Jam. an air-plant, requiring the same treatment as the brassavola
Brassica, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferee, H. peren. picn. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture, 3485.
Brassica oleracea var.&. capitata, the white cabbage, 3487.
Brassica oleracea var. 6. rubra, the red cabbage, 3509.
y. sabauda, the Savoy cabbage,
Brassica oleracea var. $513
Brassica oleracea var. y. sabauda subvar. y., the Brussels sprouts, 3522.
Brassica oleracea var sabellica, the borecole, 3527.
Brassica oleracea var.«. botrytis, the cauliflower,
3538. 3rassica oleracea var. ¢. botrytis subvar. ¢., the broc- coli, 3555. Brassica oleracea vat cabbage, 3529 Brassica napa, rape, used as a salad plant in gardens, and grown in agriculture for food for sheep, and for the seed to be pressed for its oil, 4028. Brassica rapa, turnip, 3693. Brassica eruca, a salad plant, 4063. Bread-nut,—see Brosimum. 3read-fruit,—see Artocarpus. Brechin Castle, a seat in Forfarshire. Brecket Hall, Hertfordshire, 7544.
zy. napobrassica, turnip-rooted
Breconshire, gardens of, 7613. Breitenbach, Ph. Fr. his works on gardening, page
1126. A. D. 1805.
Breitschneider, K.B. his work on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1798.
Brentford nursery, Middlesex, 7518.
Bretby Park, a seat in Derbyshire, 7574.
Bretonniere, M——, de la, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1783.
Brickenden Bury, a seat in Hertfordshire, 7544.
Bridel, his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1798.
Bridgeman, a landscape-g rdener of eminence in the early part of the 18th century, 342.
Bridges, different kinds of, used in gardening, 1782.
3ritish authors on gardening, 7686
Briza, quaking-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. peren. and an. Brit. grasses of the easiest culture.
Bro. Jam., the Civiland Natural History of Jamaica, by Patr. Browne.
Broadlands, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Brochieri, Francesco, his work on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1777.
Brockelesby Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Brockley Park, in Queen’s County, 7659.
Brocq, Philip, le, M.A. a British writer on garden- ing, page 1109. A. D. 1786.
Brodizea, hexan. monog. and hemerocallider, G. peren. Georgia, which grow well in sand and peat, kept moist, and are propagated by dividing the root like agapanthus.
Brodie House, in Kincardineshire, 7638.
Bromborough House, 7990
Brome-grass,— see Bromus.
Bromelia, hexan. monog. and bromeliacee, S. tr. natives of South America and the West Indies, all of which grow well in two thirds good fresh loam, one third leaf mould or rotten dung, and as much sand as will prevent the mixture from getting hard and compact, with watering. A warm, and rather moist atmosphere is required to grow the fruiting sorts to any size; but they are otherwise very hardy. Most of the species bear that peculiar production called a crown on the summit of their fruit, by which, or by suckers, they are usually propagated.
Bromelia ananas, the common pine-apple; its his- tory and varieties, 4784; its general culture, 2697; preferable varieties, 2698; soil, 2700; arti- ficial heat, 2706; propagation, 2712; nursing de- partment, 2715; succession department, 2753; fruiting department, 2792; general directions common to the three departments, 2842; insects,
906: compendium of a course of culture, 2917;
I
—— a
recent improvements by Knight, Marsland,&c¢
2994.
3rompton agricultural nursery, Middl<
3rompton Park nursery, Middlesex, 75
3romus, brome-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. peren. tr. and an. Eur, of the easiest cul- ture.
Brooklime, veronica beccabuns
brookshaw, George, a British gardening author, page 1114 A. D. 1817.
Brook-weed,—see Samolus.
Broom,— see Spartium.
Broom-rape,—see Orobanche.
Brosimum, bread-nut, polygam. Aicec. and ww..., S. tr. Jam. soil, a light loam; propagation by large old cuttings not divested of their leaves, in a pot of sand under a hand-glass in a moist
d, Davy, or David, a French writer on gar-
dening, page 1115. A. D 1552.
Brossea, pentag. monog. and ericer, a S. tr. 5 Amer. which grows in peat and sand, and young cuttings will root in the same mixture under a bell-giass on gentle heat.
Brotera, syngen. poly. segr. and cynarocephalez, a H. peren S. Amer. which will grow in common loam, and is propagated by diviaing the root.
Broughton Hail, Staffordshire, 7570.
Broughton House, Kircudbrightshire, 7625.
3roughton, or Ade Iphi nursery, Edinburgh, 7618.
Broughtonia, yan. monan. and orchidex, a»s. peren. Jam. an air-plant, requiring the same t reatment as brassav ola.
Brousse, M—— de la, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1772.
Broussonetia, paper-muiberry, dicee. tetran. and urticer, a H. tr. Japan, which grows in common garc 1-soil, and is readily increased by laye
3rowallia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, G. an. Ss. Amer. of the usual treatment.
Brown, Launcelot, Isq. a celebrated landscape-gar- dener, born at Cambol, or Camphill, a few houses near the village of Hartburn, in Northumberland. He died in 1782, without issue, holding at the time the situation of head-gardener at Hampton- court, and possessed of considerable wealth, which he left toa nephew, 342.
Pp
Browne, Robe v4 itish writer on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1/ob. Browne, Sir‘Thomas, M. D., a British author on 21110. A.D. 1658
gardening, pé Brownea, monad. decan. and leguminosez, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows best in loamy soil, and cut-
tings of ripened yood will rcot in sand under a hand-glass in moist heat.
3rownsholme, a seat in Lancashire, 7588.
Broxburn Bury, a seat in Hertfordshire, 7544.
Broxmore, a seat in Wiltshire, 7596.
Broxted Lodge, Durham, 7584.
Brucea, dicec. tetran, ana terebintacee, a S. tr. Abyssinia, which thrives in loamy soil, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat,
Bruchus pisi, 3642.
Brugmansia, pentan. monog. and solanew, a S. tr. Peru, which thrives in rich loam, and strikes frorn cuttings in moist heat
Bruley, C— his works on gardening, page 112 A. D. 1804.
Brulles,——> 4 1110. A. D. 179
Brunia, pentan. monog. and rhamnea, G. tr. C. B.S with heath-like leaves, which grow in sandy peat with a moderate supply cf water; and young cut-
tings in sand, under a pell-glass, will strike root
British writer on gardening, page {)
free a Bryansford, a seat in Down, 7689. Bryant, Charles, a British author on garaenig, 5 109.}
page 1 7
A. D. 1784. Bryony,—see Bryonia. 3ubon, pentag. dig. and umbelliferee, G. tr. and G.
bien. Eur. and C.B.S. grow freely well in loam | and peat, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint, | and planted under a hand-glass in sand, will | root readily; the H. bien. species is of easy cul-
ture. Bubroma, bastard cedar, polyadel. dodec. and mal- vacex, a S. tr. Jamaica, W hich thrives well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass. Buch. ic., Buch’s icones} lantarum. z Buchnera, didyn. angios and scrophularinee, a H. peren. N. Amer. which grows best in pots in loam
and peat, and 1s increased chiefly by seeas
i 4
a ene
1176 GENERAL INDEX,
Buchox, Pierre Joseph, page 1118. A. D. 1760, Bucida, olive-bark tree, decan. monog, and santala- cee, aS. tr. Jamaica, which grows best in loam and peat, and well ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass plunged in heat. Buckbean, menyanthes trifoliata. Buckhurst Park, Sussex, 7531. Buckinghamshire, gardens and residences of, 7546. 3utea, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, S, tr E. Buckler-mustard,— see Biscutella. Ind. splendid plants which grow in loam yeat, Bucknal, Thomas Skip Dyot, Esq. a British author and cuttings take on gardening, page 1112. A. D. 1797. sand, and not deprived of their leaves, will root Buckthorn,— see Khamnus. in moist heat, covered with a hand-glass. Buckwheat, polygonum fagopyrum, Buteshire, gardens of, 7650, Buckwheat-tree, mylocarpum ligustrinum, Butler, gardener to the Earl of Derby, at Know- Budding, different modes of, 2050, to 2062. lesley, and afterwards a nurseryman at Prescot,
his works on gardening,| Burwell Park, a seat in Linc
Burwood Park, Surrey, f
Bury St. Edmunds, botanic garden
Bushey Park, at Hampton Court,
Bushnell’s Wells, Oxfordshire, 1662.
Bussato, Marco, his work on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1794.
Butcher’s broom,— see Ruscus.
-olnshire, 7578
~!
at, 7552, 523.
! 0) and peat, n off at a joint, and planted in
Buddlea, tetran. monog. and scrophularine, G. tr. 1589. anda H. tr. Chili, and C.B.S, which thrive in any Butomus, flowering-rush, ennean, hexag. and hy- loamy soil, and cuttings root freely under a com- drocharidew, a H. peren. Brit an aquatic. mon hand-glass.
3utter-bur, tussilago petasites. Butter-wort,— see Sanicula,
Buenos Ayres, a seat in Gloucestershire. Buffon, George Louis le Clerc, Count de, his works Buttneria, pentan. monog. and malvacee, S. tr. on gardening, page 1117. A. D. 1739. Amer. which grow in loam and peat or rich loam, Buffonia, tetran. dig. and caryophyllea, a H. an. of and ripened cuttings root under cominon culture. Bugle,—see Ajuga. Bugloss,—see Anchusa. Bug-wort,— sce Cimicifuga. Buildings, how to
a hand-glass in sand.
Button-flower,— see Gomphia
Button-tree,— see Conocarpus,
Button-weed,— see Spermacoce.
Button-wood, cepnalanthus occidentalis.
Butret,—-, his works on gardening, page 1120, A. D. 1795.
Buxus, moncec, tetran. and euphorbiacee, H. tr. of easy culture, and propagated by cuttings or layers.
Buxus sempervirens, the common box-tree, the best of all edging shrubs, 6582; asa timber--tree, 7118.
sysshe Court, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Bystropogon, didyn. gymnos. and labiateew, G. tr. Canaries, which thrive in loam and peat, and cut-
| lungs root readily in the same soil under a hand-
| glass.
|
|
Bulbocodium, hexan. monog. and melanthacew, a £1. peren. Spain, a bulb of common culture.
3ulbs, their management as articles of trade in the
nursery business, 7487.
Bulbs, what, 778;_ to propagate by, 835; to cultivate hardy bulbous flowers, 6501; exotic bulbs,—see Frame, Green-house,&c.
Bull. herb., Herbier de la France, par M. Bulliard.
Bulstrode, a seat in Buckinghamshire, 7547.
Bumalda, pentan. dig. and rhamnez, a G. tr. Japan, which thrives well in an equal portion of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings root readily under a hand-glass in sand.
Bumelia, pentan. monog. and sapotez, S. tr. N.| Amer, preferring ioamy soil, and propagated by| Cabanis de Salagnac, his works on gardening, page well ripened cuttings in sand under a hand-glass;| 1119. a. D. 1786 and H. tr. which grow in common soil, and root| Cabbage, 3483— see Brassica in sand under a hand-glass.| Cabbage, Chinese, 4330.
Bunias, tetrad. silic. and cruciferew, a H. peren.| Cabbage-moth, phalena oleracea, 2253.
Eur. of common culture.| Cabbage-tree,— see Areca,
Bunium, earth-nut, pentag. dig. and umbelliferez,| Cabinets de verdure, 6813.
H. peren. Brit. of common culture. Cacalia, syngen. polyg. qual. and corymbiferex,# Bunium bulbocastanum, common earth-nut, 4303 S. tr. and S. an. C.B.S. and Ampr. succulents, Buonapartea, hexan. monog. and bromelee, a S which grow in sandy loam and brick-rubbish, and
tr. which thrives best in loam and decayed are propagated by cuttings; the H. peren. are
leaves. of the easiest culture.
Buphthalmum, syngen, poly super. and corymbite- Cachyris, pentan. dig. and umbellifereze, H. peren.
Byzantium, gardens of, 306.
C.
ree, G. tr. and F. peren. Eur. and Aimer. which Eur. of common culture, and propagated by seeds. grow treely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in| Cactus, icosan. monog. and cacter, S. D S. Indies the same soil under a hand-glass: and H. peren. and Amer. and G. tr. succulents of easy cul- and an. of common culture. ture,
Bupleurum, hare’s-ear, pentan. dig and umbelli-| Cactus opuntia, the Indian fig, 5966, feree, G. tr. and peren. Eur. and C. B.S, which Cacucia, decan. monog. and onagrareez, a S. tr. grow treely in loam and peat, and cuttings root Guiana, which grows well in loam and peat,
readily in the same soil, under a hand-glass; and and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand. H. peren. and an. of common culture. glass.
Lurchardt, Th. A. O., his work on gardening, page| Cadet, Charles Louis, his works on gardening, page 1127. A.D. 1805. 1120. A. D, 1801.
Burdock,—see Arctium. Cadet-de-Vaua, Antoine Alexis, his works on gar-
Burleigh, a seat in Lincolnshire, 7578. dening, page 1121. A. D. 1807.
Burley-on-the-hill, a seat in Rutlandshire, 7579.
Cadia, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a S. tr. Burnet,— see Poterium.
Arabia, which preters a light soil, and cuttings
Burnet-saxifrage,— see Pimpinella. root in sand under a hand-glass and plunged in
Burnhall, a seat in Durham, 7584. heat.
Bur-parsley,— see Caucalis. Cadland, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Bur-reed,—see Sparganium. Caenwood, a seat in Middlesex, 7521.
Pursaria, pentan. monog. and pittosporea, a G. tr. Caernarvonshire, gardens and residences of, 7604. Ind and Amer. a showy plant which grows best in Cesalpinia, decan. monog. and leguminosez, S. tr. sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in BK. and W. Ind. prick!y branched, which thrive sand under a bell-glass. well in loam and peat, and cuttings sometimes
Bursera, polyg. dicec. and terebintacez, aS tr. W. succeed, taken off in a growing state, but not too Ind. which grows in loamy sail, and large cuttings young, and plunged in a pot of sand under a hand. root in sand under a hand-glass in moist beat. glass in moist heat.:
Burtin, Francis Xavier, his works on gardening,| Casia, hexan. monog. and asphodelew, a G. peren. page 1129. A. D. 1784. N.S. W. which grows in loam and peat, and is in-
Burton Constable, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582. creased by dividing at the root or by seeds.
Burtonia, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a G. tr.| Czesulia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferex, a N. Holl. requiring attentive treatment; lt grows S. peren. EK. Ind. requiring a rich, loamy soil, and in sandy loam and peat, with the pots well drain- cuttings root treely. ed, and young cuttings will root in sand under a| Caithness, gardens of, 7644.
| beli-glass, Cakile, tetrad. silic. and cruciferce, a H. peren. and
Burs the oe a of common othe!
oes.; gee ash
colamints me laminthas Calamint HL. pete
ire
Fw ane culture, 4!
palms, wi arm, mols’
tr, AS and andy loam, but 1 wer.
a, slip ee, G. per sy cult
ds, of ea ,
New S dor House, 120
Calder
tla, Marigold piferee,(. tr, ala bifer+ wibich thrive In 10ar freely int
H, an, ofthe e
the other am gro
opla will also 5
and peat, a under a hand
peat, and prope Callisa, trian, m W, Ind. a creeper (allistachys, decan, N, Holl, which loam and peat, ar
glass,
a Callittiche, water-: naidee, a H, ar face of shallow ¥ fibres to the soil b Calluna, ¢
seeds, layers, or planted in sand Calodendru
peren, Ind. and; M Water, or in yi
Mopagated by ty
LONG, een WY, A.D, 1 ih &
EN Ning,
» Page
Russ
Surrey,(2) NOs, e IN loat
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6
re, and propa and cactee,° pS i r, succulents ol ca)
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«orks om gone
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|
;. Eur; the first best grown in pots, and the other of common culture, and both increased by seeds.: Calabash-tree,—see Crescentia.
Caladenia, gynan. monan. and orchidee, a G. peren. N.S. W. which may be grown in loam and peat, and increased by division at the root.
Calamagrostis, trian. dig. and gramineew, H. peren. Eur. grasses of the easiest culture.
Calamint,—see Calamintha.
Calamintha, calamint, didyn. gymnos. and labiatex, F. tr. and H. peren. Eur. and Amer. of common culture, and increased by seeds or dividing at the roots.
Calamus, hexan. monog. and palmez, S. tr. E. Ind. palms, which thrive best in sandy loam, and a warm, moist atmosphere, and are propagated by seed.
Calanchoe, octan. tetrag. and semperviver, D.S. tr. As. and Afr. succulents which thrive well in sandy loam, but require bottom heat to make them flower.‘‘ The leaves placed on a pot of mould, or on the tan, will shoot out young plants from the notches of the margin.”(Sweet.)
Calathian violet, gentiana pneumonanthe.
Calceolaria, slipper-wort, dian. monog. and scro- phularinee, G. peren. and an. Peru and Falkland islands, of easy culture, and propagated by seeds.
Calcutta, gardening of, 500.
Caldasia, pentan. monog. and scrophularinee, a S. an. New Spain, of common culture.
Calder House, Midlothian, 7618.
Calea, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferee, S. tr. and aS. bien. W. Ind, which grow in rich soil, and cuttings strike readily either in sand or mould.
Caled. Depic., Chalmer’s Caledonia Depicta, an en- tiquarian work.
Caled. Hort. Soc., Caledonian Horticultural Society, some account of, 410. and page 1113. A. D. 1810. Caled. Mem., Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticul-
tural Society, page 1113. A. D. 1810.
Caledon Hill, a seat in Tyrone, 7679.
Calendula, marigold, syngen. polyg. necess. corym- biferee, G. tr. and a G. peren. Eur. and C. B.S. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in the same soil under a hand-glass; and H. an. of the easiest culture.
Calendula officinalis, the common pot-marigold, 4122,
Calla, heptan. monog. and aroider, a G. and H. peren. Eur. and C.B.S. the first an aquatic, and the other a marsh plant of easy culture. C. xthi- opia will also grow well on the green-house stage.
Callander, a seat in Stirlingshire, 7631.
Callicarpa, tetran. monog. and verbenacee, S. and
G. tr. E. Ind. and Amer. which grow best in loam
and peat, and ripened cuttings strike root in sand
under a hand-glass in heat.
Callicema, dodec. dig. and cunoniacez, a G, fr. N.S. W. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings of ripe wood root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Calligonum, dodce. tetrag. and polygonez, a H. tr. Caspian Sea, which may be grown in loam and peat, and propagated by layers.
Callisa, trian. monog. and commelinee, a S. peren. W, Ind. a creeper of easy culture.:
Callistachys, decan, monog and Jeguminosee, G. tr. N. Holl., which grow fast and flower freely in loam and peat, and cuttings planted in sand under a bell-glass.
Callitriche, water-starwort, monandr. digyn. and naidex, a an, Brit. which grows on the sur- face of shallow water, and sends down delicate fibres to the soil below.
Calluna, octan, monag. and ericee, a H. tr. Brit. (formerly erica) the common heath; it requires to be grown in peat soil, and may be increased by seeds, layers, or cuttings of the young shoots planted in sand under a hand-glass.
Calodendrum, pentan, monog. and pittosporee, a G.tr. C. B.S., which, as the name imports, is of great beauty. it grows in loam and peat, and cuttings of ripe wood root readily in sand under a hand-g
Calodium, moneec. polyan. and aroidex, S, tr. and
ass.
GENERAL INDEX.
1177
Calophyllum, polyan. monog. and guttiferes, S. tr. Ind. which grow well in light loam, and cuttings of ripened wood strike freely in sand, under a hand-glass in mo’ t heat.
Calopogon, gynan. monan, and orchidee, a F. peren. N. Amer. which grows in peat, and is increased by dividing at the rvot.
Calothamnus polyadelph. icosan. and myrteacea, G. tr. N. Holl. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Calotropis, pentan. dig. and asclepiadex, Amer. which grow in light loam, young cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in a pot of sand, care being taken that they do not get mouldy.
Caltha, polyan. polyg. ana ranunculacee, H. peren. Brit. marsh plants of the easiest culture.
Caltrops,— see Tribulus.
Calvel, Etienne, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1802.
Calvert and Co., their work on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1821.
Calycanthus, icosan. polyg. and rosacezw, H. tr. N. Amer. which thrive in loam and peat, and root by layers in the same soil.
Calypso, gynan. monan. and orchidez, a H. peren. N. Amer. a bulb, which grows best in peat, or in sandy loam and peat, and is increased by offsets from the bulbs or by seeds.
Calyptrantes, icosan, Monog. and myrteacex, S. peren. W. arid 3. Ind. which thrive in sandy Joam, and peat; and though cuttings do not strike freely, ripened once sometimes root under a hand- glass. Layers answer best.
Calystegia, bearbind, pentan. monog. and convol-
vulacee, H. peren, Eur, and Amer. of common
culture..
Camb. Brit., Cambden’s Britannia, an antiquarian
work.
Cambridge botanic-garden, pols
Camden Park, in Wexford, 7659.
Camelina, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, H. an, Eur.
of common culture.
Camellia, monadel. polyan. and auranteer, G. tr.
China, of great beauty,— see 6612.
Cameraria, bastard mangeneel, pentan, monog. and apocynee, Ind. which grows well in loam and peat, and cuttings root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass.
Campanula, bell-flower, pentan. monog. and cam- panulee, G. tr. peren. bien. and an. and H. peren, and an. Eur, As. Afr.and Am. of common cul- ture, and increased by seeds, dividing at the root, or by cuttings.
Campanula rapunculus, the rampion, 3941; cam- panula pyramidalis, 946.
Camphire-tree, laurus camphora.
Camphorosma, tetran. monog and chenopodee, a G. under-shrub,$. Eur. of easy culture in light soil, not over-watered.
Campion, cucubalus baccifer. 4
Cams Hill, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Canada rice, zizania aquatica.
Canarina, hexan, monog and campanulacee, aG. peren, Canaries, requires a light soil, no water where the leaves have died down, and to be put in the stove to flower well. It is propagated from cuttings of the roots or shoots.
Canary-grass,— see Phalaris.
Candleberry-myrtle, myrica gale.
Candy-carrot, athamanta cretensis.
Candytutt,— see Iberis.
Canella, dodec. monog. and meliacex, a S. tr. W. Ind. soil loamy; and cuttings of large old wood, with all the leaves taken off at a joint, in
in 2 moist heat, strike, though with diffi-
sand, culty.; Canna, Indian shot, monan. monog, and cannee, S. peren. Ind. and S. Amer. reedy or marsh plants of easy culture, and propagated by seeds or di- viding the root. Cannabis, bemp, an. India, of easy culture. Canon House, Sussex, 7551. Canons, a seat in Middlesex, 7520. Cantaleupe melon,— see Cucumis. Canterbury bell, camp< yula medium. Canton, Fatee gardens at, 7318. Cantray, a seat in Inverness-shire, 7648. Cape of Good Hope, gardening of, 502.
dice. pentan. and urticer, a EAs
peren. Ind. and Amer. most of which grow freely in water, or in rich soil in a moist heat; they are propagated by tubers of the root.
his works on gardening, page
Calonne,———
1119, A. DV
Cape jasmine, gardenia florida.
Caper-bush,—see Capparis.
Capparis, caper-trec, polyan. monog. and cappa- } ridex, S. and G. tr. Eur. and W. Ind. chiefly
seas en ND
'
See ee en ee
1178 GENERAL I
climbers and trailers, which grow freely in light loam, and strike readily by cuttings.
Capparis spinosa, the caper-bush, 6038.
Capsicum, pentan, monog. and solanea, S. tr. G. tr. and H. an. Indies, of easy culture, and propa- gated by cuttings or seeds.
Capsicum annuum, cerasiforme, and grossum, 4272. to 4277.
Caralluma, pentan. dig. and asclepiadex, D. S. tr, E. Ind. succulents which grow in brick rubbish and loam, and increase by cuttings left till their wounds dry up before planting.
Caraway,— see Carum.
Carclere, a seat in Cornwall, 7601.
Cardamine, lady’s smock, tetrad. siliq. and eruci- ferez, a G. peren. and H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Cardamine pratensis, common lady’s smock, 4311.
Cardamom, elettari cardamomum.
Carden, a sext in Cheshire, 7590.
Cardiganshire, gardens and residences of, 7607.
Cardinal-flower, lobelia cardinalis, 6460,
Cardiospermum, heart-seed, octan. trig. and sa- pindee, S. an. India and Brasil, of common culture.
Cardoon, cynara cardunculus, 3929,
Carduus, thistle, syngen. poly. equal. and cynaro- cephalew, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of com- mon culture.
Carduus marianus, 3956,
Carex, moneec. trian. and cyperacee, a G. peren. and H. peren. Eur. and Amer. grasses of com- mon culture.
Careya, monad. polyan. and...............00000, 2 S. peren. E. Ind. which grows in light soil.
Carica, papaw-tree, dicec. decand. and cucurbitacez, S. tr. India which grow vigorously in a loamy soil, and large cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Carissa, pentan. monog. and apocynea, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, well drained, and without being much watered; cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass in heat.
Carlina, carline-thistle, syngen. po equal. and cynarocephaler, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of common culture, aid raised from seeds.
Carline-thistle,— see Carlina.
Carlow, the county of, as to gardening, 7660.
Carlsruhe(Charles’s peace or retreat), public gar- dens of, 7314.
Carlton Palace gardens, London, 7523.
Carnation,— see Dianthus.
Carob-tree, ceratonia siliqua.
Carolinea, monad. polyan. and malvacee, S. tr. W. Ind. splendid plants which thrive well in loamy soil, and cuttings taken off at a joint, and not deprived of their leaves, root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Caronelli, Conte Pietro de, his works on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 167.
Carpesium, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, H. peren. Eur. and China, which grow in light soil, and are increased by seeds.
Carpinus, hornbeam, moneec. polyan. and armen- tacee, H. tr. Eur. and Amer. of common culture.
Carpinus betulus, the common hornbeam, 7091.
Carpopogon, diadelph. decan. and leguminosee, S. tr. I. Ind. climbers which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand.
Car ete his works on gardening, page 1128, A. D.
307.
Carrot, 3712.—see Daucus.
Carthamus, syngen. polyg. equal. and cyneroce- phalew, G. tr. Eur. and Afr. which grow well ina loamy soil, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass. The H. peren. and an. are of common culture.
Carton, a seat in Kildare, 7657.
Carum, caraway, pentan. dig, and umbelliferee, H bien. Eur. of common culture.
Carum carvi, the common caraway, 4225,
Caryophyllus, clove-tree, icos. monog. and myr- teacee, a H. tr. Moluccas, which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, root in sand under a hand-glass in a moist heat.
Caryota, moneec. polyan. and palmee, a S. tr. E. Ind. a palm which grows in sandy loam, and is propagated by seeds,
Cascades, 1827.
Caserta, a royal Neapolitan palace and gardens, 87.
Cashe! Palace, in Tipperary, 7667.
DEX.
Cashew-nut, anacardium orientale,
Cashier, a seat in‘Tipperary, 7667.
Cashiobury, a seat in Hertfordshire, described, 7545.
Cassava, jatropha manihot.
Cassia, decan. monog and leguminosez, S. and G. tr. bien. and an. E. and W. Ind. which thr ve in loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass in moist heat: many kinds ripen seeds.
Cassine, pentan. trig. and rhamnee, a S. tr. and
x. tr. C. B.S. which grow freely in loam and
peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Cassinia, syngen. polyg. segr. and corymbiferex, G. peren. N. Holl. of common culture, 1769.
Cassino(ital.), a little house, a villa, or cottage ornée.
Castanea, chestnut, moneec. polyan. and amentacee,
I. tr. Eng. and Amer. of common culture.
Castanea vesca, the sweet chestnut; as a fruit-tree,
75; as a forest tree, 7094.
Castel, René Richard, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1802,
Castel, Robert, a British writer on gardening, page 1103. A. D. 1728.
Castelleja, didy. angios. and scrophularinee, a H, peren. Louisiana. of common culture.
Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire, 7580.
Castle Blaney, a seat in Monaghan, 7678.
Castle Dillon, in Armagh, 7682.
Castle Eden, Durham, 7584.
Castle Glammis, in Angus-shire, 7637.
Castle Gostord, in Armagh, 7682.
Castle Grant, in Inverness-shire, 7648,
Castle Gray, in Perthshire, 7636.
Castle Hill, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Castle Howard, Yorkshire, 7583.
Castle Malwood Cottage, Hampshire, 7594.
Castle Upton, a seat in Antrim, 7684.
Castle Wig, a seat in Wigtonshire, 7626.
Castle Martyn, a seat in the county of Cork, 7666.
Castlebar House, a seat in the county of Mayo, 7673.
Castletown Delvin, a seat in Westmeath, 7662.
Castletown, a seat in Kildare, 7657
Castletown, a seat in‘lipperary, 7667.
Castor-oil plant, ricinus palma christi.
Casuarina, monoec. monan. and coniferee, G. tr. Austral. which grow freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Cat-mint,—see Nepeta.
Cat’s ear,— see Hypocheris.
Cat’s tail,—see Typha.
Catstail-grass,— see Phleum.
Cat-thyme, teucrium marum.
Catalpa, dian. monog. and bignoniacee, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grow well in light loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat; the H. species thrives in common soil, and is increased from seeds or cuttings of the roots.
Catananche, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracex, a H. peren. and an. Eur. and Afr. of common culture,
Catchfly, lychnis vescaria.
Caterpillar, the second or larva stage in the pro- gress of insects generated from eggs, after which they become pup@e, or chrysalida, and lastly, image or perfect insects, 73; general prin- ciples of palliating their effects and destroying, 2277; mode of destroying caterpillars on the cab- bage tribe, 9593; gooseberries, 4656; roses and other flowers, 6194,
Catesbea, lity-thorn, tetran. monog, and rubiaceex, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand plunged in heat, and covered with a beil-glass.
Cathartocarpus, decan. monog. and leguminosee. S. tr. E. Ind. which may be treated as cassia.
Cattaneo, Giacomo, his works on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1767.
Caucalis, bur-parsley, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, H. bien. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Cauliflower, 5038.—See Brassica.
Caulopbyllum, hexan. monog. and berberidez, H. peren. N. Amer. of common culture.
Caus, Salomon, his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D. 1620.
Cause, D. H., his works on gardening, page 1129, A. D. 1676.: Cav. ic., Ant. Jos. Cavanilles, Tcones et Descrip- tiones Plantarum que aut sporte in Hispania
crescunt, aut in Hortis hospitantur.
090
—
>
Jtal.)s ame
le Yorkshit
seat nee
crea a vos and Ca¥ (aye, gardens yenlie, 84 ie, b al!
(ede ell, Baroll. a ‘cqrilening, Pas® I]| cairela, pehtan mon W, Ind. which grow cuttings 100% under 4 ( sandine,— See ¢ fe s, staff-tree, Pt ii itr C. ment 0 ct
Ap
(elast g and
lar
of common culture. ' 1, the co sia cr tl Lelia ls, al nat Mont- Celia, didyn. angles
nd H. an. Bur. and rf rle-trce, pol Celtis, nettle-trce, por H. tr. Bu
only comin by seeds or layers, Cenchrus,{rial; and H. an. India; ture
an Eur, of commor
aurea benedic
sand, Cephalanthus, buttor rubiacee, a H, tr. in loam and peat, a Tipened cutting Cephalophora, biferex, a F. perer and peat, and youn hand-glass, Cerastium, mo and caryophyllew,| easiest culture
Arpus, Mond
Nosee, a loam and y
lt
Cerbera,) Amer, and India, ripened cuttings hand-giass in mois Cercis, Judas.tree, Hot, Eur. and; mon soil, and are y Cerinthe, honey-wo gine®, aH. tr. and i, doseph Ant,.
page 1120, A D177
tt, di,
Noe alG Dd wish J ey eve 3 ml Nay ani heat: ay lids MN, a§ fy a freely in
lyin sa ude
and conn neulture,| ail, or cot
age
a
and amentacee, mov culture ut; Wa ftut-te
Staten, ape
M gardening, pape
and confeee, 6, yi loam ad pe ota hanc.plas
rives in C0 eis OF(
ayual andcid
» and Alt, 0: 02
nog, a ne treated
Cavalleriza(Ital.), a manége, cr place for practising| horsemanship.\
Cavan, county of, as to gardening, 7676.
Cavanilles, Antonio Joseph, his works on garden- ing, page 1131. A. D. 178-.
Cave Castle, Yorkshire, 7582.
Caversham, a seat near Reading, 7561.
Caves and caverns, as garden-decorations, 1814.
Cayenne, gardening of, 505.
Caylus, N—— de, his works on gardening, page| 1121. A. D. 1806.|
Ceanothus, pentan. monog and rhamnee, S. tr.| and G. tr. Amer. and W. Ind. which grow in| loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand| under a hand-glass. The H. tr. grow in common soil, and are readily raised from seeds or| layers.
Cecropia, snake-wood, dicec. dian. and urticee, a S. tr. Jam. which prefers a loamy soil, and large cuttings planted in saud under a hand-glass will strike root.
Cedar of Goa, cupressus lusitanica.
Cedar of Lebanon,— see Pinus.
Cederhelm, Baron Carl Wilhelm, his works on gardening, page 1130. A. D. 1740.
Cedrela, pehtan. monog. and meliacee, a Si) tr. W. Ind. which grows well in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Celandine,— see Chelidonium.
Celastrus, staff-tree, pentan. monog. and rhamnee, G and H.tr. C. B.S. and Amer. requiring si- milar treatment to ceanothus.
Celery, 3997.—see Apium.
Celosia, cock’s comb, pentan. monog. and amaran- thacea, a S. bien. and an. E. Ind. and China; of common culture.
Celosia cristata, the common cock’s comb, 6483.
Cels, M. Francois, C. M. H. S. an eminent nursery- man at Mont-Rouge, Paris, 194.
Celsia, didyn. angios and solanee, S. an. F. bien. and H. an. Eur. and E. Ind. of common culture.
Celtis, nettle-trce, polyg. moncec. and amentacex, S. tr. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer. which require only common soil and culture, and are increased by seeds or layers, or by cuttings.
Cenchrus, trian. monog. and graminexz, a Siete. and H. an. India; grasses of the easiest cul- ture.
Cenia, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, H. an. C. B. S. of common culture.
Centaurea, centaury, syngen. polyg. frustran. and cynarocephalee, G. F. and H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Centaurea benedicta, the blessed thistle, 4250.
Centaury—see Centaurea
Centunculus, bastard pimpernel, tetran. monog. and primulacee, a H. an. Brit. of common culture.
Cephaelis, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, Site Jam. and Afric. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings roots freely under a hand-glass in sand.
Cephalanthus, button-wood, tetran. monog. and rubiacew, a H. tr. N. Amer. which grows best in loam and peat, and is propagated by layers or ripened cuttings.
Cephalophora, syngen. polyg. equal. and corym- biferez, a F. peren. Chili, which grows in sand and peat, and young cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Cerastium. mouse-ear, chick-weed, decan. pentag. and caryophyllee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Ceratocarpus, moneec. monan. and chenopodee, a H. an.‘fartary, of common culture.
Ceratonia, carob-tree, polyg. dicec. and Jegumi- nosex, a G. tr. Levant, which thrives well in joam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Ceratophyllum, horn-wort, monoec. polyan. and naiadee, H. peren. Brit. aquatics, of easy cul- ture, and increased by seeds.
Cervera, pentan. monog. and apocynee, Sc trees. Amer. and India, which grow in loam and peat, ripened cuttil root readily in sand under a hand-giass in moist heat.
Cercis, Judas-tree, decan. monog. and leguminosez, H. uw. Eur. and America, which grow in com- mon soil, and are raised from seeds or layers.
Cerinthe, honey-wort. pentan. monog. and bora- ginee, a H. tr. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Ceruti, Joseph Ant. Joach. his works on gardening,
799
page 1120, A D.17
| | | |
GENERAL INDEX. 1179
Cestrum, pentan. monog. and S. and_ solanex G. tr. E. and W. Ind. which grow well in nena and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Ceylon, gardening of, 50i.
Chaddesdon, a seat in Derbyshire, 7574.
Cherophyllum, chervil, pentan. dig. and umbel- liferee, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. and N, Amer. of the easiest culture.
Chalfont House, Buckinghamshire, 7546.
Chamedorea, dicec. hexan. and palmee, a S. tr. Caracas, which grows in sandy loam, and a strong moist heat, and is propagated by seeds.
Chamerops, polyg. dicec. and palmee, S. tr. S. Eur. and N. Amer. palms requiring the same treat- ment as chamedorea,
Chambers, Sir William, as an author on gardening, page 1105. A. D. 1757.
Chambray, Louis, Marquis de, his works on gar- dening, page 1118. AD. 1765.
Chamomile,—see Anthemis.
Champier, Symphorien, a French writer on garden- ing, page 1115. A. D. 1533.
Champs Elysées, a public garden at Paris, 163.
Chapel Allerton, formerly the seat of R. A. Salis- bury, Esq. situated near Leeds, 7581.
Chaptal, the Count of, a distinguished French chemist and philosopher, as a gardening author, page 1120. A. D, 1801.
Chaptalia, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferex, a H. peren. N. Amer. best cultivated in loam and peat in pots.
Chara, monec. monan. and naiadew, H. an. Brit. aquatics of easy culture.
Charcoal, proportion in which it is afforded by different trees, 698.
Charleville Forest, a seat in the King’s County,
3
7658.
Charleville, a seat in Wicklow, 7654. Charlottenburg, a royal residence near Berlin, 209. Charlton House, Kent, 7534.
Charlton Park, Wiltshire, 7597.
Charpentier de Caussigny, his works on gardening, page 1120, A. D. 18—.
Charring wood, method of, 6962.
Chartreuse, les Rév. Peres de, their work on gar- dening, page 1118. A. D. 1767.
Chartreuse nursery at Paris, 194,
Chartularies, deeds of tenure of the ancient reli-
| gious houses.
Chassel,————, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1790.
Chaste-tree,— see Vitex.
Chataigneraye,\e Sieur de, a French writer on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1692.
Chatelherault, a palace of the Duke of Hamilton, in France, and the namie of an ornamental build- ing in Hamilton Park, near Glasgow, 358.
Chatsworth, aseat in Derbyshire, 7575.
Chawstick, gouania domingensis.
Cheese-rennet, galium verum,
| Cheilanthes, cryptog. filices, and filicew, G and H. peren. As. and Amer, ferns which grow in loam and peat, and require to be kept in a moist shaded situation.
Cheiranthus, wall-flower, tetrad. silig. and cruci- feree, G. and H. tr. and peren. Eur. and Ags, under-shrubs and evergreen herbs, of easy cul- ture in light soil, and propagated by seeds cv cuttings.
Chelidonium, celandine, polyan. raonog. and papa- veracee, H. peren. Eur. of the easiest culture. Chelone, didyn. angios. and bignoniacee, H. peren. N. Amer. elegant plants which grow in loam and peat, and are propagated by cuttings or by
dividing the root.
Chelsey Farm, Berkshire, 7561.
Cheltenham, a garden at, 7564.
| Chemincreux(hollow way), a suburban villa at
Paris, 165.
| Chenar-tree, platanus orientalis.
| Chenolea, pentan. monog. and chenopodex, a Gr. tr.
|©. B.S. which grows in rich light soil, and cut-
| tings root freely under a hand-glass.
| |
Chenopodium, goose-foot, pentan. dig. and cheno- podew, G. peren. and H. peren. and an. Eur. | and Amer. of the easiest culture.
Chenopodium bonus-henricus, 3791.
Chenopodium urbicum and album, 4290.
Cherleria, decan. trig. and caryophyllex, a H. peren. Scot. a rock-work plant which grows in loam and peat, and is increased by dividing at the root
|
Le re
Sere
i180 GENERAL INDEX.
nes, a genus of plant-louse, nearly allied to aphis, and generally confounded with the aphi- de, 2245. Cherricr, J—— B—., his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1808. Cherry—see Prunus. Cherry-house, 2674; its culture, 3117. Cherry-pepper,— sce Capsicum. Chervil,— see Charophyllum. Cheshire, gardens and residences of, 7590. Chesnée Monstercuil, Charles de la, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A.D 1654. Chesnel, Marquis de, his works on gardening, page 1122. A,.D. 1820.
Chestnut,—- see Castanea.
Chevening, a tin Kent, 7538.
Chick-pea, cicer arietinum.
Chickweed,— see Stellaria.
Chillingham Castle, Northumberland, 7586.
Chimaphila, deqan. monog. and ericee, H. tr. N. Amer. rather difficult to preserve; they grow best in a bed of peat, and seldom transplanted.
Chinampas, or floating gardens of Mexico, 491.
Chiococca, snow-berry, pentan. monog. and ru- biacee, a S. tr. Jam. which thrives well in loam and peat, aad cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glas
Chionanthus, fringe-tree, dian. monog. and oleinez, H. tr. N. Amer. of great beauty, which grow in good loamy soil, and are increased by seeds or grafting on the common ash *hipchase Castle, Northumberland, 7586.
Chippenham Park, Cambridgeshire, 7551.
Chironia, pentan. monog. and gentianex, G. tr. C. B.S. which grow in peat with a little loam, and young cuttings root under hand-glasses in the saine soil.
Chiswick House, Middlesex, 7521.
Chlora, yellow wort, octan. monog. and gentianex, a H. an. of common culture.
Chloranthus, chulan, tetran. monog. and loran- thacee a G. tr. China, which may be treated as chenolea.
Chlorophytum, hexan, monog. and asphodelea, aS. and G. peren. Afr. grow in loamand peat, and are increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds.
Chocolate-nut,—see‘Theobroma.
Cholmondeley Hall, Cheshire, 7590.
Chomel, Noel, a French author on gardening, page LG VAR Di—
Chomelia, tetran. monog. and rubiacew, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root readily in sand under a hand-glass in heat,
Chondrilla, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, a H. peren. France, which grows best in peat soil, and is increased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Chorizema, decan. monog. and leguminosez, G. tr. N. Hol. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and produces seed in abundance.
Chorospermum, tetrad. silig. and cruciferee, a H. an. of common culture.
Christ, I. L., his works on gardening, page 1127. A.D. 1809.
Christ’s thorn, zizyphus paliurus.
Christmas rose,— see Helleborus.
Chron. Scot., Chronicles of Scotland, by Pittscottie.
Chrysanthellum, syngen. polyg. frustran, and corym- biferex, a S. an. W. Ind. of common culture.
Chrysanthemum, syngen. polyg. super. and corym- biferez, a G.tr. and H. an. and peren. which grow in common garden-soil, and are increased by dividing the root, or by cuttings, or seeds.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 4316.
Chrysanthemum indicum,— see Anthemis.
Chrysobalanus, cocoa-plum, icos. monog. and rosa- cee, aS. and G. tr. W. Ind. and Georgia, which grow in sandy loam, and large cuttings taken off at a joint, with their leaves uninjured, and planted thinly in a pot of sand, under a hand- glass, will strike root.
Chrysocoma, goldy-locks, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez, G. tr. C.B.S. and Eur. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Chrysophyllum, star-apple, pentan. monog. and sapotee,©. tr. W. Ind. which thrive in sandy loam, and cuttings of ripened shoots root in
grow in shady moist marsh plants. Chrysurus, trian. dig. and gr,
| places, and may be treated as |
| common culture.
!
|
|
|
aminee, a H. an. of
Chulan,— see Chloranthus.
Cicely,— see Scandix.
Cicer, chick-pea, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, a H. an. of the easiest culture.
Cichorium, succory, syngen. polyg. equal. and ci- choraceew, a F. bien. H. peren. and H. an. Eur. Afr. and India, of the easiest culture.
the garden endive, 3976. C
3988.
I C. endivia, + intybus, succory,
Cicuta, cow-bane, pentag. dig. and umbelliferea, . peren. Eur. and Amer. which grow best in marshy places, and are increased by seeds.
Cimicifuga, bugwort, polyan. pentag. and ranun- culacee, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. of common culture,
Cinchona, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, S. tr. which grow in loam and peat, but not very freely, and ripe cuttings in sand under a hand-glass, in moist heat, will strike root.
Cineraria, syngen. polyg. Super. and corymbiferez, S.G. and H. tr. and peren. Eur. and C.B.S. plants of easy culture, and propagated by cuttings, division, or seeds,
Cion,— see Cyon.
Circza, enchanter’s nightshade, dian. monog. and onagrarie, H. peren. Brit. creepers, which prefer moist shady situations, and grow in any soil.
Cissampelos, dicec. monad. and menispermee, a G. tr. and S. peren. S. Amer. climbers which grow freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass.
Cissus, tetran. monog. and vitiacee, S.G. and H. tr. Amer. and Ind. of easy culture in peat and loam, or in garden-earth, and readily propagated by cuttings; the S. and G. sorts in a moist heat, and the others in the shade under a hand- glass.
Cistus, rock-rose, polyan. monog. and cistinez, G. F. and H.tr. Eur. and Amer. under-shrubs, which grow in common soil, or Joam and peat, and may be increased by layers, or young cut- tings taken off at a joint, and planted under a hand-glass; seeds are frequently produced.
Citharexylum, fiddle-wood, didyn. angios. and ver- benacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow treely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Citizens’ villas, 7285; management of, 7430.
Citrus, orange-tree, polyad. polyan. and aurantee, G. tr. India and China,— see 4879.
Citrus acida, the lime, 4899. Citrus aurantium, the orange, 4884. Citrus decumana, the shaddock, 5902. Citrus medica, the lemon and citron, 4896, 4897. Citrus tribe, their propagation and culture, 5905. to 5954. Clackmannanshire, gardens of, 7633. Cladium, trian. monog. and cyperacez, a H. peren. engl. a grass of the easiest culture. Clairs voyées(Fr.), open railings or barriers, 335, Clarici, Paolo Bartolomeo, his work on gardening, page 1128, A.D 1726. Clandon Place, a seat in Surrey, 7528. Clare, county of, as to gardening, 7669. Clare Hall, a seat in the county of Dublin, 7653, Claremont, a seat in Surrey, 7528. Clary,— see Salvia. Clayberry Hall, Essex, 7542. Claytonia, pentan. monog. and portulacer, H. peren. and an. N. Amer. and Silesia, of the easiest culture. Claytonia perfoliata, as a spinage plant, 4327. Clear Well, a seat in Gloucestershire, 7565. Clearing-nut, strychnos potatorum. Cleavers, galium aparine. Clematis, virgin’s bower, polyan. polyg. and ranun- culacee, S. and G tr. climbers, which grow in light, rich soil, and young cuttings strike readily under a hand-glass in heat. The H. species grow in any soil, and are increased by layers, dividing at the root or seeds.‘
Clemento y Rubio, Don Simon de Roxas, his work
on gardening, page 1131. A.D. 1807.
Clermont, a seat in Lowth, 7664.
Clerodendrum, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, S.
sand under a hand-giass, with a strong moist heat.
Chrysoplenium, golden saxifrage, decan. dig. and saxifragee, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. which j
and G. tr. Ind. and China, soil half loam, a quar- ter rotten dung, anda quarter peat; they require a large pot to flower freely, and young cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
fre
tings‘cat|
and sandy nohal
Jayerss sit clietden, Bucking
ors, VERO
( i other upg hooks as the eee 4 by the conv herbaceous ise plants,
hoe tyiners Mi td climbing oreen-tOl ‘ove plants,& stove pla yb nopadiU wild ba ry, peren. BN
clin tee, any 80 the roots.- ring, or shearing vie, di], decal (lituna, diadel. ae; an, Ind. and Amer andl peat, and ripe! vel-glass in heat Clonbrook,& seat 1D| ams Clothing, the stems© Cloud-berry, TuvY. Clouds, their termin' Clove-tree,&¢ ryopny" [rif
il, and are 1n¢
Clover, ent
Clover Hill, as
Clowance,& seat it |-heal, sta
Ly
Clown’s all-n Club-moss,— Set Club-rush,—see cl Chugny, a seat neat Clumber Park, Nott Clusia, balsam-tree, S tr, which requ tings root freely 1 natural state they barked trees, (lusius, Carolus, 118 9 A.D, 1630. Cluyt, Outger Aug on gardening,| Cluytia, dicee Gtr. C.B young cuttings f glass.. Clydesdale orchard Clypeola, treacle.m ree, a H. an. S. J Cneorum, widow- bintacer, a( light soil, and n seeds. Chicus, hor: cynart ot common culture Cobbett, William, 114, A.D, 1891 Cobham Park, a s Cobham Hall, Ker Cobcea, pentan. 4 Mex. a climber o! seeds, or st inal Cocci coleopter Corcoloba, nee, S, tr. lund soil, and cutting saild under a he shortened. Coceosypsilum, te peren. W. Ind, loam and peat, _hand-glass, Coceulus, dicee,| E Ind. climber: Hower, and gror easily under a h Coceus, or cochine subdue,&e 9075
Ui may be Meatod as
ka au, of
AN, aNd een tie, 3 Dol. a and Te, and ap 2 at cue, ing
Cis’
ly, aud ui ich eroy bg eae by cade Peat and ran id Amer, of comm,
ad Tublavee,§ fp ab al freely,
LWNder a hi
We. anton Hin a3 ley uns
finn vision rs)
i
M.S, o Ioan and peat, Dy ayer, ot
ange, 4 addock, 5
and cto, jon and
ns of(0). nd cyperacee, 2 it ost culture
railings or Dame" 9, his ork 00
jure} I eden, 1 inty of D
yg, and pur 4 and ies as
spinage pla cestershi, tatorum.
HI‘th(ii
case
yg cutis
GENERAL
Cleome, tetrad. siliq. and capparidex, S. tr. bien. and an, Ind. and Amer. which grow in rich, light soil, and are readily increased by cuttings or seeds.
Clethra, decan. monog. and ericee, a G. tr. and
_ tr. N. Amer. the first thrives well in peat, with a little loam, and is propagated by cut- tings or seeds; the hardy sorts grow in peat and sandy loam, and are generally increased by layers.
Cliefden, Buckinghamshire, 7547.
Cliffortia, dicec. polyan. and rosacex, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive well in loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass.
Clifton Hall, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Climate, as it affects gardening, 518.
Climate of Great Britain, study of, 1290.
Climbers, vegetables which attach themselves to trees or other upright objects by their tendrils, or hooks, as the creepers do by their roots, and twiners by the convolving of their stems.
Climbing herbaceous plants, 6516; shrubs, 657: green-house plants, 665; dry-stove plants, 6660; stove plants,&c. 6717.
Clinopodium, wild basil, didyn. gymnos. and labia- tee, H. peren. Brit. and Egypt, which grow in any soil, and are increased by seeds or by dividing the roots.
Clipping, or shearing plants, 1888.
Clitoria, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, S. tr. and an. Ind. and Amer. which thrive well in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root under a bell-glass in heat.
Clonbrook, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Clothing, the stems of trees, 2540.
Cloud-berry, rubus chamemorus.
Clouds, their terminology, Xc. 1235.
Clove-tree, caryophyllus aromaticus.
Clover,— see‘Trifolium.
Clover Hill, a seat in Roscommon, 7671.
Clowance, a seat in Cornwall, 7601. Clown’s all-heal, stachys palustris. Club-moss,— see Lycopodium. Club-rush,— see Scirpus.
Clugny, a seat near Paris, 162. Clumber Park, Nottinghamshire, d. Clusia, balsam-tree, polyg- Moncec. and guttiferez,
INDEX. 118]
Cochlearia, scurvy-grass, tetrad. silic. and crucife- rex, H. peren. tr. an. and Eur. of common culture. Cochlearia officinalis, the common scurvy-grass,
4067; armoracia, the horse-radish, 4111.©
Cochlearium, or snailery, 1767.
Cockenhatch, a seat in Hertfordshire, 7544.
Cock’s comb,— see Celosia.
Cocksfoot-grass,— see Dactylis.
Cocoa-nut,— see Coccus.
Cocoa-plum,— see Chrysobalanus.
Cocos, cocoa-nut tree, monec. hexan. and palmer, S tr. E.and W, Ind. palms of the usual culture.
Cocos nucifera, the cocoa-nut, 6009.
Codarium, dian. monog. and scrophularinee, a§. tr. Guinea, which grows in loam and peat, and ripen- ed cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Codon, decan. monog. and solanex, a G. bien. C. B.S. of easy culture.
Coffea, coffée-tree, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, a§. tr. Arabia and W. Ind. which thrives well in Joam and peat, and ripened cuttings root easily in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Coffee-tree,— see Coftea.
Cognatus, a name assumed by Gilbert Cousin, a French author on gardening, page 1 bS ASD: 1546,
Cogwood-tree, laurus chloroxylon.
Cointereaux, Francois, his works on gardening, page 1120. A.D. 1800.
Coix, Job’s tears, monec. triand. and graminea, 8. peren. E. Ind. grasses which grow readily in light rich soil, and seed plentifully.
Colbertia, polyan. pentag. and dilleniacea, aS. tr. E. Ind. which thrives in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Colchicum, meadow saffron,’ hexan. trig. and me- lanthacee, H. peren. Eur. bulbs flowering in autumn,— see 6501.
Cold-houses, for plants, 1696. and 6185.
Coldenia, tetran. tetrag. and boraginee, a S. and E. Ind. of common culture.
Cole, coleworts, cale, kale,(keale, Sax. or caulis, a stem, Lat.) cabbage-plants of the brassica tribe, whose leaves are used before they form a head, — see Brassica oleracea.
Coleby Hall, Lincolnshire,
T
lod: de
Sj
S. tr. which require a light sandy loam and cut- tings root freely in sand under a gla in their natural state they grow on decaying or rotten barked trees.
Clusius, Carolus, his works on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1630.
Cluyt, Outger Augerius,(or Dirck, Dut.) his works on gardening, page 1129. A.D. 1631.
Cluytia, dicec. gynan. and euphorbiacew, a S. tr. and G. tr. C. B, S. which grow in loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily in sand under a bell-
lass.
Clydesdale orchards, Lanarkshire, 765
Clypeola, treacle-mustard, tetrad. silic. and crucife-
ree, a H. an. S. Eur. of the easiest culture. Cneorum, widow-wail, trian. monog. and tere- pintacez, a G. tr. S. Eur. which grows
light soil, and may be inereased by cuttings or
seeds.
Cnicus, horse-thistle, syngen. polyg. cynarocephalee, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. 0 common culture.
‘.
Coleshill House, Berkshire, 7561.
Colewort,— see Brassica and Crambe.
Colgarth, a seat in Westmoreland, 7592.
Colla, Luigi, his works on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1813.
Collectors for gardens, 7394.
Collington House, Midlothian, 7618.,
Collins, Samuel, Esq. a British writer on gardening, page 1102. A.D. 1717.
Collinsonia, dian. monog. and labiatez, a G. peren. and H. peren. N. Amer. of common culture; they preter rather a moist situation.
Collipriest House, Devonshire, 7600.
Colne Park, Essex, 7542..
Colney House, Hertfordshire, 7544.
in| Colon, a seat in Lowth, 7664.
Colpoon-tree, cassine colpoon. Coltsfoot,— see Tussilago.
equal. and Columbarium, or pigeonry, 1767.
¢| Columbine,— sce Aquilegia.‘ Columnea, didyn. ang1os. and scrophularinez, S. tr. W. Ind. of easy culture, and easily lost; it grows
Cobbett, William, as a writer on gardening, page: iter 11 vell in loam and peat, and strikes readily from
14. A.D. 1821. Cobham Park, a seat in Surrey, 7528. Cobham Hall, Kent, 7538.
Cobeea, pentan. monog.
cuttings, but will soon rot or damp off if it have too much water, or stand in a damp part of the
and bignoniacee, a G. tr. house.
Colutea, bladder-senna, diadel, decan. and legumi-
Mex. a climber of easy culture, and propagated by S:‘ seeds, or struck from cuttings under a hand-glass nose, H. tr. Bur. of easy culture, increased by
in a little moist heat.
Coccinella, lady-cow, or lady-bird, an insect of th coleopterous order, 6561.
Coccoloba, seaside grape, octan. trig. and polyg¢ nea, S. tr. Ind. which grow freely in light loam soil, and cuttings taken off at a joint will root i
sand under a hand-glass; the leaves must not be
shortened.
Coccosypsilum, tetran. monog. and rubiacez, a S.) peren. W. Ind. a creeper which grows freely in
loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under hand-glass.
seeds.
e| Colwick Hall, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
| Com. Got., Commentarii societatis reg = arum Gottingensis.: y| Comarum, icos. polyg. and rosacez, H. peren. Brit. n marsh plants. Comely Bank nursery, Midlothian, 7618. Comfrey,—see Symphytum. Commelin, John, his works on gardening, page 11
ig scienti-
29
A.D. 1676. a| Commelina, trl G. peren. and
an. monog. and commelinee, S. and an. and H. peren, and an. Amer.
all of which grow freely in sandy loam and peat,
Cocculus, dic. dodec. and menispermee, S. tr. i 1y 0 and are increased by dividing the root or by seed.
E. Ind. climbers which require plenty of room to flower, and grow in loam and peat; cuttings root
easily under a hand-glass. Coccus, or cochineal insect, described, 22
subdue,&c. 2278
a te== 2 Pe nee
45; how to
a
Commersonia, pentan. pentag. and meliacee, a S. and G. tr. N. Hol which grow well in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass
in san¢
Le
\ Seale
ere
Common acacia,—see Robinia,
Common dragon, arum dracunculus.
Comocladia, maiden-plum, trian, monog. and tere- bintacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings in sand under a bell- glass in moist heat will strike root,
Comparetti, Andrea, lis works on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1798.
Compost, composed soil, or composed dung; a mixture of earths, or of earths and manures, or of manures alone, and hence the terms compost- soil, and compost-manure; to coliect and form,
1977.
Compost-ground, a place for laying and preparing composts, 1984.
Comptonia, mone. trian. and amentacee, a H. tr. N. Amer. which thrives best in peat soil, and is increased by layers.
Coniferous trees, their culture and management, 6983.
Conium, hemlock, pentan. dig. and umbelliferea, a G. tr. and H. bien. and an. Eur. C. B.S. and Barbary, which grow in any soil, and are in- creased by seeds.
Connoisseurs of gardening, 7408; their garden arrangements, 7429,
Conocarpus, button-tree, pentan. monog. and com- bretacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Conservatory, a habitation for ornamental plants of moderate temperature, in which the greater part are planted in beds or borders of soil, and allowed to attain a considerable size, 6174.
Constantinople, gardens of, 308.
Consumption in plants, 900.
Contortion in plants, 898.
Contracting gardeners, or new-ground workmen, 7389.
Contrajerva root, dorstenia contrajerva.
Convallaria, lily of the valley, hexan, monog. and smilacez, a H. peren. Brit. of easy culture.
Convolvulus, bind-weed, pentan. monog. and con- voivulacez, tr. peren. and an. Eur. and Amer. of all the departments of culture, mostly twiners, which grow readily in any soil, and are increased by the roots or seeds, and some by cuttings in sand.
Convolvulus batatas, the Spanish or sweet potatoe, 6026.
a a,
Convolvulus reptans, a spinage plant in Chin 6037.
Convolvulus soldanella, 4313.
Conyza, fleabane, syngen. polyg. super. and corym- biterez, tr. peren. and an. Eur. As. Amer. of all the departments which grow freely in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings or seeds.
Cook, Moses, a gardening author, page 1101. A. D. 1676.
Cookia, wampee-tree, decan. monog. and auran- tia, a S. tr. China, which thrives well in sandy loam, and ripened cuttings not deprived of any of their leaves, root in sand under a hand-giass in moist heat.
Coombe Abbey, Warwickshire, 7572.
Coombe Lodge, a seat in Oxfordshire, 7558.
Coopersale, a seat in Essex, 754.
Copaifera, balsam of capevi, decan. monog. and le- guminosez, a S. tr. S. Amer. which prefers a sandy loam, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Copford Hall, Essex, 7542.
Copgrove, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582.
Copped Hall, Essex, 7542.
Coppice-wood, or copse-wood(from couper, to cut, Fr.); woods which may be cut periodically, 6897.
Copse,—see Coppice.
Coptis, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacex, a H. peren. N. Amer. which grows best in pots and in peat soil, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Coral-tree,— see Erythrina.
Corallorhiza, gynan. monan. and orchidex, a H. peren. Scot. which grows best in peat soil, and is increased by seeds.
Corby Castle, Cumberland, 7593.
Corchorus, polyan. monog. and tiliacez, S, tr. and an. Ind, Amer. which thrive in rich soil, and root readily from young cuttings; and a H. tr. of easy culture, and which roots from cuttings as readily as the common willow.
Cordia, pentan. monog. and boraginea, S. tr. anda peren, E. and W. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a
1182 GENERAL INDEX.
Coreopsis, syngen. polyg. frustr, S. peren. bien. and an. W. In grow freely in rich light e under a hand-glass; and easy culture.
| Coriander,—see Coriandrum.
| Coriandrum, coriander, pentan. dig. and umbellife-
|_ rex, H. an. Eur. of easy culture.
Coriandrum sativum, the common coriander, 4.222.
| Coriaria, dicec, decan. and......... seoey a H. tr.
S. Eur. of easy culture, increased by iayers or suckers,
Coris, pentan. monog. and primulacee, a G. bien.
S. Eur. of common culture.
Corispermum, tickseed, monan. di dex, H. an. of common culture,
Cork botanic garden, 7666.
Cork-tree, quercus suber,
Corn-flag,— see Gladiolus,
Cornelian-cherry, cornus mascula.
Cornucopia, trian. monog. and graminee, a H. an.
Levant, a grass of easy culture,
Cornus, Georges, a French author on page 1115. A.D. 1560
Cornus, dog-wood, tetran. monog. and caprifolez, H. tr. and peren. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy cul- ture, excepting the two perennial species, which grow best in pots, or in a bed of peat.
Cornutia, didyn. angios. and verbenacea, a§, tr.
V. Ind. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass,
Cornwall, gardens and residences of, 7601.
Coronilla, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, G. tr, Eur, which thrive well in loam and peat, and increase by cuttings or seeds; and H. tr. and peren. of common culture.
Coronopus, wart-cress, tetrad. silic, and cruciferex, H. an. Brit. of easy culture.
Correa, octan. monog. and diosmacez, G. tr. which thrive wellin sandy loam and peat; and ripened cuttings root freely in sand under a bell or hand- glass.
Corrigiola, strap-wort, pentan. trig. and portulacee, a H. an. Eng. of common culture.
Corsfield House, Wiltshire, 7597.
Corthum, I. E. her works on gardening, page 1197. A. D. 1814.
Cortusa, bear’s ear, sanicle, pentan. monog. and primulacee, a H. peren. Austria, which grows best in pots in loam and peat, and is increased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Corydalis. diadel. hexan. and papaveracee, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. which thrive in light, rich soil, and are increased by dividing the roots, or by seeds.
Corylus, nut-tree, mone, polyan and amentacee,
tr. sur, and N. Amer.
Corylus avellana, the common nut-tree, and gar- den-filbert, 4752.
Corypha, fan-palm, hexan monog. and palmee, a S. tr. which grows in light soil and strong moist heat.
Cosmea, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbiferex, a G. peren. and an. Mexico, of common culture.
Costmary,— see Balsamita.
Costula, syngen. polyg! super. and corymbiferez, S. G. and H. an. C. B.S. of easy culture.
Costus, monan. monog. and scitaminez, S. peren. India and S. Amer. reedy or marsh plants, in- creased by dividing at the root.
Cotchell House, Cornwall, 7601.
Cotta, his works on gardening, page 1127. Joly 10), IESE
Cottage, different kinds of, 749.
Cottage en verger, 7283; cottage and garden of laborers, 7294; of artificers, 7422.
Cottage gardens, their management, 7418.
Cottage ornée, 7282.
Cotton, Charles, Esq., a British writer on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1675.
Cotton-grass,— see Eriophorum.
Cotton-rose, filago pigmza.
Cotton-thistle,— see Onopordum.
Cotton-tree,—see Gossypium
Cotyledon, navel-wort, decan. pentag. and sem- pervivee, G. tr. and a peren. C. B.S. suc- culents of easy culture; and H. peren. rock- work plants, prepagated by seeds or dividing the root.
Couch-grass, triticum repens.
Counsellors, or garden-artists, 7400.
Country-Residences of England, 7512; of Wales,
and corymbiferea, d.and Amer, which arth, and cuttings root
g. and chenopo-
gardening,
hand-glass in heat
7602; of Scotland, 7615; of Ireland, 7651.
F. and H. peren, of
(outs Comp. d a,
ail(USES wll‘ Convent ive
Hall. a seat e Hall, R= + House, awwort, Le
y the root. mbe marituina, th John Anar 1124. ADD
y» OX! berry,— Se a ry House, 14 |,—see Ger j oe
ranesbil
( \ (
and Eur. bulbs ¢ Cromartyshire, it Crome, G, his work 1811, Crome Court, Wor Crossandia, didyn E. Ind. which thr Cuttings root m sa Cross-wort,—see( Crotalaria, diadel. d G, tr, bien. and grow in loam young cuttin species ripen se Croton, monee, 1 and an, Ind, 4 loam and peat, On root in sand Crowberry,—sce| Crowea, decan, 1 grows in sandy ation, and not. freely in sand wn towfoot,—see Ry Croxdale Hall, Duy Croeianella, cross.
I
TY and
) COP mbifer
tidand 4) mere A Alen y
th, aj ale Whici
LD 88 root PereD, of
Vai
: P Imulacee,
Han, dip. and chen ture,‘4
Tool.
jt sll and ss»
ustran, and corms xing, of common
, Hl.
on gatdenl
cot cers I nagenell 3
itish rerouget
pga of seh
GENERAL
Cours Comp. d’Ag., Nouveau Cours Complet d’ Ag- riculture,&c. 13 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1810.
Covent, or Convent Garden market, its gardening productions with their average prices, 7514.
Coventry, Francis, his works on English gardening, page 1104, A. D. 1753.
Cow-bane,—see Cicuta.
Cow-itch,— see Stizolobium.
Cow-parsnep,—see Heracleum.
Cow-wheat,—see Mclampyrum.
Cowel, John, a British author on gardening, page 1103. A. D. 1729.
Cowesfield House, Wiltshire, 7596.
Cowley, Abraham, the poet, as a British author on gardening, page 1100. A. D. 1662.
Cowslip,—see Primula.
Coxe, William, Esq., his work on fruit-trees, page 11315 AL Di A8l7
Cracow, garden of Marshal Loudon at, 282,
Craggan, a seat in Westmeath, 7662.
Craiggie Hall, a seat near Edinburgh, 360.
Crailing House, Roxburghshire, 7621.
Crambe, colewort, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, G. tr. and peren. and an.!ur and Amer. which thrive in rich, light soil, and are increased by seed or dividing the root.
Crambe maritima, the seakale, 589
Cramer, John Andrew, his works on gardening, page 1124. A. D. 1766.
Cranberry,—see Oxycoccus
Cranbury House, Hampshire, 7594.
Cranesbill,—see Geranium.
Cranford bridge, Northamptonshire, 7580.
Cranford Lodge, Middlesex, 7520.
Crassula, pentan. pentag. and sempervivez, G. tr. peren. and an. and H. an. C. B.S. succulents of easy culture.
Crateva, garlic-pear. dodec. monog. and capparidez, S. tr. W. Ind. and Afr. which grow in loam, peat, and rotten dung, and are increased by cut- tings in sand, under a hand-glas
Cree House, Kircudbrightshire, 762
Crepis, syngen. polyg- zqual. and cichoracee, H. tr. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of easy culture.
Crescentia, calabash-tree, didyn. angios. and sola- nex, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat; and well ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in moist heat.
Cress,—see Lepidium.
Cress-rocket,—see Vella.
Crewe Hall, Cheshire, 7590.
Crichton, formerly a distinguished seat near Edin- burgh, 385.
Crinum, hexan. monog. and amaryllidee, S. G. peren. Amer. and Ind. which grow in rich joam with dung, in large pots, and are increased py suckers, or by seeds.
Cristaria, monad. polyan. and malvacee, a H. peren. Missouri, which grows only in peat m a ded border, and increases slowly by seeds, oy dividing at the root.
Crithmum, samphire, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, a G. bien. and H. peren. which grow in light, sandy soil, and are increased by seeds, or dividing at the roots.
Crithmum maritimum, the common samphire, 4278.
Crocus, trian. monog. and iridex, H. peren. Asia and Eur. bulbs of the easist culture, 6285.
Cromartyshire, in respect to gardening, 7648.
Crome, G. his work on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 1811.
Crome Court, Worcestershire, 7556.
Crossandra, didyn. angios. and acanthacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which thrives well in rich, light soil, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Cross-wort,—see Crucianella.
Crotalaria, diadel. decan. and leguminoseez, S. and G. tr. bien. and an. E. Ind. and Afr. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by young cuttings in sand under a bell-glass; some species ripen seeds.
Croton, moneec. monad. and euphorbiacee, S. tr.
cee, G. and H. tr. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Crux Easton, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Crypsis, trian. dig. and graminex, a H. an. Eur. a grass of easy culture.
Cryptarrhena, gynan. monan. and orchidee, a S. parasite, which may be treated as aérides. Cryptospermum, tetran. mono. and nyctaginee, a G. peren. N.S. W. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand.
Cryptostemma, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corym- biteree, H, an. C. B.S. of common culture.~ Cubieres,——, Ainé, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1803.
Cuckoo-flower, lychnis floscuculi.
Cucubalus, campion, decan. trig. and carophyllee, a H. peren. Eng. of common culture,
Cucumber, 4873.— see Cucumis.
Cucumis, cucumber, moncec. monad. and cueur- bitacee, F. and H. an. India and C. B.S. of common culture in rich soil.
Cucumis melo, the melon, under hand-glasses, 3262; culture of, 3271; soil, 3272; time of beginning to force, 3279; forming the seed-bed, choice of seed, sowing, 3281; treatment till removed to the fruiting-bed, 3287; forming the fruiting-bed, moulding, planting, 5288; temperature, 3291 5 air, 3295; water, 3298; earthing, 3302; training, 33U3; setting, 3307; cutting the fruit, and saving seed, 3312; second crop from the same plants, 3315; late crops on old hot-beds, 3318; culture of melons in a dung-pit, 3319; ina flued-pit, 3320; in M‘Phail’s pit,< 3322;
321; under hand-glasses, 3422; on a sloping bank, 3329; insects and diseases, 3330.
Cucumis sativus, the common cucumber, sorts of described, 4873; culture of in hot-beds, 3164 5 treatment till removed to the fruiting-bed, 3192; forming the fruiting-bed, 3199; air, 3217; water, 3221; training, 3257; culture ina flued-pit, 3236; in M‘Phail’s pit, 3238; in stoves, 3251; in Weeks’s patent frame, 3261; sorts described, 4869.
Cucurbita, gourd, monec. monad. and cucurbi- tacee, F. and H. an._ Ind. and S. Eur. of com- mon culture in rich soil.
Cucurbita pepo, the pompion; C. citrullus, the water-melon; C. melo pepo, the squash-gourd; C. verrucosa, the warted gourd; C. lagenaria, the bottle-gourd; C. aurantia, the orange-fruited gourd; and C. succado, the vegetable-marrow
rourd,
Cuffnels, Hampshire, 7594.
Culex, the gnat, a dipterous insect, 2267.
Culland’s Grove, Middlesex, 75:
Cullen House, in Banfshire, 7640.
Cullumia, syngen. polyg. frustr. and corymbiferee, G. tr. C.B.S. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root in the same soil under a hand-
7520.
glass.
Culzean Castle, in Ayrshire, 7627.
Cumberland, gardens and residences of, 7593.
Cumin, cuminum cyminum.
Cuminum, cumin, pentan. dig. and umbelliferea, a H. an. of coramon culture.
Cunila, dian. monog and labiatee, H. peren. N. Amer. and Eur, of common culture.
Cunonia, decan. dig. and cunoniacez, a G., tr. C. B.S. which grows in loam and peat, ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
Cuphea, dodec. monog. and salicaree, a S. tr. and bien. and G. bien. and an. Amer. of common culture.
Cupressus, cypress, monec. monad. and coniferex, G. tr. Amer. and C. B. 8. which grow well in loam, and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a pell-glass; and H. tr. which grow in common soil, and are raised from seeds.
Curatella, polyan. dig. and magnolia, aS. tr. S. Amer. which thrives in sandy loam, and cuttings root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass.
Curculigo, hexan. monog. and asphodelee, S. and G. peren. E, Ind. bulbs of the usual culture.
and an. Ind. Amer. and Eur. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings with their leaves on root in sand under a hand-glass.
Crowberry,—sce Empetrum.
Crowea, decan. monog. 4 G. tr. N. S. W. which grows in sandy loam and peat, in an airy situ- ation, and not over-watered, and cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass.
Crowfoot,— see Ranunculus.
Croxdale Hall, Durham, 7584.
Crucianella, cross-wort, tetran, monog. and rubia-
Fe ee neces
Curculio, inhabits gr
Curculio nucum, the filbert-weevil, 4761.
Curcuma, turmeric, dian. monog. and scitaminee, S. peren. E. Ind. reedy marsh plants, increased by division at the root.
Curraghmore, a seat in Waterford, 7665.
| Currant,— see Ribes Curt. Spreng.,Curti Curtains for shelter,— see Structures.
i Sprengel HistoriaRei Herbariz.
—— Cnn
—s
ere
1184
Curten,——, his writings on gz i 2
1190. A. D. 1798, gs on gardening, page
Curtis, William, F. L. 8. a British author on gar- dening, page 1109. A. D. 1783.
Curtisia, hassagay-tree, tetran. MONOY. and......0006, a G. tr. C. B.S. which thrives in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Curtius, Benedictus, his works on gardening, page 1129. A. D. 1560.
Curvilinear hot-houses, list of, erected by Messrs. Bailey, 1587.
Cuscuta, dodder, pentan. dig. and convolvulacex, a G. an. and H. peren. and an. Eng. and China; parasites which may be sown at the root of any branchy plant, and they will spring up, and at- tach themselves to it,— see 942.
Cushing, a British writer on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1812.
Cussonia, pentan. dig. and araliw, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive in sandy loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Custard-apple,—see Annona.
Cusworth Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Cutting, as an operation on plants, 1884.
Cuttings, to propagate by, 2063.
Cyanella, hexan. monog. and asphodelez, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs of common culture.
Cyathea, cryptog. filices, and filicew, a S. peren. NV. Ind. a fern of the usual culture.
Cycas, dicec. polyan. and palmee, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in light soil and moist heat, and are increased by seeds.
Cyclamen, pentan. monog. and primulacew, a G. peren. and H. peren. Eur. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by seeds; when not in a growing state, the tubers should have no water.
Cyclopia, decan. monog. and leguminosea, a G. tr. C. B. S. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and very young cuttings will root readily in sand under a bell-glass, care being taken to wipe the glass frequently, to prevent their damping off.
Cydonia, quince, icos. di-pentag. and rosacee, F. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer. of easy culture, and increased by cuttings, layers, or grafting on thorn stocks.
Cydonia vulgaris, the common quince, pyrus cy- donia, L. 4459.
Cyfartha, a seat in Brecknockshire, 7613.
Cylista, diadelph, decan, and leguminosee, S. tr Ind. climbers which succeed well in loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-
lass.
Cymbaria, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, a H. peren. Dauria, a rock-work plant, which prefers light, sandy soil, and may be increased by seeds.
Cymbidium, gynan. dian. and orchidee, S. peren. BK. Ind. which thrives in sandy loam mixed with potsherds and bits of woods, and well drained; the species are increased by dividing at the root.
Cynanchum, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, S, and G. tr. Eur. and C. B.S. climbers which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass; the H. peren. thrive in light soil, and increase freely by seeds or the root
Cynara, artichoke, syngen. polyg. equal. cynaro- cephalex, G. and H. peren. Eur. and C, B. S. of common culture.
Cynara scolymus, the garden artichoke, 3917.
Cynara cardunculus, the cardoon, 3929.
Cynips, the gall-fly, a hymenopterous insect, 2259.
Cynips quercus folii, the oak gall-fly, 7075.
Cynocon, trian. dig. and graminee, a S. peren. and H. peren. Eng. and E. Ind. grasses of the easiest culture.
Cynoglossum, hound’s tongue, pentan. monog. and boraginez, a G. bien. an. H. peren. and an. Eur. and Amer. of easy culture.
Cynometra, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in sandy loam, and large cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Cynosurus, dogstail-grass, trian. dig. and grami- nee, a H. peren. and an. Eur. grasses of easy culture.
Cyon(cion, sion, or scion, a twig of a tree), in grafting, that part which is attached to the stock, in order to become the future tree; the shoot en- grafted on a stock,— see Grafting, 7075.
Cyperus, trian, monog. and cyperaceex, S. G. and H. peren. and an. Eur. Ind. Amer. grasses of easy culture.
GENERAL INDEX.
| Cyphia, pentan. monog. and campanulacew, G. peren. C. B.S. which thrive in loam and peat and cuttings root readily under a bell-glass in sand.
Cypress,—see Cupressus. 3
Cyprinus auratus, the gold carp fish, 6086,
Cypripedium, lady’s slipper, gynan. dian, and or- chidex, H, peren. Eng. and N, Amer, which will thrive only in peat soil and in the shade and are the better of protection during winter;‘they are difficult to increase, but sometimes they per- fect seeds.‘
Cyrenaica, gardens of, 6.
Cyrilla, pentag. monog. and ericee, a G. tr. Caro- lina, which grows in sandy loam, and young cut. tings root in sand undera bell-glass, but not freely.
Cyrtanthus, hexan. Mmonog. and amaryllidex, G, peren. C. B.S. bulbs which grow in sandy loam and peat, require plenty of water when in a grow- Ing state, but scarcely any when dormant.
Cyrtopodium, gynan. monan. and orchidex, S, peren. Amer. requiring the same treatment as cymbidium.
Cysticapnos, diadel. hexan. and papaveracee, a H. an. C. B.S. of common culture, i
Cytisus, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, G. F. and H. tr. Eur. As. and Amer. chiefly shrubs which prefer a light soil, and are propagated readily by seeds or layers.
Cytisus alpinus, the tree or Scotch laburnum, 711
Cytisus laburnum, the shrubby laburnum, 7020.
Cxartoryska, Princess Isabella, her work on gar- dening, page 1131. A. D, 1808.
2 %
D.
Dactylis, cocksfoot-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. peren. Eur, of the easiest culture.
Demia, pentan. dig. and asclepiadew, a S.tr. E, Ind. which grows ip loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Daffodil,— see Narcissus.
Dahiman, G.7T., his works on gardening, page 1130. A. D. 1728.
Dahuron, René, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1696.
Dailsford, a seat in Worcestershire, 7566.
Dais, decan. monog. and thymelex, a G. tr. C. B.S. which grows freely in loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings of the roots placed in a Warm situation.
Daisy,— see Bellis.
Dalbergia, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, S. tr. E. Ind. which do well in sandy loam, and ripened cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Dalea, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, S. and G. an. and H. peren. Ind. and Amer. of common culture.
Dalechampia, moneec. monad. and cuphorbiacez, a S. tr. W. Ind. aclimber, which grows in sandy loam, and roots freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, 7618.
Dalibarda, icos. polyg. and rosacew, a H, peren. N. Amer. a creeper, which prefers peat soil, and a shaded situation.
Dalkeith Park, Midlothian, 7618.
Dailinger, Prosper, his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1798.
Dalmahoy, a seat in Midlothian, 7618.
Daimar, Basse N, his works on gardening,
page 1120. A. D. 1800.
Dalmeny Park, kitchen-garden at, 2455; hot-houses
there, 2661.
Dalystown, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Damascena, the damson, or Damascus plum,—see
-yunus.
Damasonium, hexan. polyg. and hydrocharidex, a S. peren. E Ind. an aquatic.
Dampiera, pentan. monog. and goodenovia, a G.
peren. N.S. W. which grows well in loam and
peat, and young cuttings root freely under a
hand-glass.
Dan y Park, a seat in Brecknockshire, 7613.
Dancer’s Court, a seat in Tipperary, 7667.
Dandelion,— see Leontodon.
Danson Hill, a seat in Kent, 7537.
Daphne, octan. dig. and thymelex, a S. tr. which
thrives in loam and peat, and roots by cuttings
under a hand-glass; and H. tr. beautiful under. shrubs, which prefer peat soil, and are increased
by seeds or gratting on the D. laureola, 6562.
D Argenville, Dezallier Ant Joseph, a French
Cyperus esculentus, the rush-nut, 6034.
author on gardening, page 1117. A. D. 1715,
we ot{0 lings OO oul ne
of sad det
1115, A. Dem Dawsonscoutt H 09. Day:lily, De Caumels, BS A.D, J8l6. De Combes, 4, D, 178. De Distt plat tarull.
his
t
try, by Huis nC
Jssieuean 3
4, D, 1823, Deciduous trees W
Decumaria, dod Carolina, whit tings root freel
Deene Thorpe P
Deepden, a seat
Deeringia, pental bien, B Ind. of
Delaford Park, M
Delaunay, Mordat 11%, A.D. 181]
Delewe, J.P.F., A.D, 1808,
Delhi, gardens of
Delille, Jacques, page 1118, A]
Delphinium, la culacee, H Amer. of com
Delve(Saz.), to
Delville, a seat
Demesnes, gard
Den of Rubisla
Denbighshire, ¢
Dendrobium,
Bh)
as aérides; a loam and pea the root, Dentella, penta N. Holl. of co Derbyshire, gar Dermestes, leatt insect, 2959, Derry, county 0 Desbois, B.A. 5 dening, page Design,—princ 7163, Desmanthus, p bien, and ay and peat, anc treated as aq or young cut glass, Dewso, Johann: 1183, A. D, 1 Devil’ bit, scab Devonshire, car ew, theory of Dianella, hexan
thea ing fn mnt,
Orhidee,§ Weatent 95
Darnel,— see Lolium.
Darton Park, Yorkshire, 7582.
Darwin, Erasmus, M.D. F.R.S., a British writer on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1781.
Date-palm,—see Pheenix.
Date-plum,— see Diospyros.
Datisca, dicec. dodec. and resediacez, a H. peren. Candia, of common culture.
Datura, thorn-apple, pentan. monog. and solaner, H. an, Asia, Afr. of the easiest culture.
Daucus, carrot, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, H. bien. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Daucus carota, the garden-carrot, 3712.
Davallia, cryptog. filices and filicee, a G. tr. and peren. N.S. W. and Canaries, ferns of common culture as such.
Daviesia, decan. monog. and leguminosez, Grtr N.S. W. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings, not too ripe, will root readily in pots 2 sand under a hand-glass, without bottom
eat.
Davy, Pere, a French author on gardening, page
1115. A. D. 1560.
Dawsonscourt Hall, a seat in Queen’s County, 7659.
Day-lily,—see Hemerocallis.
De’ Caumels, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1816.
De Combies, his works on gardening, page 1117. A. D. 1745.
De Distrib. plant., Humboldt de distributione plan- tarum.
Deadly carrot, atropa belladonna.
Deadly nightshade,— see Thapsia.
Decandolle, L. A. one of the most eminent French botanists, distinguished like Brown in this coun- try, by his knowledge and improvement of the Jussieuean system of classification, page 1122. A. D. 1823.
Deciduous trees with showy flowers, table of, 6540.
Decorative buildings used in gardening, 1768.
Decortication, 2165.
Decorum in garden operations, 2358.
Decumaria, dodec. monog. and myrtiacew, a isitr: Carolina, which grows in common soil, and cut- tings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Deene Thorpe Park, Northamptonshire, 7580.
Deepden, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Deeringia, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a S. bien. E. Ind. of common culture.
Delaford Park, Middlesex, 7520.
Delaunay, Mordaunt, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1811.
Deleuxe, J. P. F., his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1809.
Delhi, gardens of, 462.
Deiille, Jacques, the poet, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1765.
Delphinium, larkspur, polyan. trig. and ranun- culacee, H. peren. bien. and an. Europe and Amer. of common culture.
Delve(Saz.), to dig,— see Dig.
Delville, a seat near Dublin, 368.
Demesnes, gardens of, 7271; management, 7443.
Den of Rubislaw, a seat in Aberdeenshire, 7639,
Denbighshire, gardens and residences of, 7605.
Dendrobium, gynan. monan. and orchidee, S. peren. N.S. W. parasite, which may be treated as aérides; and G. peren. which thrive in sandy loam and peat, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Dentella, pentag. monog. and rubiacee, a H. an. N. Holl. of common culture, 1662.
Derbyshire, gardens and residences of, 7574.
Dermestes, leather-beetle, or chaffer, a coleopterous insect, 2232.
Derry, county of, as to gardening, 7681.
Desbois, F. A. A. de la Chesnaye, his works on gar- dening, page 1117. A. D. 1751.
Design, principles of, in Jandscape-gardening, 7163.
Desmanthus, polyg. moneec. and leguminosee, S. tr. bien, and an. E. and Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and some of them, as D. natans, may be treated as aquatics; they are increased by seeds, or young cuttings planted in sand under a bell- glass.
Deuso, Johann Daniel, his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D. 1735.
Devil’s bit, scabiosa succisa.
Devonshire, gardens and residences of, 7600.
Dew, theory of, 1245.
Dianella, hexan. monog. and asphodelez, a S. peren.
1
a ee
GENERAL INDEX. 1185
and G. peren. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are increased by division at the root.
Dianthus, pink, decan. dig. and caryophyllex, a G. tr. and peren. and H. peren. bien, and an. Eur. and As. which thrive in light rich soil, and thrive by cuttings or pipings and layers, in sandy loam under a hand-glass.
Dianthus caryophyllus, the carnation, 6406.
Dianthus hortensis, the pink, 6440.
Diapensia, pentan. monog. and ericez, a H. peren. Lapland, an alpine, which must be grown in small pots in peat soil, and protected during winter.
Diaspyros kaki, the kaki-tree, 6016.
Dichondra, pentan. dig. and conyolvulacee, a S. peren. and G. peren. N.S. W. and Jam. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely.
Dicks, John, of Knightsbridge, a British author on gardening, page 1107. A. D. 1769.
Dicksonia, cryptog. filices and filicer, a S. tr. and peren. G. peren. and H. peren. ferns of common culture as such.
Dictamnus, fraxinella, decan. monog. and rutacee, a H. peren. Germ. of easy culture, and may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or divisions at the root.
Didelta, syngen. poly. frustran. and corymbiferez,
G. tr. C. B. S. which thrive well in any rich light soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand- glass.
Diel, Aug. Fred. Adrian, M. D., his works, page 1126, A. D. 1799.
Diervilla, pentan. monog. and caprifoliz, a H. tr. N. Amer. a low shrub of easy culture, and in- creased by suckers.
Dietrich, Fr. Gli., his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1802.
Dig(dician, Sax. to make a trench about), to break or open up the ground with a spade; in garden- ing, to raise, reverse, and pulverise the surface- soil for eight or ten inches deep,— see Digging.
Digging, 1864.
Digitalis, foxglove, didyn.angios, and scrophula- rinex, G. tr. and H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture.
Digitaria, finget-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. an. of common culture, 1662.
Digitaria sanguinales, Polish millet, 4335.
Dilatris, trian. monog. and hemodoracee, G. peren.
rasses of common culture,
Dill. elt., Joh. Jac. Dillenii Hortus Elthamensis.
Dill,—see Anethum.
Dillenia, polyan. polyg. and dilleniacez, S. itr..E. Ind. which grow in light loam, and ripened cut- tings, not deprived of their leaves, root freely in cand under a hand-glass in heat.
Dillwynia, decan. monog. and leguminosee, G. tr. N.S. W. which grow in sandy loam and peat, with pots well drained, and young cuttings root treely in sand under a bell-glass.
Dimocarpus, octan. monog. and sapindee, S. tr. the litchi ana longan of the Chinese, China, which grow in rich loam, and have been cultivated for their fruit, 5991.
Dionza, Venus’s flytrap, decan. monog. and drose- racee, a G. peren. Carolina, which thrives best when planted in a pot of sphagnum, or consmon moss, with a little peat mould at the bottom of the pot, and the pot placed in a pan of water.
Dioscorea, dicec. hexan. and dioscoree, S. peren. E. and W. Ind. climbers of easy culture.
Dioscorea sativa and alata, the yam, 6023. and 6024.
Diosma, pentan. monog. and diosmee, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive best in peat soil, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass.
Diospyros, date-plum, polyg. dicec. and ebenacee, S. an. G. tr. Italy, Amer. and India, which thrive well in light loamy soil, and ripened cuttings suc- ceed best in sand under a hand-glass in heat. kaki, the Japan date-plum is increased by inarch- ing or budding on the common kinds.
Diospyros lotus(Ziziphus lotus, W.), the Eur, date- plum, 6016.
Diotis, mone. tetran. and chenopodee, a H. tr. Siberia, which grows in any light soil, and is readily propagated by layers, and cuttings may be rooted under a hand-glass.
Diphylleia, bexan. monog. and berberidex, a H. peren. N. Amer. which grows freely in a light rich soil, and is increased by dividing at the
root,
\
a a eens——— tee
1186 GENERAL INDEX.
Diplazium, cryptog. filices and filieew, a S. peren.
amaica, a fern which grows in loam and peat in
the shade, and is increased by seed or dividing at the root.:
Dipsacus, teasel, tetran. monog. and dipsacex, H. bien. Eur. of common culture.
Dipterix, tonquin-bean, diadel. decan. and legumi- nosex, a S. tr. Guiana, which grows in light loam, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass in a moist heat.
Dirca, leather-wood, octan. dig. and thymeleex, a H. tr. Virginia, which grows best in peat earth, and is increased by layers: snails are particularly fond of this plant.
Disa, gynan. monan. and orchider, G. peren. C. B.S. which thrive in sand and peat, and re- quire very little water when not in a growing state.
Disandra, heptan. monog. and pedicularex, a G. peren. Madeira, a trailing plant of common cul- ture.
Disperis, gynan. monan, and orchidex, a G. peren. C. B. S. which may be treated as disa.
Diss. orient. gard., Chambers’s Dissertation on Ori- ental Gardening.
Ditchley, a seat in Oxfordshire, 7559.
Dittany, origanum dictamnus.
Diurus, gynan. monan. and orchidex, a G. peren.
S. W. requiring the same culture as disa.
Dock,— see Rumex.
Dodartia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, a H. peren. Levant, which thrives in rich light soil, and is increased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Dodder,— see Cuscuta.
Dodecatheon, the African cowslip, pentan. monog. and primulacee, a H. peren. Virginia, which thrives in light loam, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Dodonza, octan. monog. and terebintacez, S. and G. tr. Austral. Amer. and Africa, which thrive well in loam and peat, and are increased by cut- tings under a bell-glass in sand.
Dodsley, Robert, as a British author on gardening, page 1106. A. D. 1764.
Dogmersfield Park, Hampshire, 7594.
Dogsbane,— see Apocynum
Dog’s cabbage, thelygonum cynocrambe.
Dogtail-grass,— see Cynosurus.
Dogtooth-violet,— see Erythronum.
Dog-wood,— see Cornus.
Dolichos, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, S. and G. tr. bien. and an. which grow freely in light rich soil, and are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass or by seeds, which many produce freely.
Dolichos soya, or soy plant, 6037.
Dol-y-Myllynilyn, a seat in Merionethshire, 7612.
Dombeya, monad. dodec. and malvacee, a S. tr. Mauritius, which grows in sandy loam, and ripen- ed cuttings root in a pot of sand in moist heat under a hand-glass.
Don, David, Esq. F.L.S., librarian to the Linnzan Society, 7045.
Don, George, of Forfar, a celebrated British bo- tanist, 386.
Donegal, county of, as to gardening, 2278.
Donn, James, F.L.S., curator of the Cambridge botanic garden, page 1112. A. D. 1796.
Donnington Grove, Berkshire, 7561.
Donnington Park, Leicestershire, 7573.
Doodia, cryptog. filices and filicee, a G. peren. N.S. W. a fern of the usual culture.
Dornbach, a seat, and also a mountain near Vienna,
04.
Doronicum, leopard’s bane, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferez, H. peren. Eur. of common culture.
Dorsetshire, gardens and residences of, 7598.
Dorstenia, tetran. monog. and urticee, Eur. and S. Amer. which grow freely in light rich soil, and increase at the roots or by seed.
Doryanthes, hexan. monog. and amaryllidex, a G. tr. N.S. W. which grows in loam and peat, and is increased by suckers.
Dorycnium, diadel, decan. and leguminosee, G. tr. and peren. S. Eur. which thrive in loam and peat, and young cuttings planted under a bell- glass in sand, root freely, or they may be raised from seeds.
Doucin-stocks, 4387.
Douette-Richardot, his works on gardening, page
Down, county of, its gardens and residences, 7683,
Downing, a seat in Flintshire, 7606, zs
Draba, whitlow-grass, tetrad. silic. and cruci- feree, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of easy cul- ture.
Dracena, dragon-tree, hexan. monog. and aspho- delez, S. tr. E, Ind. which thrive well in light loam, and large cuttings stuck in the bark-bed when in a brisk heat root freely.
Dracocephalum, dragon’s head, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, a G. tr. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and Amer. of common culture.
Dracontium, dragon, heptan. monog. and aroidex, S. peren. India, which grow in light rich soil, and are increased by dividing at the roots.
Dragon,— see Dracontium.
Dragon’s head,—see Dracocephalum.
Dragon-tree,—see Dracena.
Draining, 1095.
Dreghorn Castle, near Edinburgh, 7618.
Dreyssig, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 1809.
Drill(drillen, Dutc. to bore holes with a drill), a lengthened excavation formed in gardening by the hoe, for the purpose of inserting seeds. Some- times drills are formed across beds by a large wide-toothed rake, and the same rake serves, when the plants are sprung up, to stir the soil between the rows, 1873.
Drill-rake, 1315.
Drimia, hexan. monog. and asphodelexz, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs which grow in sandy loam and de- cayed leaves.
Dronningaard, a seat in Denmark, 61.
Drope, Francis, B. D., a British author on garden- ing, page 1101. A. D. 1672.
Dropsy in plants, 883.
Dropwort, spirea filipendula.,*
Drosera, sundew, pentan. pentag. and droseracee, H. peren. Brit. which grow in watery bogs in peat earth, but which will thrive and flower well when kept in small pots in the green-house. “ a
olnskiolalas a India 5‘ cuttings ¥!
heat.: Holt holtz,>
Holyroo 2 7618.
» Henry
flome, Hen{1
ing, pase Honesty,—* Honewort,= Honey-dews Honey-ber"ys Honey-flowers Honeysuckle Honey-Wolt, Hooded milfol ooker, Ys“ aes pr Glasgow, a Hooker, Will tural artist, A.D. 1811. op,= See H Hop-hornbeat Hope, Thoma Hope-end, a se Hopea, polyad Jina, which g root easily u Hopeton Hous Hordeum, bar peren and al culture. Horn-poppys~ Hornbeam,—§ Hornemannia, San. E. Ind. Hornwort,— se Horse-chestnut, Horse-radish,— Horse-radish tr Horse-shoe vet Horse-tail,—se Horse-thistle,— Hort. Kew,, Ait Hort, Trans,, Tr tural society Horticultural arc Horticultural art Horticultural cat Horticultural pr is calculated te Horticu burgh, 7107; of Glasgow, 7 Horticultural§ page 1114. A Hortus pinguis garden, Hosack, David on gardening, Hot-bed frames for placing oy Hosta, didyn.; Amer, which Hot-beds, beds active fermen earth placed o Hot-beds, their Cucumis,* Hot-house, a 2 principally of 16835, prineipl obtain heat 13 1593, to 1601, Hothouse furnac size of hot-hous brasure-flue, ca power of flues, 1tH8, to 1664, Hot-house roofs, COMMON sash.p improved lead| Momboidal-gla; eiitire shield-g| curvilinear lap, pe 1628,
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GENERAL INDEX. 1197
Hogg, Mr. Thomas, his works on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1812
Hollymount, a seat in Mayo, 7673.
Holmskioldia, didyn. angios. and verbenace®, a S. tr. India; which grows in loam and peat, and cutengs will root in sand under a hand-glass in eat.
Holt(holtz, Sax.), a small wood or grove.
Holyrood Palace and Park, Edinburgh, 7317. and 7618.
Home, Henry, Lord Kaimes, his works on garden- ing, page 1106, A. D. 1762.
Honesty,— see Lunaria.
Honewort,— see Sison.
Honey-dew, 881.
Honey-berry, melicocca bijuga.
Honey-flower,— see Melianthus.
Honey-suckle,— see Lonicera.
Honey-wort,—see Cerinthe.
Hooded milfoil,—see Utricularia.
Hooker, W. J., UL.D. F.R.S.,&c. a distinguished botanist, professor of botany in the college of Glasgow, and author of several works, 587.
Hooker, William, Esq., F.L.S.,an eminent horticul- tural artist, his works on gardening, page 1113. A. D. 1811.
Hop,— see Humulus.
Hop-hornbeam,— see Ostrya.
Hope, Thomas, Esq., his writings on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1820.
Hope-end, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568.
Hopea, polyad. polyan. and ebenacee, a G. tr. Caro- lina, which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root easily under a hand-glass.
Hopeton House, Linlithgowshire, 7632.
Hordeum, barley, trian. digyn. and graminer, H. peren. and an. Eur. As. and Amer. grasses of easy culture.
Horn-poppy,— see Chelidonium.
Hornbeam,— see Carpinus.
Hornemannia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, a S. an. E. Ind. of common culture.
Hornwort,— see Ceratophyllum.
Horse-chestnut,— see Atsculus.
Horse-radish,— see Cochlearia Armoracia.
Horse-radish tree, hyperanthera moringa.
Horse-shoe vetch,—see Hippocrepis.
Horse-tail,— see Equisetum.
Horse-thistle,— see Cnicus.
Hort. Kew., Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis.
Hort. Trans., Transactions of the London horticul- tural society.
Horticultural architect, 7402.;
Horticultural artist, 7403.
Horticultural catalogue, 3468.
Horticultural productions which a first-rate garden is calculated to afford monthly, 6038.
Horticultural Society of London, 7707 5 of Edin- burgh, 7707; of Winchester, 7594; of Leeds, 7581; of Glasgow, 7629; of Perth, 7636; of Dublin, 392.
Horticultural Society of London, its transactions, page 1114, A. D. 1815; garden, 7508.
Hortus pinguis, or the fat, the cook’s or kitchen- garden.
Hosack, David, M.D. F. R.S. L.S.&c. his works on gardening, page 1131. A. D. 1811.
Hot-bed frames, bottomless boxes with glass covers, for placing over hot-beds, 1532.
Hosta, didyn. angios. and verbenacew, a Sh498; Sb Amer. which may be treated as holmskioldia.
Hot-beds, beds of vegetable matter in a state of active fermentation sufficient to heat a layer of earth placed over them; their formation, 1975.
Hot-beds, their culture and management,— see Cucumis.*
Hot-house, a garden structure, with the roof principally of glass for the habitation of plants, 1583; principles of design in, 1591; how to obtain heat 1592; light, air, soil, and water, 1593. to 1601.
Hot-house furnace and flues, iron doors, lime-kilns, size of hot-house fire-places, flues, can-flue, em- prasure-flue, cast-iron flue, size of flues, erection, power of flues, dampers or valves, chimney-tops, 1648. to 1664.
Hot-house roofs, different methods of glazing, 1626; common sash-glazing, 1627; with a leaden lap, improved lead lap, copper lap, fragment-glazing, rhomboidal-glazing, perforated shield-glazing, entire shield-glazing, curvilinear lap, reversed curvilinear lap, ridge and furrow, and anomalous surfaces, 1628. to 1637; putty and paint, 1638. and 1639,
.- we ee= a PR eas et
Hot-houses, contrivances for procuring water, wind, and air, 1688.
Hot-houses, details of the construction of their roofs, 1602; fixed roofs, moveable roofs, roofs partaking of both characters, materials of fixed roofs, of moveable roofs, upr.ghts, and objections to metallic roofs, 1603. to 1625.
Hot-houses, their pits, stages, shelves, doors, paths, &c. 1681; materials of the path, pits for tan or earth, beds and borders, shelves, stages, 1682. to 1687.
Hot-houses, their steam boilers and tubes, 1665; steam-boilers, of cast-iron, of wrought-iron, of cop- per, steam-pipes, hot water pipes, 1666. to 1670.
Hot-houses, their trellises, 1671; back wall trellis, middle trellis, front or roof trellis, fixed rafter trellis, moveable ratter trellis, secondary trellis, cross trellis, 1672. to 1679; Hot-house entrance, 1680.
Hot-houses, their walls and sheds, 1640; front wall, holes for vine-stems, back wall, back shed, 1641. to 1647.
Hot-houses of the Chinese, specimen of, 480.
Hot-houses used in floriculture, 6161.
Hot-houses used in floriculture, their culture and management, 6202.
Hot-houses used in horticulture, 2644.
Hot-houses used in horticulture, their culture and management, 2696.
Hottentot cherry, cassine maurocenia.
Hottonia, water-violet, pentan. monog. and primu- lacew, a H. peren. an aquatic.
Houghton Hall, Norfolk, 7555
Hound’s tongue,— see Cynoglossum,
House, or mansion, situations best adapted for, 7249; aspect, 7253.
House, with carriage entrance, as a residence, 2029; with covered entrance, 2030; house and conser- vatory, 2031; house and flower-garden, 2032; house and French parterre, 2033; house and front garden, 2034.
Houseleek,— see Sempervivum.
Houstonia, tetran. monog. and rubiacee, H. peren. N. Amer. rock-work plants, which do well in peat soil in pots.
Hovea, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, G. tr. Aus- tral. which thrive in loam and peat, and young cuttings may be struck under a bell-glass in sand.
Hovenia, pentan. monog. and rhamnee, a G. tr. Japan; which grow in Toam and peat, and ripened cuttings root readily under a hand-glass in sand,
Howick, a seat in Northumberland, 7587.
Howsham, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582,‘
Hoya, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, a S. tr. Asia; a climber of easy culture.:
Huber, Cand. his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1792.:
Huber, Francis, a natural philosopher of Geneva, who wrote on bees, 1738.: q
Hiibner, K. Jos., his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1801. bre‘
Huernia, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, D.S. tr. C.B.S. succulents, which grow in brick and lime- rubbish, little watered; cuttings root easily.
Hughes, William, his works on gardening, page 1101, A. D. 1669.‘
Huish, Robert, author and translator of some plays and novels, and of a work on bees, of which in- sect he is an enthusiastic admirer and cultivator,
1788.
Hull botanic garden, 7581. 5
Humble plant, mimosa pudica.§
Humea, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferee, 2 G. bien. N. S. W. of easy culture.'
Humulus lupulus, hop, dicec. pentan. and urtice, a H._ peren. Brit.— see 1549.:
Hundeshagen, C—, his work on gardening, page 1197. A. D. 1819.‘
Hunter, Alexander, M. D. F.R.S.; his works on gardening, page 1108. A. D. 1770. ads
Huntingdonshire, gardens and residences of, 7550.
Hura, sandbox-tree, monec. monad. and euphor- piace, S. tr. S. Amer. which grow freely in light loam, and large ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass inheat.—_
Hurstbourne Park, Hampshire, 7594.
Hutchinsia, tetrad. silic. and cruciferez, H. peren. and a bien. Eur. rock-work plants which grow in loam and peat, and root freely.;
Huthem,——, his works on gardening, page 1129. A. D. 1817. ae A
Huts, as garden buildings, 1781.
Hyacinth,— see Hyacinthus.
Ue,
t
Ne OTe Se
7
1198
Hyacinthus, hyacinth, hexan, monog. and aspho- delex, H. peren. Eur. bulbs of easy culture.
Hyacinthus orientalis, 6222.
Hyena poison, hyananche globosa.
Hyeznanche, dicec. dodec. and hydrocharidex, a G. tr. C.B.S. which grows in loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
Hyde Hall, Cheshire, 7590.
Hyde Park, London, 7517.
Hydrangea, decan. dig. and saxifragee, F. and H., tr. Amer, and China, which grow in common soil, and ripened cuttings root readily.
Hydrangea hortensis, 6476.
Hydrastis, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, a H,. peren. Canada, which grows best in light soil in rather a moist situation, and is increased by tubers of the roots.
Hydrocharis, frog-bit, dicec. enneandr. and hydro- charidez, a H. peren. Brit. an aquatic,
Hydrocotyle, pennywort, pentan. dig. and umbelli- feree, G. and H. peren. Eur. Amer. and C. B. S. which grow best in peat soil kept moist, and are increased by division at the root.
Hydrolea, pentand. digyn. and convolvulacex, a 3. tr. S. Amer. which thrives best in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- lass.
Hydropeltis, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, N. Amer, a peren. will grow in loamy soil, or may be treated as an aquatic.
Hydrophyllum, water-leaf, pentan. monog. and bo- raginee, H. peren. Amer. which grow freely in any light, rich soil, and are increased by suckers from the roots.
Hydrophyllum virginicum, or Shawanese salad, 4381,
Hydrostatic press, its use in gardening, 1470.
Hygrometer, its use in gardening, 1985.
Hymenza, decan. monog. and leguminosee, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Hymenopappus, syngen. polyg. equal. and corym- biferez, a F. bien. Louisiana, of common culture.
Hymenophyllum, filmy leaf, cryptog. filices and filiceze, a H. peren. Eng. a fern, which grows best in small pots in loam and peat.
Hyoscyamus, henbane, pentan. monog. and sola- ne, G. tr. peren. and bien. Eur. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root without being covered by a glass; the H. peren. and an. are of common culture.
Hyoseris, swine’s succory, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of common culture.;
Hypecoum, tetran. dig. and papaveracez, a H. bien. and an. Eur. of easy culture.
Hyperanthera, horseradish-tree, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a S, tr. E. Ind. which thrives in light loam, and cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Hypericum, St. John’s wort, polyad. polyan. and hypericinee, G. tr. Eur. and Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand; the H. tr. and peren. are of easy culture; some are increased by cut- tings under a hand-glass, and others by division at the root.
Hypocheris, cat’s ear, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoraceez, H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy cul- ture.
Hypocharis masculata, 4295.
Hypoxis, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, G. and Ht peren. Amer. and C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by offsets from the roots.
Hyptis, didyn. gymnos. and labiatex, S. and G. tr. bien. and peren. Ind. and America, which grow freely in rich, light soil, and the hot-house sorts are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass in heat.
Hyssop,— see Hyssopus. s
Hyssopus, didyn. gymnos. and Jabiatex, H. tr. and peren. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy culture.
Hyssopus officinalis, the common hyssop, 4321.
I.
Iberis, candy-tuft, tetrad. silic. and cruciferex, G. and F. tr. Eur. which grow in common soil, and
GENERAL INDEX.
fee hones its construction, 1728; management,
730,
Ice-plant, mesembryanthemum crystallinum,
Ichneumon manifestator, 2261. and 3593,
Ichnocarpus, pentan. monog. and apocynee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which thrives well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass
Ickworth Park, Suffolk, 7552, é
Icolmkill,| in the Hebrides, early improvements there, 352.
Ildephonso, near Madrid, gardens of, 294.
llex, holly, tetran. tetrag. and rhamnee, G. and F. tr. Eur. and Amer. which thrive well in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand; the commoner H. tr. are in- creased by seed, and the finer sorts by grafting and budding.
Ilex aquifolium, the common holly, 7115,
Illecebrum, knot-grass, pentan. monog. and amaran- thaceew, a H. peren. Eng. a rock plant which grows best in pots in light soil, and seeds ripen abundantly.
Illicium, aniseed-tree, polyan. polyg. and magno- liacew, a F. tr. Florida, which grows best in light loam, and is increased by layers, or ripened cut- tings in sand under a hand-glass,
Impatiens, balsam, pentan. monog. and geraniacee, H. bien. S. an. Ind. Amer. Eng. of easy culture in rich soil.
Impatiens balsamina, the garden balsam, 6479.
Imperatoria, masterwort, pentan. dig. and umbelli- ferew, a H. peren. Scot. of easy culture.
Implements, origin of, 31.
Implements of gardening, 1294; tools, 1295; the pick, lever, spade, fork, shovel, dibber, forester’s dibber, planter’s hack, planter’s trowel, planter’s pick-axe, garden trowel, transplanter, draw-hoe, prong-hoe, thrust-hoe, rake, drill-rake, hoe-rake, turfing-iron, turf-raser, turf-beetle, turf-scraper, wire-broom, dock-weeder, besom, wire-besom, implement cleaner, 1296. to 1323.
Implements used in gardening, their further im- provement, 1847.
Improvement, forming a plan of, 7364.
Improvement, rural,—sce Landscape-gardening.
Improver, rural,—see Landscape-gardener.
Inarching, 2007.
Indian corn,— see Zea.
Indian cress,— see Tropeolum.
Indian cucumber, medeola virginica.
Indian fig, cactus opuntia.
Indian millet, sorghum vulgare.
Indian shot, canna indica.
Indigo,— see Indigofera.
Indigofera, indigo, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, S. tr. bien. and an. Ind. and C. B.S. which grow
in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in
young wood under a bell-glass in sand; the H.
an. are of easy culture.
Inga, polyg. moneec. and leguminosee, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cut-
tings root in sand in bottom heat under a bell-
glass.
Ingatestone Hall, Essex, 7542.
Ingestree Hall, Staffordshire, 7570.
Inocarpus, Otaheite chestnut, decan. monog. and sapotee, a S. tr. South Sea Islands, which thrives
well in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will
root in sand under a hand-glass,
Jnoculating, 2050.
Inscriptions, their use and abuse in gardening, 1845,
Insects, the common injurious sorts described, 2220;
subduing them, 2276. The insects which infest
particular plants, and the mode of extirpation,&c.
are treated of in giving the culture and manage-
ment of the plant, or the department in the gar- den to which it belongs.
Instruments of action, 1361; garden-line, ground- measurer, timber-measurer, ground-compasses,
borning-piece, levels, adjusting horizontal level,
spirit-level, staff, straight-edge, stake, 1362. to
1374,— see Machines and Utensils.
Instruments of designation, 1375; designators or
naming instruments, common tally(tadler, Fr. to cut) or number-stick, botanic tally, written name-stick, permanent label, temporary label,
1376. to 1388.
Instruments of operation, 1325; common garden-
knife, common pruning-knife, folding pruning-
knife, grafting-knife, budding-knife, asparagus-
; are readily propagated by cuttings; and H. peren. and an, of easy culture. ca
knife, grafting-chisel, forest-chisel, pruning-bill, forest-axe, pruning-saw, averruncator(averrunco,
Inverness” Jonidium, ee s, Amer. ¥ and young
glass Jpomea, pen perel, bien which grow root freely perell and| Fpomopsis, p G, bien. an Ireland, gard Jresine,“leet jeren, Ame is increased Iris, trian. m! Bur, As. an yeat, and 10 of them ma) {ris persica, tl Iron-tree, side {rou-wort,— 8 Irrigation, 10% Jaatis, woad, ¢ peren. bien. 2 Ischamum, po peren, and al Isle of Anglese Isle of Man, as Isles of Jersey: Isnardia, tetral Eur, of comm Isochilus, gynal W, Ind. epidendrum,& [soetis, quillwort aH. peren. Br Tsola bella, gard Isolepis, trian. t and an. Brit Tsopogon, tetra Holl. which drained, and glass, care be ally to avoid Isopyrum, pol peren, and ai Italian books 0 Itea, pentan, 1 Amer, which increased by Iva, syngen. pe an, and H, tr, Ivy,—see Hed Ixta, trian, mo bulbs which gi leaves or peat have done Aow the open garde ranunculus, gi Tails,— see 63] Ixodia, syn G. tr. N, Holl, and peat, and: same kind of so Itora, tetran, me and China, of loam and peat Under a hand-g
Jordus, A. L, ¢ he, ast, NJ, Je
R; !*atagenen
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tatly Ttprenale
eS of Sa,
| thane Guang}
thrre wel ig
8 T00t fey toda Monet Ht, nein, er sorts by raling
lly, 7105
"e-ali anaran. LINK at hic Nl, aN seedy tied
i Tan. Seat in ght Ot peed cut,
a geaniaee Fog of ay ate
den balm, 6409,
Man, dig, and ume easy culture
1S; ttol hove, dibher, unter’s trone,
, rleke, brea, if-beetl, turer, , bea, rieleom, 0 1333,
ping, thei futher im.
lscape-gatdene,
um igi
and leyuminose, (,B,4 which gtow es rook really 10 saul; the HL
uinosee,$B Fi vam and pat, ade tom heat under@ Ue
[sh nds, ths aad eattiney il ripened pings “plas + use in gs 1 004):
ve inst wal nodeot ext” ft, ecu aad manage dey 19 the gal-
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le var. ent 055 OF de rile, args
GENERAL
to cut or prune), French pruning-shears, hedge- shears, verge-shears, turf-shears, scythe, garden- scarifiers or bark-scalers, moss-scraper, blunt knife, forest barking-irons, garden-hammer, garden-pincers, weeding-pincers, grape-gatherer, peach-gatherer, pear-gatherer, berry-gatherer, apple-gatherer, seed_and cherry gatherer, climb-
ing-spur, 1326. to 1359.
Inula, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, S. an, and H. peren. Eur. and Asia, of the easiest culture.
Inula crithmifolia, samphire, 4281.
Inula helenium, elecampane, 4240.
Inverary Castle, Argyleshire, 7649.
Invercauld House, Aberdeenshire, 7639.
Invergordon Castle, Ross-shire, 7647.
Inverness nursery, 7648.
Inverness-shire, gardens of, 7648.
Jonidium, pentan. monog. and violacez, a G. peren. S. Amer. which grows freely in loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily under a hand- glass.
Ipomoea, pentan. monog. and convolvulacee, S. peren, bien, and an. Ind. Amer. Eur. twiners which grow in rich light soil, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a hand glass; the H. peren. and an. are of the easiest culture.
Fpomopsis, pentan. mcnog. and polemoniacez, a G. bien. and H. an. N. Amer. of common culture.
Ireland, gardens and residences of, 7651.
Iresine, dicec. pentan. and amaranthacee, a F. peren. Amer. which grows in loam and peat, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Iris, trian. monog. and iridee, G. and H. peren. Eur. As. and Amer. of easy culture in loam and peat, and increased by dividing at the root; some of them may be treated as marsh plants.
Tris persica, tuberosa, susiana, xiphium,&c. 6304.
Iron-tree, siderodendrum triflorum.,
Trou-wort,— see Sideritis.
Irrigation, 1098.
Isatis, woad, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, a H. peren. bien. andan Eur. of easy culture.
Ischamum, polyg. monoec. and graminew, a S. peren. and an. E. Ind. grasses of common culture.
Isle of Anglesea, gardens and residences of, 7603.
Isle of Man, as to gardening, 7588.
Isles of Jersey and Guernsey, as to gardening, 7598.
Isnardia, tetran. monog. and onagrarew, a HI. an. Eur. of common culture.
Isochilus, gynan. monan. and orchidexz, S. peren. W. Ind. parasites which may be treated as aerides,
epidendrum,&c.
Isoetis, quillwort, cryptog. hydrop. end marsiliacex,
a H. peren. Brit. a marsh plant.
Isola bella, gardens of, 82.
Isolepis, trian. monog. and cyperacez, a H. peren. and an. Brit. grasses of common culture.
Isopogon, tetran. monog. and proteacez, GStraNe Holl. which grow in loam, peat, and sand well drained, and ripened cuttings root under a hand- glass, care being had to take off the glass occasion- ally to avoid damps.
Isopyrum, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, a H. peren. and an, Eur. of easy culture.
Italian books on gardening, 7694.
Itea, pentan, monog. and saxifragee, a H. tr. N. Amer. which thrives well in sandy loam, and is increased by layers.
Iva, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferee, a S. an. and H. tr. Amer. both of common culture.
Ivy,—see Hedera.
Ixia, trian. monog. and iridew, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs which grow best in sandy loam and decayed leaves or peat, and require no water after they have done flowering: they will do well in beds in the open garden treated in the same manner as ranunculus, guarding against frost and heavy rains,—see 6319.
Ixodia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferex, a G. tr. N. Holl. which thrives best in sandy loam
INDEX. 1199
Jac. ic., Icones plantarum rariorum. Edita aN. J.
Jacquin.
Jac. vind., N. J, Jacquin hortus botanicus vindobon-
ensis.
Jaca-tree, artocarpus integrifolia.
Jack-in-a-box, hernandia sonora.
Jacksonia, decan. monog. and leguminosex, G. tr.
N. Holl. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and
young cuttings may be rooted in sand under a
bell-glass, or ripened ones under a hand-glass.
laos R., his works on gardening, page 1125. A.D.
1797.
Jacobsdahl, a seat in Sweden, 248.
Jacques, of Rastadt, a German gardener, employed
by the Grand Seignior at Constantinople, 308.
Jacquinia, pentan. monog. and sapotez, S. tr. W.
Ind. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cut-
tings(with care) will root in sand under a hand-
glass in heat.
Jalap, ipomeea jalapa.
Jamaica, botanic garden of, 499.
Jambolifera, octan. monog. and onagraree, a S. tr.
which grows in light loam, and cuttings root
freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Japan, gardens of, 464.
Jardin électoral de Saxe, at Warsaw, 281.
Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, described, 7331.
Jasione, sheep’s scabious, pentan. monog. and cam-
panulacee, a H. peren. and an. Eur. which do
well in common soil, or in pots(being rather ten- der of frost), and are increased by cuttings or seeds.
Jasmine,— see Jasminum.
Jasminum, dian, monog. and jasminee, S. and G.
tr. K. Ind. and C.B.S. chiefly climbers, which
grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass in heat; the H. tr
Eur. grow in common soil, and are increased by
layers or cuttings.
Jatropha, physic-nut, moneec. monad. and euphor-
biacee, S. tr. peren. and an. W. Ind. which thrive
well in loamy soil, and cuttings root best stuck in the tan in a good heat.
Jaume, St. Hillaire, bis works on gardening, page
1121. A. D. 1805.
Jaunexz, 1—— P—-,
page 1122. A.D. 1816.
Jeffersonia, octan. monog. and papaveracee, a BEG
peren. N. Amer. which grows best in peat, and is
increased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Jet d’eau, spout or fountain of water, 1829.
Jock’s lodge nursery, Midlothian, 7618.
Johnson, Jobn B., his work on the vine, page 1131.
A.D. 179-.
Johnston,‘Thomas, M.D., his work on gardening, page 1099. A.D. 1629,
Jones, Henry, his poem on gardening, page 1107. A.D. 1766.
Jonesia, heptan. monog. ANIL commences Gh Sb Ue E. Ind. which grows freely in light loam, and large cuttings root well in sand under a hand~ glass.
Jordens, J. H., his works on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1798.
Jour. R. Inst., Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain.
Journeymen gardeners, 7380.
Juglans, walnut, monec. polyan. and terebintacex, iL tr. N. Amer. increased by layers or seeds, and some kindly budding and inarching.
Juglans regia, the common walnut; as a fruit-tree, 4733; as a forest-tree, 7096.
Julien, A——, his work on gardening, page 1 A.D. 1816.
Juncus, rush, hexan. monog. and juncee, H. peren. Brit. grasses, generally marsh plants.
Juniperus, dicec. monad. and coniferex, F. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer. the more delicate species pre- fer peat and soil; but the cedars and savin grow in common garden earth: they are best managed by seeds, but cuttings may be rooted under a
his works on gardening,
99 Ade
and peat, and young cuttings root freely in the hand-glass.
same kind of soil under a hand-glass. Ixora, tetran. monog. and rubiacee, S. tr. E. Ind. and China, of great beauty, which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
J.
J. or Jus., A. L. de Jussieu’s Genera Plantarum.
Jussieu, Bernard de, his works on gardening, page 1117. A.D. 1735.
Jussieuia, decan. monog. and onagraree, S. and G. eren, and bien. Ind. and Amer. chiefly aquatics of common culture.
Justice, James, Esq. ¥. R.S., his works on garden- ing, page 1104. A.D. 1754.
Justicia, dian. monog. and acanthacez, S. and iG: tr. and an. Ind. and Amer. of easy culture in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in heat under a hand-glass.
Jac. aust., N. J. Jacquin Flora Austriaca.
K.
Kempferia, galangale, dian. monog. and scitami- nex, S. peren. E. Ind. which grow freely in rich light soil, requiring little water when not in a growing state, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Kalb, Bhd. H., his works on gardening, page 1127. A.D. 1810.
Kaleidoscope of Dr. Bradley, 6109.
Kalimar, gardens of, in the East Indies, 462.
Kaim, Peter, his works on gardening, page 1130. A.D. 1754. aH
Kalmia, decan. monog. and rhodoracex, H. tr. N. Amer. under shrubs which require peat soil, or very sandy loam, and are increased by layers or seeds,
Kanguru vine, cissus antarctica.
Kannegiesser, F.A., his works on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1805.
Kecht, J. C., his works on gardening, page 1197. A.D. 1813.
Keddleston, a seat in Derbyshire, 7575.
Kelham House, in Nottinghamshire, 2838,
Kellermann,» his works on gardening, page 1127. A.D. 1813,
Kelmarsh, a seat in Northamptonshire, 7580.
Kempton Park, Middlesex, 7520.
Kenmore House, in Kerry, 7670.
Kenmore Lodge, in Kerry, 7670.
Kennedia, diadel. decan. and leguminosea, G. tr. Austral. climbers which grow in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass in a little bottom heat.
Kent, gardens and residences of, 7534.
Kent, William, a painter and architect, and the father of landscape-gardening, 342,
Kensington gardens, Middlesex, 7523,
Kensington nursery, 7518.
Kentchurch, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568,
Kerim Khan, gardens of, 460,
Kernel fruits, 4368.
Kerry, gardens and residences of, 7670.
Kew gardens, Surrey, 7529.
Kewley’s alarum thermometer, 1489,
Kewley’s automaton gardener, 1490.
Keyser, G. Ad., his work on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1800,
Kidneybean,— see Phaseolus.
Kiggelaria, dicec. decan. and euphorbiacex, a G. tr. C. B.S. which grows freely in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Kiladoon, a seat in Kildare, 7657.
Kildare, gardens and residences of, 7657.
Kilkenny, gardens of, 7656.
Killarney, lakes of, in Kerry, 7670.
Killcowly, a seat in Tipperary, 7677.
Kilmarnock nursery, Ayrshire, 7627.
Kilmore, a seat in Tipperary, 7677.
Kilravock, a seat in Inverness-shire, 7648.
Kimberley Hall, Norfolk, 7554.
Kincardineshire, as to gardening, 7638.
King’s County, gardens of, 7658.
King’s Weston, a seat in Gloucestershire, 7563.
Kingsland nursery, 7518.
Kingston Hall, Dorsetshire, 7598,
Kingswood Lodge, Surrey, 7527.
Kinrosshire, gardens of, 7634,
Kiosque, as an ornamental building, 1807.
Kircaldy nursery, Fifeshire, 7635.
Kirchner, J. F., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1796.
Kirkleatham Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Kirklington Hall, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Kitaibelia, monad. polyan. and malvacee, a H. pe- ren, Hungary, of easy culture, and very prolific in seeds.
Kitchen-garden, formation of, 2381.
Kitchen-garden, its culture and management, 2545; culture of the soil, manure, recent dung, crop- ping, rotation of crops, thinning, thinning stone- fruits, pruning and training, summer pruning, winter pruning, pruning edgings and hedges,
weeding, stirring the soil, protecting, supporting,
shading, earthing, watering, vermin, incidents, accidents, gathering and preserving vegetables, and sending them to a distance, proportioning the quantity of vegetables to be grown, miscella- neous operations of culture and management,
2546. to 2612.
Kitchen-garden, situation, exposure and aspect,
GENERAL INDEX:
extent, shelter and shade, soil, water, form, walls aspect of walls, height of walls, construction of walls, materials of walls, open railings instead of walls, hot or flued walls, cross-walls, of coloring walls, ring-fence, placing the culinary hot-houses and melonry, situation of the melonry, laying out the area, laying out the compartments, making the borders, laying out the walks, laying out the slips, laying out a nursery, or reserve department season for forming a garden, distribution of fruit. trees, selection and arrangement of wall trees sorts, selection, and arrangement of espaliers and dwarf standards, of dwarf standards, distances, of tall standard fruit-trees, fruit-shrubs, choice of _plants, record of sorts, 2382. to 2526,
Kleinhofia, dodec. monog. and malvacee, a S, tr. E. Ind. which grows in light loamy soil, and cut- tings are not difficult to root under a hand-glass in sand.
Kleinia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferezx, a
_S. an. N. Amer. of easy culture.
Kliipful, J—— Alb., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1783.
Kn. Pom., Knoop’s Pomologie.
Knappia, trian. dig. and graminew, a H. an. Wales, a grass of common culture.
Knapweed, centaurea scabiosa.
Knautia, tetran. monog. and dipsacee, a H. bien. and an, Levant, of common culture.
Knawel,— see Scleranthus.
Knife, garden, different sorts of, 1326.
Knight, Joseph. F. H.S., his works on gardening, page 1113. A. D. 1809.
Knight, T. A. Esq. F.R.S., Pres. Hort. Soc., his essays on pine-apple culture, 2924; result, 2935; his works on gardening, page 1111. A. D. 1795.
Knocklofty, a seat in Tipperary, 7667.
Knoop, Jean Herman, his works on gardening, page 1129; A.D; 1771.
Knorr. thes., Thesaurus Rei herbarie, hortensisque universalis. Apud Ge. Wolfg. Knorrii Heredes.
Knot-grass, illecebrum verticillatum.
Knowle, a seat in Kent, 7538.
Knowlsley, a seat in Lancashire, 7589.
Knowltonia, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacex, G. peren. C. B. S. which grow freely in loam peat, and are increased by dividing at the root or by seeds,
Kob, J. And., his work on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1786.
Kochia, pentan. dig. and chenopoder, H. an. Amer. and Siberia, of common culture.
Keeleria, trian. dig. and graminez, H. peren. and bien. Eur. grasses of easy culture.
Koelreuteria, octan. monog. and sapindee, a H. tr. China, which grows well in common soil, and is propagated by layers or cuttings of the roots.
Keenigia, tetran. trig. and polygonee, a H. an. Ireland, of easy culture.
Koérmond, a seat in Hungary, 206.
Kraft, John, his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1792.
Kraft, John Charles, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1810.
Krause, Ch. L., his work on gardening, page 1124. A. D. 1773.
Krause, L. Ph., his work on gardening, page 1123, A. D. 1738.
Krigia, syng. polyg. equalis, and cichoracee, a H. an. N. Amer. of common culture.
Kulzean, or Culzean Castle, Ayrshire, 7627.
Kyle, Thomas, his work on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1785.
Kyllinga, trian. monog. and cyperacee, S, peren. India, grasses of common culture. Kyre Wyre, a seat in Worcestershire, 7566.
L.
Labels for naming plants, different kinds of, 1385, Laborde, Alexander, Count de, his works on gar- dening, page 1121. A. D. 181-.
Laborer’s cottage and garden, what they ought to be, 7294.
Laburnum,— see Cytisus.: Labyrinth, a convoluted, plicated, or otherwise rendered intricate, disposition of walks, separated by hedges or shrubbery, sometimes called a wil- derness, 7264.
Lachenalia, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs, which thrive wel! in loam and peat, or loam and leaf-mould, and are in- creased by offsets or seeds.
oct? ai hil young cuttin glass, Jacken, 4 seat Jactucay lettu racee, bs Jactuca sattvé Ladder, differ Jady-fern, ne Lady's mantle Lady’s slippet Lady's smock no7sca, Sy ahs Lagerstremia E, Ind. whie a splendid pl heat and litt inorease by Cl
Lagetta, octan.|
Jagunea, mond Bourbon, of ¢ Lagurus, hares a Hau. Guel Lair, PA. b AD.[Bl Lakes, how to i
Lalos, I— A.D, 1818. Lam. ill, Tab)
Tamb’s lettuce,— Lambton Hall, D Lamium, archans H, peren,$, Eu amotgnon- Malsh
ing, page 1119. A Janaria, hexan. peren, C. B.S. W
and is incre Lanarkshire, gar Lancashire, ¢
Landridge, a sea Landscay Landscay le materials of, 7] Lang, or L. Pom Langford,— A. D, 1681. Langford Hall, J Langham Cottag Langley, Batty,| A.D, 1798, Langport, Some at, 2654, Lantana, didyn, a an, Ind. and Ar peat, and cuttin, MN sand or moul Lapeyrousia, triar C.B.S. bulbs wk Lappago, trian, ¢ UF, a grass of Lappula, pentan, and an, Amer. psaia, nippley Cee, H. peren, Larch,— see Pin rkspur,—see| tochea, Pentan, ae 5, succuley
Lorvctefacaute. 7; Page 1120, 4 py Serpitium, laser
Te, A. Deren, an
pement of exales al , distancy
Eruit-shrubs, choo in on Chive of and Malvacee, a§ fr, bt loamy w0il, and cut. bot under a Dandolas
and conymbiferee, ture,
HS mtg, page gle,
aminee, 4 Han, Vales, re,
1084,
and dipsacee, a H, bien, 100 culture,
ts of, 1305, nis works on gardening,
5 Pres, Hort Soc, bis ture, 2024; raul, 20; page TILL A.D. 1, erary, 76d],
works on gardening, pipe ei herbarie, borteasique Wolfe, Knorti Heredes, ticillatum
ashire, 75%,
g, and ranunulanee 6, yw freely in oam peat, and gat the roto by set, on. gardening, page I,
nd. chenopodee, HZ an ommon culture graminee, HL per and
cuting of the roots nd polgune@,& HL a nc a aig, page 1 srorks on gardening, po! on gardening, AEE 1, 103 on gardening, Pg? 1, is, and cehornt, 2 culture.
Ayrsbire,(2! A radi PP(0
nis of, 3 ent kinds a, “fh pis works© pit
ia; ast teu ae
Lachnea, octan, monog. and thymelez, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive only in sandy peat, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell- glass.
Lacken, a seat in Westmeath, 7662.
Lactuca, lettuce, syngen. polyg. equal. and cicho- racew, EH. bien. an. Kur, and Amer. of easy culture.
Lactuca sativa, the garden lettuce, 3964.
Ladder, different sorts of, used in gardening, 1456,
Lady-fern, nephrodium thelypteris.
Lady’s mantle,— see Alchemilla.
Lady’s slipper,— see Cypripedium.
Lady’s smock,—see Cardamine.
Lagasca, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferee, a Ss. an. S. Amer. of common culture.
Lagerstreemia, polyan. monog. and salicariz, S. tr. E. Ind. which thrive in peat loam; L. regine is a splendid plant, which requires a great deal of heat and little water in winter; all the species increase by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
Lagetta, octan. dig. and thymelea, a S. tr. Jamaica, which grows in loam and peat, and ripened cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Lageecia, cumin, pentan. monog. and umbelliferee, a H. an. Levant, of common culture.
Lagunea, monad. polyan. and malvacex, a S. an. Bourbon, of common culture.
Lagurus, harestail-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. an. Guernsey, a grass of the easiest culture.
Lair, P. A., his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 181-.
Lakes, how to form or improve in garden scenery, 7217.
Lalos, J——, his work on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1818.
Lam. ill., Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des trois Régnes de la Nature. Botanique; Llus- trations des Genres. Par M. de Lamarck.
Lambertia, tetran. monog. and proteacezx, a G. tr. N.S. W. which thrives well in loam and peat, but is easily injured by over watering; ripened cuttings taken off at a joint, just before they begin to grow afresh, will root in sand under a hand- glass avoiding damp.
Lambray, M——, his works on gardening, page WOE ING ID), tsi lyf
Tamb’s lettuce,—see Fedia.
Lambton Hall, Durham, 7585.
Lamium, archangel, didyn. gymnos. and Jabiatez, H. peren. S. Eur. of easy culture.
Lamoignon-Malsherbes, C. G., his works on garden- ing, page 1119, A. D. 1780._
Lanaria, hexan. monog. and hemodoracee, a G. peren. C. B.S. which thrives in loam and peat, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Lanarkshire, gardens and residences of, 7629.
Lancashire, gardens and residences of, 7588.
Lancashire asphodel,— see Narthecium.
Landbaumeister, 256.
Landridge, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Landscape-gardener, or layer out of grounds, 7404.
Landscape-gardening, 7156; principles of, 7159; materials of, 7195; practitioners of, 7362.
Lang. or L. Pom., Langley’s Pomona,—see Langley.
Langford, 1——, his work on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1681.
Langford Hall, Essex, 7542.
Langham Cottage, Dumfrieshire, 7624.
Langley, Batty, his works on gardening, page 1103. AND 1728:
Langport, Somersetshire, pine and grape stove, at, 2654.
Lantana, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, S. tr. and an. Ind. and Amer. of easy culture in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass in sand or mould,
Lapeyrousia, trian. monog. and iridew, G. peren. C. B.S. bulbs which may be treated as ixia.
Lappago, trian. dig. and graminez, a H. an. S. Eur. a grass of common culture._ j
Lappula, pentan, monog. and boraginez, H. bien. and an. Amer. of common culture.
Lapsana, nipplewort, syngen. polyg. and cichora- cee, H. peren. and an. Eur, of easy culture.
Larch,—see Pinus.
Larkspur,— see Delphinium.‘
Larochea, pentan. pentag. and sempervivee, G. tr. C. B. S. succulents which may be treated as cras-
sula.
Larochefocauld-Liancourt, his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 18—. i= Laserpitium, laserwort, pentan. dig. and umbellife-
ree, H. peren. and bien. Eur. of common culture.
a eee
4 if
GENERAL INDEX. 120!
Laserwort,— see Lasérpitium.
Lasio ampa, or egger-moth, Phalena quercus, L, 7075.
Lasiopetalum, pentan, monog. and sterculiacexr, G, tr. N. Holl. which grow freely in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand- rl¢ cc
S.
Lasteyrie, Comte de, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 181-.
Lataillé-des-Essarts, his writings on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1766.
Latania, Bourbon palm, polyg. moneec. and palmex, aS. tr. Mauritius, which grows in light soil, and requires a strong moist heat.
Latapie,, his work on gardening, page 1118. AD. L771.
Lathrea, toothwort, didyn. angios. and oroban- chee, a H. peren, Brit. ef common culture in loam and peat.
Lathyrus, diadel. decan. and leguminosew, H. pe- ren. andan Eur, of easy culture,— see 4310.
Latimers, a seat in Buckinghamshire, 7547.
Laurel,— see Laurus.
Laurenburg, Peter, his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D. 1631.
Laurentinum, a villa of Pliny, 39.
Laurestine,— see Viburnum.
Laurop, P.—, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 1810.
Laurophyllus, polyg. diaec, and......eeeeereee, a G. tr. C. B.S. which grows in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Laurus, laurel, ennean. monog. and laurince, S. and G. tr. E. Ind. and Amer. which thrive in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass, taking care to avoid damps.
Laurus persea, the alligator-pear, 1521.
Lavandula, lavender, didyn. gymnos. and lJabiatee, G. F. and H. tr. peren. and an. Eur. and Ind. which succeed well in light rich soil, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Lavandula spica, the common lavender, 4183.
Lavatera, monadel. polyan. and malvacee, G. tr. Eur, and Atr. which thrive well in loam and peat, or any light rich soil, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass; most of the species ripen seeds: the H. bien. and an. are of easy cul- ture.
Lavender,— see Lavandula.
Lavender cotton,— see Santolina.
Lavenia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferex, a H. an. E. Ind. of common culture.
Lariviére, de, et M—— Dumoulin, their work on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1769.
Lawn in gardening, a surface of turf or grasses, kept short by frequent mowing, and generally situated near the house.
Lawranny Hall, in Pembrokeshire, 7609.
Lawrence, Anthony, his work on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1677.
Lawrence, John, M. A., his works on gardening, page 1102. A. D. 1714. 5
Lawson, William, his work on gardening, page 1199. A. D. 1597.
Lawsonia, octan. monog. and silicarie, S. tr. Ind. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass
Layer out of grounds,— see Landscape-gardener.
Layers, to propagate by, 1993, 1994.__:
Laying in by the heels, or earthing in(sheuching, Scotch), a temporary earthing or planting, to pre- vent plants taken up for removal or replanting, from suffering between the operations,;
Laying out grounds,—see Landscape-gardening.
La Zenki(or the bath, Polzsh), a royal residence at Warsaw, 281.
Leadwort,— see Plumbago.
Leasowes, Shropshire, 7569.
Leatherwood, dirca palustris. ae
Leaves, their importance in vegetation, 739. to joes et seq.; more especially to bulbs, 6501; to cut- tings, 2065. Bs
Leaves, to ferment for hot-beds, 2860.
Lebeckia, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive well in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass. A é
Lebret, M Isidore, his works on gardening, page 1122. A.D, 1821.
Lechea, trian. trig. and caryophyllee, H. peren. Canada, which grow best in smatl pots of loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings under 4 hand glace!
1202 GENERAL INDEX.
Ledstone Lodge, Yorkshire, 7582,
Ledum, decan. monog. and rhodoracex, H. tr, Eur. and Amer. dwarf shrubs, which grow in peat or sandy loam, and are increased by layers or seeds.
Lee, a seat in Kent, 7537.
Lee Castle, Worcestershire, 7566.
Lee-Chee, dimocarpus litchi.
Lee, James, filius, of the Vineyard, 7518.
Lee, James, his works on gardening, page 1109. A.D. 1760.
Leea, pentan. monog. and meleacee, S. tr. and peren. E. Ind. which grow freely in light loam, and cuttings soon strike root under a hand-glass in heat
Leek,— see Allium.
Leersia, trian. dig. and graminex, a H. peren. and an. Amer. grasses of common culture.
Leeswold, a seat in euDGH ES, 7606.
Lefebre, E A——, his writings on gardenin aoe 1120, A.D. 1801. oy ua e
Leguminous culinary plants, 3596.
Leguminous wild plants, which are edible, 4309.
Lehmann, John Christian, his works on gardening, page 1123. A.D. 1750.
Leibitzxer, J——, his work on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1794.
Leibnitz, his principle of a sufficient reason applic- able to gardening as an art of design, 7164
Leicestershire, gardens and residences of, 7573.
Leith walk nursery, 7618,
Leitrim, county of, as to gardening, 7674.
Leland, John, an English antiquary, who died about 1552.
Lemaistre, M——, curate of Joinville, a French author on gardening, page 1117. A.D. 1719.
Lemarie, Fr——, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A.D. 17—.
Lemna, duck-weed, moneec. dian. and naiadex, H. an. Brit. aquatics which may be treated as calli- triche.
Lemoine, Leonor, his work on gardening, page 1120. A.D. 1801.
Lemon,— see Citrus.
Lemon-grass, andropogon scheenanthus.
Lentil, ervum lens.
Leonharde, F. G. and J. H. Seidel, their work on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1803.
Leonotis, lion’s tail, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, G. tr. and a S. an. E. Ind. and C. B.S. which thrive in light rich soil, and young cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Leontice, hexan. monog. and berberidex, a G. and H. peren. Levant; which grow freely in loam and peat, and may be increased by dividing at the root or by seeds.
Leontodon, dandelion, syngen. polyg. zqual. and cichoracez, H. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Leontodon taraxacum, the common dandelion, 3994,
Leonurus, motherwort, didyn. gymnos. and labia- tee, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Leopard’s bane,— see Doronicum.
Lepechinia, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, a H. peren. Mexico; of common culture.
Lepidium, pepperwort, tetrad. silic. and cruciferex, G. and F. tr. and H. an. Eur. and Amer. of com- mon culture.
Leptanthus, trian. monog. and«s.r ny kee& peren. N. Amer. which thrives in peat soil, and is increased by offsets from the roots.
Leptospermum, icosan. monog. and myrteaceez, G. tr. Austral. which grow well in an equal mixture of sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily in sand under a bell-glass.
Leschevin, C, his works on gardening, page 1121. A.D. 1805.
Lessertia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a G. peren. and an. C. B. S. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are readily increased by cuttings or seeds.
Lestibudesia, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a S.tr. and bien. W. Ind. which grows freely in light, rich soil, and is readily increased by cuttings or seeds.
Lettsom, John Coakley, M.D. F.R.S. his work on gardening, page 1109. A.D. 1781.
Lettuce, 3964.— see Lactuca.
Leucadendron, dicec. tetran. and proteacez, G. fr. C. B.S. which grow best in light loam mixed with more than one third sand, the pots well
cuttings, taken off early in spring 4 joi
in sand under a neglees SEE Pe ale
Leucas, didyn. gymnos, and labiatee, S. an, Ind. of common culture.
Leucojum, snow-flake, hexan. monog. and amaryl: lidez, H. peren. Eur. bulbs of easy culture.
Leucopogon, pentan. monog, and epacridex, G. tr. N.S. W. which thrive in sandy loam and peat and the tops of the very young shoots taken off for cuttings, will root in sand under a bell-glass.
Leucospermum, tetran. monog. and proteacea, G. tr. which may be treated as leucadendron.
Level, different kinds of, 1368.
Levelling, 1931.
Lever, its form and uses in gardening, 1297.
Lewisham nursery, 7536.
Leysera, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, G. tr. C. B.S. which grow freely in peat soil with a little loam, and cuttings planted under a hand- glass in the same kind of soil will root freely.
Lexay de Marnesia, his works on gardening, page 1119, A.D. 1787.
Liancourt, Count de, his palace and gardens, 161.
Liatris, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferex, a G. and H. peren. N. Amer. which grow freely in rich, light soil, and may be increased by seed or dividing at the root.
Licorice,— see Glycyrrhiza.
Licuala, hexan. monog. and palmez, a S. tr. E. Ind. a palm which may be treated like latonia.
Lidbeckia, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, a G.tr. C. B.S. which grows freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in the same soil under a hand-glass.
Liebault, Stephen, his works on gardening, page
115, A.D. 1570.
Liger, Louis, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A.D. 1703.
Light, the importance of, to vegetables, 1594.
Lightfootia, bell-flower, pentan. monog. and cam- panulacez, a G. tr. and peren. Eur. and C. B.S. which grow freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in the same soil under a hand-glass.
Lightoler, J—, his works on gardening, page 1107. A.D. 1766.
Ligne, Prince de, a German soldier and statesman of great personal acquirements, and a favorite at most of the courts of Europe. He published fourteen volumes on miscellaneous subjects, among which are various remarks on gardens, and especially on those of England. He flourished during the reigns of Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catharine II. of Russia, and died at an advanced age at Vienna, in 1814.
Lignum vite tree, guaiacum officinale.
guste lovage, pentan. dig. and umbelliferex,
. peren. Eur. and a bien. of common culture.
Ligustrum, privet, dian. monog. and oleinez, H. tr. Brit. and China, of the easiest culture, and in- creased by cuttings or seeds.
Lilac,— see Syringa.
Lilium, lily, hexan. monog. and liliacew, H. peren. Eur. Amer. and India, bulbs, highly esteemed as border-flowers, 6311.
Lily,—see Lilium.’
Lily of the valley,—see Convallaria.
Lily-pink, aphyllanthes monospeliensis.
Lily-thorn,— see Catesbea.
Limax, the slug, and helix, the snail, to destroy, 2275.
Lime-tree,— see Tilia.
Limerick, gardens of, 7668.
Limeum, heptan. dig. and portulacex, a G. peren. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings under a hand-glass root readily.
Limnetis, trian. monog. and graminez, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. grasses of easy culture.
Limodorum, gynan. monan. and orchidew, a G. peren. Japan, which thrives best in loam and peat and some bits of sticks and stones mixed with it, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Limonia, decan. monog. and aurantee, S. tr. India and China, which grow in loam and peat with some rotten dung; ripened cuttings root in sa..d under a hand-glass in a moist heat.
Limosella, mudwort, didyn. angios. and scrophu- larinee, a H. an. Brit. a marsh plant of easy culture.
Linaria, toad-flax, didyn. angios. and scrophula- rinez, F. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and Amer. which grow freely in common. soil, and the more delicate kinds root readily by cuttings
drained, and over watering avoided. Ripened
under a hand-glass.
gjneolnsi§ integoa rapes, page finder, CN gn, 5 Ut( yulitgows!
Linneall gardenines Linnaeus, ing, page! Linociera which gro root under Linum, 2%| tr, But. and and cuttings under a hal easy culture Lion’s tail,= Jiparia, iad (B.S. Whi little watel under a bel Liquid manul Liquidamber, tr, Amer. ¥ are increast Liriodendron liacee, a 1 soil, and§ from Amer Lisianthus, f and a pete peat, cuthin glass, Lismore, 4 i Lissander, Al 113), A. D.! Lissige, a seat Listera, gynal Brit. which situation,& dividing at Lists and othe lier trees, J Literature of. Lithospermun ginee, H. p ture, Little Aston,§ Jittorella, sho gine, aH, Livermere, a Liverpool bot Lizard’s tail, Llanarth Ho Llanerth Ho Llangard Ca Liantryddyd Lianwern H Loader, an a wich, who in Evelyn’ Loaving,— Tab, ic., Pla Lobelia card Lobelia, pen and F. pere in any ligh the H, pere plants; L. Locke, John, A.D. 1166 Locke Park, Lockington Locust-tree Locust-tree Loddiges, C ing, page Lotiges, tr CBS, loam and sand under efingia, tr Spain, of ¢ Agana, pel Austral, y peat, and under a ha
yin tng at ane Join, roy , any lita g at, Ind, of
hexan, my Sac : in‘i Ge: tue! ida eden f, 1588,
’
in gardening, 199, }
- Super, and cormmbite, srOW freely in peat sol
lings planted under a han. of sil will root freely,
§ Works on gardening, Be
is palace and pardens, 161,; , and corpubiferee, 2 Amer, which grow free i may be increased by sel
rhiza, and palmer, a§ tr. B Id e treated like latonia
yg, super, and corymbife ch grows freely in loam root readily in the same xa
3 works on gardening, n author on gardening pe
of, to vegetables, Ld, r, pentan, monog, ad and peren. Bur at Bi oan and peat, aud it me soil under a hanya orks on gardening
yerman soldier and suet rquiremenss, and a frome s of Burope. He pl on miscellaneous SUF various remarks on gut ose of Boland Hefoutst of Frederick the Great 0 Jot Russi, and died a!
sy
reat di i f pien, of common culture,
| j deine, Ut
ap, ong, a OIE|
f the easiat culture, aol
or sees
mmonog, and ate, i. ie
ia, bulbs pigty ete
H t i>
see Convallant. j
es onospelienss|
ce ines 0 d!
la,
7608, G, pete i le
port i Ae aa
root ral He
all uttif!
GENERAL iNDEX. 1203
Lincolnshire, gardens and residences of, 7577.
Lindegaard, Peter, C,M. H.S., his tract on forcing grapes, page 1115. A.D, 1811.
Lindernia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinez, a H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Linlithgowshire, gardens of, 7632.
Linnea, didyn, angios. and caprifolex, a H. peren. Scot. a trailing plant, which answers well for pots or rockwork; it grows in loam and peat, and strikes freely by cuttings.
Linnean Society, their published transactions as to gardening, page 1110. A. D. 1791.
Linneus, Sir Charles Von,&c. his works on garden- ing, page 1130, A. D. 1739.
Linociera, dian. monog. and oleine, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Linum, flax, pentan. pentag. and caryophyllex, G. tr. Eur. and India, which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass; the H. peren. and an. are of easy culture.
Lion’s tail,— see Leonotis.
Liparia, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, G, tr. C. B.S. which thrive well in loam and peat with little water; and very young tops root in sand under a bell-glass.
Liquid manures, 1162.
Liquidamber, moneec. polyan, and amentacee, H. tr. Amer, which grow in any common soil, and are increased by layers.
Liriodendron, tulip-tree, polyan. polyg. and magno- liacez, a H. tr. N. Amer. which grows in loamy soil, and generally increased by seeds brought from America, which are two years of coming up.
Lisianthus, pentan. monog. and gentianew, S. tr. and a peren. W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, cuttings root readily in sand under a bell- glass.
Lismore, a seat in the county of Waterford, 7665.
Lissander, Andrew, his works on gardening, page 1130, A. D. 1768.
Lissige, a seat in Down, 7683.
Listera, gynan. monan. and orchidex, H. peren. Brit. which grow best in a light soil and shady situation, even under trees, and is increased by dividing at the roots.
Lists and other ties used for fastening wall and espa- lier trees, 1515 and 1519.
Literature of gardening, 7685.
Lithospermum, gromwell, pentan. monog. and bora- ginex, H. peren. and an. Eur. of common cul- ture.
Little Aston, Staffordshire, 7570.
Littorella, shore weed, moneec. tetran. and planta- gine, a H. peren, Brit. an. aquatic.
Livermere, a seat in Suffolk, 7552.
Liverpool botanic garden, 7588.
Lizard’s tail, saururus cernuus.
Llanarth House, Monmouthshire, 7567.
Llanerth House, Denbighshire, 7609.
Lliangard Castle, Merionethshire, 7612,
Llantryddyd, a seat in Glamorganshire, 7608,
Lianwern House, Monmouthshire, 7567.
Loader, av anchorsmith and anabaptist, at Green- wich, who had a fine garden and conservatory in Evelyn’s time, 227.
Loaving,— see Heading.:;
Lob. ic., Plantarum seu Stirpium icones.:
Lobelia cardinalis, fulgens, and splendens, 6459.
Lobelia, pentan. monog. and campanulacea, G. tr. and F. peren. Amer. C.B.S. and Eur. which thrive in any light rich soil, and cuttings root freely; the H. peren. are of easy culture, chiefly as marsh plants; L. dortmanna 1s an aquatic._
Locke, John, his writings on gardening, page 1107. A. D. 1766.
Locke Park, Derbyshire, 7574. a
Lockington Hall, Leicestershire, 7579.;
Locust-tree of America, robinia pseudacacia, 7105.
Locust-tree of the bible, ceratonia siliqua.
Loddiges, Conrad, and Sons, their works on garden- ing, page 1108. A. D. 1777.:
Loddigesia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a G. tr. C.B.S. which grows best in equal parts of sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass.
Leeflingia, trian. monog. and caryophyllex, a H. an. Spain, of common culture.:
Logania, pentan. monog. and gentianex, G. tr. Austral. which‘thrive best in sandy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings may be struck in sand under a hand-glass.
4
Logwood, hamatoxylon campechianum,
Loisleur de Longchamps, M. D. 56; his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D, 181-.
Looking-glass plant, heritiera littoralis,
Lolium, darnel, trian. dig. and graminex, H. peren. and au Eur. grasses of easy culture.
Lomatia, tetran. monog. and proteacer, G. tr. N.S. W. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, taken off at a joint, root in sand under a hand-glass.
Lombardy, gardening of, 82,
Lomonosow, his poem on gardening, page 1131. A Dds:
Lonchitis, cryptog. filices and filicea, a S. peren. W. Ind. a fern of the usual culture.
London and Wise, their works on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1699,
London Horticultural Society, their transactions, page 1114. A. D. 1815.
Longford, county of, as to gardening, 7663.
Longleat, a seat in Wiltshire, 7597.
Longworth, Herefordshire, 7568.
Lonicera, honeysuckle, pentan. monog. and caprifo- lew, F. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer. climbers and twiners, which grow in any common soil, and cuttings taken off in autumn, and planted in a sheltered situation, root readily.
Loose-strife,— see Lysimachia.
Lop(from loop, Dut. or daub, Teut. a leaf), the leaf or tops of trees. To lop, z. e. to cut off the tops of trees,
Lopezia, dian. monog. and onagraree, S. bien. and a H. an. Mex. of common culture.
Lophiola, hexan. monog. and hemodoraceex, a H. peren. N. Amer. which thrives best in a peat soil in moist situations, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Loquat-apple,—see Mespilus
Lorentz,, his works on gardening page 1121. A. D. 1803.
Lotus, birdsfoot-trefoil, diadel. decan. and legu- minosee, G. tr. Eur. and Asia, which grow freely in any light rich soil, and young cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Loudon Castle, Ayrshire, 7627.
Loudon, John Claudius, his works on gardening, page 1112. A. D. 1803.
Loureira, dicec. monad. and....ecccccccceseeey 2 9. EF. Mex. which grows in loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass in heat.
Lousewort,— see Pedicularis.
Lovage, ligusticum levisticum.
Love-apple,— see Solanum.
Love-grass, poa megastachya.
Lowth, county of, as to gardening, 7664.
Luder, Fr. Hm. H.,,shis works on gardening, page
124, A. D. 1768.
Ludwigia. tetran. monog. and onagrarer, a H. peren. and an. N. Amer. marsh plants.
Luffa, monec. pentan. and cucurbitacew, a F. an Indian, of common culture, 1664.
Lullworth Castle, Dorsetshire, 7598.
Lunaria, honesty, tetradynamia siliculosa, and cruciferez, a H. peren. and bien, Germ. of com- mon culture.
Lundie House, a seat in Perthshire, 7636.
Lundric,, a French author on gardening, page 1115. A. D. 1580.
Lungwort,— see Pulmonaria.
Lupin,, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 1820.
Lupinaster, bastard-lupine, diadel. decan. and legu- minosez, a H. peren. Siber. which thrives in light loam, and is increased by seeds.
Lupine,— see Lupinus.
Lupinus, lupine, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, H. and F. peren. and an. Eur. which thrive in light rich soil, and are increased by seeds, or the peren. sorts by pieces of theroots,
Lurgan, a seat in the county of Leitrim, 7674.
Lurgan House, a seat in Armagh, 7682.
Luscombe House, Devonshire, 7600.
Luton Hoo, Bedfordshire, 7549.
Luxembourg, gardens of, at Paris, 161.
Luzula, hexan. monog. and juncee, H. peren. Eur, grasses of easy culture.
Lychnidea,— see Phlox.
Lychnis, decan. pentag. and caryophyllex, G. and ‘H. peren. and an. Kur. and China, of common culture in peat and loam.
Lycium, box-thorn, pentan. monog. and solanea, S. ‘and G. tr. Eur. Afr. and Asia, which thrive in
jak
I ce-” osges»= : ee Frenette
7
OPERAS OCU Se SE SI VON Se OGD ie
1204 GENERAL INDEX.
loam and peat, and ripened cuttings in sand under a hand-glass, root freely.
Lycopodium, club-moss, cryptog. stachyopterides, and lycopodinee, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. bog- plants, which grow in peat soil in pots placed in pans of water, and are increased by suckers or cuttings.
Lycopsis, wild bugloss, pentan. monog. and bora- ginee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Lycopus, water-horehound, dian. monog. and labia- tex, H. peren. Brit. of common culture.
Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Lygeum, trian. monog. and graminee, a H. peren. Spain, a grass of easy culture.
Lygodium, snake’s tongue, cryptog. schismatop- terides and filicee, H. peren. E. Ind. a climbing fern, which grows freely in loam and peat, and may be increased by dividing at the root or by seed.
Lyme Hall, Cheshire, 7590.
Lyon, Peter, his writings on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1813.
Lysimachia, loose-strife, pentan. monog. and pri- mulacee, H. peren. bien. and an,“ur. and Amer. most of them marsh plants, some trailers or creepers, and all of easy culture.
Lysinema, pentan. monog. and epacridee, a G. tr. N. S. W. which grows best in rough sandy peat, and cuttings not too young, planted in sand under a bell-glass, root freely.
Lythrum, dodec. monog. and salicaree, a G. peren. and an. Brit. and H. peren. and an, Brit. and Amer. which grows freely in any rich, light soil, and are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass, hy division at the root, or by seeds.
M.
Maba, dicec. hexan. and dioscoree, a S. tr. E. Ind. wnich thrives well in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass
Mabil,—, his tract on gardening, page 1129. A. D. 1817.
Macaw-tree, cocos fusiformis.
Macdonald, Alexander, a fictitious name adopted by Dr. Dickson as the compiler of a gardener’s dictionary, page 1113. A. D. 1805.
Machines, meteorological, Sikes’s registering ther- mometer, Kewley’s alarum thermometer, auto- maton gardener, 1488. to 1490.
Machines of defence, 1473; scare, bird-trap, bird- net, mouse-trap, garden rat-trap, mole-trap, ear- wig and beetle-trap, wasp and fly-trap, man-trap, humane man-trap, spring-gun, concealed alarum, common gun or musket(from mangon, a warlike machine, used before the invention of fire-arms, or musquet, from mousquet, Fr.), fumigating bel- lows, various means, 1474. to 1486.
Machines of labor, 1440; common wheelbarrow, separating barrow, new ground-work barrow, water-barrow, hand-barrow, barrow watering- engine, curved barrel-engine, self-acting green- house engine, roller, carriage water-barrel, water- ing-roller, hand-spokes, common garden-ladder, rule-jointed ladder, step-ladder, wheel-platform, boat-scythe, grindstone, tree-transplanter, German devil, hydrostatic press, seed-separater, 1441. to
1471.
Machines used in gardening, 1439.
M‘Leish, Alexander, a landscape-gardener, resid- ent in Dublin, 7652.
M‘Mahon, B., his work on gardening, page 1131, A. D. 1806.
M‘Phail, James, his works on gardening, page 1110. A. D. 1794.
Macrocnemum, pentag. monog. and rubiacee, a S. tr. Jamaica, which grows in loam and peat, and strikes by cuttings freely.
Macropodium, tetrad. silig. and cruciferee, a H. peren. Siber. which grows in light, rich loam, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Madder,— see Rubia.
Maddock, James, his work on gardening, page 1110. ASD e192:
Madia, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, a H. an. Chili, of common culture.
Madingley, a seat in Cambridgeshire, oaks
Maadresfield, a seat in Worcestershire, 7566.
Madwort,— see Alyssum.
Macslough, a seat in Radnorshire, 7610.
Magnolia, polyan. and magnoliacee, G.and H. tr.
ation, and are generally increased by layers or seeds; the leaves are large, and must not be cut off when the layers are removed from the stools; — see 6562. 4 Mahernia, pentan. pentag. and tiliacee, G. tr. C.B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and young cuttings taken off at a joint, and planted under a hand-glass, in the same soil, readily strike root. Mahogany,— see Swietenia. Maiden-hair,— see Ceterach. Maiden-nut, justicia malabarica. Maiden-plum,— see Comocladia. Malabar night-shade,— see Basella. Malachra, monadel. polyan. and malvacee, a S. an. W. Ind. of common culture. Malaxis, gynan. monan. and orchidew, H. peren. Eng. and N. Amer. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are increased by offsets from the root or seeds. Malay apple, eugenia malaccensis, 5986. Malcomia, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferee, H. an. Eur. and Afr. of common culture. Mallet, Robert Xavier, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1775. Mallow,— see Malva. Malo, Charles, his work on gardening, page 1122. A. D, 1815. Malope, monad. polyan. and malvacee, a G. bien. and an. Barb. of easy culture. Malpighia, Barbadoes cherry, decan. trig. and mal- pighiacee, S. tr. W. Ind. and Amer. which grow in light loam, and ripened cuttings are not diffi- cult to root under a hand-glass in sand. Malta, gardening of, 506. Malva, mallow, monad. polyan. and malvacee, G. tr. Eur. As. Afr. and H. an. and bien. Eur. which succeed in any light, rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand, or under a hand- glass in any light soil; seeds are also frequently produced.
Mammea, mammee-tree, polyan. monog. and gut-
tiferee. a S. tr. S. Amer. the mammee-tree, 5198.
Mammee-tree,— see Mammea.
Management of gardens, science of, 2334,
Manchineel, hippomane manchinella.
Mandirola,, his works on gardening, page 1118.
A, D.1763
Mandragora, mandrake, pentand. monog. and sola-
new, a H. peren. Levant, which succeeds well in
light, sandy soil, and is increased by seeds.
Mandrake,— see Mandragora.
Manettia, tetran. monog. and rubiacex, a S. tr.
Guiana, which grows in loam and peat, and cut-
tings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Mangifera, mango-tree, pentan. monog. and tere- bintacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. 5996.
Mango-tree, mangifera indica, 5996.
Mangosteen,—see Garcinia.
Manisuris, polyg. moncec. and graminez, S. an. E. Ind. of common culture.
Mansion and offices, their situation, 7249.
Mansion-residences, 7271; their management, 7443.
Manulea, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, G. tr. bien. and an. C.B S. which grow in light, rich soil, and are readily increased by young cuttings planted under a hand-glass.
Manures, 1111; of animal and vegetable origin, 1112; theory of their operations, from land plants, sea weeds, dry straw, inert peaty matter, wood- ashes, animal substances, bones, blood, urine, night-soil, dung of fowls, of cattle, preservation of manures of animal and vegetable origin, 1113. to 1162.
Manures of mineral origin, 1163; theory of their operation, different species, lime, chalk, marl, magnesia, gypsum, ,application of mineral ma- nures, 1164. to 1194.
Maple-tree,—see Acer.
Maranta, arrow-root, monan. monog. and cannee, S. peren. S. Amer. which thrive in light, rich soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Marattia, cryptog. poropterides and filicew, a s. peren. Jamaica, a fern of common culture.
Marble Hill, a seat in Middlesex,7520.
Marble Hill Cottage, Middlesex, 7520.
Marcgravia, polyan. monog. and capparidee, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and roots by cuttings.
Marchant,——, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1701.
Marechal, Pierre Sylvain, his works on gardening, page 1119. A. D. 1780.
Amer. which require a peat soil and a moist situ-
; Mare’s tail,— see Hippuris.
i nd. mos qyjoralll, nn i Market for ¥ 0, Tal Market-gart Market-garte ment, Markham G ~ 1999. A D. Marrubium, I
G. tr. sya and peat, 4 a hand-glas Marsh-mallo Marsh-manig Marsh plants Marshal, Hu 1131. A. Marshal, the age L112. Marshal, W page 1109. Marshallia, s Ff, peren.| and are 10 root, Marsam, Re dening, pe Martagon,— Martagon,= Martyn, Th dening, pa Martynia, d G,an, Al Marvel of Pe Mary-le-bon! Mason, Geor i107, A.D. Mason, the| gardening, Masse, Jeat A.D), S18 Masson de] ing, page Massonia,| CBS little wa seeds, Masterwor Mastick-tr Mat-grass, Materials forming ence, 72! Mathiola, tr. and b increase Matricaria a G, bie culture, Mattisfont Maupin, DY Maurand tr. Me rich sc cuttin es gardeni Mawe, T 1107, A May appl Mayer, 1196, A
| ee i Layers ot
vst not be Ove tm the sil ’
Band tle
% Gtr, aM ate, a young in, and pat under a oH Y Sibert,
2 Basel,
, add malrager, a§, ture,
and orchides, Hera ich grow in sandy lin sed by offets from th
laoenss, 548,
nd cruceree, H, an, Bur, uture,
bis works on garden,
rk on gardening, page
1, and malracee, a te, culture,
sherry, decan, tig, and me Ind. and Amer, whi ipened cuttings are no di. pand-olas in sad,
ii
d polyan, and marae, 6 1H, an, and bien, Bur whi , rich sol, and cuttings ot ass in sand, or under had il; seals ate alo frequeaty
ree, poljal. mong and gl mer, the mammette, 0% Mamma
ns, sciene oh,
ne manctnel,: orks on gardening, pep,
ke, pentand mom, anal ant, which suocees Wel dis ineensel Dy seeds
dra70
weg an aie,& loam an pe, and cll ser abel ga pea, an ler Ind. oh, if
rica,
ti=. ty on an grain sak
ure, ue re aust, mh| a; thet os, ad sop hich grow lth la easel UY young es
i opel iis) | iy ho, plod, a in opie Po" gland 1: vin ffi; theo of et ca chal, is Fic of minet!»
i, ff, 7 4 oat Tree an
N
peas a
a
GENERAL
Marginal banks of water, how to improve,(ee
Margram, a seat in Glamorganshire, 7608.
Marica, trian. monog. and iridex, S. tr. and peren. S. Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by offsets from the roots or seeds.
Marigold,— see Calendula.
Marino, a seat near Dublin, 76593.
Mariscus, trian. monog. and cyperacee, S. peren. E. Ind. mosses of easy culture.
Marjoram,—see Origanum.
Market for seeds in Mark Lane, 7515.
Market for vegetables and fruits in Covent-garden, &ce. 7514.
Market-gardeners, 7396.
Market-gardens, their formation, 7358; manage- ment, 7457; market-gardens of Middlesex, 7517. Markham, Gervase, his work on gardening, page
1099. A. D. 1623.
Marrubium, horehound, didyn. gymnos. and labia- tee, G. tr. and H. peren. Eur. and C, B.S. of easy culture.
Marsden Park, Essex, 7541.
Marsden Park, Surrey, 7528.
Marsdenia, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, a S. and G. tr. Syria and N. 8. W. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Marsh-mallow,—see Althea.
Marsh-marigold,—see Caltha.
Marsh plants, table of, 6522.
Marshal, Humphrey, his work on gardening, page 1131. A. D. 1785.
Marshal, the Rev. Charles, his work on gardening, page 1112. A. D. 1796.
Marshal, William, Esq., his works on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1785.
Marshallia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez,
F. peren. Carol. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings or dividing at the
root. Marsham, Robert, Esq. F.R.S., his writings on gar- dening, page 1105. A. D. 1758. Martagon,— see Fritillaria. Martagon,— see Lilium. Martyn, Thomas, B.D. F.R.S. his works on gar- dening, page 1110. A. D. 1792. Martynia, didyn. angios. and bignoniacee, S. and G. an. Amer. of easy culture. Marvel of Peru,— see Mirabilis. Mary-le-bonne nursery, 7518. Mason, George, Esq., his work on gardening, page 1107. A. D. 1768. Mason, the Rev. William, the poet, his works on gardening, page 1108. A. D. 1772. Masse, Jean, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1766. Masson de Blamont, C. F. P., his work on garden- ing, page 1119. A. D. 1790. Massonia, hexan. monog. and asphodelez, G. peren. C. B. S. bulbs which grow in loam and peat with little water, and are increased by offsets or by seeds. Masterwort,— see Imperatoria. Mastick-tree, pistacia lentiscus. Mat-grass,— see Nardus. f Materials of landscape-gardening, their union in forming the constituent scenes of a country-resid- ence, 7248.: Mathiola, stock, tetrand. silig. and cruciferee, G. tr. and bien. and H. an. Eur. of easy culture, and increased by cuttings and seeds. 4 Matricaria, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferez, a G. bien. and H. an. Eur. and C. B.S. of easy culture. Mattisfont House, Hampshire, 7594. Maupin,—, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1763. Maurandia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, G. tr. Mex. climbers which thrive in any light, rich soil, and are increased by seeds or young cuttings under a hand-glass. Maurice, the Rev. Thomas, M.A. his works on gardening, page 1108. A.D. 1777., Mawe, Thomas, as an author on gardening, page 1107. A. D. 1767. May apple,— see Podophyllum.
INDEX. 1205
Mayer, or Meyer, John, his work on gardening.
page 1124, A. D,.1776.
Mayo, county of, as to gardening, 7673.
Maze,— see Labyrinth.
Mazus, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, F. an.
China, of common culture, 1664.
Meader, James, his works on gardening, page 1108
Jel opayizal
Meadow-grass,—see Poa.
Meadow Promenade, Edinburgh, 7313.
Meadow-rue— see Thalictrum.
Meadow-saxifrage,— see Seseli.
Meager, Leonard, his works on gardening, page
1101. A. D. 1682.
Medeola. hexan. trig. and smilacee, a H. peren.
Virginia, which succeeds best in light soil, and is
increased by dividing the root.
Medhurst, his weighing-machine, preferable for the
gardener’s seed and fruit room, 1702.
Medicago, medick, diadel. decan. and leguminosez,
F. and H. tr. and H. peren. Eur. all of easy cul-
ture, in light soil.
Medick,—see Medicago.
Medikus, Frederick Casimir, his work on gardening,
page 1124. A. D. 1782.
Medlar,— see Mespilus.
Meend Park, Herefordshire, 7568.
Melaleuca, polyad. icos. and myrteaceex, S. and G.
tr. Austral, which grow in sandy loam and peat,
and ripened cuttings not too old will root in sandy loam under a bell-glass.
Melampodium, syngen. polyg. necess. and corym-
biferee, H. an. W. Ind. of common culture.,
Melampyrum, cow-wheat, didyn. angios. and scro-
phularinez, H. an. Eng. of common culture.
Melananthera, syngen. polyg.. equal. and corym-
piferex, a S. bien. and. G. peren. Amer. which
thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Melanthium, hexan. trig. and melanthacee, G.
peren. C. B.S. bulbs which may be treated like ixia.
Melaspherula, triand. monogyn. and irider, a G.
peren. C.B.S. a bulb which may be treated as ixia.
Melastoma, decan. monog. and melastomee, S. tr.
which thrive in loam and peat, require little
water in winter, and young cuttings root readily under a hand-glass in moist heat.
Melburn, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582,
Melchett Park, Wiltshire, 7596.
Melhania, monadel. pentand. and malvacez, S. tr. St. Helena, which grow freely in sandy loam and cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Melia, bead-tree, decan. monog. and meliacez, a S. tr. and G. tr. E. and W. Ind. and Syria, which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Melianthus, honey-flower, didyn. angios. and ruta- cee, G. tr. which thrive in rich, light soil, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely.
Melic-grass,— see Melica.
Melica, melic grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. peren. Eur, and Amer. grasses of easy culture. Melicocca, honey-berry, octan. monog. and sa- pindez, a S. tr. Jam. which thrives best in light loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-
glass in heat.
Melilot, trifolium melilot.
Melilotus, melilot, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, H. bien. and an. Eur. of easy culture, and in- creased by seed.
Melimala(from mel, honey, and malum, an apple), sweet apples, 52.
Melissa, balm, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, a H. peren. S. Eur. 4253.‘
Melittis, bastard-balm, didyn. gymnos. and labiatex, a H. peren. Eur. of easy culture, 4149.
Melochia, monad. pentan. and malvacee, S. tr. and an. W. and E. Ind. which grow in light loam, and cuttings root under a hand-glass in heat.
Melodinus, pentan. dig. and apocynee, a S. tr. N. Caledonia, a climber which grows freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a bell-glass.
Melon,—see Cucumis.
Melon-pit, at Edmonstone, 2685.
Melon-pit, Knight’s, 2684.
Melonry, 2479.
Melothria, trian. monog. and cucurbitacez, a H.
Mayer, Frederick, his Gardener’s Kalendar, page 1126, A. D. 1805.; Mayer, J. F., his works on gardening, page 1124. A. D. 1778.‘: Mayer, J. Jac., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1793.
an. Amer. of common culture.
Melton on the Hill, Yorkshire, 7582,
Melville Castle, Midlothian, 7618.
Mem. Caled. Hort. Scc., Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, page 1113, A. D. 1810.
lel
yA
t
nie Rl
hla ial ea i
1206 GENERAL INDEX.
Memecylon, octan. monog. and santalacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings in sand under a hand-glass root freely.
Menabilly, a seat in Cornwall, 7601.
Menageries of the Paris garden, 7333.
Meniscium, cryptog. filices and filicew, a S. peren. Martinico, a fern of common culture.
Menispermum, moon-seed, moncec. dodec. and menispermex, a H. tr. N. Amer. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.:
Mentha, mint, didyn. gymnos, and labiatexz, a S. peren. and H. peren. Sur. and Asia, of the easiest culture.: rales
Mentha piperita, the peppermint, M. viridis, the spearmint, and M. pulegium, the penny-royal, 4149.
Mentzelia, polyan. monog. and loasez, a S. an. and G, peren. Amer. which grow readily in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- xlass.
Menyanthes, buckbean, pentan. monog. and gen- tianex, a H. peren. Brit. a marsh plant.
Menziesia, octandr. digyn. and rhodoracez, H. tr. Eur. and Amer. which thrive in peat soil, and are propagated by layers.
Mercurialis, dicec. ennean. and ecuphorbiacee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Mercury,— see Mercurialis.
Merevale, a seat in Warwickshire, 7571.
Merionethshire, gardens and residences of, 7612.
Merlet, Jean, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1675.
Merulius destruens, a fungus commonly called the dry rot,—to guard against in timber, 6956.
Merville, a seat near Dublin, 7653.
Mesembryanthemum, fig-marigold, icos. di-pentag. and ficoidee, G. tr. peren. and an, C.B. S. and Austral, succulents of easy culture in loam and lime-rubbish, and the annual species in rather richer soil, 5657,
Mespilus, icos. di-pentag. and rosacee, G. and H. tr. Amer. and kur, which grow in any common soil, and are increased by seeds or by budding on the common thorn, M. oxyacantha.
Mespilus oxyacantha, the hawthorn, 7120.
Mespilus germanica, the medlar, 4465.
Mespilus japonica, the loquat-apple, 5994.
Metrosideros, icos, monog. and myrteacee, G. tr. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cut- tings may be rooted, but not without difficulty, in sand under a bell-glass.
Meum, bawd-money, pentan. dig. and umbelliferez, H. peren. and bien, Eur. of common culture.
Meursius, John, his work on gardening, page 4129. IN 3
. D. 1613,
Mich. Amer., Andr. Michaux, Flora Boreali- Ame- ricana.
Mich. Querc., Histoire des Chénes de 1’ Amérique Septentrionale, par André Michaux.
Michaux, F. A., his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1805.
Michauxia, octan, monog. and ecampanulacee, a G bien. Levant, of common culture.
Michel Grove, Sussex, 7531.
Michelia, tetran. monog. and rubiacee, a S. tr. N. Amer. which succeeds well in light, loamy soil, and ripened cuttings do best under a hand-glass in sand in heat.
Microchloa, trian. dig. and graminexw, a H. an. E. Ind. a grass of common culture.
Microloma, pentan. dig. and asclepiadem, a G. tr. C. B. S. which thrives in loam and peat, and cut- tings root readily in sand under a bell-glass.
Micropus, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferex, H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Middlesex, gardens and country-residences of, 7513.
Middleton Hall, Caermarthenshire, 7614,
Middleton Stoney, a seat in Oxfordshire, 7538.
Midlothian, gardens and residences of, 7618.
Mignonette,— see Reseda.
Mikania, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferea, S. tr. and a G. peren. W. Ind. which grow freely in rich, light soil, and cuttings root readily.
Milburn Tower, a seat near Edinburgh, 7618,
Mildew, 880.
Mile-end nursery, 7518.
Milfoil,— see Achillea,
Milium, millet-grass, trian. dig. and graminez, H. peren. and an. Eur. grasses of common culture.
Milk-parsley,— see Selinum.
Milk.vetch,— see Astragalus,
Milk-wood, brosimum spurium.
Milk-wort,— see Polygala.
Mill. Dict., Professor Martyn’s edition of Phil. Miller’s Gardener’s Dictionary, 4 vols. fol. 1807. Mill. ic., Figures of plants, described in the Gar-
dener’s Dictionary, by Phil. Miller.
Miller, Philip, F. R.S., his works on gardening, page 1103. A. D. 1724.
Milleria, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferez, S. an. S. Amer. of common culture.
Millet-grass,— see Milium.
Milton Abbey, Dorsetshire, 7598.
Mimetes, tetran. monog. and proteacex, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive in two thirds loam and one third sand, with the pots well drained; ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass, care being taken to prevent damping off.
Mimosa, polyg. moneec, and leguminosezx, S. tr. bien. and an. E. and W. Ind. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings of such sorts as do not ripen seed will root, if planted young, in sand under a bell-glass.
Mimulus, monkey-flower, didyn. angios. and scro- phularinee, a G. tr. G. and F. and H. peren. Amer. which thrive in common soil; the woody species is increased by cuttings, and the others by dividing at the root, or by seeds.
Mimusops, octan. monog. and sapotee, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Mint,— see Mentha.
Minto House, Roxburghshire, 7621.
Minuartia, trian. trig. and caryophyllez, H. an. Spain, of common culture.
Mirabilis, marvel of Peru, pentan. monog. and nyc- taginee, G. peren. India, which grow in light rich soil, and will flower well in the open air in summer; but their roots, which are fusiform, must be taken up and replanted next year: they are readily increased by seeds, and are generally treated as half-hardy annuals.;
Mirbel, C. F. Briseau, a celebrated French author on vegetable physiology, 549.
Mirbelia, decan. monog. and leguminosez, G. tr. Austral. which grow in loam and peat, and young cuttings root without difficulty in sand under a a bell-glass.
Miscellaneous articles, flower-stand, basket flower- border, parterre-edgings, earthenware border, bass-mats, prepared coverings, straw-coverings, reed-coverings, protecting bags, feet or shoe- scraper, props for plants, spray or branches, wall- tree nails, lists, mat-ties, oster-twigs, boards and planks, tressels,— see Instruments, Implements, and Utensils, and Structures of gardening.
Miscellaneous articles used in gardening, 1491.
Mistletoe,— see Viscura.
Mistey Hall, Essex, 7542.
Mitchelia, polyan. polyg. and magnoliacez, a H. tr. E. Ind. a diminutive creeper which grows in peat soil, and is readily increased by layers.
Mitella, decan. dig. and saxifragee, H. peren. N. Amer. rockwork plants, which prefer light rich soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Mizauld,——, a French writer on gardening, page 1115. A. D. 1564,
Moat, a seat in the county of Mayo, 7673.
Moccas Court, Herefordshire, 7568.
Meehringia, octan. dig. and caryophyllez, a H. pe- ren. 8. Eur. a rockwork plant, or one well adapt- ed for small pots; it grows in loam and peat, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Meenchia, tetran. tetrag. and caryophyllez, a H. an. Brit. of easy culture.
Moer, M, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1754.
Moist-stove,— see Bark-stove.
Mollet, André, a French author on gardening, page 1115. A, D. 1651.
Mollet, Claude, a French author on gardening, page 1116.. 1652.
Mollia, pentan. monog. and amaranthaceex, a G, tr and an. Canaries, which grow in light soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Mollugo, trian. trig. and caryophyllex, a H. an. Virginia, of common culture.
Molucca balm,— see Moluccella.;
Moluccella, a H. peren. and an. Eur. and Asia, of easy culture.
Momordica, moncec. monad. and cucurbitacez, a H. peren. and F. an. E. and W. Indies, of easy culture in rich soil, and increased by seeds.
Monaghan, county of, as to gardening, 7678.
7621 ss Monmouth ie Monnieria, an, Guia Monotora; Pr Austral. Win drained, and y pell-glass. Monottop4, yell ericine®, 4 gs cuscula. Monsonla, os tr, perel ant ed as pelargo Monteith,—— p, 1819.
Monteith’s timb Montgomerysh Monthly Catal 6741. Monthly Catal 6038. Montia, water- cee, aH, an. Montinia, dice ¢.B.S. whicl cuttings root| Montreuil, a s¢ Paris, 169. Montpelier, A- 11%. A.D. 1 Montreuil, gar Monuments, as Monza, a royal Moon, suppose’ Moon.trefoil, 0 Moonseed,—s Moonwort,—s Moor Park, He Moor Park, Sut Moorfield, a sea Moreea, trian. 1 C.B.S. chiel decayed lea\ growing sta a-year; the Morayshire, 2 Morden Park Mordun(mot More, Sir Th 1104. A.D. More Critche Morea, gard Morel, N— A, D, 1787. Moriarty, Mi dening, pa; Morier, Jam in 1812 and Morin, Pierr 116, A. D. Morina, diar Persia, wh increased| Morinda,» which gr readily in Moris, His, Moris, S. Morli, gard Morter, Fr. A.D. 178 Mortimer, ¢ A.D, 170 Morton Hal Morus, mul tr. and H, Nich soil, Cuttings, Morus gra
L
al hey af TAN, 187
emt f
Miler,“te Gu.
FOrKS on pen' J
8. and cory ulhure rue,
38,
hd. probes 6, thirds loam and op ell rae rhened a& handglas ning of a leguminsea,§, ty, i, Which thrive wel gs of such sorts as do Hated young, in sand
dyn, angi, nd ero. and F, and, yee mmo sl; the Woaty tings, and the thers by seeds,
ud sapotee,§ tr, Ind hd peat, and ripened and under@ hand.glas,
ire, il. id caryophylee, Ha,
, pentan, ono, and nye ia, bic grow in light r well in the open ain ots, which are fasfom, planted met yar they sed and are genealy
iy ated Freneh author
‘id lguminae, 6. tt Joam and peta YUN fil in sud under
verstand, baste forer- x, carthenare bone, eng, strane ng bap, fe or soe say or ranches, Wal ogi, bu and struments, Implements re of aren
in geting
and opines cer With grows
i
i ‘ dining at thea wero pale PE
«of Maya 10?
hire, Oe tr, a pay ihe
atthe 100.( ot ale*:
4 Fe i RE{ii8
bt on gare pt guthot 00 gai pe
sa; yuccel gd AS) ‘a
Monarda, dian. monog. and labiatex, H. peren. of the easiest culture.
Mambhead, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Monetia, tetran. MOnog. aNd«rereeseeeseeerrery a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in sand and peat, and roots in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Money Musk, a seat in Aberdeenshire, 7639.
Moneywort, lysimachia nummularia.
Mongewell, a seat in Oxfordshire, 7558.
Monkey-flower,—see Mimulus.
Monk’s Grove, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Monkshood,— see Aconitum.
gg botanic garden and nursery, Ayrshire, 7627,
Monmouthshire, gardens and residences of, 7567.
Monnieria, diadel. pentan. and«+++ A als an. Guiana, of common culture.
Monotoca, pentan. monog. and epacridee, G. tr. Austral. which grow in loam and peat, well drained, and young cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Monotropa, yellow bird’s nest, decan. monog. and ericiner, a H. peren. Brit. which may be treated as cuscuta.
Monsonia, monad. dodecan. and geraniacea, a G. tr. peren. and a bien. C. B. S. which may be treat- ed as pelargonium.
Monteith,, his work on planting, page 1114. A. D. 1815
Monteith’s timber-measurer, 6970. Montgomeryshire, gardens and residences of, 7611. Monthly Catalogue of Floricultural Productions,
6741.~ Monthly Catalogue of Horticultural Productions, 6038
Montia, water-chickweed, trian. dig. and portula- cee, a H. an. Brit. of common culture.
Montinia, dicec. tetran. and onagraree, a G. tr. C. B.S. which grows well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Montreuil, a seat of the Princess Gremené, near Paris, 169.
Montpelier, A——, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1815.
Montreuil, gardens of, 193.
Monuments, as garden buildings, 1842,
Monza, a royal seat near Milan, 83.
Moon, supposed influence of in gardening, 448.
Moon-trefoil, medicago arborea.
Moonseed,— see Menispermum.
Moonwort,— see Botrychium.
Moor Park, Hertfordshire, 7545.
Moor Park, Surrey, 7528.
Moorfield, a seat in the county of Cork, 7666.
Morzea, trian. monog. and iridex, G. and H. peren.
GENERAL INDEX.
Moschatel,—see Adoxa,
Moss-houses, as garden structures, 1816.
Motherwort,— see Matricaria.
Mould, finely comminuted soil.
Mould-scuttle, mould-basket, 1596. and 1401.
Mount Edgecumbe, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Sie Meredith, a seat in the county of Kerry, 70.
Mount Merrion, a seat near Dublin, 7653.
Mount Stewart, a seat in Buteshire, 7650.
Mountain, Didymus, his works on gardening, page
1099. A. D. 1571.
Mountain ebony,— see Bauhinia.
Mouse-ear chickweed,— Cerastium,
Mouse-tail, myosurus minimus.
Mousetrap of the planter, 7027.
Moving plant, hedysarum gyrans.
Mowing, 1891.
Moyle’s Court, Hampshire, 7594.
Moyra, or Moira Castle, in Downshire, 7685.
Moxard,——, his works on gardening, page 1122.
A. D, 1815.
Mudwort, limosella aquatica.
Muegwort, artemisia vulgaris.
Mulberry,—see Morus.
Mulching, 2098.
Mule’s fern, asplenium hemionitis.
Mulgrave Castle, Yorkshire, 7582.
Mullein,—see Verbascum.
Miiller, J. C. F., bis works on gardening, page 1125.
Ax DPLISE
Miiller, J. G., his works on gardening, page 1125.
AS D797.
Mullera, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a S. tr.
Guiana, which grows in loam and peat, and cut-
tings root in sand under a bell-glass in heat.
Muncaster House, Cumberland, 7593.
Miinchausen(Monk-house), O. F. Von, his work
on gardening, page 1124. A. Ds Adil.
Munich, royal gardens of, 213; public gardens at,
7318.
Munliguis, Abraham, his work on gardening, page
1129, A. D. 1672.
Muntingia, polyan. monog. and tiliacee, a S. tr.
which grows well in light loam, and cuttings root
in sand under a hand-glass.
Murr. com, goett., Commentarii Societatis Regie
Scientiarium Gottingensis.
Murray, Sir Alexander, his works on gardening,
page 1104, A. D. 1732.
Murraya, decan. monog. and aurantez, a G. tr.
India, which grows best in turfy loam with a
little peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under
a hand-glass.
Musa, plantain-tree, hexan. monog. and musacee,
S. tr. Ind. and China,which grow in rich loam, kept
C.B.S. chiefly bulbs which grow in loam and a moist, and require a great deal of room; they are
decayed leaves, require no water when not ina fresh potted once increased by suckers.
growing state, and should be a-year; they are increased by offsets and seeds. Morayshire, as to gardening, 7641. Morden Park, Surrey, 7527. Mordun(more done), a seat near Edinburgh, 414.
More, Sir Thomas, his works on gardening, page
1104. A.D. 1732. More Critchet, a seat in Dorsetshire, 7598. Morea, gardening and botany of, 511. Morel, N—, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1757 Moriarty, M dening, page 1115. A. D. 1803.:; Morier, James, author of two journeys 1n Persia in 1812 and 1818, 466. Morin, Pierre, a French 1116. A. D. 1658. Morina, dian. monog. ab; Persia, which grows in rich:light soil, and may b increased by dividing at the root or by seed. Morinda, pentan. monog. which grow in loam an readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Moris. His.? Rob. Morison, Historia Plantarum Mylocaryum, buckwheat-tree, decan. monog. and
Moris. S. Universalis Oxoniensis. J:: a Morli, gardens of, in Derbyshire, 320. eriacee, a H. tr. which thrives well in loam and Morter, Fr. Jos., his works on gardening, page 1124. peat, requires. protection in winter, and ripened AD: List cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand. Mortimer, John, his work on husbandry, page 1101. Mynadoc Castle, Stirlingshire, 7631.; iy, Myoporum, didyn. angios- and myoporinee, G. tr.
A. D. 1707. pine Morton Hall, Midlothian, 7618.
Morus, mulberry, moneec. tetran. and urticee, a S.
rs. Henrietta Maria, her works on gar-
d dipsacee, a G. peren.
and rubiacee, S. tr. Ind. of the eas d peat, and cuttings root
Musa paradisiaca, the common plantain-tree. 6011.
Musa sapientum, the banana-tree, 6012.
Musca, the fly, a dipterous insect, 2266.
Muscari, grape-hyacinth, hexan. monog. and aspho- dele, H. peren. S. Eur. bulbs of easy culture.
Musche,———> his works on gardening, page 1129. A. D, 1817.
Museum Rusticum, a periodical work on gardening, page 1106. A. D. 1764.
Mushroom,—see Agaricus.
Mushroom-house, 1693.
Musseenda, pentan. monog. and rubiacez, a G, tr. China, a climber which grows well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a
>
author on gardening, page bell-glass.
Mustard,— see Sinapis. Mustel,—— his work on gardening, page 1119.
e A. D. 1784. Myagrum, tetrad silic. and cruciferee, H. an Eur.
jest culture.
under a hand-glass.
creased by cuttings in sand under a hand-glass.
tr. and H. tr. Ind. Italy, and Amer. which prefer| Myosotis, I rine, H. peren. and an. of the easiest culture.
rich soil, cuttings. Sage Morus nigra, the garden mulberry, 4596.
oman lee scence ieee. Se
and are increased by seeds, layers, or
lacee, a H. an. Brit. of common culture.
4H 4
—
. cere tao ar eS AG sume a eS an POT
ee =; a
Myginda, tetran. tetrag. and rhamnez, S. tr. which grow in loamy soil, and cuttings will root in sand
which grow in loam and peat, and are readily in- scorpion-grass, pentan. monog. and bora-
Myosurus, mouse-tail, pentan. polyg. and ranuncu-
eg nt inst nh Nt i
1208
Myrica, candleberry-myrtle, dice. tetran. and amentacee, G. tr. C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a bell- glass; the Hi tr. Brit. and Amer. prefer a moist peat soil, and are annually increased by seeds or layers.
Myriophyllum, water-milfoil, monec. polyandr. and naiadee, H. peren. Brit. aquatics increased by seeds.
Myristica, the nutmeg, dicec. monad. and myristi- cee, S. tr. Ind. which grow in light loam, and have as yet been little propagated.
Myrodia, monadel. polyan. and malvacee, a S. tr. W. Ind, which grows readily in light, rich soil, and cuttings root readily in sand under a bell- glass.
Myrrh,— see Myrrhis.
Myrrhis, myrrh, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, a H. peren. Brit. of easy culture.
Myrsine, polyg. dicec. and myrsinacee, G. tr. C. B.S. evergreens which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Myrsiphyllum, hexan. trig. and smilacez, G. peren. C. B.S. climbers which thrive in loam and peat, and are increased by division at the root.
Myrtus, myrtle, icos. monog. and myrteacez, G. tr. Eur. and W. Ind. which grow freely in rich loam, and are increased by cuttings; M. tomen- tosa requires the heat of a dry stove, and the cuttings, which must not be too old, will root under bell-glasses,
N.
N. Cours,&c., Nouveau Cours complet d’ Agricul- ture,&c. page 1120. A.D. 1790..
Nails and other fastenings for wall-trees used in gardening, 1514.
Nairnshire, as to gardening, 7642.
Nama, pentan. dig. and convolyulacee, a S. an. Ja- maica, of common culture.
Nandina, hexan. monog. and berberidex, a G. tr. China, which thrives well in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened! will root in sand under a hand-glass.
Nannaw, a seat in Merionethshire, 7612.
Napzea, monad. polyan. and malvacee, H. peren. Virginia, which grow freely in common soil, and are increased by seeds or dividing the roots.
Naravelia, polyan. polyg. and ranunculacee, a S.
tr. Ceylon, a climber which grows in loam and peat, and young cuttings planted thinly in a pot of sand, will root under a hand-glass.
Narcissus, hexan. monog. and amaryllidee, H. peren. Eur. bulbs of common culture:— the daffodil narcissus, the white narcissus, the jonquil, and polyanthus narcissus, 6294.
Nardus, mat-grass, trian. monog. and graminez, H. peren. Eur. grasses of easy culture.
Narthecium, hexan. monog,. and asphodelee, H. peren. Brit. and Amer. of easy culture in peat soil.
Naseberry-tree, achras sapota, var.@. zapotilla.
Nasturtium, tetrad. siliq. and crucifereze, H. peren. and an. Eur. two of which are aquatics, and the whole of easy culture.
Nasturtium officinale, the common water-cress,
52.
Native or neglected fruits which might be cultivated and improved, 4764.
Nauclea, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, a S. tr. Ind. which grows well in loam and peat.
Nauenburgia, syngen. polyg. segr. and corymbi- feree, a H. an. S. Amer. of common culture.
Navelwort,— see Cotyledon.
Navestock Hall, Essex, 7542.
Neal, aseat in the county of Mayo, 7673.
Neale, Adam, his Orford catalogue, 7588.
Neatness, its importance in gardening, 2531. Yectoux,———, his work on gardening, page 1120, A.D. 1791.
Veil, Patrick, Esq., secretary to the Caledonian Horticultural Society, his writings on gardening, page 1114. A.D, 1821.
Nelumbium, sacred bean, polyan. polyg. and hydro- charidez, S. peren. India and Carolina, aquatics increased by seeds, and dividing at the root, 6729.
Nemesia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, G. peren. and an. C. B.S. which grow in any light
GENERAL INDEX.
rich soil; and young cuttings planted under a
Ruane eee, will soon strike root. eottia, gynan. monan. and orchid W. Ind. which thrive best in loam and See little water, and the plants are increased by divid- ing at the root.
Nepenthes, pitcher-plant, a S. peren. China, an aquatic, as yet scarce in British gardens,
Nepeta, catmint, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, H. peren. Eur. of the easiest culture,
Nephelium, moneec. pentan. and corymbiferez, a S, tr. E. Ind. which grows in light loam, and cut. tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Nephrodium, kidney-fern, cryptog. filices and fili- cex, S. and H. peren. ferns of common culture,
Nerium, oleander, pentan, dig. and apocynee, G, and 8. tr. Eur. and Ind. which thrive in light, rich soil, and cuttings root readily in sand plunged under a hand-glass in a moist heat,
Netting, for shelter, 1512.
Nettle,— see Urtica.
Nettle-tree,— see Celtis.
Nettleworth, a seat in Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Neuenhahn, K. Ch. Adf., his work on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1796.
New Cross nursery, Deptford, 7536.
New-ground workmen,— see Contracting Gar- deners.
New Jersey tea,—see Ceanothus.
New Tarbat, a seat in Ross-shire, 7647.
New Zealand tea, leptospermum scoparium.
Newbattle Abbey, Midlothian, 7618,
Newbrook House, a seat in the county of Mayo, 7673.
Newby Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Newliston, a seat in Linlithgowshire, 7632.
Newpark House, a seat in the county of Mayo, 10/3,
Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Newton, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Newton, a seat in the county of Tipperary, 7667.
Newton Hall, Durham, 7584.
Newton House, a seat in Caermarthenshire, 7614.
Newen Mount Kennedy, a seat in Wicklow, 654,
Newows Park, a seat in the county of Dublin, 7653.
Nicandra, pentan. monog. and solanez, a H. an. Peru, of common culture.
Niches, in arboriculture, 1813.
Nicker-tree, guilandina bonduc.
Nicol, Walter, his works on gardening, page 1112. A.D. 1798.
Nicotiana, tobacco, pentan. monog. and solanacee, a G, tr. and peren. and H. an. America and China, which thrive in any light soil, and are readily increased by seeds.
Nigella, fennel-flower, polyan. pentag. and ranuncu- lace, H. an. Eur. and Syria, of common culture.
Nigella sativa and arvensis, as culinary plants, 4335.
Nightshade,—see Solanum.
Nipplewort,— see Lapsana.
Nissolia, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, a S. tr. S. Amer. which thrives in sandy loam, and cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand- zlass.
Niraria, dodec. monog. and ficoidez, a H. tr. Si- beria, which thrives best in sandy loam, with some salt occasionally put round it, being a salt marsh plant; it may be increased by layers or cuttings under a hand-glass in sand,
Nivenia, tetran. monog. and proteacez, G. tr. and a peren, C. B.S. which grow in soft loam, peat, and sand, the pots well drained and placed in any situation; ripened cuttings taken off at a joint without shortening their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a cool shady situation.
Noisette, Mons. Louis Claude, his works on gar- dening, page 1121. A.D. 181-.
Nolana, pentan. monog. and boraginez, a H. an. Peru, of common culture.
Nolina, hexan. trig. and melanthacez, a H. peren. Georgia, which thrives in peat soil, and is in- creased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Nonsuch Park, Surrey, 7528.
Norbury Park, Surrey, 7527.
Norfolk, gardens and residences of, 7553.
Normanton House, Rutlandshire, 7579.
Norris, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
North, his tracts on gardening, page 1105, A. D. 1759.
North Berwick House, East Lothian, 7619.
Northamptonshire, gardens and residences of, 7580
and Icre seeds. Nurseries, 7505: of Nursery, P! 7468. Nursery£0 ; and mana Nursery for Nursery 84! Nut-bearing Nut-tree,= Nutmeg—! Nuttwell, a Nyctanthes, E Ind. ¥ cuttings, a hand-g Nymphaea, charidee, aquatics Nyssa, tupe XN, Amer. prefer a ¢ layers OF|
Oak,—see Oakley Gr Oakley Park (aks, a seat Oat,—see 4 Oatlands, 5 hs. Mod.| dem Gar Ochna, pol tr. EB. In and peal glass, Ochroma, Amer. cutting Ochrus, Eur. of Ochterty Ockenden 1103, 4 Octomer: ’. In treatm Ocymum and an ture In Ocymum {74
Oil-nut, Oily gra Oily pall Okeham Olafsyn, A.D,
Old man Oldentan
in ima ve Meine ae
8 ate,
i patiay” al MS, and Lai
ule lbiee H And ormaifee 3 ht an, a big” atl of common cals ay i lure, mich thrive in
6, ead) in sand a ist heat, a
ili Ns Fo Mk 0 pang, nt, 156, se Contetiog Cun nothus, site, TUM Spari, lan, 7, in the county cf May,
theowehie, 7 in the county of May,
Caerarthentie il, ay, a get in Wik,
nthe uty of Dut, g, and sone,& Ha 1813,
end,; wa aden, page 1 moog, and Sane,
of Han, Amer and n any ght ila ar
li,
yan. penta and rat Syria, of umn cu. aj culinary plats 2
um. ma ii an gun,>
vx in sndy Lou oj in san unter pat
and jie, 4 +in§ dy loa, wD tin et) if man
ff at 2 J Y i root in sa i
gy situatio: hady§ aa
sola 14 ts yporks 00&
ast,’"
ta ‘t oe gage I
(Ou af vg[oi as eens of,
a
GENERAL
Northcourt House, Hampshire, 7594. Northumberland, gardens and residences of, 7586. Northwick, Worcestershire, 7566.
Norwich, celebrated for its florists, 7553.
Notelza, decan. monog. and oleinee, G. tr. Aus- tral. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand.
Notoceras, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferee, a G. an. Canaries, of common culture.
Notre, Mons. Le, a celebrated French landscape- gardener and architect, 163.
Nottinghamshire, gardens and residences of, 7576.
Nouv, El. de Bot., Reichard’s Nouveau Elémens de la Botanique.
Novar, a seat in Ross-shire, 7647.
Nuneham Courtenay, Oxfordshire, 7558.
Nunnery, a seat in Cumberland, 7593.
Nuphar, polyan. monog. and hydrocharidee, H. peren. Eur. and Amer. aquatics of easy culture, and increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds.
Nurseries, publics of Middlesex, 7518; of Surrey, 7525; of Kent, 7536.
Nursery, public, its formation, 7335; management,
5
7468.
Nursery for trees, its formation, 6973; culture and management, 6982.
Nursery foreman, 7381.
Nursery gardeners or nurserymen, 7399.
Nut-bearing fruit-trees, 4732.
Nut-tree,—see Corylus.
Nutmeg— see Myristica.
Nuttwell, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Nyctanthes, dian. monog. and jasminee, a S. tr. E. tnd, which grows freely in loam and peat, and cuttings, not too ripe, root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Nymphea, water-lily, polyan. monog. and hydro- charidee, S. and H. peren. Eur, and E. Ind. aquatics.
Nyssa, tupelo, polyg. dicec. and santalacee, H. tr. N. Amer. which thrive in common soil, but prefer a damp situation; they are increased by layers or seeds.
0.
Oak,—see Quercus.
Oakley Grove, Gloucestershire, 7565. Oakley Park, Shropshire, 7569. Oaks, a seat in Surrey, 7528.
Oat,— see Avena.
Oatiands, Surrey, 7528. Mo-
Obs. Mod. Gard., Wheatley’s Observations on dern Gardening. Ochna, polyan. monog.
and peat, and cuttings glass.
Ochroma, monad. Amer. which grow freely cuttings root in sand unde
Ochrus, diadel. dec Eur, of common culture.
Ochtertyre, 2 seat in Perthshire, 7636.
Ockenden,——; 1103. A. D. 1770.
Octomeria, gynan. monan. W. Ind. a parasite, W treatment as aérides.
Ocymum, didyn. gymnos. and an. ture in light,
Ocymum basil 4174.
QGédera, syngen. polyg. segr.@ tr. C. B.S. which grows in any cuttings root readily under a hand- glass.
GEnanthe, water-dropwort, p liferee, a G. peren. and C. B.S. of easy culture, and increased by seeds.
CEnothera, octan. Mmonog. ¢ bien. and an. Amer. of common culture.
Offsets, to propagate by, 1988.
Oil-nut, hamiltonia oleifera.
Oily grain,— see Sesamum.
Oily palm, elais guinecnsis.
Okeham Park, Surrey, 7528.
r a hand-glass.
rich soil, as tender annuals.
and guttiferez, a S. and G. tr. E. Ind. and C. B.S. which grow freely in loam root in sand under a hand- pre
pentan. and malvacee, S. tr. in loam and peat, and Operations,
an. and leguminose®, a H. an.
Esq., his work on gardening, page
and orchidez, a S. peren. hich requires the same
and labiatee, S. tr. bien. trial and H. an. Ind. and China, of easy cul-
icum and minimum, the sweet basil, remoy
and corymbiferee, a G. light soil, and
entan. dig and umbel- peren. Eur. and
and onagraree, H. peren.
ks on gardening, page 1130.
INDEX.
peren. and an,
ture.: Olea, olive and phi
G. and H. tr. Eur. and and peat, and ripened cuttings root freely in sand
under a hand-glass.
1209
E. and W. Ind. of common cul-
llyrea, dian. monog. and oleine, C. B.S. which grow in loam
Olea europea, the common olive, 5958.
Oleander,— see
Nerium.
Oleaster,—see Eleagnus.
Olive,— see Olea.
Olive bark-tree, bucida buceras.
Olive-wood,— see Oliveria, pentan.
V. Ind. a grass Ombersley Court, Omphalea, mon S. tr. Jamaica, cuttings root in care being taker
Oncidium, gynan.
en. Ind. which aérides.
Eleodendrum. dig. and umbelliferee, a H. an.
Bagdad, of common culture. Olyra, moneec. trian.
and graminez, a S. peren. of easy culture. Worcestershire, 7566.
cec. monadel. and euphorbiacee, a
which grows in light loam, and sand under a hand-glass in heat, 1 not to injure the leaves.
monan. and orchidee, S. per- require the same treatment as
Onion,— see Allium.
and Amer. feri
seeds or youn
Onosma, pentan. and H. peren best in rich, li tings under ha Onosmodium, Pp H. peren. N. onosma.
Operations of ga Operations, lab«
ing with the
Operations, lab
watering,&c.
elevations, P paper or me
gardens, fanc
designs to irr continuous li 1926, to 1933. Operations for
faces, drawi surface-drail
tom, head, sl
Operations of offsets, slip
Olafsyn, Olaf, bis wor A. D.1770. Old man’s beare Oldenlandia, tetran.
1,— see Geropogon. monog. and rubiacex, 4
wire-layers, S.| stools, Chi
Ononis, rest-harrow, nose, G. tr. and peren. thrive in loam and pe
digging, shovelling,
hoeing, raking, scraping, beating, rolling, sifting,&e. cutting, clipping, Operations in W‘ strength, 1894; transferring designs to paper or memory,
forms of surface, irregul ssed surfaces, delineating by g
views, general views, transferril
pendiculars, angl line, centre of three points, polyg
Operations of gardening;
and correction, solid measure, 1935. to 1959.
Operations for carry ing surface encumbrances, smoothing sur-
water, removal of earth, forming
ficial surfaces; walks, form 0
bark, leaves, preparation, ashes, composts, composts for particular plants, compe
1970. to 1984.
suckers, layers, twisting,
Oniscus asellus, the wood-louse, 2273. Onoclea, cryptog. filices and filice
e, H. peren. Eur. 1s of common culture.
diadel. decan. and leguimi- Eur, and C. B. 8. which at, and are increased by g cuttings under a bell-glass in
sand. Onopordum, cotton-thistle, syngen. polyg. zequal. cynarocephalee, i common culture. Onopordum acanthium, 3960.
H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of
monog. and boraginee, a G. peren. _ Br. and S. Eur. which succeed ght soil, and are increased by cut- nd-glasses in sand.
entan. monogyn. and boraginee, 2 Amer. which may be treated as
rdening, 1853.; mechanical, lifting,
carrying, drawing, pushing,&c. 1856. to 1861.
yrious, on the soil, 1862; picking, excavating, levelling, mark- line, trenching, ridging, forking, sweeping, wheeling, 1863. to 1881.
orious, with plants, 1882; sawing, splitting, mowing, weeding, 1883. to 1893.
hich skill is more required than from ground dimensions of simple objects, ar figures, raised and de- round-lines only, circular profiles, bird’s-eye &c. 1895. to 1912.
vg figures or designs from mory to plain surfaces, 1914; per- es, ovals, gardener’s oval, a spiral ons, polygonal iful figures, 1915. to 1924. transferring figures and egular surfaces, 1925; straight lines, nes, curved lines, level lines,&c.
rotiles,
the arrangement of quantities, by by measure superficial, by
ing designs into execution, 1940;
ng off water by under-drains, by is; forming excavations for retaining the bed or bot- ; surfaces to imitate nature, arti- f their surface, weeds, resistance of walks to animals, to weather, 1941. to 1968. Operations, s for fermenti
uice
cientific processes, 1969; preparations
ng substances, stable-dung, tanner’s formation of beds, liquid manures, mould-composts, yst-ground,
propagation, 1985; by seed, by bulbs, s, division of the plant, runners, ringing, piercing, and layering trees in the open garden,
nese layering, inarching, grafting,
/
t
a Sa— i sda ae‘
theories of whip-grafting, cleft-grafting, crown- grafting, side-gratting, saddle-grafting, shoulder- grafting, Toot-grafting, terebration(terebratio, at. a boring with a wimble), stocks, free-growing stocks, dwarfing-stocks, scions, grafting-clay, bud- ding, shield-budding, HA desea 3 reversed, scollop-budding, budding with double ligatures, stocks for budding, instruments and materials for, 1986. to 2062. Operating for propagating by cuttings, 2063; choice, preparation, insertion, and management, 2064. to 069.
Operations of rearing and culture, 2070.
Operations in sowing and planting, sowing, patches,
~ broad-cast, planting, and watering, 2071. to 2078.
Operations in transplanting, 2079; preparation of the soil, removal of the plant, inserting, spade- planting, hole-planting, trench-planting, trench- ing-in planting, slit-planting, holeing-in planting, drill-planting, bedding-in planting, furrow- planting, dibble-planting, trowel-planting, plant- ing with balls, planting by mudding-in, panning, mulching, edgings, verges, turfing, transplanting in pots, shifting, 2080. to 2109,
Operations in pruning, 2110; for promoting the growth and bulk of a tree, for lessening the bulk of a tree, for modifying the form of a tree, to form dwarf standards, concave dwarfs, convex or coni- cal dwarfs, horizontal dwarfs, spiral dwarfs, fan dwarfs, distaffs, natural dwarfs, pruning half and entire standards, pruning trees on walls or espa- liers, pruning for blossom-buds, pruning for the enlargement of the fruit, for adjusting the stem and branches to the roots, for renewal of the head, for curing diseases, pruning roots, pruning herbaceous plants, seasons for pruning, summer pruning, 2111. to 2139.
Operations in training, 2140; object of training, modes of training trees with flexible stems, fan- training, horizontal training, horizontal training with screw stem, oblique training, perpendicular training, stellate training, open fan, wavy or cur- vilinear training, performing the operation on walls, shreds and nails, herbaceous training, 2141. to 2155. ft
Operations in blanching, 2156; by earthing, by tying together the leaves, by overlaying, by covering with utensils, 2157. to 2160,
Operations for inducing a state of fruitfulness, 2161; laying bare the roots, cutting the roots, notching the stem, partial decortication, stripping off pieces of the bark, ringing, renewal of the soil, bending down the branches, application to herbaceous plants, 2162. to 2175.
Operations for retarding vegetation, 2177; by the form of surface, by shade, by the ice-cold room, 2178. to 2180.
Operations for accelerating vegetation, 2181; by the form of surface, by shelter, by soil, by pre- vious preparation of the plant, by inducing a state of rest, by housing, by artificial heat, by flued walls, by glass cases, by hot-beds, by walled pits, by hot-houses, temporary emplacement in hot- houses, permanent, 2182. to 2200.
Operations to imitate warm climates, 2201; general management, green-house, dry-stove, bark-stove, watering, insects, 2202. to 2205.
Operations of protection from atmospherical in- juries, protecting by fronds and_ frond-like branches, by straw-ropes, nets, canvass or bunting screens, mats, straw, and litter, oiled paper-frames, protecting ropes, transparent covers, transparent screens,&c. 2206. to 2218.
Operations relative to vermin diseases, and other casualties of plants, 2219; kinds of vermin, hu- man enemies, brute vermin, quadrupeds, feather- ed enemies, insects, coleoptera, hemiptera, le- pidoptera, neuroptera, hymenoptera, diptera, aptera, worms, slugs, 2220. to 2275.
Operations relative to subduing vermin, 2276; in- sect vermin, preventive operations, palliative operations, destructive operations, 2277. to 2285.
Operations relative to diseases and other casualties, 2286. to 2288.
Operations of gathering, packing, preserving, and Keeping, 2289; gathering fruits and seeds, pre- serving heads or leaves, roots, fruits, ripe fruit, pears, and apples, sweating fruit, preserving seeds, roots, cuttings, grafts, roots,&c. 2290. to 2321.
Operations relating to the final products derived of gardens and garden-scenery, vegetable products, fruits, seeds, roots, stems and stalks, leaves,
1210 GENERAL INDEX.
Operations of superintendence and man,
2334; head gardener’s duties, keeping seen time-book, cash-book, forest-book, produce-book. weather-book, register of temperature of hot. houses, of the open air, record of the growth of plants, reading-library, 2335. to 2354.
Operations for the beauty and order of garden- scenery, 2355; order, propriety, decorum, neatness importance of the profession of a gardener,&c. 2356. to 2373, Aaee
Opercularia, tetran. monog. and nyctaginee, a G. tr. N.S. W. which thrives in loam and peat, una cuttings root freely in sand undera hand. glass.
Ophioglossum, adder’s tongue, cryptog. stachyop- terides and filicee, a S, and H! peren. Brit. W. Ind. ferns of common culture.
Ophiopogon, snake’s beard, hexandria monogyn. and smilacee, a F. peren. Japan, which grows In sandy loam and peat, and is increased by di- viding at the root.
Ophioxylon, polyg. monec. and apocynee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Ophrys, gynan. monan. and orchidex, a G, peren. and H. peren. Eur. and Barbary, which succeed best in a mixture of loam, peat, and chalk broken small; the best time to transplant them, as well as most other orchideous plants, is when they are growing: they are increased by seeds, which should be sown as soon as they are ripe.
Oramore Castle, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Orange,— see Citrus.
Orangery, ornamental, its construction, 2171; for producing fruit, 5928.
Orchard, formation and planting of one subsidiary to the kitchen-garden, 2527; site, manure, screens, selections of kinds, age of plants from the nursery, temporary and final distances, cul- ture of the soil, of standard fruit-trees, only situation and soil, sorts, age of the plants, de-
’ sign for one to surround a kitchen-garden, 2568. to 2544.
Orchard, general culture and Management of, 2613; manuring, cropping, watering, staking and protecting, mulching and clothing the stems, pruning aged trees, season of pruning, insects and diseases, gathering and storing orchard fruits, pears, packing orchard and other fruits for carriage, general culture and management, 2614. to 2643,
Orchardists, 7395.
Orchards, commercial, their formation, 7455. and 7463; management, 7463.
Orchis, gynan. monan. and orchidee, G. and H. peren, Eur, and Amer. which may be treated like ophrys, only they donot require chalk mixed with the loam and peat.
Order, its importance in gardening, 2356.
Orford Hall, a seat in Lancashire, 7588.
Origanum, marjoram, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee,
G. and F. tr. and H. peren. Eur. which grow in
loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a
hand-glass.
Origanum onites, marjorana,&c., the garden mar-
jorams, 4162.
Orkney and Shetland Islands, as to gardening,
7645.
Ormiston, a seat in East Lothian, 7619.
Ormosia, decan. monog. and leguminosez, a§, tr.
W. Ind. which thrives well in loam and peat, and
is increased by cuttings in sand under a hand-
glass; or seeds from the West Indies will vege- tate freely.
Ornithidium, gynan. monan. and orchidee, a S.
peren. W. Ind, a parasite which may be treated
as aérides.
Ornithogalum, star of Bethlehem, hexan. monog.
and asphodelez, G. T. and H. peren. Eur. C. B.S.
bulbs of easy culture.£
Ornithopus, bird’s foot, diadel. decan. and legumi-
nosez, a H. peren. and an, Eur. of common cul-
ture.
Ornitrophe, octan. monog. and sapindee, S. tr. E.
and W. Ind. which prefer a light loam, and cut-
tings root in sand under a hand-glass.,
Ornus, flowering-ash, dian. monog. and oleinee,
H. tr. Italy, which grow in common soil, and are
increased by seeds or budding, or grafting on the
common ash, fraxinus excelsior.
Orobanche, didyn. angios. and orobanchee, H.
peren. Brit. parasites which root in the soil, and
flowers, barks, woods, entire plants, 2323. to 2333.
afterwards attach themselves to, and root into
nose®y Hs PY Qrobus tuberos y Orontivm, bp Amer. and and are nC ine,— Se Ortegias triad. fur. W ich t root freels a rthopogo”s Od of comm rice, he ia, ol&
ysbeck, E+ voyage to Ch Osbeckia, octal Ceylon, of& Osier,— 82° hy Osmites, SYDEe a G, tr UB: soil, and ct glass. Osmunda, cry Hoperen. All a lore senfelder, oh A.D.J Ossington Hall Osten, Van, his 1703. Osteospermum, piferee, 6. f osmides. Osterton House Ostrya, hop-hor tacee, H. tr. any soll, al ers, Oswego tea,— Osyris, poet's( G, tr, S, Eur. ripened cut) glass, Otaheite chestn Otaheite myrtle Othonna, ragwo biferer, G. a grow I ally freely under Otto, Frederich garden, Ber Owston, a seal Ox-eye,—see Ox-eye daisy, Ox.lip, Ox-tongue,— Oxalis, wood. acee, G, a culture, Oxalis acetos Oxford botan Oxfordshire, Oxyanthus,| Sierra Leot and peat, al glass, Oxybaphus, v nyctagines, grow in loan cuttings un Oxycoccus, ¢ S. tr. and} peat soil, a Ox ycoccus Oxylobium, Austral,| and young glass, Oxystelma, S, peren. I peat, and hand-glass Oxytropis, peten, and soil, and ar
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GENERAL
other plants. The common broom-rape, an. major, may be sown or planted at the root of the common broom, spartium, and the others at the roots of such plants as they are seen to affect in their wild state.
Orobus, bitter vetch, diadel. decan. and legumi- nosez, H. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Orobus tuberosus, the tuberous-rooted bitter vetch,
Orontium, hexan. monog. and aroide, H. peren. Amer. and Japan, which grow in light sandy soil, and are increased by division at the root.
Orpine,— see Telephium.
Ortegia, trian. monog. and caryophyllee, H. peren. fur. which thrive in light rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Orthopogon, trian. dig. and graminez, a S. tr. W. Ind. of common culture.
Oryza, rice, hexan. dig. and graminez, a S. an. Ethiopia, of easy culture as a marsh plant.
Osbaston, a seat in Derbyshire, 7574.
Osbeck, P. A. Toreen, and Captain Eckeberg, their voyage to China, page 1130. A. 10} yAle
Osbeckia, octan. monog. and melastomee, a S. bien. Ceylon, of common culture.
Osier,— see Salix.
Osmites, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbiferea, a G. tr. C. B. S. which grows well in light rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand- glass.
Osmunda, cryptog. schismatopterides and filicee, H.peren. Amer. Brit. and C. B. S. ferns of common culture, 1678.
Ossenfelder, H. A., his works on gardening, page 1124. A. D. 1771.
Ossington Hall, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Osten, Van, his works on gardening, page 1129, A.D. 1703.
Osteospermum, syngen. polyg. necess. and corym- biferee, G. tr. C. B. S. which may be treated as osmides.
Osterton House, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Ostrya, hop-hornbeam, monec, polyan. and amen- tacee, H. tr. Italy and N. Amer. which grow in any soil, and are increased by seeds or lay- ers.
Oswego tea,— see Monarda.
Osyris, poet’s cassia, dicec. trian. and santalacex, a G. tr. 8. Eur. which thrives in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- glass.
Otaheite chestnut, inocarpus edulis.
Otaheite myrtle, securinega nitida.
Othonna, ragwort, syngen. polyg. necess. and corym- biferee, G. and F-. tr. and peren. C. B.S. which grow in any light, rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Otto, Frederick, C. M. H.&., inspector of the botanic garden, Berlin, 219.
Owston, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582.
Ox-eye,—see Buphthalmum.
Ox-eye daisy, chrysanthemum leucanthemum,
Ox-lip,— see Primula.
Ox-tongue,— see Picris.
Oxalis, wood-sorrel, decandr. pentagyn. and gerani-
acee, G. and H. peren. Cc. B. S. bulbs of easy
culture. x Oxalis acetosella, the common wood-sorrel, 4075.
Oxford botanic garden, 7557.|: Oxfordshire, gardens and residences of, 7558.
INDEX.
de
Pachysandra, moneec. tetran. and euphorbiacee, a
H. peren. N. Amer, which succeeds well in any common light soil, and increases freely by suckers from the roots.
Packbush,§. T., his works on gardening, page 1123
A. D. 1695.
Packenham Hall, a seat in Westmeath, 7662. Paddock, puddock, or purrock, a country term,
originally applied to a small space enclosed by pales from a park, for hounds to run matches in, now generally applied to the small grass enclosures commonly attached to a park, or kept in the hands of the resident on the demesne.
Pederia, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, a D. S. tr. China, a climber which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily.
Peonia, peony, polyan. dig. and ranunculacee, the Chinese tree-pxony, a F. tr. China, with numer- ous varieties, thrives in any rich, light soil; and ripened cuttings slipped off, and planted in the ground in a shady place, without cover, will root freely. The H. peren. Eur. requires a deep, rich, loamy soil,— see 1639.
Peony,— see Pxonia.
Pain’s Hill, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Paisley manufacturers, their gardens and florists’
meetings,&c., 7628.
Palavia, monad. polyan. and malvacee, a H. an.
Peru, of common culture.
Palisade(padissade, Fr.), any fence of pales, a paling;
the term is generally used when an ornamental
paling is intended.
Palissy, Bernard de, a French author on gardening,
page 1115. A. D. 1563.
Pallasia, syngen. poly. frustran. and corymbiferex,
a G. tr. Peru, which thrives in any rich, light
soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Palma Christi,— see Ricinus.
Panax, polyg. dicec. and aralee, S. tr. Amer. and China, which thrive well in light loam, and cut- tings root readily in sand under a hand.glass; the H. peren. grow in similar soil, and are increased by seeds, or dividing at the root.
Pancratium, hexan. monog. and amaryllidee, S. and G. peren. and H. peren. Eur. Amer. and India, which grow in light loam and vegetable mould, with little water when not in a growing state. They are increased by seeds and suckers.
Pandanus, screw-pine, dicec. monan. and pandana- cee, S. tr. Ind. and N.S. W. which thrive in loamy soil; but rarely produce growths which admit of removal for propagation.
Panic-grass,— see Panicum.
Panicum, panic-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, S. tr. and bien. and H. peren. and an, Ind. Amer. and Eur. grasses of common culture.
Pannage, a law term signifying the feed which swine or cattle may derive from the mast, acorns, or herbage of woods.
Panning, forming a pan or saucer-like hollow round newly planted trees, to receive and retain water, 2098.
Panshanger, a seat in Hertfordshire, 7544.
Panton House, Lincolnshire, ESTE
Papaver, poppy, polyan. monog. and papaveracee,
. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Papaw-tree,— see Carica.
Oxyanthus, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, a S. tr.
Sierra Leone,[which thrives well in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root 10 sand under a hand-
glass.
Oxybaphus, umbrella-wort, triand. monogyn. and and an.§. Amer. which
grow in loam and peat, and are increased by young
nyctaginee, S. peren.
cuttings under a bell-glass in sand. Oxycoccus, cranberry, octan. monog
peat soil, and moist situation.: Oxycoccus macrocarpus and palustris, 4708.
Oxylobium, decan. monog. and leguminosez, G. tr. Austral. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root 1n sand under a hand-
glass.
Oxystelma, pentandria digynia and asclepiadex, a S. peren. E. Ind. which thrives well in loam and
. and ericee, a S tr. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer. which require a
Paper mulberry, morus papyrifera.
Papilio, the butterfly, a lepidopterous insect, 2251.
Papilio machaon, 6194.
Parasitic hardy shrubs, 6588.
Parasitic exotics, their culture and management, 6736.
Parasitic plants, such as root into other living plants, and derive their nourishment from them; some root into the stem or branches, as viscus, the mistletoe; others attach themselves to the root, as hypocistus; some of the epidendre and aéride will grow either on living or dead trees.
Pardanthus, trian. monog. and iridez, a G. peren. China, a bulb which may be treated as ixia.
Parham, a seat in Sussex, 7531.
Pariana, moncec. polyan. and graminee, a S. tr. Cayenne, which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root in sand under a bell-glass.
peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a I j‘; t Parietaria, pellitory, poly. moneec. and urticee, a S.
hand-glass. Oxytropis, diadel.
peren. and an.
soil, and are readily increased by seeds.
eZ orton a Titer neciestO
decan. and leguminosee, H. Eur. which prefer a light sandy
peren. and an. and H. peren. Eur, and India, of
easy culture in light soil. | Paris, octan. tetrag. and smilacex, a H. peren. Brit.
‘which prefers a shady situation in a light sandy loam, and is increased by seed. Park, in gardening, a portion of forest-like scenery attached to a country-house, and devoted to the growth of timber, the harbor of game, deer, or the pasturage of cattle,&c. Park. par, J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole, Paradisus terrestris.
Park Place, Berkshire, 7561.
Parkinson, John, his works on gardening, page 1099.
A. D, 1629.:
Parkinsonia, decan. monog. and leguminosezx, a S. tr, W. Ind. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass,
Parkyns, G. J., his works on gardening, page 1113. A. D. 1805.
Parnassia, grass of Parnassus, pentan. tetrag. and capparidea, H. peren. Brit. and Amer. marsh plants which thrive best in moist peat soil.
Paronychia, pentan. monog, and amaranthacee, G. peren. Eur. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass; the H. peren. and an. prefer the same soil, and are increased by cuttings or seeds.
Parsley,— see Apium.
Parsley piert, alchemilla aphanes,
Parsnep,— see Pastinaca.
Parterre(F7.), an even or level piece of ground; a flower-garden,— see Flower-garden.
Parterre edgings, 1500.
Parthenium, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbife- ree, a H. peren. and an. W. Ind. and Amer. of common culture.
Pascalia, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbiferez, Chili, which grows best in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass,
Paspalum, trian. dig. and graminee, S. and H. W. Ind. and S. Amer. grasses of easy culture.
Pasque flower,— see Pulsatilla.
Passerina, sparrow-wort, octan. monog. and thy- melee, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive best in sandy peat, and cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand.
Passiflora, passion-flower, monadelph. pentand. and passifloreee, S. and G. tr. climbers, free growers, and easily managed; they thrive best in loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily in heat under a bell-glass.
Passiflora quadrangularis, and other fruit-bearing species, 6003.
Passion-fiower,— see Passiflora.
Pastinaca, parsnep, pentan. dig. and umbelliferez, H. bien. and a peren. of common culture,
Pastinaca sativa, the garden parsnep, 3723,
Patée d’oye, or cross patée Woye,(heraldry,) a cross with the crosslets spreading like duck feet, as in the Maltese cross,—a form of planting avenues, &c., 6813.
Patersonia, monadel. trian. and iridex, G. peren, N. S. W. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Paulet,» his works on gardening, page 1120. F\510), 1A}
Paullinia, octan. trig. and sapindee, S. tr. W. Ind. which succeed in light loam, and cuttings root best in sand in bottom-heat under a hand-glass.
Paultons, seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Pavetta, tetrandria monogynia and rubiacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which thrives best in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Pavilion, a regal residence in Brighton, 7533.
Pavonia, monadel. polyan. and malvacee, S. and G. tr. and S. an. E. and W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and root readily in sand under a hand-glass: most of the species produce abund- ance of seeds.
Pawlosky, an imperial seat near Petersburgh, 258.
Pea,— see Pisum.
Peach-house, its construction, 2664; general cul- ture and management of, 3063.
Peach-gatherer, 1354.
Peach-tree,— see Amygdalus.
Pear-gatherer, 1355.
Pear-tree,—see Pyrus.
Pearlwort,— see Sagina.
Peat-earth shrubs, their culture, final situation, 6569.
Pectis, syngen. polygam. super. and corymbiferee, S. an. W. Ind. of common culture.
Pedalium, didynam. angios. and pedalinee, S. an. E. Ind. of common culture.
Pedicularis, lousewort, didyn. angios. and scro-
1212 GENERAL INDEX.
Amer. which succeed best moist situation, and are Peel Hall, Cheshire, 1590. Peganum, dodec. monog. and rutacez, Eur. which thrive in rich, light soil root freely under hand-glasses,
Pekra, a seat near Moskwa, 262.
Pelargonium, stork’s hill, monadelph. heptan. and geraniace, G. tr. peren. and an C. B.S. and some S. tr. and peren. all of easy culture in any rich, light soil, the succulent sorts well drained and not overwatered, 6601.
Pelée, M. de St. Maurice, a French author on gardening, page 1116. A. D, 17~.
Peliosanthes, hexan. monog. and.......+..... S. peren. E. Ind. which grow best. in rich loam, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Pelleport-Saune, M——, his work on gardening, page 1122. A.D. 1813,
Pellitory,—see Peltaria.
Peltaria, tetrad. silic. and cruciferez, Austral. of common culture.
Pembrokeshire, gardens and residences of, 7609. Pena, tetran. monog. and Jasmine, G, tr. C. B.S. which thrive in loam and peat, with the pots well drained, and young cuttings root without diffi-
culty under bell-glasses in sand.
Pendarves, a seat in Cornwall, 7601.
Penguern, a seat in Flintshire, 7606.
Penicillaria, poly. moncee. and graminee, aS. and H. an. E. and W. Ind. of common culture.
Pennisetum, trian. dig. and graminee, H. an. Eur. and Ind. grasses of the easiest culture.
Pennycuick House, Midlothian, 7618.
Pennyroyal, mentha pulegium.
Pennywort,—see Hydrocotyle.
Penpont, a seat in Breconshire, 7613.
Penrhyn Castle, Caernarvonshire, 7604.
Penrice Castle, Glamorganshire, 7608.
Penshurst, a seat in Kent, 7538.
Pentapetes, monadel. dodec. and malvacee, a S. tr. and a bien. Ind. and N. Spain, which grow freely in light, rich soil, and cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Penthorum, decan. pentag. and sempervivee, a
- peren. Virginia, which grows freely in light, sandy soil, and is readily increased by dividing at the root, or by young cuttings under a hand- glass.
Pentre, a seat in Pembrokeshire, 7609.
Pentstemon, didyn. angios. and bignoniacee, a F. tr. and H. peren. N. Amer. which grow in light, rich soil, and succeed well in pots. Cuttings root freely under hand-glasses,
Pentzia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez, a G. tr. C. B.S. which thrives well in any rich,
light soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-
glass,
Peplis, water-purslane, hexan. monog. and sali-
caree, a H. an. Brit. a marsh plant of easy
culture.
Pepper,— see Piper.
Pepper Harrow, a seat in Surrey, 7528.
Pepper-vine, cissus stans.
Pepperwort,— see Lepidium.
Perdicium, syngen. poly. super, and corymbiferez, a H. peren. Siberia, which grows in rich, light
soil, and is increased by dividing at the root:
Perfect, Thomas, his works on gardening, page 1105. A. D. 1759.
Perforated piers, piers for fruit-tree walls, the pro- jecting parts of which are perforated to admit of
training the shoots through the pier, instead of
stopping them there, or bending them over it. It is_an ingenious mode, but the rounded pier
(1572. fig. 246. a), where practicable, is to be
preferred, as more readily admitting the taking
down and replacing of the branches at the prun- ing season.
Pergularia, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, S, tr. E.
Ind. fragrant climbers which succeed well in
loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand
under a hand-glass,
Perilla, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez, a H. an.
India, of common culture.
Periploea, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, a G. and
H, tr. Syria and the Canaries, which grow freely
in common soil, and are increased by layers or
cuttings.
Periwinkle,— see Vinca.
Perotis, trian. dig. and graminee, aS, an. E. Ind,
of common culture.
) in peat soil and a mcreased by seeds,
H. peren. » and cuttings
a H. peren.
phularinee, F. and H. peren. and an. Eur, and
Pers.,Christian HenryPersoon’s Synopsis Plantarum.
perth nurs
Perths Fie 5,
Pestle, 157
tom taloste Pe_ perell: soil, and root. peter,# peter, J AD ih ye, UCD Peery 1810 petershall; Petiver!s ne W(nd. W cuttings; , i petrea,° Vera(rut and peats glass in bi Petre, Robi and great Miller,— Petrocallis, Pyrenees; in peat, ¢ glass.
Detraphili : N W,
Petrow ka, Petworth I Peucedanl pellifereé mon cultt Phaca, bast minosee, mon gar Some of rock wor! Phalena q Phalangiu peren.§ and are Phalaris, ¢ H. peren of easy ¢ Phallus ¢ Pharnaceu and G.| thrive 1
in the s Pharus, Jam. Phaseolt nosee
and A
may| Phaseol
to for
Thlates y Me te tings
2Y Cuture Mt sorts yl tang
Fe author(y
toy 8
fey ere, Mth loam, and ay Oat, So
NOK 0 gardening
Uifere lett, 2H. peren
reaienes oT
ea, ith the ots yl i Took Without diff. i
n, nd praminer,@§ and oman culture , Han, Bu, sist culture,
ian, 7618,
sed by dicing at cuttings under 2 han.
of realy wner& Mal
ara, nny, a sil. , mat plant of€8)
ey,
yf ald enrymbiet orows i rth bgt iy ings the rot
rks. gues pa
al, the.
pl
dit of
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fi them oret| andad pet
i not
: ile, 18 to be
C20)
hich suceeee 00k readily a
aries, » pres”
\
Persian gardening, 459,
Persicaria, polygonum persicaria.
Persoonia, tetran. monog. and proteacex, Gitr. N.S. W. which thrive in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Perth nursery, 7635. Perthshire, gardens anc Peschelius,——, his works on gardening, ASS 1597. Petalostemum, diadel. pentan. and leguminosee, H. peren. N. Amer. which thrive in light, rich soil, and are increased by seeds or dividing at the root
Peterl 254.
Peterkin, Joshua, his works on planting, page L131. A. D. 1790.
Peters, Richard, his work on gardening, page 1131. A. D. 1810.
Petersham Lodge, Surrey, 7527.
Petiveria, heptan. monog. and chenopodee, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow well in light, rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Petrea, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, a S. tr. Vera Cruz, a climber, which thrives well in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass in heat.
Petre, Robert, Lord, an accomplished nobleman and great encourager of gardening in the time of Miller,—see Ingatestone.
Petrocallis, tetrad. silic. and cruciferez, a H. peren. Pyrenees, a rockwork plant, which grows well in peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand- glass. Petrophila, tetran. monog. and proteacee, Gatr.
N. W. S. which may be treated as protee.
Petrowka, a seat near Moskwa, 261.
Petworth House, Sussex, 7532.
Peucedanum, sulphur-wort, pentan. dig. and um- bellifereee, a G. bien. and H. peren. Eur. of com- mon culture.
Phaca, bastard vetch, diadelph. decan. and legu- minosee, H. peren. Eur. which succeed in com- mon garden soil, and are increased by seeds.
Some of the dwarfer kinds are well adapted for
rockwork or growing in pots.
Phalena quercus, the egger-moth, 7075.
Phalangium, hexan. monog. and asphodelee, 1e6 peren. S. Eur. which thrive in rich, light soil, and are readily increased by dividing the root.
Phalaris, canary-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. peren. and an. Eur. Egypt, and C. B. S. grasses
of easy culture.
Phallus esculentus, the morel, 4343.
Pharnaceum, pentan. trig. and caryophyllee, a s. and G. tr. and H. an. Eur, and C. B.S. which thrive in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root in the same soil under a hand-glass.
Pharus, moneec. hexan. and graminee, a S. peren. Jam. a grass of easy culture.
Phaseolus, kidneybean, diadel. decan. and legumi- nose, S. peren. and an. and H. an. Asia, Amer. and Africa, which thrive in light, rich soil, and may be propagated from cuttings or seeds.
Phaseolus vulgaris, the common kidneybean, 3629 5 to force kidneybeans, 3367; soil, sorts, sowing, culture, time of beginning to force, tempera- ture, successional supplies, forcing in a hot-house, insects, forcing in a peach or cherry house, ina common hot-bed, crop raised under glass to fruit in the open garden, crop raised on slight heat, 3368. to 3380.
Pheasantry, 7247.
Phellandrium, water-hemlock, pentan. digyn. and umbelliferee, a H. bien, Brit. an aquatic which may be sown in pots and placed in the aquarium, or the seeds scattered in any pond.
Philadelphus, syringa, icos. monog. and myrteacex, H tr. Eur. and Carolina, shrubs of easy culture.
Phillips, Henry, his works on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1820.
Q
1 residences of, 7635. page 1128.
ioff, an imperial residence near Petersburgh,
Phillips, Leonard, jun., nurseryman, his works on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1814.
Philoxerus, pentan. Monog. and amaranthacee, 4 S. tr. and peren. Amer. which thrive well in rich soil, and are readily increased by cuttings.
Philydrum, dian. monog. and juncee, aS. tr. China, of common culture.
Phillyrea, olea alaternus.
Phieum, catstail-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of common culture.
Phlomis, didyn. gymnos. and labiateze, H. tr. and
peren. Eur. which. prefer a light, dry soil, and
a ag h ee ar aL ce MM nena
GENERAL INDEX.
are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass or se
Phlox, lychnidea, pent. monog. and polemoniacee, H. peren. Amer. mostly border-flowers, whic prefer a ric or dividing at the roots.
Phenix, date-palm, dicec. trian. and palmee, a Ss. tr. and G. tr. Levant, C. B.S. and E. Ind. which require
Phoenix Park, Dublin, 7653.
Phormium lee, a G. peren. ING light, rich soil, and isi
roots. Phryma, didyn. gymn
and cuttings root freely glasses.
Phrynium, monan. E. Ind. which thrive in rich, light soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Phylica, pentandr tr. young cuttings root rea
sand. Phyllanthus, moneec. mon tr. and an. chiefly W. Ind. which succeed well in
loam and peat, an under a hand-glass. Phyllis, pentan. dig.
Phylloma, hexan.
Physic-gardeners,} Physic-nut,— see Jatropha.
Physic or herb gardens, their forma Phyteuma, ramp
Phytolacca, dodec.
Piaranthus, pentan. monog. S. tr. C
eds.
h loam, and are increased by cuttings
a light soil, and are increased by seeds. , flax-lily, hexan. monog. and asphode- Zeal. which thrives in any nereased by offsets from the
os. and labiatez, a H. peren. Amer. which thrives well in rich, light soil, in sand under hand-
monog. and cannee, S. peren.
ia monogynia and rhamnee, G.
r. C. B.S. which grow best in sandy peat, and dily under a bell-glass in
ad. and euphorbiacee, S. d cuttings root freely in soil
and rubiacee, a G. tr. Canar. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root
in sand under a hand-glass. monog. and asphodelee, a S. tr.
Bourb. which thrives well in sandy loam, requires very little water, and is increased by suckers.
Phys. des Arb., Duhamel sur le Physique des Ar-
bres. Physalis, winter cherry, pentan. monog. and sola-
nee, S. and G. tr. and H. peren. and an. chiefly N. Amer. which thrive well in rich, light soil, and are increased by young cuttings under a hand- glass or by seeds.
herbalists, or simplicists, 7464. tion, 7360. ion, pentan. monog. and campa- nulacee, a G. peren. and H. peren. and a bien. chiefly Europe, which thrive in rich, light soil, do well in pots, and are increased by dividing at the root: the garden rampion Is a campanula. decag. and chenopodee, S. tr. As. Afr. and Amer. which thrive well in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings or seeds.
x, and asclepiadew, a
C. B. S. a succulent which grows in 1 old lime rubbish, and sand well adily increased by cuttings. his work on gardening, page
loamy soil witl drained, and re
Picciuoli, Giuseppe, 1198. A. D. 1783.
Pick and pick-axe, 1296.
Picking, 1863.
Picramnia, dicec. pentan. Anti pepe Da ee Jam. which thrives in loamy soil, and large cut- tings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Picridium, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, a H. peren. and an. France and Barb. of common culture..
Picris, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracex, H. peren. and an. chiefly Europ. of common cul-
cioides, hawkweed-like, ox-tongue,
ture. Picris hiera' 4291. Picton, a seat in Pembrokeshire, 7609. Pierard, Charles Francis, his work on gardening, 1122. A. D. 1820. Piercefield, a seat in Monmouthshire, 7567. Pierre, Louis de, his works on gardening, page 1108. A. D. 1772. Pigeon-house,— see Columbarium. Pigeon-houses of Persia, 466 Pigott, Richard, his work 01 _D. 1820. Pilewell House, Hampshire, Pilewort, ficaria verna. >|Jwort, pilularia globulifera. Pilularia, pillwort, cryptog. hydropter. and marsi- leacez, a H. peren. Brit. an aquatic of common
culture.
Pimelea, dian. monog- and thymelex, G. tr. Aus- tral. which thrive best in sandy peat, and young cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Pimpernell,— see Anagallis. Pimpinella, purnet-saxifrage,
page
n gardening, page 1114. 7594.
pentan. dig. and um-
an
ee-
belliferee, H. peren, and an an. cIfiefy Europ. which grow in rich, light soil, and are increased by seeds. Pimpinella anisum, the anise, 4219, Pinckneya, pentan. monog. and rublacee, a F. tr. Georgia, which grows in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass. Pindemonte, Ippolito, his works on gardening, page 1129. A. D, 1817. Pine-apple, 514.— see Bromelia.
Pine-tree,— see Pinus.
Pinery, its construction, 2645; general culture and Management, 2697. k
Pinguicula, butterwort, dian. monogyn. and lenti- bularew, a G. an. Carolin. and H. peren, Europ. which grow naturally in swamps, and succeed in pots of any species of sphagnum, with a little peat at the bottom, like drosera; they are increased by offsets from the heart of the plant, and from seed.
Pinguicula vulgaris, the common butterwort, 4320.
Pink,— see Dianthus,
Pinkie House, East Lothian, 7619.
Pinus, the pine-fir and larch, moneec. monad. and coniferez, aS. tr. Amboyna, G. tr. E. Ind. and H. tr. Eur. and Amer.; the S. species succeed in light, loamy soil, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will root, though not readily, in sand under a hand-glass; the G. species require the same soil, and roots more freely; the H. species grow in light soil, and are commonly increased by seeds.
Pinus abies, the spruce-fir, and other firs in com- mon cultivation, 7058. to 7067.
Pinus cedrus, and P. larix, the cedar-larch, and common larch, 7051. and 7053.
Pinus sylvestris, the Scotch or wild pine, and the other pines in common cultivation, 7040.
Piper, pepper, dian. trig. and urticez, S. tr. chiefly climbers, peren. and an. W. Ind. mostly succu- lents which grow in sandy loam and peat, and are readily increased by cuttings and suckers,
Pipewort, eriocaulon septangulare,
Piqueria, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez, a G. peren. Mex. which grows freely in any light, rich soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand.
lass.
Piscidia, Jamaica dogwood, diadel. decan. and legu- Minosez, a S. tr. W. Ind. a strong fast-growing plant in sandy loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand. glass,
Piscinary, 1767.
Pisé, or en pisé,(en pire or en pis, in the worst man- ner, that is, as a last resource,) a mode of building mud walls, 1564,
Pisonia, heptan. monog. and nyctaginee, S. tr. W. Ind. and a G. tr. Austral. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Pistachia-tree,— see Pistacia.
Pistacia, dicec. pentag. and terebintacee, G. tr. Barb. and H. tr. S. Eur. the G. species grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass; the H. tr. are rather tender, but grow in common soil, and are increased by layers or cuttings under a hand-glass in sandy soil.
Pisum, pea, diadelph. decan. and leguminosex, a H. peren. Eng. and-H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Pisum maritimum, the sea-pea, 4309.
Pisum sativum, the garden-pea, 3597; to force the pea, 3393.
Pit, a structure with a glass cover or roof, used as a habitation for plants. Earth-pit, bark-pit, flued
pit, M‘Phail’s pit, Alderstone pit, pit with rising frame, West’s pit,&c. 1540. to 1544.
Pit, in the conservatory, the bed of earth in which the trees are planted, occupying the principal part of the area of the house.
Pit of a stove or hot-house, an excavation in the moist or bark-stove for containing fermentable materials in order to supply bottom heat.
Pitcairnia, hexan. monog. and bromelez, S. tr. W. Ind. and S. Amer. which flower freely in light, rich soil, and are increased by suckers from the
1214 GENERAL INDEX.
Plane-tree,— see Platanus.
Plank-plant, bossiaa scolopendrium.
Planner(Scotch), a maker of plans,— see Horticul- tural Architect.
Plans for improving country-residences, 7364; how to form, 7364; important uses of, 7569; how to carry into execution, 7370,
Plans of gardens and garden objects, how to form 1895; to transfer them to ground, 1913; to exe. cute them, 1940,
Plant. grass., Histoire des Plantes Grasses. Par A. P. Decandolle.
Plant packing-case, different sorts of, 1404,
Plantago, plantain, tetran, monog. and plantaginee, a G. tr. and bien. C. B.S. and H. peren. and an. clieay Eur, all of very easy culture in common soil.
Plantago Coronopus, star of the earth, 4315,
Plantain,— see Plantago.
Plantain-tree,—see Musa.
Plantations, neglected, to improve, neglected hedge. rows, hedge-row timber, neglected ornamental plantations, 6914. to 6924.
Plantations, ornamental, their formation, 6852; form, extent, disposition, general form, situa. tion, arrangement of species, size of plants, 6853. to 6876.
Plantations of trees, their uses, as to shelter and climate, improving soils, shade, separation, seclu- sion, distinction, appropriation, concealment, to heighten agreeable objects, direct the eye to ob- jects, render indifferent objects agreeable, en- hance the value of landed property, afford profit, 6762. to 6775.
Plantations, their different kinds, group, clump, woods, copsewoods, 6810. to 6814.
Plantations, their disposition in the ancient style, 7205; in the modern style, 7214.
Plantations, useful, their formation, 6815. 5 prepar- ing the soil, form, enclosing, fences, species of tree, mixture, whether to be sown or planted, disposition of the plants, number of plants and distance, size of the plants, seasons for planting,
operations of, 6816. to 6851.
Plantations, useful and ornamental, their culture and management, 6877; culture of the soil, fill-
mg up blanks, pruning, for utility, for ornament,
seasons for, implements for, resinous trees, non- resinous trees, heading-down trees, pruning for bends, coppices, osier holts, strips and screens, trees for shade, trees in parks, in pleasure-grounds
and lawns, thinning, 6878. to 6913,
Plantations, valuation of, 6966,
Planting,— see Arboriculture.
Planting, different modes of performing the oper- ation, 2077. to 2109,
Planting in arboriculture, operation of, by pitting, by the diamond dibber, by the planter’s mattock,
by the planter, by slitting, 6841. to 6851.
Plants,— see Vegetables.
Plants, as indicative of soils, list of, 1036,
Plants used as preserves and pickles, 4258,
Plants used in tarts, confectionary, and domestic medicine, 4195,
Plas Newydd, a seat in Anglesea, 7603.
Plat(plat, Fr. flat), a piece of ground of determinate form, small compared with a field, but larger than
a border, bed, or stripe,— see Plot.
pat rend(plat bande, Fr.), a border round a
at.
Platanus, plane-tree, moneec. polyan. and amenta- cex, H. tr. Levant, and N. Amer. handsome tim-
ber trees which grow in common soil, and are
propagated by layers and cuttings.
Platt, Sir Hugh, his works on gardening, page 1099. D. 1594.
Plattes, Gabriel, his works on gardening, page 1100.
A.D. 1633.
Platylobium, flat pea, diadel. decan. and legumino- see, G. tr. Austral. which grow in sandy loam
aud peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-
glass.
Plax, Anthony William, his works on gardening,
page 1123. A.D. 1764.
Pleacher(from plecto, to plait or weave), an arbor-
root. Pitcher-plant, nepenthes distillatoria, 593. Pitmaston, a seat near Worcester, 3329, Pittosporum, pentan. monog. and pittosporez, a S,! tr. Guinea, and G. tr. Austral. C.B.S. and E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
maker,— see Topiarius,
Pleasure-ground, garden-scenery devoted to show and recreation, generally placed near the house,
and consisting of lawn, shrubbery, flower-gardens,
walks, water, seats,&c.
Plectranthus, didyn. gymnos. and labiatea, a S. tr.
and an. and G. tr. and a bien, Africa and E. Ind. of easy culture in light soil.
plenck
Pleurot
P ch’ 4 D. 1734.
Dar anene At Plenck 1s
plant
ity{ jot(from plot laid
orre, plough gil 10, Ploughman* Pluk. alm,,- nicum. Pluk. phyts enetla a W, Ind soil, and glass, Plum-tree,- Plumbago, gincé, 5. a H. pere freely in| under 4 culture. Plumeria,| W, Ind. and requ ina grow a conside root freel} Plumpton, s Pluviometer Poa, meado peren. a Bur, and Podalyria, C.B.8.| peat, anc sand, unc Podocarpus China an and ripen Lass iN 82 Podolepis, s G, peren at, and Podolotiut tr N.S. Joam an in sand Podophy!
Pogonia, and E peat, a
Poincini and le strong in loan
Poliant
lidew Polivie, Polish ¢ Polish x Pollichi:
bien,(
ny ‘elatig, Hi iy Oa i Rt ho i tnd, 1g); ty. We, Ites Crage, ty Wot 1, g and Detainee i ete, and al, ture io comm,
ath 435
edit be betel omamental
T formation, 09: neta form, sts, UE of pants, 3,
3 8{0 shelter and separation, sel. 0, coocelment, tp diet the ee ob yeels agresable, ep, oper, ad prt,
erorming the oet-
aio ol by pin, he plate’ male, HL to fb
yckles, 0%, onary, and domes
4,1,
mo of delermina iu net 0 Plt;
- border und 2
yan, ad amet Ame, handel
mon, a0!
ting. eae 10 gan pagel jal. and eguane- pron id sant loa nt under bande works ol ais or mente 2 abit
; ne need neat ber), gone
sien ait! mit gil i
Plectronia, pentan. monog, and rhamnee, a G C. B.S. which thrives in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand.
Pleea, ennean. trig. and juncee, a G. peren. Carol. of common culture.
Plenck, J. J., his work on gardening, page dD. A.D. 1784.
Plenck ic., Icones Plantarum,&c., or figures of plants,&c. by Dr. J. J. Plenck.
Pleurothallis, gynan. monan. and orchider, a S. peren. W. Ind. a parasite which requires to be treated as aérides,&c.
Plocama, pentan. monog- and rubiacee, a G. tr. Canar. which grows in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Plot(from comploter, to contrive or design), a plot laid out in figures or contrivances, as a par- terre. 5
Ploughed gardens and their management, 7453. to 7456.
Ploughman’s spikenard,— see Baccharis.
Pluk. alm., Leon. Plukennett Almagestum Bota- nicum.
Pluk. phyt., L. Plukennett Phytographia.
Plukenetia, moneec. monad. and euphorbiacee, a S. tr. W. Ind. a climber which grows best in loamy soil, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Plum-tree,—see Prunus.
Plumbago, leadwort, pentan. monog. and plumba- ginee, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. a G. tr. C. B.S. and a H. peren. S. Eur. The S. and G. species flower freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass: the H. species is of easy culture.
Plumeria, pentan. dig. and apocynee, S. tr. I. and W. Ind. which flower freely in light, loamy soil, and require but little water, especially when not in a growing state. Large cuttings laid to dry for a considerable time, and stuck in the tan, will root freely.
Plumpton, scenery of, in Yorkshire, 7582,
Pluviometer, or rain-gauge, 1286.
Poa, meadow-grass, trian. dig. and graminee, S. peren. and an. E. Ind. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and N. Amer. all of the easiest culture.
Podalyria, decan. monog. and leguminosee, G. tr. C. B.S. pretty plants which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by ripened cuttings in sand, under a hand-glass, or by seeds.
Podocarpus, mMonec. monadel. and coniferez, G. tr. China and C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root readily under a hand- glass in sand.
Podolepis, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, G. peren. Austral. which thrive well in loam and
eat, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Podolobium, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a G. tr. N.S. W. a handsome plant which grows in loam and peat, and young cuttings may be rooted in sand under a bell-glass.
Podophyllum, duck’s toot, polyan. monog. and pa- paveracee, a H. peren. N. Amer. which thrives in rich, light soil, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Poederle,——_Vaine, his works on gardening, page 1129. A.D. 1772.
Poet’s cassia, osyris alba.
Pogonia, gynan. monan. and orchidez, a G. peren. and H. peren. N. Amer. which grows best in peat, and is increased by offsets from the bulbs.
Poincinia, Barbadoes flower-fence, decan. monog.
and leguminosex, S. tr. E. Ind. which require a
strong heat to make them flower well; they grow
in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings
in sand, under a hand-glass, or by seeds.
Poinsot,——, his work on gardening, page 1121.
A.D. 1804.
GENERAL INDEX.
_ tr.| Polycarpon, all-seed, tetran. trig. and caryopl y lee,
a H. an. Engl. of common treatment.
Polycnemum, trian. monog. and chenopodex, a H.
an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Polygala, milkwort, diadelph. octan. and pedicula-
rez, G. tr. C. B.S. and H. tr. peren. and an. Eur. and N. Amer.; the G. sp. grow in peat soil, and young cuttings root freely in sand, under a bell- glass; the hardy sorts prefer a similar soil, and are increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds,
Polygonatum, Solomon’s seal, hexan. monog. and
smilacex, H. peren. Brit. and Amer, of easy cul- ture,
Polygonatum vulgare, 4308.
Polygonum persicaria, octan. trig. and polygonee, a S: peren. and G, bien. E. Ind. and H. tr. peren. and an. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy culture.
Polymnia, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbifere, aS. bien. Afr. and H. peren. Amer. of common culture.
Polypodium, polypody, cryptog. filices and filice, S peren. W. Ind. and H. peren. Brit. of easy cul- ture.
Polypody,— see Polypodium.
Polypogon, trian. dig. and graminez, a H. peren. Brit. a grass of the usual culture.
Pom. Brit., Pomona Britannica, by Henry Phillips.
Pomaderris, pentan. monog. and rhamnez, G. tr. N. Holl. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely im sand under a_hand- glass.
Pomegranate,— see Punica.
Pon-qua-qua, his villa, near Canton, 480.
Ponds, their formation, 1719, larger excavations, 1945.
Pondweed,— see Potamogeton.
Pongamia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a S. tr.
E. Ind. which thrives in loam and peat, and cut-
tings roct in sand under a hand-glass.
Poniemenia, a seat at Grodno, 283
Ponsonby Hall, Cumberland, 7593.
Pontederia, hexan. monog. and asphodelez, a S.
peren. E. Ind. and H. peren. N. Amer. aquatics of
common culture.
Pontey, Mr. William, his works on gardening,
page 1112. A. D. 1800.
Ponthieva, gynan. monan. and orchidez, a S. peren.
W. Ind. which grows in sandy loam and peat well
drained, and little water given when it is not ina
growing state.
Pontilly Castle, Cornwall, 7601.
Ponty Pool, a seat in Monmouthshire, 7567.
Poplar,— see Populus.
Poppy,—see Papaver.
Populus, poplar, dicec. octan. and amentacee, H. tr. N. Amer. and Eur. of easy culture in moist deep soil, and increased readily, some by cut- tings, others by layers, and all by cuttings of the root.
Populus alba, and other species grown as timber- trees, 7134. to 7142.
Porcelia, polyan. polyg. and annoneacee, H. tr. N. Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and are in- creased by layers.
Porches, 1809.
Port Elliot, a seat in Cornwall, 7601.
Portable threshing machine, in use in gardening, 1705.
Porticoes, 1809.
Portlandia, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, S. tr. W. Ind. beautiful plants which thrive in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, root readily under a hand-glass.
Portswood House, Hampshire, 7594.
Portulaca, purslane, dodec. monog. and portulacee, a S. bien. and an. E. and W. Ind. and H. an. 5. Amer. and Eur. of common culture.
Portulaca oleracea, the garden purslane, 4088.
Portulacaria, purslane-tree, pentan. pentag. and
Poison-nut, strychnos nux vomica. Poison-oak, rhus toxicodendron. Poisonous plants, of common occurrence, 05 234.
Polemonium, Greek valerian, polemoniacez, H. peren. N the easiest culture.
Polesdon, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Polianthes, tuberose, hexan. monog. and hemorocal-
lidew, a G. peren. E. Ind., 6332. Policie, the Scotch term for pleasure-ground. Polish and Russian works on gardening, 7697. Polish millet, digitaria sanguinalis, 4335.
Pollichia, monan. monog. and chenopodee, a G.
bien. C. B. S. of easy culture
pentan. monog. and Poscharskey, Ch. F., his w . Amer. and Brit. of 1127. A.D. 1808.
portulacez, a G. tr. Afr. a succulent which thrives
in Britain, in sandy loam and brick rubbish, and is easily in-
creased by cuttings. orks on gardening, page
Pot-herbs and garnishings, 4081; to force pot-herbs,
22¢
3399.
Potamogeton, pond-weed, tetrandr. tetragyn. and alismacee, H. peren. Brit. aquatics of easy cul- ture.
Potatoe,—see Solanum.
rosacee, H. tr. peren. and a bien. chiefly Eur. of ; easy culture.
Potentilla, cinquefoil(five leaves), icos. polyg. and
Fotentille anserina, the wild tansy or goose-grass, 4307.;
Poterium, burnet, monee. polyan. and rosacee, G. tr. S. Eur. and H. peren. Eur. of common cul- ture.
Poterium sanguisorba, the common burnet, 4072.
Pothos, tetran. monog. and aroidee, S. peren. W. Ind. and a H. peren, N. Amer. all of which thrive well in loamy soil, and are increased by dividing the roots, or by seed.
Potsdam, gardens of, 208.
Powdersham Castle, Devonshire, 7600.
Powel, Anthony, Esq. his work on gardening, page 1107. A.D. 1769. c
Powerscourt, a seat in Wicklow, 7654.
Powys Castle, a seat in Montgomeryshire, 7567.
Poynton, a seat in Cheshire, 7590.
Poxzi, George, his works on the vine, page 1128, A.D. 1810.
Prasium, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, F. tr. S. Eur. which thrives in light rich soil, and young cut- tings root under a hand-glass,
Praslin, formerly Vaux le Vicompte and V. le Vil- lars, now Vause Praslin, a seat near Paris, the first attempt of Le Notre’s to lay out grounds.
Preaudeau-Chemilly, E., his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1794.
Prenanthes, syngen. polyg. zqual. and cichoracez, a F. tr. Barb. and H. peren. and a bien. N. Amer, and Eur. of common culture.
Preserving vegetables, 2289.
Preserving vegetables, operation for, 2289,
Preston Hall, in East Lothian, 7619.
Prestwood, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570,
Prestwould Hall, Leicestershire, 7573,
Price, Uvedale, Esq., his writings on gardening, page 1110. A. D. 1794.
Prick, or pricker, a small dibber,—see Dibber. Pricking, or pricking out, transplanting very young plants or seedlings, with a prick or small dibber.
Primrose, primula vulgaris,—see Primula.
Primula, primrose, pentan. monog, and primulacee, H. peren. Eur. beautiful little plants: the hardier sorts grow in loamy soils in shaded situations, and the alpines thrive best in peat and loam in pots; all require to be frequently parted and re- planted.
Primula auricula, the auricula, 6339.
Primula elatior, the oxlip, 6403.
Primula veris, the cowslip, 6401.
Primula vulgaris, the primrose, 6399.
Primula vulgaris, var. polyanthus, the polyanthus, 6389.
Prince’s feather, amaranthus hypochondriacus.
Prinos, winter berry, hexan. monog. and rhamnea, F. and H. tr. N. Amer. which grow well in light soil, but prefer peat, and are increased by layers or seeds.
Priory, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Priory, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Priva, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, S. peren. Mex. and E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand- glass.
Privet,—see Ligustrum.
Professional police of gardening, 7700.
Promenades, public, equestrian, pedestrian, and mountain, 7313. to 7322.
Pronville, Augustus de, his work on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1818.
Propagation, different operations for, 1985.
Propriety, as a requisite beauty in gardening, 927)
Props for plants, different kinds of, used in garden- ing, 1517.
Prosopis, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a S. tr. E. Ind. a prickly plant of which the pods are eaten as a spice in India; it grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Prospect towers, their use in gardening, 1806.
Prostanthera, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, a G. tr. N.S. W. a beautiful plant which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root in the same soil under a hand-glass.
Protea, tetran. monog. and proteacee, G. tr. C.B.S.
magnificent plants which grow best in light turfy
loam, with one third fine sand; the pots well drained, and furnished with a stratum of sherds or gravel; care must be taken not to let the plants droop for want of water, as they will sel-
dom recover. Ripened cuttings taken off at a
joint, and pared quite smooth, and thinly planted
1216 GENERAL INDEX.
in pots of sand, will root under a hand-glass, but not plunged; damp must be avoided by wiping the glasses frequently.
Protecting vegetables, 2206,
Prunella, self-heal, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez. H. peren. and an. N. Amer. and Eur. which thrive in light rich soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Pruning, origin of, 32.
Pruning, science of, 2110.
Prunus, the plum and cherry, icos. di-pentag. and rosacee, S. G. and F. tr. W. and E. Ind. and H, tr. Eur. and N. Amer. The G., and F. Sp. grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass: the H. sorts grow in any loamy soil, aud are increased by all the modes of propagating rees.
Prunus avium, the gean, 4577.
Prunus cerasus, the cherry, 4574; cherry-house, 2674; and to force the cherry, 3117.
Prunus domestica, the common plum, 4550; to force the plum, 4570. j
Prunus spinosa, the sloe, 4765; P. padus, the bird- cherry, 4766.
Psiadia, syngen. polyg. necess. and corymbiferez, a S. tr. Maurit. which grows freely in rich light a and cuttings will root readily under a hand- glass.
Psidium, guava, icos. monog. and myrteacee, S. tr. W. Ind. grown there for their fruit: here they thrive in loam and peat, and ripen fruit readily; they are increased by cuttings in sand under a hand-glass, or by layers.
Psidium, pyriferum, pomiferum,&c. 5982.
Psilotum, cryptog. stachyopt. and lycopodinez, a S. peren. W. Ind. a fern which grows in loam and Beats and cuttings will root under a hand-glass in sand.
Psoralea diadelph. decan. and leguminosee, a S. bien. and G. tr. and peren. chiefly C. B. S. which grow freely in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass, or by seeds, which they ripen abundantly.
Psoralea esculenta, the bread-root, 4333. 6031.
Psychotria, pentan. monog. and rubiacez, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Pteris, brake, cryptog. filices and_filiceze, a S. tr. and peren. W. Ind. G. peren. Mad. N.S. W. and H. peren. Brit. and N. Amer. all of easy cul- ture.
Pterocarpus, diadelph. decan. and leguminosez, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. which thrive in light loamy soil, and cuttings not deprived of their leaves, root in sand under a hand-glass.
Pteronia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cynarocephalee, G. tr. C. B. S. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Pterospermum, monad. dodec. and malvacee, G. tr. E. Ind. which thrive well in light loam, and cut- tings, not deprived of their leaves, root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Pterostylis, gynan. monan. and orchidew, a G. peren. N. S. W. which thrives in sandy loam and peat, without much water after it has done flower- ing.
Pterygodium, gynan. monan. and orchidea, a G. peren. C. B.S. which may be treated as ptero- Stylis.
a
Public squares, their formation, 7319; manage- ment, 7491.
Puccoon, sanguinaria canadensis.
Puddling or mudding the roots of plants, 6849.
Puddling to hold water, 1719.
Pulhawa, a seat near Lublin, in Poland, 283.
Pullein, Samuel, M. A., his work on gardening, page 1105. A. D. 1760.
Pulmonaria, lungwort, pentan. monog. and bora. gine, H. peren. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy cul- ture in light soil.
Pulsatilla, pasque flower, polyan. polyg. and ranun- culacez, ft peren. Eur. which grow best in light sandy soil, and may be increased by division at the root.
Pultenza, decan. monog. and leguminosee, S. tr. Austral. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a bell.glass in sand.
wy, Ric mney
WA works
potany 12
ture in 3" Punica oe Punnet, 2§
Basket. Pupalia, pent and peren. rich soil, 4! lass in hea Pursh, FL AY or, a system the Plants ¢ Puslane,=* Purslane-tree Puttenlam P Pyenanthem peren. S./ and are 1n¢ Pye, Bos$4.
Pyrethrum, ‘corymbitere H, peren. J Pyrola, winte ‘peren. Brit best in san are increase hand.glass. Pyrus, the ap ‘and rosacee, and increase Pyrus aria, the Pyrus aucupat Pyrus commu Pyrus domest Pyrus malus, Pyrus tormin: Pyxidanthera, peren, Carol be increased Pyt House, W
Quaking grass Quassia, decal Ind. which ripened cut ated, root r Queenby Hal Queensborou Querber, J— A. D, 1800, Quercitron, t Quercus, oak tr. N. Ame and are in layers and| Quercus cerr Turkey oak Quercus robu 7070, Queria, trian, Spain, of co Quillwort, iso Quince.tree, Quincunx, a) 2076. Quintinie, J page 1116, Quisqualis, Ind, clin and root fre
Raby Castle, D diol, all-seg aH, an, Brit
had sl las by aly Wii
0 al is
= nat ad Dy, stich ate{Otten ty
aK dioentae al Od E Ind and H and in iad Many amy i
iso ppapatg
Ppa thet.
id Corymtifere, ¢ ely in rich ht ally under a hand.
id myteare,§ ei fruit here they Tipe fut readily; 10 sand under&
1, bt, 8,
nd Ijeopodinee,§ | grows in loam and der a handglasin
fd leguminsee, a§ chiefiy(. B§ which a, and are increased
lasso by sels,
!
root,$33, OL, adit, St, W, nd peat, at cutings
5 and flee,§ re, Mad, N.8. 0, Amer alo exo
and lguminoee, ire in Dght loamy a oftheir aes, root
anfoynatoeptalee, Joan ad peta
hand-gas
and marae, Gt ght Iam, and cl-
l lara, rot freely
and orchidee,& 6 resin sandy Jom a ferithasdone fone
and orhidee,#¥: pe treated a8 le” ton, 674 ion TM (03; pune,
tiod, 7319} anage- et
sof pas 6eHt,
in poland, i
rk 00 aren
a, org 2 x amet of ay
yal, pol wl } fest Po ich fe gon 2h
Pulteney, Richard, F. R. S., author of various bota- nical works, and of Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England, 2 vols. 8vo. 1790. He died in 1801.
Pumpkin, cucurbita pepo, 4208.
Pumps used in gardening, 1716.
Punica, pomegranate, icos. monog. and myrteacex, a G. peren. W. Ind. H. tr. S. Europ. of easy cul- ture in light soil, and increased by cuttings.
Punica granatum, the common pomegranate, 5952.
Punnet, a small flat basket of from four to twelve inches in diameter, and one to three inches deep, formed of split wood or shavings of timber,— see
3asket.
Pupalia, pentan. monog. and amaranthacee, a S. tr. and peren. E. Ind. which grows readily in light rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand- glass in heat.
Pursh, Fl. Amer., Flora Americe Septentrionalis; or, a Systematic Description and Arrangement of the Plants of North America, by Frederick Pursh.
Purslane,—see Portulaca.
Purslane-tree, portulacaria afra.
Puttenham Priory, Surrey, 7527. to 1217.
Pycnanthemum, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, H. peren. S. Amer. which thrive in light rich soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Pye, H., Esq., his ideas on laying out public squares, 7321.
Pye, Mrs. Hampden, her works on gardening, page 1108. A. D. 1775.
Pyrethrum, feverfew, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, G. tr. Teneriffe and Canaries, and H. peren. Europe, of easy culture.
Pyrola, winter green, decan. monog. and ericez, H. peren. Brit. rather difficult to cultivate; they do best in sand or gravel, in a shady situation, and are increased by seeds or young cuttings under a hand-glass.
Pyrus, the apple, pear, service,&c. icos. di-pentag. and rosacee, H. peren. chiefly Eur. of easy culture, and increased by seeds, layers, cuttings,&c.
Pyrus aria, the whitebeam-tree, 4768.
Pyrus aucuparia, the mountain ash, 4767.
Pyrus communis, the pear, 4433.
Pyrus domestica, the true service, 4473.
Pyrus malus, the apple-tree, 4339.
Pyrus torminalis, the wild service, 4768.
Pyxidanthera, pentan. monog. and ericer, a H. peren. Carolin. which thrives in peat soil, and may be increased by cuttings under a hand-glass.
Pyt House, Wiltshire, 7596.
Q.
Quaking grass,— see Briza.
Quassia, decan. monog. and magnoliacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which flower freely in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, taken off at a joint, not defoli- ated, root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Queenby Hall, Leicestershire, 7573.
Queensborough, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Querber, J——, his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1800.
Quercitron, the dyer’s oak, 7072.
Quercus, oak, moneec, polyan. and amentacee, H. tr. N. Amer. and Eur. which grow in loamy soil, and are increased by seeds, and some sorts by layers and grafting.
Quercus cerris, the luccombe oak a variety of the Turkey oak, 7071.
Quercus robur and pedunculata, the common oak, 7070.
Queria, trian. monog. and caryophyllee, a H. an. Spain, of common culture.
Quillwort, isoetes lacustris.
Quince-tree,—see Cydonia. f
Quincunx, a mode of planting or disposing of objects, 2076.
Quintinie, Jean de la, his writings on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1696.
Quisqualis, decan. monog. and combretacee, S. tr. E. Ind. climbers, which grow in loam and peat, and root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
R.
Raby Castle, Durham, 7585, Radiola, all-seed, tetran. tetrag. and sempervivez,
GENERAL INDEX.
Radish,— see Raphanus.
Radnorshire, gardens of, 7610.
Rafflesia arnoldii, and R. horsfieldii, 6737.
Rafnia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a G. bien.
C. B. S. of common culture.
Ragged Robin, lychnis floscuculi.
Ragwort,— see Othonna.
Rails, or railings, used in gardening, 1803. and
6092.»
Rain-gauge, or pluviometer, 1286.
Rainham, a seat in Norfolk, 7554.
Raith, a seat in Fifeshire, described, 7635.
Rajania, dicec. hexan. and dioscorex, a S. peren.
W. Ind. which thrives well in rich loam, and is
increased by dividing at the roots.
Rake(vateau, Fr.), different kinds of, 1314.
Raking, 1874.
Ramonda, pentan. monog. and solanacea, a H
peren. Pyrenees, which thrives in dry rockwork
or in pots, in loam and peat, and is increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds.
Ramoon-tree,— see‘Trophis.
Rampion,—see Campanula and Phytcuma.
Ramsay, James, a Scotch landscape-gardener, 3635.
Ramson, allium ursinum.
Rana arborea, or tree-frog, 6086.
Randia, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, S. tr. Afr. and W. Ind. which grow best in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass, in moist heat.
Ranft, 1. F., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1788.
Le his essay on gardening, page 1127. A. D.
81
Ranunculus, crowfoot, polyan. polyg. and ranuncu- lace, H. peren. bien. and an. of easy culture in common garden-soil, some requiring a moist situation, and others, as R. aquatilis, to be planted in shallow water.
Ranunculus asiaticus, the garden ranunculus, 6256.
Rape, brassica napus.
Raphanus, radish, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferez, a H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. of easy culture.
Raphanus sativus, the garden radish, 3574; to force the radish, 3403
Rapin, René, a French writer on gardening, page 1116. A. D. 1665.
Rapistrum, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, H. an. Egypt and Eur. of common culture.
Rarities, as garden decorations, 1841.
Raspberry, rubus idzus, 4696.— see Rubus.
Rastillion, a seat in the county of Cork, 7666.
Rathfarnham Castle, a seat in the county of Dub- lin, 7653.:
ae B. A., his works on gardening, page 1120.
). 180
Rauwolfia, pentan. monog. and apocynez, St. tr. S. Amer. and Jamaica, which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass.
Ravensworth Castle, Durham, 7584.
Re, Filippo, his works on gardening, page 1128, A. D 1809
Rea, John, gent., his works on gardening, page 1101. AS 1665.
Read’s garden syringe, 1419.
Reaumuria, polyan, pentag. and ficoidex, a F. tr. Syria, a handsome flowering plant in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root under a hand
lass.
Red Castle, a seat in Ross-shire, 7647.
Red cedar, juniperus virginiana.
Red Rise, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Red spider,— see Acarus.
Redgrave Hall, Suffolk, 7552.
Redouté, J. P. and©. A. Thory, their works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1819.
Reeds,—see Arundo. f i
Reeds, coverings of, used in gardening, 1520.
Regent’s Park, London, 7313._:
Regina Claudia(Reine Claude, Fr.), Queen Claudine, a plum, the green gage of this country,—see Plums, 4553.
Reid, John, his works on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1683.
Relhania, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, a G. tr. C. B.S. which grows in rich, light soil, and cuttings root under a hand-glass.
Religion, its influence on gardening, 512.
Rem. on Hot., Remarks on Hot-houses, page A112. A. D. 1803.
a H. an. Brit. of easy culture.
a Be.=2 2. Panne nepeais I
Rendcome, a seat in Gloucestershire, 7565.
s
‘
Mea eee eR eS ree Ne
1218 GENERAL INDEX.
Rendella, Prospera, his work page 1198, A. D. 1698.” nos! eam ae
Rendlesham Hall, Suffolk, 7552.
Renfrewshire, gardening of, 7628.
Repton, Humphrey, Esq. his writings on gardening, page 1111. A. D. 1795.
Reseda, dodec. trig. and capparidez, G. tr. Spain, C. B.S. and H. peren. bien. and Eur. all of easy culture.,
Reseda odorata, the mignonette, 6484; tree-mig- nonette, 6487.
Residences, the formation and laying out of, 7270; mansion and demesne, villa, villa farm, ferme ornée, temporary residences, cottage ornée, citizen’s villa, suburban house, house with car- riage-entrance, house with covered entrance, house and conservatory, house and_ flower- garden-entrance, house and French parterre, common front or street garden, farmer’s garden, laborer’s cottage and garden, 7271. to 7311.
Resinous timber-trees, the most useful sorts de- scribed, 7039.
Resson, Jean Baptiste Deschines de, a author on gardening, page 1117. A. D. 17
Rest-harrow,—see Ononis.
Restio, rope-grass, dicec. trian. and restiacex, a G. peren. C, B. S. which thrives in peat soil, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Retarding vegetation, operations for, 2177.
Retreat, Devonshire, 7600.
Retzia, pentan. monog. and convolvulacee, a G. tr.¢C. B.S. which thrives in any rich soil, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand- glass.
Rhagadiolus, syngen. polyg. sequal. and cichoracez, H. an. Eur. of common culture,
Rhagodia, polyg. moneec. and chenopodee, a G. tr. N.S. W. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Rhamnus, buckthorn, pentan. monog. and rham- ne, G. tr. China, C. B.S. and H. tr. Eur. and N. Amer.; the G. sorts thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass; the H. species grow in the common soil, and are increased by layers or seeds; some of these are evergreens, others decumbent.
Rhapis, polyg. moneec. and palmez, a S. tr. and G. bien. China and Carolina, which thrive in sandy loam, and are increased by suckers.
Rheed. mal., Hortus Indicus Malabaricus, Ador- natus per Henr. van Rheede van Drakenstein. Rheum, rhubarb, ennean. trig. and polygonee, H.
peren. Eur. and Asia, of easy culture.
Rheum rhaponticum, common culinary or tart- rhubarb, 4196; to force rhubarb, 4203.
Rhexia, octan. monog. and melastomee, a S. tr. S. Amer. and F. and H. peren. N. Amer, beautiful plants which grow best in peat soil, and are readily increased.
Rhinanthus, yellow rattle, didyn. angios. and scro- phularinee, a H. an. which prefers a peat soil, and a moist situatioon.
Rhipsalip, icosan. monog. and cactew, D. S. tr. W. Ind. and S. Amer. succulents of easy culture.
Rhodiola, rose-root, dicec. octan. and sempervivez, a H. peren..(Brit. of easy culture in dry soil.
Rhododendron, decan. monog, and rhodoracee, G. F. and H, tr. chiefly N. Amer. which prefer eae soil, and are increased by layers or seeds,
6:
rench 6
Rhodora, decan. monog. and rhodoracee, a Histr: N. Amer. which may be treated like rhodo- dendron.
Rhopala, tetrandr. monogyn. and proteacee, S. tr. which grow in sandy loam, with a little peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Rhubarb,— see Rheum.
Rhus, sumach, pentan. trig. and_terebintacex, Ss. and G. tr. chiefly C.B.S. and H. tr. N. Amer. The G. sorts thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand; the H. kinds grow in common soil, and are in- creased by cuttings of the roots, or layers.
Rhynchospora, trian. monog. and cyperacee, H. peren. Brit. grasses of easy culture.
Rib-grass, plantago lanceolata.
Ribes, the currant and gooseberry, pentan. monog. and cacter, H. tr. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy culture.
Ribes grossularia, the gooseberry, 4634.
Ribes nigrum, the black currant, 4678.
Ribes rubrum, the red currant, 4680.
Ribes spicatum, the acid or tree currant, 4769.
Ribstone Hall, Yorkshire, 7582,
Rice,— see Oryza.
Richard,» his works on gardeni 9 4. D. 1802. g ing, page 1121.
Richardia, hexan. monog. and rubiacee, a S. tr.
Vera Cruz, which grows in loam and peat‘and
cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass, 4
Richmond Hill, Surrey, 7527.
Richmond Park, Surrey, 7529.
Ricinus, palma Christi, moncec. monad, and euphor-
biacee, S. bien. and an. and G. tr. E. Ind. and
Africa, of easy culture: the tr. species root from
cuttings taken off at a joint, and planted under a
hand-glass.
Ricotia, tetrad. silic. and cruciferez, a H. an. Egypt,
of common culture.“
Ridging, 1871.—see Operations.
Riding, a carriage-road or indicated path fit for
horses and carriages, made for the display of the
scenery of a residence, 7265.
Riedel, J. C., his works on gardening, page 1125.
AS DE 1751.
Rieffelson, Pt., his works on gardening, page 1127.
Jel Dh lk
Rills, how to form or improve in garden-scenery,
7223. 5
Ring-fence,— see Kitchen-garden.
Ringing for maturation of fruits, 2168.
Ringing to induce a state of fruitfulness, different
modes of performing the operation, 2167.
Risso, A. and A. Poiteau, their works on gardening,
page 1122, A.D. 1818.
Ritter, Charles, his works on gardening, page 1126.
A. D. 1804.
Rivenhall Place, a seat in Essex, 7194.
Rivers, to improve in garden-scenery, G223i tO)
imitate their effects on plants in an aquarium,
6180.
Riviere, dela, and Du Moulin, their work on garden-
ing, page 1117. A. D. 1739.
Rivinia, tetran. monog. and chenopodee, S. tr. W.
Ind. which grow freely in light, rich soil, and are
readily increased by cuttings or seeds.
Roads, to form, 1935.
Roard, J. L., his tract on gardening, page 1121;
A. D. 1805.
Robin, C—, his works on gardening, page 1121. A. D. 1801.
Robinia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, S. tr. E. and W. Ind. and H. tr. Siberia; the S. species grow in sandy loam, and are increased by seeds from India, or young cuttings planted in sand under a bell-glass; the H. sorts grow freely in common soil, and are increased by layers, or gratt- ing on R. pseudacacia, or from seeds.
Robinia pseudacacia, the common acacia, or Ame- rican locust-tree, 7105.
Robinson,——, his works on gardening, page 1112.
1798:
Rocambole, allium scorodoprasum,
Roche Great Court, Wiltshire, 7596.
Rocholl, A, his works on gardening, page 1126, A. D. 1803.
Rock-rose,— see Cistus.
Rocket,— see Hespetis.
Rocks, as decorations of gardening, 1837; natural rocks, how to operate on, in garden-scenery, 7228.
Rockwork, how to form and plant, 6525.
Rocque, Bartholomew, his work on gardening, page 1104, A. D. 1753.
Rode,——, his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1788.
Rodenhurst, T—, his work on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1784.
Roehampton Grove, Surrey, 7527.
Roella, pentan. monog. and campanulacee, a G. tr. peren. and an. C. B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by seeds or young cuttings under a hand-glass.
Rolandra, syngen. polyg. segr. and cynarocephalee, aS. tr. W. Ind. which thrives in light, rich soil, and is readily increased by cuttings.
Roller, 1455.
Rolling, 1880.
Rémer, J. Jacques, his works on gardening, page 1125, AS D9
Rondeletia, pentan. monog. and rubiacee, Gar W. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Rookery, a seat in Surrey, 7527.
Rook’s Nest, a villa in Surrey, 7527.
Root-cellar, 1704.
ots first Roots of W Rope-gtas Rosa, 1086 tr, Chit in light ahand soil, a0 graltin Rose,— Rose, ginate pagatt insects Rose-aca Rose-cal Rose of Rose-100 Rosemar Rose, JO 4D.
Rosenbur'
A.D. Rossignol 1120./
H. an.
Rotterdat Rotting-g Rottlera, which§ in sand Rough ct Roulet, J 11971. 4 Rous, Au A.D, 1 Roxb. cor Will. R Roxburgh Roxburgh peren.| peat, al dividin Roxburg Royal ge Royal g Royal Ham at Ke
Rubia, 1 and H Rubus, and G. the ter tings chief and; sorts Rubus thee berry Cesil Rudbec A.D, Rudbec 1130, Rudbee! Tee,} cultur Rudolph 1196, Rue,~
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Us Indicated path ft fir forthe display ofthe
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rove in garden senery,
of fruitfulnes, diferent operation, 2167, their works on gardenin,
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GENERAL INDEX. 1219
Roots first used by man as food, 28.
Roots of wild plants, edible, 4300.
Rope-grass,— see Restio.
Rosa, rose, icos. polyg. and rosacew, G. Fr. and H. tr. China and Europe; the tender species grow in light rich soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass; the H. sorts grow best in good rich soil, and are increased by layers or by budding or grafting.
Rose,— see Rosa.
Rose, table of the species whence have been ori- ginated most of the ornamental sorts, 6546; pro- pagation, final situation, general culture, forcing, insects, 6547. to 6561.
Rose-acacia, robinia hispida.
Rose-campion,—see Agrostemma.
Rose of Jericho, anastatica hierochuntica.
Rose-root,—see Rhodiola.
Rosemary,— see Rosmarinus.
Rose, John, his works on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1666.
Rosenburg, O—— F——, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 1808.
Rosmarinus, rosemary, dian. monog. and labiatex, a G. tr. Chili and H. tr. Eur. of easy culture in dry light soil, and increased by cuttings.
Rosmarinus officinalis, the common rosemary, 4179.
Réssig, K. Glo., his works on gardening, page 1127,
D. 1807.
Rossignol, Y Abbé de, his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1797.
Rosslyn House, Middlesex, 7520.
Ross-shire, gardens of, 7647.
Rotation of crops, rationale of, 1107; new opinions on, 1110; in kitchen-gardens, 2556. and 2557.
Rotboellia, hard-grass, trian. digyn. and graminee, H. an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Rotheras, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568.
Rothia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, a H. bien. and an. S. Eur. of common culture.
Rotterdam, gardens of, 128.
Rotting-ground in nurseries, 6979.
Rottlera, dicec. icos. and............, a G. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Rough chervil,— see Anthriscus.
Roulet, Jean Antoine, his work on gardening, page 1127. A D. 1817.
Roux, Augustin, his works on gardening, page 1117. A.D. 1750.
Roxb. cor., Plants of the coast of Coromandel. By Will. Roxburgh.
Roxburgh House, a seat in Ross-shire, 7647.
Roxburghia, octand. monogyn. and salicarex, a S. peren. E. Ind. a climber which grows in loam and peat, and may be increased, but not readily, by dividing at the root.
Roxburghshire, gardens of, 7621.
Royal gardener, 7387.
Royal gardens, and their management, 7451.
Royal gardens of Britain; at Carlton House, Hampton Court, Kensington, and Pimlico, 7523; at Kew and Richmond, 7529; at Windsor and Frogmore, 7562; at Brighton, 7553.
Royena, decan. dig. and ebenacee, G. tr. C. B.S. which thrive in loam and peat, and ripencd cuttings root readily in sand under a hand- glass.
Royer, Johann, his work on gardening, page 1123. A.D 164-
Rubia, madder, tetran. monog. and rubiacee, G. tr. and H. per. Eur. of easy culture in light rich soil.
Rubus, bramble, icos. polyg. and rosacex, a S. tr. and G. tr. E. Ind. and H. tr, Eur. and N. Amer.; the tender kinds thrive in rich light soil, and cut- tings root under a hand-glass; the H. sp. are chiefly prickly trailers, which grow in any soil, and are increased by suckers or seeds, and some sorts by cuttings.
Rubus idzeus, the raspberry, 4696; R. fruticosus, the common bramble; R. chamamorus, the cloud- berry; R. arcticus, the crimson bramble; and R. cesius, the dewberry, 4770. to 4773.
Rudbeck, Olaus, his work on gardening, page 1129. A.D. i664.
Rudbeck, Olaus, filius, his works on gardening, page 1130. A.D. 1686.
Rudbeckia, syngen. polyg. frustran. and corymbife- rex, F. and H. peren. and an. N. Amer. of easy culture.‘
Rudolphi, J. C——, his works on gardening, page 1126, A.D. 1802.
Rue,—see Ruta.
4]
Ruellia, didyn. angios. and acanthacea,§ tr. and G. peren. Ind. and Amer. pretty plants of easy culture in light rich soil.‘ i
Ruins as objects in garden-scenery, 1839. and 7257.
Ruizia, monad. polyan. and malvacea, a S. tr. Bourb. which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Rum. Amb., Ge. Everh. Rumphii Herbarium Am- boinense.
Rumex, dock, hexan. trig. and polygonee, S. and G. tr. and peren. Afr. and H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture.»
Rumex patientia, patience-dock, or spinage-dock, 3807
Rumex scutatus and acetosa, the garden-sorrels,
3799.
Runners, to propagate by, 1991.
Ruppia, tetran. tetrag. and naiadexw, a H. peren. Brit. a submarine aquatic, which should be grown in sand, kept moist, and occasionally strewed with salt.
Rupture-wort,—see Herniaria.
Rusborough, a seat in Wicklow, 7654.
Ruscus, butcher’s broom, dicec. monad. and smi- lacee, a G. and H. tr. Eur. under-shrubs, ever- greens, which will grow in shady situations, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Rush,—see Juncus.
Rush-broom, viminaria denudata.
Rush-nut, cyperus esculentus,—see Cyperus.
Rushbrook Hall, Suffolk, 7552.
Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, 7580,
Russel Square, London, 7320.
Russelia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, a S. tr. S. Amer. a pretty plant which thrives in light rich soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand- glass in heat.
Ruta, rue, decan. monog. and rutacee, G. and H. tr. and peren. Eur. and Afr. under-shrubs, ever- greens which prefer light soil, and are readily in- creased by cuttings or seeds.
Rutlandshire, gardens and residences of, 7579.
Rutter, James, and Daniel Carter, their works on gardening, page 1107. A.D. 1767.
Rye,—see Secale.
Rye-grass, lolium perenne.
S.
Sabal, hexan. trig. and palmee, a S. peren. Florida, which grows in light sandy loam, and may be oc- casionally increased by suckers.
Sabb. hort., Sabbati(liberatus) Hortus romanus.
Sabbatia, pentan. monog. and gentianex, H. bien, N. Amer. of easy culture.
Saccharum, sugar-cane, trian. digy. and graminez, a S. peren. Ind. which grows in rich loam, and is increased by suckers or cuttings of the stem.
Sacconi, Agostino, his work on gardening, page 1128, A.D. 1697.
Sacred bean,— see Nelumbium.
Sage,— see Salvia.
Sagina, pearlwort, tetran. tetrag. and caryophyllee, Hi, an. Brit. of easy culture.
Sagittaria, arrow-head, moneec. polyan. and alisma- cee, S. and G. peren. China and Amer. and H. peren. Brit. and Amer. aquatics of easy culture.
Sagittaria sagittifolia, common arrow-head, 4300,
Sago-palm, sagus rumphii.
Sagus, sago-palm, moneec. hexan. and palmee, a S. tr. which requires a sandy loam and a strong moist heat.
st. Andrew’s cross, ascyrum crux Andrex,
St. Anne’s Hill, a seat in Surrey, 7527,
Saint Etienne, Claude de, a French author on gar- dening, page 1116. A.D. 1660.
St. John’s wort,— see Hypericum.
St. Laurence’s Cottage, Hampshire, 7594.
St. Mary’s Isle, a seat in Kircudbrightshire, 7625.
St. Peter’s wort, symphoria glomerata.
Saint Peravi, Guermeau de, his works on garden- ing, page 1118. A. D. 1765.
Saint Simon, Marquis de, his works on gardening, page 1118. A.D. 1768.
Saintfoin,— see Hedysarum.
Salad, to grow in cellars, 3992.
Salad-plants,— see Acetarious Plants.
Salads from wild plants, 4311.
Salicornia, glasswort, monan. monog. and chenopo- dee, a G. tr. Arabia, and a H. tr. peren. and an. Brit. succulent salt-marsh plants, which grow in rich light soil not overwatercd,
9
—
x
Se
1220 GENERAL INDEX.
Salicornia herbacea, samphire, 4282,
Salisburia, moneec. polyan. and podocarpee, a H. tr. Japan, which grows in sheltered situations, in common garden soil, and is increased by layers.
Salisbury Craig, a hill at Edinburgh, how to im- prove, 7317.
Salisbury, Richard Anthony, Esq. F. R.S.,&c. his writings on gardening, page 1110. A.D. 1791.
Salisbury, William, his writings on gardening, page LZ AGD 1797.
Salix, willow, dicec. monan. and amentacez, a S. tr. E. Ind. and H. tr. Eur. and N. Amer. which grow mostly in moist soil, and are readily in- creased by cuttings.
Salix alba, the Huntington and other tree willows grown for timber, 7144.
Salix viminalis, the common osier, and other basket and hoop willows, 7149.
Sallows,— see Salix.
Salsify,— see Tragopogon.
Salsola, saltwort, pentan. dig. and chenopodee, a G. tr. S. Eur. and a H. peren. and an, Eur. and Afr. which may be treated like salicornia.,
Salt, as a manure, 1189.
Salt-tree, robinia halodendron.
Salt-wort,— see Salsola.
Salter, J——, his work on gardening, page 1114. A.D. 1816.
Salton Hall, a seat in East Lothian, 7619.
Sa.tram, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Salvia, sage, dian. monog. and labiatex, S. and G. tr. and peren. and H. tr. peren. and an. all of easy culture in light sandy soil.
Salvia officinalis, the common sage, 4140,
Salvia sclaree, clary, 4145.
Salxmann, F. Z., gardener to the King of Prussia, 208; his works on gardening, page 1124, A. D. 1781.
Sam., Samouelle’s Entomologist’s Useful Com-
panion. Samboursky,, his poem on gardens, page 1131. A.D. 1788
Sambucus, elder, pentan. trig. and caprifolex, H. tr. and a peren. Eur. and Amer. of easy culture, and increased by cuttings or seeds.
Sambucus nigra, the common elder, as a fruit-tree, 4627; asa forest tree, 7119.
Samphire,—see Crithmum and Inula.
Samroff, Cp. L., his works on gardening, page 11255 A.D. 1788.
Samyda, decan. monog. and homalinex, Sate. Ind. which grow, though shyly, in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Sandal-wood, santalum album.
Sandbeck(sand-brook), a seat in Yorkshire, 7582.
Sandbox-tree,— see Hura.
Sandon, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570.
Sandwell Park, Staffordshire, 7570.
Sandwort,— see Arenaria.
Sang, Edward, his edition of Nicol’s Planter’s Kalendar, page 1112. A.D. 1798,
Sanguinaria, puccoon, polyan. monog. and papa- veracee, a H.peren. which grows best in light sandy soil, and increases by seeds, or offsets from the root.
Sanguisorba, great burnet, tetran. monog. and ro- sacee, H. peren. Brit. and Amer. of common culture.
Sanicle,— see Sanicula,;
Sanicula, sanicle, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, H. peren. Brit. and Amer. of easy culture.
Sans Souci, a royal palace at Potsdam, 208.
Sanseviera, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidez, S. peren. and a H. peren. E. Ind. and China, succu- lents increased by suckers.
Santalum, sandal-wood, tetran, monog. and santa- lacee, aS. tr. E. Ind. which grows in light loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Santolina, lavender-cotton, syngen. polyg. qual. and corymbiferee, H. tr. and per. Eur. which grow in common garden soil, and are readily in- creased by cuttings.-
Sanvitalia, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, a H. an. Mexico, of easy culture.;
Sapindus, soapberry, octan. trig. and sapindiacee, a S. tr. and G. tr. Amer. which thrive well in loam and peat, and large cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.:
be moncec. monad. and euphorbiacez, a S. tr.
. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Saponaria, soapwort, decan. dig. and 7 y FL peren. and an. Eur, of pee area vouhyher Sarcophyllum, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, a G tr. C. B.S. a succulent which grows in loam and peat, not overwatered, and cuttings root readily in sand under a bell-glass.: Sarcostemma, pentan., dig. and asclepiadew, a S. tr. E. Ind. a climber which grows in loam and peat and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass. i Sarracenia, side-saddle flower, polyan. monog. and ssaseesssees, F. peren. N. Amer. which grow in pots with turfy peat at the bottom, and the upper part filled with sphagnum, in which the plants must be set, and then placed in pans of water in a shady situation.
Sartorelli, G. B., his works on gardening. QC
A.D. 1816.” Deca ee
Sassafras-tree, laurus sassafras.
Satureja, savory, didyn. gymnos. and labiatea, a S.
tr. G. tr. and H. peren, and an. Eur. and N. Amer.
of easy culture.
Satureja montana and hortensis, winter and summer
garden savory, 4170.
Satyrium, gynan. monan. and orchidex, G. peren.
S. Eur. which grow in sandy loam and peat, with
little water, when not in a growing state, and are
increased by seeds.
Saururus, lizard’s tail, heptan. tetrag. and naiadee,
a H. peren. an aquatic increased by parting at the
root.
Saussai, le Sieur de, a French writer on gardening,
page 1117. A.D. 1722.
Saussure, Nicolas de, his works on gardening, page
1124. A.D.1775.
Savanna-flower, echites suberecta.
Savi, Getano, his work on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1811
Savin, juniperus sabina.
Savory,— see Satureja.
Saw, 1331.
Saw-wort,— see Serratula.
Sawing, 1883.
Saxifraga, saxifrage, decan. dig. and saxifrager, F. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and N. Amer. chiefly alpines, and well adapted for rockwork; but some, as S. nivalis, hirculus,&c. are marsh plants; all are of easy culture.
Saxifraga crassifolia, as a tea-plant, 4319.
Saxifrage,— see Saxifraga.
Scabiosa, scabious, tetran. monog. and dipsacezx, G. tr. C. B.S. and H. peren. and an. Eur. all of easy culture in common light soil.
Scabious,— see Scabiosa.
Sczevola, pentan. monog. and goodenovee, a S. tr. and G. tr. and peren. W. Ind. and Austral. which grow freely in loam and peat, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Scammony,—see Convolvulus scammonia.
Scandix, cicely, pentan. dig. and umbelliferez, H. an. Eur. and Persia, of easy culture
Scandix cerefolium, chervil, 4107.
Scandix odorata, sweet cicely, 4314.
Scare: for birds and vermin, used in gardening,
1D.
Schabol, Jean-Roger, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1767.
Schefferia, dicec. tetran, and«ss, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and may be increased by layers or cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
Scheuchzeria, hexan. trig. and alismacer, a H. peren. Engl. a marsh plant increased by seeds. Schiller, 1. K., his works on gardening, page 1125.
A. D. 1795.
Schinus, dicec. decan. and terebintacee, G. tr. and H. tr. S. Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not short- ened, will root freely in sand under a hand- glass.
Schisandra, moneec. pentan. and menispermee, a G. tr. N. Amer. a climber which grows in sandy peat and loam, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Schk. Hand., Botanisches Handbuch. Von Christ. Schkuhr.
Schkuhria, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, a H. an. Mex. of common culture.?
Schmahling, L. C., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1786.
Schmersail, 1. F., his works on gardening, page 1123.
170-.
page 1130. A. D. 178-.
Schmidt, Christian Francis, his work on gardeninge
sil 4. Dl! cheeflels, J 4, D.
perell yn loall under 4 rele wh git, ichrotter’s i p. I SchweitZ! Schwenki bien. G Schwobbe Scilla, sqU perell‘ easy cl Scilla esc Scions for Scirpus,| cee, a§ grasses Scirpus tl Scleranth H, pere sandy st Sclerocarp feree, a Solerothat G, tr, of peat, al bell-gla: Scleroxyl G, tr and np ]ass, Scolopenc filicee, earth in Scolymus, cichorac As, and Scone Pal Scoparia, an. Jat Scopolia Ind. ¥ root il Scorpio1 Scorpio Scorpiul minos Scorzon cichor cultu Scorzon Scotlan Scottia, N. Hi young under Screen] Screens Screens Screw-
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Schmidt, 1. C. E., his works on gardening, page 1124. A. D. 1776.
Scheeffer, J. C., his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D, 1761.
Schoenbrunn(fine brook, or well), gardens of, at Vienna, 205. and 218.
Scheenus, bog-rush, trian. monog. and cyperacee, H, peren. Brit. of the easiest culture in marshy
round. otia, decandria monogynia and leguminoseee, S. tr. C.B.S. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings in pots of sand, plunged in mould (not in tan) under a hand-glass, will soon strike root.
Sohrankia, polyg. monec. and leguminosee, a S. peren, and G, peren. N. and S. Amer. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a bell-glass.
Schreiber, I. C., bis work on gardening, page 1197. A. D. 1820.
Schrotter, J. Sm., his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1802.
Schweitzingen, Duke of Baden’s gardens at, 214.
Schwenkia, dian. monog. and scrofularinee, a S. bien. Guinea, of easy culture.
Schwobber, gardens of, in Hanover, 204.
Scilla, squill, hexan. monog. and asphodelee, a G. peren. and H. peren. Eur. and C. B.S. bulbs of easy culture.
Scilla esculenta, the quamash, 4534.
Scions for grafting(scéon, Fr.), 2043.
Scirpus, club-rush, triand. monogynia and cypera- cee, a S. peren. E. Ind. and H. peren. Brit. marsh grasses of easy culture.
Scirpus tuberosus, the water-chestnut, 6032.
Scleranthus, knawel, decan. dig. and portulacez, a H. peren. and an. Brit. which grow best in light, sandy soil, and are easily propagated.
Sclerocarpus, syngen. polygam. frust. and corymbi- feree, a G. an. Guinea, of common culture.
Sclerothamnus, decan. monog. and leguminosez, a G. tr. of N. Holl. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Scleroxylon, pentandria monogynia and sapotee, a G. tr. C.B.S. which grows in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Scolopendrium, hart’s tongue, cryptog. filices and filicee, H. peren. Brit. of easy culture in peat earth in the shade, or in pots.
Scolymus, golden thistle, sygen. polyg. equal. and cichoracez, a F. bien. and H. peren, and an. Eur. As. and Afr. of easy culture.
Scone Palace, Perthshire, 7636.
Scoparia, tetran. monog. and scrophularinee, a S. an. Jamaica, of common culture.
Scopolia, pentan. monog. and thymelee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Scorpion-grass,— see Myosotis.
Scorpion-senna, coronilla emerus.
Scorpiurus, caterpillar, diadelph. decan, and legu- minosez, H. an. S. Eur. of common culture,
Scorzonera, viper’s grass, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, H. peren. and bien. Eur. of common culture.‘
Scorzonera hispanica, the garden viper’s grass, 3746.
Scotland, gardens and residences of, 7615.
Scottia, diadel. decand. and leguminosee, a G, tr. N. Holl. which thrives in loam and peat, and young cuttings, taken off at a joint, root in sand under a bell-glass.
Sereen-plantations, 6794. and 6819.
Screens for sheltering wall-trees, 1495.
Screens for sifting earth, 1392.
GENERAL INDEX.
Sea-kale, crambe maritima,— see Crambe.
Sea-lavender,— see Statice.
Sea-parsnep,— see Echinophora.
Sea-rocket, cakile maritima.
Sea-side grape,— see Coccoloba.
Sea-side laurel, phillanthus latifolius.
Sea-side oat,—see Uniola.
Seats, as garden decorations, 1816. to 1820.
Sebexa, tetran. monog. and gentianee, a H. an,
C. B. S. of common culture.
Secale, rye, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. bien. and
an. of easy culture.
Secamone, pentan. dig. and asclepiadee, a S. and G. tr. Egypt and Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Securidaca, diadelphia octandria and legminosee, a S. tr. W. Ind. a climber which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a bell- glass.
Securinega, Otaheite myrtle,,dicec. pentan. and eu-
phorbiacee, a S. tr. which flowers freely in loam
and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under
a hand-glass.
Sedi, le Sieur de, a nurseryman at Lyons, 194.
Sedmere, a seat in Yorkshire, 7582.
Sedum, stoue-coa decan. penteg ae semperviveze, G. and F. tr. Madeira, and H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. and N. Amer. mostly succulents, which answer well in pots or in rockwork, and are readily increased by cuttings or dividing the plant.
Sedum telephium, the true orpine, 4312,
Seed-gardens, their formation, 7361; management, 7454,
Seed-market, in Mark Lane, London, 7515.
Seed-merchants or seedsmen, 7391.
Seed-room, 1705.
Seeds, physiology of, 716; duration of the vegetative principle in common garden-seeds, management ot the seed department in the nursery business, 7484,
Segelsteiner, George, his works on gardening, page 1123, A. D. 1702
Seidel, C. F., his works on gardening, page 1125. A. D. 1786.
Selago, didynam. gymnos. and verbenacee, Gy, tx ’. B. S. which grow in loam and peat, and cut- tings root freely in the same soil under a hand-
ass.
Self-heal,— see Prunella.
Seligmann, J. M., his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D. 1750.
Selinum, milk-parsley, pentan. dig. and umbelli- feree, H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture, and increased by dividing at the root or seeds.
Selkirkshire, as to gardening, 7622.
Selwood Park, Berkshire, 7561.
Sempervivum, houseleek, dodec. dodecag. and sem- pervivee, G, tr. H. peren. and an. Asia, C. B.S. and Eur. succulents, which answer well treated as sedum.
Senacia, pentandria monogynia and rhamnee, a Ss. tr. Bomb. which requires the same treatment as celastrus.
Senecio, groundsel, syngen. polyg. super. and corym- bifereze, a S. peren. G. tr. and bien. C. B.S and H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. which grow in light soil, and are easily increased by the ordinary means.
Sensitive plant, mimosa sensitiva.
Septas, heptandria heptagynia and sempervivee, G. peren. C. B. S. succulents which grow in loam and peat, require little water when not in a growing state, and are increased by dividing at the roots.
Septfoil,— see Tormentilla.
Sepulchral structures, as garden buildings, 1792.
Screw-pine—see Pandanus.
Screw-tree,— see Helicteres.
Scrophularia, fig-wort, didyn. angios. and scrophu- larinee, G. bien. and an. and F. and H, peren. Eur, and Amer. of easy culture.
Sculptures, 1843.
Sculptures, vegetable, 1844.
Scunk-weed, pothos foetida.
Scurvy-grass,— see Cochlearia.
Scutellaria, skull-cap, didyn. gymnos. and labiateze, a S. peren. and G, tr. W. Ind. and Crete, and H. peren. Eur. of common culture.
Serapias, gynandria monandria and orchidee, G. peren. S. Eur. which thrive in loam and peat, and are increased by dividing at the root or by seeds.
Seriana, octan. trig. and sapindee, S. tr. S. Amer. which thrive in sandy loam, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Seriola, syngen. polyg. zequal. and cichoracee, H. peren. S. Eur, of easy culture.
Serissa, pentan. monogynia and rubiacee, a G. tr. Japan, which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root freely under a hand-glass in sand.
Serpicula, moneec, tetrandria and onagraree, a G,
Scythe, different sorts used in gardening, 1435, and 1473.
Sea-buckthorn,— see Hippophae.
Sea-heath,— see Frankenia.
Sea-holly, eryngium maritimum.
peren, C. B.S. a creeper which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in sand.
Serratula, saw-wort, syngen, polygam. zqualis and
413
19292
cynarocephalez, H. peren. Eur. of common cul- ture.
Serruria, tetran, monog, and proteacee, G. tr. and a H. tr. C. B.S. tree flowerers which require the same treatment as protea.
Sersalisia, pentan. monog. and sapotee, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings root readily in sand under a hand- glass.
Service-tree,—see Pyrus.
Sesamum, oily grain, didyn. angios. and bignonia- cee, S. an. of easy culture.
Sesbana, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a S. tr. bien. and an. E, Ind. of common culture. The S. species is a beautiful plant.
Seseli, meadow-saxifrage, pentan. dig. and umbelli- ferez, H. peren. bien, and an. Eur. and N, Amer, of easy culture.
Sesleria, trian. monoy. and graminez, H. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Sesuvium, icos. di-pentag. and ficoidez, S. peren. and an. W. Ind. and S. Amer. succulents which grow in loam and peat, and are easily propa- gated.
Shade, in arboriculture, 6765.
Shallot, allium ascalonicum,— see Allium.
Shanbally, a seat in Tipperary, 7657.
Shane’s Castle, a seat in Antrim, 7684,
Shardeloes, a seat in Buckinghamshire, 7547.
Sharrock, Robert, LL.D., his works on gardening, page 1100. A. D. 1660,
Shaw, Janes: his work on gardening, page 1111.
794.
Shaw, William, his work on gardening, page 1113. A. D. 1807.
Shaw Park, a seat in Clackmannanshire, 7633,
Shears, garden, different sorts of, 1333.
Sheep’s beard,—see Arnopogon.
Sheep's scabious— see Jasione.
Sheffield Place, Sussex, 7531.
Shelter, in arborieulture, 6762.
Shenstone, William, his writings on gardening, page 1106. A. D. 1764.
Shepherd’s club, verbascum thapsus.
Shepherd’s purse, thlaspi bursa pastoris.
Sherardia, field-madder, tetran. monog. and rubia- cee, H. an. Brit. weeds.
Sherborne Castle, Dorsetshire, 7598.
Sherborne House, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Sherbourne Castle, Oxfordshire, 7558.
Sherwood Lodge, Surrey, 7527.
Shewhing, or shoughing, a Scotch term for the operation of earthing in, or laying in plants by the heels, for temporary purposes.
Shield- fern,—see Aspidium.
Shifting, the transplanting of plants in pots, dif- ferent methods of performing, 2104,
Shincliffe Hall, Durham, 7584.
Shipley, a seat in Derbyshire, 7574.
Shobden Court, Herefordshire, 7568.
Shore-weed, littorella lacustris.
Short-grove, Essex, 7542.
Shovel, 1301.
Shovelling, 1866.
Shrub Hill, Surrey, 7527.:
Shrubbery, forming the, 6130; situation, soil, walks, fence, resérve-ground, 6131. to 6137.
Shrubbery, planting of, 6158; in the mingled man- ner, select manner, systematic manner, general practice, fruit-trees in shrubberies, decorations, 6139. to 6160.§
Shrubbery, its culture and management, 6187; times of planting and sowing, pruning, training, thinning, and dressing, grass plots, protecting, water, insects, 6188. to 6201.
Shrubbery, considered in respect to landscape-gar- dening, 6802.
Shrubby trefoil, ptelea trifoliata.
Shrubs, ornamental, select, deciduous, evergreen, climbing, selection for particular purposes, for concealing vertical and horizontal defects, of rapid and bulky growth, which thrive under the shade and drip of trees, for margins of water, rocks, edgings and hedges, highly odoriferous, orna- mental by their fruit as well as flowers, for bota- nical or economical purposes, for shrubberies of limited extent, 6542. to 6587.
Shugborough House, Staffordshire, 7570.
Sibbaldia, pentan. pentag. and rosacee, H. peren. Eur. Alpines which grow in loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings, under a hand- glass.;
Sibthorpia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinez, a H.
GENERAL INDEX.
peren. Eng. which grows well in peat and loam in rockwork or in pots, and is increased by divid-
Soe auie side“4 tckler, Francis Karl Ludwig, his wo
«jing Page 1126. A. D. iad es ee
Sickler, T. Volkman, hi c i een panneon n, his works on gardening, page
Sicyos, single-seeded cucumber, moncec. monad. and cucurbitacee, a H. an. Amer. of common culture,
Sida, monad. polyan. and malvacee, S. and G. tr. bien. and an. E. and W. Ind. C. B.S. and S. Amer, which flower freely in rich light soil, and are readily increased by seeds, or cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
Side-saddle flower,— see Sarracenia.
Sideritis, ironwort, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez, G. and F. tr. peren. and an. S, Eur. and E. Ind. which grow freely in rich light soil, and are readily in- creased by cuttings.
Siderodendrum, iron-tree, tetran. monog. and rubia- cew, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows in loam and peal and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass.
Sideroxylon, iron-wood, pentan. monog. and sa- pote, a G. tr. C. B. S. which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings, a little ripened, root in sand under a hand-glass.
Siegel, his works on gardening, page 1196. x D. 1802. aie see
Siegesbeckia, syngen. polyg. superf. and corymbi- ferez, H. an. India and Peru, of common culture.
Sec A.C., his work on gardening, page 1125,
. L797.
Sieve, the garden, 1394.
Silene, catchfly, decan. trig. and caryophyllee, G. bien. and H. peren. bien. and an. a numerous genus, which thrive in light soil, suit well for rockwork or pots, and are readily increased by division, seeds, or cuttings.
Silene inflata, the bladder-catchfly, 3952.
Silk cotton tree,—see Bombax.
Silphium, syngen. polygam. necess. and corymbife- ree, H. peren. N. Amer. robust, unsightly plants, easily increased.
Silva, Sigismondo, his work on gardening, page 1128. A. D. 1803.
Silver-tree, leucadendron argenteum.
Simplicists,—see Physic Gardeners.
Sinapis, mustard, tetrad. siliq. and crucifereze, a G. tr. and a H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. and E. Ind. of easy culture.
Sinapis alba and nigra, white and black mustard, 4020.
Sinapis arvensis, field-mustard, 4287.
Sinapis Pekinensis, 4335,
Sinclair, Sir John, his writings on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1813.
Single-seeded cucumber, sicyos angulata.
Sion,— see Scion.
Sion Hill, a seat in Middlesex, 7521.
Sion House, Middlesex, 7522.
Sison, honewort, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, H. peren. and an. Brit, and Siber. of easy culture. Sisymbrium, tetrad. siliq. and cruciferee, a G. tr.
Canaries, and H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. which grow in any soil, but most of them prefer a moist situation: S. tenuifolium, however, grows on old
walls.
Sisymbrium officinale, common water-cress, 4052.
Site(sétus, Lat.), the situation or ground on which a building, garden, or other object stands.
Sium, water-parsnep, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, H. peren. Eur. and China, chiefly aquatics,
Sium sisarum, the skirret, 3740.
Skelton Castle, Yorkshire, 7582.
Skibo, a seat in Sutherlandshire, 7646,
Skirret,— see Sisum.
Skull-cap,— see Scutellaria.
Slaine Castle, a seat in Eastmeath, 7661.
Slaines Castle, a seat in Aberdeenshire, 7639.
Sligo, county of, as to gardening, 7675.
Slip, a stripe of ground.
Slipper-wort,— see Calceolaria.
Slips, to propagate by, 1989.
Slo. hist.? A voyage to the islands of Madeira, Bar-
Slo. jam.§ badoes, Nevis, St. Christopher’s, and
Jamaica; with the natural history of the last of
those islands. By Hans Sloane.
Sloane Square, London, 7321.
Sloanea, polyan. monog. and tiliacew, a S. tr. S. Amer. which thrives in loam and peat, and cut- tings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass.,
pered jight sant
yoo. mila, fl and perel rich lig at thet tings. Smith, Si on garde Smithiay B. Ind. ¢ Smut,— 5° Smyrniull ree, H+ P easy cult Smyrnium alisandet Snail,—S Snake's be Snake's t0) Snakewooe Snap-drag’ Snap-tree,
1715. Snow-bert Snow-droy Snow-flak Soap-bert) Soap-wort, Society of| 1103, A. Society of dening, f Sod, a tur Tasses,
ae Soderini,| gardenil Soderni,§.
1811, Soft.grass, Soft-woode Soil, 927; earthy s¢ Soils, as in ing on t more c0 Soils, inn ation,| grediel lands 2 neous condit fluenc Sir H thwait Soils, tal 1034; soil to Solandré maica tended of rest Cuttin Solanum Sand all of Solanut Solanw Solanu the| Soldan
flua 2
Lape ites 4d loam Uitte by dina
hiv arden,
1 Batt wre
Mote, Amer, of tom,
Irae, Sand Gy
CBS and me
light sl, and tt
OF Cuttings wll ry
ena,
105, and labiatee, 6, nd Tod, which
ald ate readily in.
aH, Mone and rubia. 1§UOWS 10 lta and Sand under a hand,
Man, mone, and. ch thrives in Jam and Tipeled, root tn send
, pae Is
atcha
bak.
_ neces an coi. robust ugh plans,
rk on gardening, pope rpenteut arene
lig and erucferee,& n and at, Bur, ad
te and Hack mustard, a, AT,
ings 0 gardening, PP ons angulat
et,[il
ani unbelifre, i ofall apf eruere®, 2 bien, ad a, Bur, wed
i) “senna non ert ci or ground wich pbelliferee
‘a i, TH eget 8
fea OT na perder ist ening,(0
$ gl, 4§, the i BO al A a meet
Slopes, a shrubbery at Windsor, 6159.
Slug,— see Limax.
Sluices, their form and situation, 1951,
Small salads, 4078; to force, 3402.
Smilacina, hexan. monog. and smilacee, H. peren North Amerca, which succeed best in light sandy soil, and are increased by dividing the root.
Smilax, dicec. hexan. and smilacex, G. and F. tr. and peren. which grow freely in loam and peat on rich light soil, and are increased by dividing at the root, and the woody kinds also by cut- tings.
Smith, Sir James Edward, M.D. F.R.S., his writings on gardening, page 1110. A.D. 1792.
Smithia, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, aS. an. E. Ind. of easy culture,
Smut,—see Ustilago.
Smyrnium, alexanders, pentan dig. and umbellife- ree, H. peren. and a bien. Eur. and N. Amer. of easy culture.
Smyrnium olusatrum, the garden alexanders or alisanders, 3948.
Snail,— see Helix.
Snake’s beard, ophiopogon japonicus.
Snake’s tongue, lygodium scandens.
Snakewood, cecropia peltata.
Snap-dragon, antirrhinum majus,
Snap-tree, justicia hyssopifolia.
Sneeze-wort, achillea ptarmica.
Snow, its formation, 1254; heat from,&c. 1207.
Snow, T., his works on gardening, page 1102. A. D. 1715.
Snow-berry, chiococca racemosa.
Snow-drop, galanthus nivalis.
Snow-flake,—see Leucojum.
Soap-berry,— see Sapindus.
Soap-wort,— see Saponaria.
Society of Gardeners, their work on gardening, page 1103. A.D. 1730.
Society of Practical Gardeners, their work on gar- dening, page 1112. A.D. 1802.
Sod, a turf, or thin layer of earth, covered with grasses, taken from a lawn or pasture with a spade.
Soderini, G. and Bernardo Davazati, their work on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1622.
Soderni, S., his works on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 1811
Soft-grass,— see Holcus.
Soft-wooded timber-trees, 7125.:
Soil, 927; mixed soils, 928; aquatic soils, 929; earthy soils, 930; vegetable soils, 938.
Soils, as indicated by spontaneous vegetables grow- ing on them, 1036; list of plants indicating the more common soils, 1037.
Soils, improvement of, 1068; by pulverisation, aer- ation, alteration, removal of superabundant in- gredients, incineration, changing the lands as to water, draining, embanking, subterra- neous irrigation, surface irrigation, changing the condition of lands in respect to atmospherical in- fluence, solar influence, shelter, rotation of crops, Sir H. Davy’s opinion on rotations, Grisen- thwaite’s opinion, 1069. to 1110.: F
Soils, table of, their nomenclature and classification, 1034; discovering their qualities, 1035; uses of soil to vegetables, 1051.
Solandra, pentan. monog. maica, free-growing plants, W tended they should flow of rest by withholding wate
Cuttings root easily. Solanum, nightshade, p S. and G. tr. peren, an: 1 all of easy culture in light rich soil. Solanum lycopersicum, the love-apple, 4259. Solanum melongena, the egg-plant, 4266. Solanum tuberosum, the potatoe, the potatoe, 5381.
Soldanella, pentan. monog. and primulacee, H. plants, which| Spermacoce, button-weed,
in two thirds peat and one third sandy loam; they are increased
peren. Germ. alpines, pretty little grow well in rockwork or in pots,
by parting the root. Soldier-wood, inga purpurea.
Solidago, golden rod, syngenesia polygamia super- flua and corymbiferee, H. peren. N. Amer. and
Eur. large cumbersome plants of the easiest cul
ture. Solomon’s seal,—see Polygonatum.: Somerfeldt, Christian, his work on gardening, pag 13$
178-.
GENERAL INDEX.
condition of| Sparganium,
entan. monog. and solanez, I dan. and H. peren. andan. tings root readily unde
3644; to force Spergula, spurrey, decan. pentag
1223
Somersetshire, gardens and residences of, 7599.
Somolus, brook-weed, pentan. monog. and primula- cee, a G. peren. N.S. W. and 2 peren. Brit. The first grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a hand-glass; the other prefers a moist situation, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Sonchus, sow-thistle, syngen. polyg. equal. and ci- choracee, G. tr. and H. peren. Madeira, N. Amer. and Eur. of easy culture.
Sonchus oleraceus, the common sow-thistle, 4299.
Sonnini, C. S., his works on gardening, page 1121. A.D. 1804.
Sophiowski, a fine seat in Podolia, now much ne- glected, 264.
Sophora, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a S. tr. India, H. tr. Japan, and H. peren. Eur.; the tender species thrive well in light loam, and cut- tings root in sand under a hand-glass; the hardy herbs require a rich loam, and are increased by seeds or dividing at the root.
Sorghum, polyg. moncec. and graminee, a S. bien. and H, peren. and an. As. and Eur. of easy cul- ture.
Sorocephalus, tetran. monog. and proteacee, G. tr. C. B. S. which require to be treated as protea.
Sorrel,— see Rumex.
Sour gourd, adansonia digitata.
South American fruits deserving cultivation, 6020.
South Lodge, Middlesex, 7520.
South Sea tea, ilex vomitoria.
Southam House, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Southern-wood, artemisia abrotanum.
Southgate Grove, Middlesex, 7520.
Sow-thistle,— see Sonchus.
Sowerbea, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, a G. peren. N.S. W. which thrives in peat soil with plenty of water, and is increased by dividing at the root.
Sowerby, James, F.L.S., his works on gardening,
page 1110. A.D. 1789.
Sowing, different modes of performing the oper-
ation, 2071.
Spade, Roman(go), Italian(zappa), French(beche), and Chinese, 31.
Spade, spit or spitter(spada, Lat. and Sax. spade, Dan.), an implement for penetrating and breaking up the soil, different kinds of, 1300.
Spananthe, pentan. dig. and umbelliferee, a S. bien, Caraccas, of easy culture.
Spanish elm, cordia geraschanthus.
Spanish nut, morea sisyrinchium.
Sparaxis, triandr. monogyn. and iridee, G. peren. C. B.§. bulbs which require the same treatment as ixia.
Spardoni, Paulo, his work on gardening, page 1128. A.D. 181€
bur-reed, moneec. trian. and aroidex, H. peren. Brit. marsh plants, of easy culture.
Sparrmannia, polyan. monog. and tiliacee, a G. tr. C. B. S. which grows in loam and peat, and cut- tings root readily under a hand-glass.
Sparrow-wort,— see Passerina.
Spartium, broom, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, G. and H. tr. Europe and Africa, which thrive in
¢ loam and peat, and are readily increased by
seeds, or by young cuttings in sand under a bell-
and solaneacee, S. tr. Ja- glass hich, when it is in- er, must be put in a state C, Bas Ew. r till their leaves drop. protea.
Spatalla, tetran. monog. and proteacee, G. tr. 5. which require the same treatment as
Spathelia, pentan. trig. and terebintacez, a S. tr. Jamaica, which thrives in light loam, and cut- ra hand-glass. Speechly, William, his works on gardening, page 1108. A.D. 1779. Speedwell,— see Veronica. . and caryophyllee,
H. peren. and an. of easy culture in soft moist
soil. tetran. monog. and ru-
biacee, a S. tr. peren. and bien. As. and Afr. which grow freely in loam and peat, and are in- creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seeds.
Spheranthus, syngen. polyg. segreg. and cynaroce-
easy culture.
Spherolobium, decan. monog. and leguminosez, G. tr. N. Holl. pretty plants, which grow in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily in sand under 2 bell-glass.
ce
AN
phalez, a S. peren. E. Ind. and G. an. C. B.S. of
ya
SE ees Sa eS I ee
Sphenogyne, syngén. polyg. frustran, and corymbi- feree, G. tr. anda H. an. C. B. S. which thrives well in light rich soil, and cuttings, in the shade, under a hand-glass, root freely.
Sphinx elpenor, the elephant hawk-moth, 6193.
Spiderwort,—see Tradescantia.
Spielmannia, didyn. angios. and verbenacez, a G. tr. C. B.S. which may be treated as sphenogyne. Spigelia, worm-grass, pentan. monog. and gentianez, aS. an. W. Ind. and H. peren. Amer. which are best grown in loam and peat, and are readily in-
creased by cuttings.
Spignell,— see Athamanta.
Spike-rush,—see Eleocharis._:
Spikenard, valeriana satamansi. V. celtica and officinalis may be used as substitutes by those who prefer this sort of perfume.
Spilanthes, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferez, aS. peren. bien. and an. E. Ind. and S. Amer. which grow in rich light soil, and are readily in- creased either by seeds or cuttings.
Spinaceous plants, 3766.;
Spinacia oleracea, the common spinage, 3767.
Spinage, spinacia oleracea, 3766.
Spindle-tree,— see Euonymus.
Spirea, icos. di-pentag. and rosacer, H. tr. and peren. Eur, and N. Amer. all of easy culture.
Spirea filipendula, dropwort, 4304.
Spitz, A.C., his work on gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1798.
Spleenwort,—see Asplenium,
Spofforth, a residence near Wetherby, Yorkshire, 7582.
Spondias, hog-plum, decan. pentag. and terebin- tacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which grow freely in loam and peat, and large cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Sponge-tree, mimosa farnesiana.
Sporobolus, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. an. India, of the easiest culture.
Spratsborough Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Sprengel, Kurt, his Gazette of Gardening, page 1126. A. D. 1804.
Sprengelia, pentan. monog. and epacridez, a G. tr. N.S. W. which thrives in sandy peat, with the pots well drained, and kept rather in a shady aspect; young cuttings root in sand under a bell- glass.
Spring Garden, a seat in Galway, 7672.
Spring-grass,— see Anthoxanthum.
Spring Grove, Middlesex, 7520.
Spurge,—see Euphorbia.
Spurrey,— see Spergula.
Squares, public, laid out as gardens, 7319; Russel Square, Sloane Square, Edward’s Square.&c. 7320. to 7322.
Squash, cucurbita melopepo.
Squill,— see Scilla.
Staavia, pentan. monog. and rhamnee, G. tr. C. B. S. which thrive in sandy peat, and young cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Stable-dung, 1971.
Stachys, hedge-nettle, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez, a G. tr. and peren. S. Amer. and C. B.S. and H. peren. and an. Eur. of the easiest culture.
Stachytarpheta, bastard vervain, dian. monog. and verbenacee, S. tr. bien. and a G, bien. W. Ind. and S. Amer. pretty plants, which thrive in rich light soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand- glass in heat. pete
Stackpoo] Court, a seat in Pembrokeshire, 7609.
Stehelina, syngen. polyg.«qual. and cynaroce- phalez, G. tr. and a H. tr. S. Eur. which grow in rich light soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Staff-tree,— see Celastrus.
Staffordshire, gardens and residences of, 7570.
Stamford Court, Worcestershire, 7566.
Standish, Arthur, a writer on gardening, page 1099. A. D. 1613.
Stanmore House, Middlesex, 7521.°
Stanstead House, Sussex, 7531.
Stanton Harold, Leicestershire, 7573.
Stapelia, pentan. dig. and asclepiadexw, D. S. tr. C. B.S. succulents which grow in sandy loam and old lime, with brick rubbish, with little water. In light rich soil they grow more luxuriantly, but are very apt to damp off if they happen to get too much water; they are readily increased by cut- tings, and some by suckers.
Staphylea, bladder-nut, pentan. trig. and rhamnea, H. tr. which grow in any soil, and are readily
1224 GENERAL INDEX.
Star-apple,— see Chrysophyllum.
Star of Bethlehem,— see Ornithogalum
Star of the earth, plantago coronopus,;
Star-thistle, centaurea calcitrapa,
Star-wort,— see Aster.
Starkea, syngen. polyg. super. and cor bi a S. peren. Jamaica, which thrives SEN ERE soil, and cuttings root readily under a hand-glass,
Statice, sea-lavender, pentan. pentag. and plum. baginee, G. tr. and peren. C. B.S. and S, Eur. F. and H. peren. Afr. and Eur. The tender kinds srow in sandy loam and peat, the others in light soil, and all are increased by dividing the root or by seeds,;
Statistics of British gardening, 7375; different con- ditions of men engaged in the practice and pursuit of gardening, 7377; operators or serving gardeners, iors Seren ets 7388; garden-coun- sellors or artists, 7; patrons of gardeni 737 eves' 5p of gardening, 7378,
Statistics of British gardening, different kinds of gardens, 7412; private British gardens, 7413; commercial gardens, 7453; public gardens, 7490; leading gardens of the different counties parti- cularised, 7510.
Staunton, Nottinghamshire, 7580.
Stauracanthus, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, a F. tr. Portugal, which grows in loam and peat, and is increased by seeds or young cuttings in sand under a bell-giass.
Steele, feherd; his work on gardening, page 1110.
. 1793.
Stelis, gynan. monan. and orchidez, S. peren. W. Ind, a parasite which may be treated as aérides, and increased by dividing at the root,
Stellaria, stitchwort, decan. trig. and caryophyl- lee, H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture in sandy soil.:;
Stellera, octan. dig. and thymelex, a H. tr. S. Eur. which grows in light soil, and may be increased by cuttings under a hand-glass or by layers.
Stemodia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinex, a S. peren. S. Amer. which thrives in light, rich soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in heat.
Stenanthera, pentan. monog. and epacridex, a G. tr, N. S. W. a beautiful plant which grows in loam and peat well drained, and young cuttings root m sand under a bell-glass.
Stenochilus, didyn. angios. and myoporiner, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a bell-glass.
Stephanus, Morinus, a French author on garden- ing, page 1116. A. D. 1658.
Stephenson, David, M. A., his work on gardening, page 1104. A. D. 1746.
Sterculia, moneec. monad. and sterculiacee, S. tr. and a G, tr. E, and W. Ind. which thrive in loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, root readily in sand under a hand- glass in moist heat.
Sternberg, Baron Von, his works on gardening, page 1127. A. D. 181.-.
Stevia, syngen. polygam. equal. and corymbiferez, a F. peren. H. peren. and an. Mexico. which answer best in loam and peat, in pots, and cut- tings root readily under a hand-glass,
Stewart Hall, a:seat in Tyrone, 7679.
Stilago, dicec. trian. and terebintacezx, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loamy soil, and cuttings may be rooted in sand under a hand-glass.
Stillingfleet, Benjamin, his writings on gardening, page 1105, A. D. 1759.
Stillingia, moneec. monad. and euphorbiaceex, a G. tr. G. peren. and H. tr. China and N. Amer. which grow in loam and peat and cuttings root under a hand-glass; the tender kinds in sand.
Stinking horehound,— see Ballota.
Stipa, feather-grass, trian. dig. and graminex, a H. an. S. Amer. and H. peren. Eur. of easy cul- ture.
Stirlingshire, gardens of, 7631.
Stirring the soil, use of, 2591;—and see Soils, their improvement.'
Stisser, J. A., his works on gardening, page 1123 A. D. 1697.
Stitchwort,— see Stellaria.
Stizolobium, cow-itch, diadelph. decand. and legu- minosee, S. tr. W. and E. Ind. which thrive well in light, rich soil, and young cuttings root in sand under a bell-glass.
Stobzea, syngen, polyg. equal. and cynarocephalez, a
increased by seeds or layers.
G, tr. C.B.S. which may be treated as stizolobium.
a G, perel in rich, be
glass. stokestoW”s
/0/}- Stole(from®
when cut| Stone-CkOPs Stone-iruits stonehata E Stones, ho#
Storax,—§ stork’s bill, Stornbergs I Stourhead, Stout Hall, Stout’s Stove, dry,: Stove, mols Stove-plant Stowe, 2 8¢ Stowels, 2§ Stradballey Stradmore Stramoniull Strapwort, C Stratiotes, V charidez, only requ rium, Stratton Pa Straw covel Strawberry, Strawberry: Strawberry Strawberry- Streams of W 7983. Streathamn,| Street-gard Strelitzia,| C.B.S.1 creased s on the§ perfect Streptopu Hung, sandy s¢ root. Structure structw paper f glass tel
Structure: pit, flue with ris
Structures mud wal
mud or gular y Mats or roof framed horizo 1556, t Structur
Structure Strumaria ren, C,
decayed
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136; diffrent
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et kinds of I fatten, 74]3. publi naa et Cs ya,
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at the root,
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ant with d young cuttings rot m
is work on gate,
and serciaoee, Sth a. which thrive in ha iting, not dep in sad under d hat
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GENERAL
Stock,— see Mathiola. id
Stocks for grafting, science of, 2020. to 2024.
Steeke, syngen. polygam. segreg. and corymbiferex, G. tr. C. B.S. which may be treated as stizolo- bium.
Stoke, a seat in Herefordshire, 7568.
Stoke-hole, the excavation in one side of which hot-house furnaces are often built, and the hole contains fuel for its supply.
Stoke House, Giouceatcmtaney 7565.
Stoke Park, Buckinghamshire, 7547.
Stoke Park, Wiltshire, 7597.
Stokeld, Yorkshire, 7582.
Stokesia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cynarocephalee, a G. peren. Carolin. a pretty plant which grows in rich, light soil, and roots freely under a hand-
lass.
Stokestown, a seat in the county of Roscommon, 7671.
Stole(from sfolo, Lat. a shoot or twig), trees which, when cut over by the surface, shoot up again.
Stone-crop,— see Sedum
Stone-fruits, catalogue of, 4480.
Stoneham Park, Hampshire, 7594.
Stones, how to operate with in gardening-scenery, 7230.
Storax,— see Styrax.
Stork’s bill,— see Pelargonium.
Stornberg, his plan of a Chinese garden, 478,
Stourhead, a seat in Wiltshire, 7597.
Stout Hall, Glamorganshire, 7608.
Stout’s Hill, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Stove, dry,— see Dry-stove.
Stove, moist, or bark-stove,— see Bark-stove.
Stove-plants,— see Bark-stove and Dry-stove.
Stowe, a seat in Buckinghamshire, 7548.
Stowels, a seat in Gloucestershire, 7565.
Stradballey Hall, in Queen’s County, 7659.
Stradmore Vale, a seat in Cardiganshire, 7607.
Stramonium, datura stramonium.
Strapwort, corrigiola littoralis.
Stratiotes, water-soldier, dicec. dodec. and hydro- charidee, a H. peren. Eng. an aquatic which only requires to be thrown into a pond or aqua- rium.
Stratton Park, Hampshire, 7594.
Straw coverings used in gardening, 1508.
Strawberry,— see Fragaria.
Strawberry-blite,— see Blitum.
Strawberry Hill, Middlesex, 7520.
Strawberry-tree,—see Arbutus.
Streams of water, how to improve in garden-scenery, 7223.
Streatham, Surrey, 7527.
Street-gardens, 7292; their management, 7426.
Strelitzia, pentand. monogyn. and musacee, S. tr. C. B.S. which grow in sandy loam, and are in- creased slowly by suckers. By rubbing the pollen on the stigmas, when the plants are in bloom, perfect seeds are readily obtained.(Sweet.)
Streptopus, hexan. monog. and smilacex, H, peren. Hung. and N. Amer. which succeed best in light sandy soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Structures, in gardening, 1523; portable or moveable structures, canvass screen, Canvass curtain, oiled paper frame netting screen, common glass case, glass tent, common hot-bed frame, separating frame, moveable bottomed frame, Mallet’s frame, &e. 1524. to 1538.
Structures, partly moveable, 1539; earth-pit, bark- pit, flued pit, M‘Phail’s pit, Alderstone pit; pit with rising frame, West’s pit,&c., 1540. to 1544.
Structures, fixed, 1555; garden walls, brick, stone, or mud walls, solid brick wall, flued wall, cellular wall, mud or earth wall, boarded wall, wavy wall, an- gular wall, zigzag wall, square pier wall, nursery- man’s wall, piered wall, sheltering piers, arched or roofed walls, espalier rails, wooden espaliers, framed wooden espalier rail, cast-iron espalier rail, horizontal espalier rail, oblique espalier rail, 1556. to 1582.
Structures, permanent, 1583; hot-house, acumi- nated semi-globe, acuminated semi-dome, semi- ellipse, parallelogram wit: with ridge and furrow roof, polyprosopic hot- house, mushroom-houses, flued mushroom-houses, German mushroom-house, cold-houses, 1584. to
1627. Structures, their further improvement, 1850. nonog. and amaryllidex, G. pe-
h curved roof and ends,
INDEX.
a growing state, and are imcreased by offsets or
seeds.
Struthiola, tetrandria monogynia and thyme-
Jee, G. tr.C. B.S. which grow in sandy peat,
and young cuttings root freely in sand under a
bell-glass.
Strychnos, pentan, monog. and apocynea,§. tr. E.
Ind. which grow in sand and peat, and cuttings
root in sand under a bell-glass.
Stuartia, monad. polyan. and tiliacex, rity. NN
Amer. handsome plants which thrive in peat soil
or very sandy loam; they flower after attain-
ing a good size, and are increased by layers in peat.
Stub House, Durham, 7584.
Studley Royal, Yorkshire, 7582,
Stutthorpe, Yorkshire, 7582.
Stylidium, gynan. dian. and stylidex, a G. tr and
peren. Austral. which grow in sandy loam and
peat, and are increased by seeds or parting at the
root: the shrubby species by cuttings under a
hand-glass.
Styphelia, pentand. monogyn. and epacidex, G. tr. _S. W. beautiful plants which grow in sandy
loam and peat, and young cuttings root in sand
under a bell-glass.
Styrax, storax, decan. monogyn. and ebenacex, H.
tr. Italy and N. Amer. which thrive and flower
freely in light sandy loam, and are increased by layers or seeds.
Subularia, awlwort, tetrad. silic, and cruciferee, a
H. an. Brit. an aquatic of easy culture.
Suburban villa, 7285; suburban house, 7286; their
management, 7430.
Succise repullulant(from swccido, Lat. to cut down,
and repuilulo, Lat. to bud or sprout), trees which
stole, or which being cut over spring again.
Succory,— see Cichorium.
Succowia, tetrad. silic. and cruciferex, a H, an. Mi-
norca, of common culture.
Suckers to propagate by, 1992.
Sudborne Hall, Suffolk, 7552.
Suffocation, a disease of plants, 893.
Suffolk, gardens and residences of, Hi
Sufton Court, Herefordshire, 7568.
Sugar-cane,— see Saccharum.
Suir Castle, a seat in Tipperary, 7667.
Sulphur-wort,—see Peucedanum.
Sultan’s garden at Constantinople, 308,
Sumach,—see Rhus.
Summer Hill, a seat in Kent, 7538.
Sun-dew,—see Drosera.
Sun-dials, as garden-decorations, 1854,
Sun-fern, polypodium phegopteris.
Sun-flower,— see Helianthus.
Sun-rose,— see Helianthemum.
Supple-jack, paullinia polyphylla.
Surrey, gardens and residences of, 7524.
Surveyor of trees and timber, 7401.
Sussex, gardens and residences of, 7530.
Sutherlandia, diadel. decan, and leguminosee, C.B.S. which thrives in loam and peat, and is readily in- creased by seeds.
Sutherlandshire, gardens of, 7646.
Swallow-wort,— see Asclepias.
Sweet, Robert, F. L.S., his writings on gardening, page 1114. A. D. 1818.
Sweet flag, acorus calamus.
Sweet gale, myrica gale.
Sweet gum tree, liquidambar styraciflua.
Sweet herbs, 4131.
Sweet pea, lathyrus odoratus.
Sweeping, 1877.
Swertia, felwort, pentan. dig. and gentianee, a H. peren. Eng. a marsh plant which prefers a peat soil.
Swietenia, mahogany-tree, decan. monog. and me- leacee, S. tr. W. and E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat, and ripe cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, root freely in sand under a hand-glass in moist heat.
Swinden, N., his work on gardening, page 1108, A.D. 1778.
Swine’s succory,— see Hyoseris.
Swings as garden decorations, 1821.
Switzer, Stephen, his works on gardenin age 1102.’A. D. 1715.? Sade
Symphoria, St. Peter’s wort, pentan. monog. and ca- prifolee, a H. tr. N. Amer. a dwarf shrub which grows in the shade of other trees in any soil, and is increased by cuttings in the open ground.
552,
Strumaria, hexan. I ig.
ren. C, B. S. bulbs which thrive in sandy loam and ire little water when not in
decayed leaves, requ
Re a I Igy
Symphytum, comfrey, pentan. monog. and boragi- nex, H. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Synedrella, syngenesia polygamia superflua and corymbiferew, a S. an. W. Ind. of common cul- ture, 1749.
Syrian rue, peganum harmala.
Syringa, lilac, dian. monog. and oleinex, H. tr. Persia and China, of easy culture.
Syringa, common,— see Philadelphus.
Syringe, garden, different sorts of, 1418.
.
Tabern. ic., Icones plantarum(eadem ac in taber- nzmontani Krauterbuch).
Tabernemontana, pentan. dig. and apocynea, S. tr. W. and E. Ind. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-
lass.
Tanba, hexan. monog. and aroidex, S. peren. E. Ind. which grow in loam and peat with little water, and are increased by suckers.
Tacamahac, populus balsamifera.
Tagetes, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferex, a G. peren. and H. an. S. Amer. of common cul- ture.
Taille d’éte, summer pruning, 2138.
Taking vegetables or crops,—see Gathering.
Taliaris, a seat in Caermarthenshire, 7614.
Talinum, dodec. monogyn. and portulacez, S. tr. and bien. W. Ind. and S. Amer. of a succulent nature, which grow in light sandy loam, and cut- tings root freely.
Tallies, or numbering instruments, different kinds of, 1377.
Tallow-tree, stillingia sebifera.
Tamarind,— see Tamarindus.
Tamarindus, tamarind-tree, monadelph. trian. and leguminosee, a S. tr. W. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root under a bell- glass in sand.
Tamarisk,—see Tamarix.
Tamarix, tamarisk, pentan. trig. and portulacez, a S. tr. E. Ind. and H. tr. Eur. of easy culture, and increased by cuttings.
Tamus, black briony, dicec. hexan. and smilacez, a G. tr. C. B.S. and H. peren. Eur. The G, species T. elephantipes, or elephant’s foot, is a curious plant which thrives in light, rich soil, not overwatered when the plant is in a dormant state. Sweet recommends‘‘ young cuttings to be taken off at a joint, and planted in pots of sand in bottom heat under a hand-glass.”’(Bot, Cult. 262.) The H. sorts are of easy culture.
Tamus communis, the common black briony, 4285.
Tan,—see Bark for the use of tanners.
Tan-y-Bwlch Hall, a seat in Merionethshire, 7612.
Tanacetum, tansy, syngen. polyg. super. and corym- biferezw, G. tr. C. B.S. and H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture in common soil.
Tanacetum vulgare, the common tansy, 4187.
Tansy,— see Tanacetum.
Tarchonanthus, African fleabane, syngen. polygam. zqual. and corymbiferee, a G. tr. C. B. S. of easy culture.
Tare,—see Ervum.
Tatin, A., his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D.
18—.
Tatton Park, Cheshire, 7591.
Taurida, gardens of, 259.
Tavistock, a seat in Devonshire, 7600.
Taxus, yew-tree, dicec. monad. and coniferex, a G. tr. China, and H. tr. Brit. the exotic species grow in loam and peat, and roots, not without difficulty, by cuttings, in sand, under a bell-glass; the com- mon yew is increased only by seeds, 7122.
Taylor, Adam, his works on gardening, page 1107. A. D. 1769. i
Taymouth, a seat in Perthshire, 7636,
Tea-tree, camellia bohea and C. viridis.
Teak-wood,— see Tectona.
Teasel,— see Dipsacus.
Tectona, teak-wood, pentan. monogyn. and verbe- nacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. which grows in loam and peat; ripened cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.:
Teedia, didyn. angios. and scrophularinee, G. bien. C. B. S. of easy culture.
Teesdalia, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, a H. an. Brit. of common culture,
Telephium, orpine, pentan. trigyn. and portulacea, a it peren. S. Eur. well adapted for rockwork, and easily increased.
Telopea, waratah, tetran. monog. and proteacee,
1226 GENERAL INDEX.
a G. tr. N.S. W. one of the most beautiful of green-house plants, which grows in equal parts of loam, peat, and sand, well drained, not over- watered, and placed in an airy situation; ripened cuttings, taken off at a joint, just before growth commences, root in sand under a hand-glass, but not plunged in heat.
Temple, Sir William, his works on gardening, page 1101. A. D. 1685.
Temple Grove, formerly Sheen Grove, near East Sheen, Surrey, the seat of Sir William Temple’s horticultural operations referred to by Evelyn and himself. The house is now a boarding- school, 1666.
Templemore, a seat in Tipperary, 7667.
Temples, 1808.
Templetonia, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a G. tr. N. Holl. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and young cuttings root freely under a bell-glass in sand.
Temporary country-residence, 7281.
Tenthredinidee, a natural order of insects, compre- pending chiefly the Linnzan genus tenthredo, or saw-fly.
Tephrosia, diadel. decan. and leguminosez, S. and G. tr. peren. and bien. C. B.S. Ind. and Amer. which thrive in loam and peat, and are increased by cuttings in sand under a bell-glass.
Terebinthinate trees, such as have a resinous, or turpentine odor.
Terebration, a mode of grafting, 2038.
Teredo pinorum, the noctua pinastri, L. a moth whose caterpillar feeds on the leading shoot of the common pine, and often leaves that tree without a leader, 7044. and 900.
Terminalia, polyg. monec. and combretacee, S. tr. E. Ind. which grow in sandy loam, and ri- pened cuttings, not defoliated, root in sand under a bell-glass.
Terraces, 7256.
Tessier, A. H., his works on gardening, page 1120. A. D. 1791.
Tetragonia, icos. di-pentag. and ficoidee, G. tr. peren. bien. and an. C. B, S. and Austral. some- what succulent, which prefer sandy soil, and root readily by cuttings.
Tetragonia expansa, New Zealand spinage, 3794.
Tetragonotheca, syngen. polyg. super. and corym- bifereze, a H. peren. Virgin. which grows in light, rich soil, and is increased by dividing at the root, or by seed.
Tetratheca, octan. monogyn., and tremandree, a G. tr. N.S. W. a pretty plant, which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a bell- glass.
Tetseady Park, Cornwall, 7601.
Teucrium germander, didyn. gymnos. and labiatez, G.F. and H. tr. and H. peren. and an. Eur. and Amer. of easy culture in almost any soil.
Thalia, monan. monog. and cannex, a G. peren. S. Carolin. an aquatic, rather hardy, and in- creased by dividing at the root.
Thalictrum, meadow-rue, polyan. polyg. and ra- nunculacee, H. peren. Eur. and R Amer. some of which are adapted for rockwork, or growing in pots, and all are of easy culture.
Thame Park, Oxfordshire, 7558.
Thapsia, deadly carrot, pentan. dig. and umbel- lifereee, H. peren. Eur. of easy culture.
Thelygonum, moncec. polyan. and urticee, a H. an, S. Eur. of easy culture.
Thelymitra, gynand. monandr. and orchidezx, a G. peren. N.S. W. which grows in sandy loam and peat, and requires little water when not in a growing state.
Theobalds, a seat in Hertfordshire, 7544.
Theobroma, chocolate-nut, polyad. decan. and mal- vacee, S. tr. S. Amer. which grows in light, rich soil, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-
lass.
fnecmometer: different sorts of, for gardens, 1488, 1489, and 1490.
Thermopsis, decan. monog. and leguminosee, a H. peren. Siberia, a pretty plant, rather difficult of culture; it grows best in light loam, and is in- creased by seed.
Thesium, bastard toad-flax, pentan. monog. and santalacee, a G. tr. and H. peren. Eur. Amer. and C. B.S. of which the H. species grow best in chalky soil, and are increased by seeds, and the G. tr. is of common culture in light loam.
Theuss, Theodore, his works on gardening, page 1126. A. D, 1805.
t_) {160 se
qhierta's
vate ) ne
Thistle:=
ghlasp
gory,(a0 age 112.
1122. A. phrickelby F Thrift,— hrinax, he Ind, whic ercased by Thrincia,$) H. peren.
culture. Thrips, 4 ge! Throatwort, Thuja, arb0 a G, and tender kit creased b the hardy creased by Thumb-pot, Thunberg,» gardening, Thunbergia, E. Ind. a greater 3 peat, and hand-gl Thurso C Thymbra, ¢ tr. S. Eur root freel| Thyme,— Thymus, t G, Frand culture In
seeds. Thymus vl Thysanotu peren.| and isi Tiarella,
Tilburst Tile-root Tilia, lin Eur. 2 are in Tilia et Tilland 8. A para: othe caim Tillibo Timbel Timbel Tipper: ‘ipula
Tipu
500 arti ap
1 Grove, near Fas i Vii Tana Emel to by Biel DOW boa,
Ny, 160),
leuminosee, a6 endy ham and peat Wet 2 bel las
ia, det ois, tae. Ge enn,
§, ant B,§ Ind, and Amer eal ad are increased bell pas
as have@ resinous or
ing, 2%,
la pina, L. 2 moth the leading soot fhe eaves that re without
and combretarea,§, in sandy loam, andr. ated, root in sand under
mn arening, page 112,
p, ant fnidee, G, tr, 38, and Austral, same. pref sandy sl, and
eal spinage i
yg, supe, and oor. mich ons ih, by divi at hee,
and tremandee, 4.6, spbich thrives in oar rin sand unde abl
i
gyno and bale, and an, But, a ost any sl,
mee, 2 G, pete ralher handy, and
e TOOL
pola elt aul
By, end N, Ae. st
r ockoth, of IONS
y culture q
sof, it panes 18
ig!
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op ei ain is 00
oh
Thier-garten(wild beast garden), a public park at Berlin, 208.
Thierrat,——, his works on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1760.
Thistle,— see Carduus.
Thlaspi, shepherd’s purse, tetrad, silic. and cruci- ferex, H. peren. bien. and an. of easy culture.
Thompson, John, his work on gardening, page 1105, A. D. 1757.
Thoresby Park, Nottinghamshire, 7576.
Thorn-apple,— see Datura.
Thornbury Castle, in Gloucestershire, 399,
Thorndon Hall, Essex, 7542.
Thorngrove, a seat in Worcestershire, 7566.
Thory, Claude Antoine, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1819.
Thouin, André le Chevalier de, his works on gar- dening, page 1147. A. D. 1737.
Thouin, ions Gabriel, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1819.
Thouin, Mons. Jean, his works on gardening, page 1122. A. D. 1816.
Thrickelby Hall, Yorkshire, 7582.
Thrift,— see Statice.
Thrinax, hexan. monog. and paimew, a Shitrodes Ind. which thrives in sandy loam, and is in- creased by(imported) seeds.
Thrincia, syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, a H. peren. and an. Eur. and Africa, of common culture.
Thrips, a genus of hemipterous insects, 2244.
Throatwort,— see Trachelium.
Thuja, arbor vite, moneec. monad. and coniferee, a G. and F.tr. H. tr. As. Af. and Amer. The tender kinds grow in loam and peat, and are in- creased by cuttings under a bell-glass in sand; the hardy species grow in any soil, and are in- creased by seeds.
Thumb-pot, a garden-pot of the least size.
Thunberg, Sir Charles Peter, M. D. his works on gardening, page 1130. A. D. 1799.
Thunbergia, didyn. angios. and acanthacee, a S. tr. E. Ind. a pretty climbing plant, in flower the greater part of the year, which grows in loam and peat, and young cuttings root readily under a hand-glass.
Thurso Castle, a seat in Caithness, 7644.
Thymbra, didyn. gymnos. and labiatee, S. and G. tr. S. Eur, which grow in light soil, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Thyme,— see Thymus.
Thymus, thyme, didyn. gymmnosperm. and labiatex,
G. F.and H. tr. Eur. very low shrubs, all of easy cuttings or Tragopogon, goat’s beard, syngen. polyg. equal.
culture in dry soil, and increased by seeds. Thymus vulgaris, the common thyme, 4152.
Thysanotus, hexan. monog. and asphodelex, a G.
GENERAL INDEX.
Toddington House, Gloucestershire, 7565.
Tofieldia, hexan. trig. and melanthacee, H. peren. Brit. and N. Amer. which do best in a peat soil in a moist situation, and are increased by dividing the root.
Tollagh Palace, in the county of Dublin, 7653.
Tolpis, syngen. polyg. zqual. and cichoracee, a H. an. France, of easy culture.
Tonquin bean, dipterix odorata.
Toolhouse, 1706.
Tools of gardening, 1295.
Toothach-tree,— see Zanthoxylum.
Toothpick, visnaga daucoides.
Toothwort, lathraa squamaria.
Topography of British gardening, 7510.
Tordylium, hartwort, pentan. dig. and umbellife-
ree, H. an. Eur. and Persia, of common culture.
Termentilla, septfoil, icos. polyg. and rosaceex, Ee
peren. Brit. of common culture, in light or peat soil
Tottenham Park, Wiltshire, 7596.
Touch me not, impatiens nolitangere.
Toulon, botanic garden of, 183.
Tourettia, didyn. angios. and bignoniacee, a S. an.
Peru, of common culture.
Tourn. it., Relation d’un Voyage du Levant. Par.
M. Pitton Tournefort.
Tournefortia, pentan. monog. and boraginee, S.
and G. tr. and a H. peren. which grow in rich,
light soil, and cuttings root freely in sand under
a hand-glass.
Toustain de Limesey, Charles Francois, his work on
plantations, page 1118. A. D. 1769.
Tower-mustard,— see Turritis.
Towers, 1806.
Townley Hall, Lancashire, 7588.
Toxxetti, Octavius Targioni, M.D., his work on
gardening, page 1128, A. D. 1777.
Tozzettia, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. an. of
common culture.
Trachelium, throatwort, pentan. monog. and cam- panulacez, a G. tr. and H. bien. France and Brit. of common culture.
Tradescant, John, his writings on gardening, page 1109. A. D. 1656.
Tradescantia, spider-wort, hexan. monog. and com- melinee, a S. tr. and H. peren. and an. E. and W. Ind. and N. and S. Amer. all of easy culture in light, rich soil.
Tradesman-gardener, 7388.
Tradesmen’s villas, 7285; their management, 7424.
Tragia, moneec. tetran. and euphorbiacee, a S. tr. peren. and an. and a H. an. W. and E. Ind. which
grow in light soil, and cuttings root freely.
and cichoracee, H. bien. Eur. of easy culture. Tragopogon porrifolius, the salsify, 3750. Training trees and plants, different methods of, 2140.
peren. N.S. W. which grows in loam and peat, Transplanter, for herbaceous plants, 1309.
and is increased by dividing at the roots. Tiarella, decan. dig. and saxifragee, a F. peren and H. peren. N. Amer. which grow in light soil rockwork or small pots, and ar dividing at the root. Tickseed,— see Corispermum. Tiger-flower,— see Tigridia. Tigridia, tiger-flower, H. peren. Mex. a splendid plant which thrives ir
common soil, but the bulbs must be taken up as I in wering, kept dry and Travelling gardener, 7385.
soon as they have done flo
e increased by| Trapa, water-caltrops,
monad. trian. and iridee, a| Traps
Transplanting, different methods of performing, 2079.
tetran. monog. and hydro- charidex, a G. peren. and H. an. aquatics of easy culture, 6037.
Trapa natans and bicornis, 6037.
for vermin, different sorts of, used in garden-
a ing, 1435. and 1473.
Trasternaugh, a seat in Westmeath, 7662.
Treacle-mustard, clypeola ionthlaspi.
free from frost during winter, and planted again thlasp! Tredegar Park, Monmouthshire, 7567.
in the following spring. Tiken Hill, a seat in Worcestershire, 7566. Tilburster Hill, a seat in Surrey, 7527. Tile-root,— see Geissorhiza.
Tree-celandine, bocconia frutescens. Tree-mallow, lavatera arborea. Tree-surveyor, 7401. Tree-transplanter, 1468.
Tilia, lime-tree, polyan. monog. and tiliacez, H. tr.), 1460, ae i d| Trees, their uses individually, 6744; in civil archi-
Eur. and N. Amer. which grow in any soil, an are increased by layers. Tilia europea, and othe
r species of lime-tree, 7128. Tillandsia, hexan. monog. and bromelee, S. peren. S, Amer. and W, Ind. of which some species are
tecture, military architecture, naval architecture, construction of machines, implements, utensils, fuel, tanning, dyeing, various uses, food, medi- cine, poison, 6745, to 6760.
re| Trees, classification of, according to their uses,
parasitical, and may be treated as aérides, th ec 4(
éthers may be treated like the pine-apple or pit- 6769; for timber, bark, charcoal, ashes, pales
cairnia. and fencing, hoops,&c. shelter, shade, improy- ing bad soil, separation and defence, seclusion,
Tillibodie, a seat in Clackmannanshire, 7633. Timber, different kinds and qualities of, 6779. Timber-measurer, 1364; Monteith’s 6970. Tipperary, gardens of, 7667.
Tipula, the crane-fly, a genus of dipterous insects, i).; Trees, their wounds, bruises, casualties, and de-
9965; T. oleracea, 6193. Toad-flax, see Linaria. ‘Tobacco,— see Nicotiana.
Tod, George, his work on gardening, page 1114 J eles. nes Trees, their products, 6935; prunings, thinnings,
A. D. 1812.
6780. to 6794. Trees, their uses In ornamental scenery, 6795;
expression, 6796. to 6801.
fects, 6925.
Trees, insects and vermin by which they are in-
fested, 6934.
magnitude, form, mode of growth, duration, and
} ee
pares Osier-grounds, coppice-woods, 6936. to
Ie."J Trees, season for cutting, 6941; mode of cutting,
barking, pollards, period of felling, operation of felling, season of felling, 6942. to 6957. Trees, uses of their roots, 6961; method of char- ring, 6962. Trees, valuation of, 6966; as plantations, as timber, measurement of, 6967. to 6972.
Trees, nursery for,— see Nursery.
Trees, their nursery culture, 6982; coniferous, nut- bearing, berried stoves, berries and capsule bear- ing trees, with small seeds, with leguminous seeds, small soft-seeds, general culture of, 6983. to 7026.
Trefoil,— see Trifolium.
Trelawney House, Cornwall, 7601.
Tremadoc House, a seat in Merionethshire, 7612.
Trenching, 1870.
Trent Place, Middlesex, 7521.
Trentham, a seat in Staffordshire, 7570,
Trevirana, didynam. angios. and scrophularinee, a S. peren. Jamaica, which flowers freely in sandy loam and peat, the pots being kept dry as soon as the flowering season is over till the roots begin to vegetate.
Trew ehret., Plante selecte, quarum Imagines, pinxit Ge. Dion. Ehret. Collegit et illustravit Christ. Jac. Trew.
Trewia, dic. polyan. and..... ceboodt sooner, aS. tr. E. Ind. which grows in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Trianon grand, a royal garden near Paris, 172.
Trianon petit, a royal garden near Paris, 169.
Trianthema, decan. dig. and portulacez, S, an. E. and W. Ind. of common culture.
Tribulus, caltrops, decan. monog. and rutacee, a S. peren. and an. and H. an. Eur. and Amer. which grow in light soil, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Trichilia, decan. monog. and meleacez, S. tr. W. Ind. which thrive in loam and peat, and cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat.
Trichodesma, pentan. monog. and boraginez, a S, an. and H. an. E. Ind. and C. B.S. of common culture.
Trichodium, trian. dig. and graminex, H. peren. N. Amer. and Brit. of easy culture.
Trichomanes, cryptog. filices and filicee, a H. pe- ren. Brit. of easy culture in loam and peat in the shade.
Trichonema, trian. monog. and iridezw, G. peren. and a H. peren. bulbs which may be treated as ixia.
Trichophorum, trian. monog. and cyperacee, H. peren. Brit. and N. Amer. grasses of easy culture in moist soil.
Trichosanthes, snake-gourd, moncec. monad. and cucurbitacee, a S. peren. and F. an.; the S. spe- cies thrive best in rich sandy loam, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass in a moist heat; the others may be treated as cucumis.
Trichostema, didyn. gymnos. and labiatew, a H. bien. and an. N. Amer. of common culture.
Trientalis, winter green, heptan. monog. and primu-
_lacee, a H. peren. Brit. and N. Amer. which grow best in light soil, and are increased by divid- ing at the root or by seeds.;
Triewald, Martin, his writings on gardening, page 1103. A. D. 1729., and page 1130, A. D. 1740.
Trifolium, trefoil, diadelph. decan. and legumi- nose, H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. Afr. and N. Amer. of easy culture, and increased by dividing the roots or by seeds. i.
Triglochin, arrowgrass, hexan. trig. and alismacee, a G. peren, and H. peren. C. B. S. and Brit. marsh plants of easy treatment.;
Trigonella, fenugreek, diadel. and leguminosee, S. an. and H. peren. bien. and an. E. Ind. and Eur. of easy culture.‘ i
Trillium, hexandria trigynia and smilacee, a G. peren. and H. peren. N. Amer. which do best in a bed of peat in a moist shady situation, and are increased, though slowly, by dividing at the root.
Tring Park, Hertfordshire, 7544. y
Triodia, trian. dig. and graminee, a H. peren. Brit. of easy culture. i
Triosteum, feverwort, pentan. monog. and capri- folee, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow freely in rich, light soil, and are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by dividing the root.|
Tripsacum, moneec. trian. and graminee, a H.
1228 GENERAL INDEX,
Trisetum, trian. dig and grami 2 and an. Eur. of coniiion enlaee i Tristania, polyad. icos. and myrteacer, G. tr. .S. W. which grow in sandy loam and peat, and cuttings, not too much ripened, root readily in sand under hand or bell glasses, Triticum, wheat-grass, trian, dig. and: graminew - peren. and an. Eur. and Asia, of common culture, Tritoma, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidex, a F. peren. C. B. S. which thrive best in peat soil, and = ae papetes by dividing at the root. ritonia, trian. monog. and iridex, Br, G.> C. B. S. bulbs which Say be treated as beer aes Triumfetta, dodec. monog. and tiliacee, S. tr. and an. E. and W. Ind. which grow in loam and pea and cuttings root in sand under a hand- glass. Trollius, globe-flower, polyan. polyg. and ranuncu- lacee, Eur. and N. Amer, of easy treatment. Tropzolum, Indian cress, octan. monog. and gera- niacee, G. tr. bien, and an. Peru, which grow in light, rich soil, and are of easy increase by cuttings or seeds,; Tropezolum majus, common Indian cress, 4116, Trophis, ramoon-tree, dicec. tetran. and ssecscccccececey S. tr. E. and W. Ind. which grow freely in loam ates and cuttings root under a hand-glass in sand. Trowel, Samuel, his work on gardening, pa e 1104. _ DA1739,14 2 sii Tacs
Trowel, the garden, 1308.
Troximon syngen. polyg. equal. and cichoracee, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow freely in rich, light soil, and are increased by seeds.
Troy House, Monmouthshire, 7567.
Troxelius, Charles Blechort, his work on gardening, page 1150. A. D. 1780.
Trumpet-flower,— see Bignonia.
Trumpton Hall, Cornwall, 7601.
Truncheon(trongon, Fr. from truncus, Lat.), a pole or rod cut to the length of a staff or longer,
ieetsat adopted in making willow planta-
ions.
Tschoudi, 1. B. L. Baron de, his work on gardening, page 1118. A. D. 1768.
Tuber cibarium, the truffle, 4346.
Tuberose, polyanthes tuberosa— see Polyanthes.
Tuilleries(tile-grounds, or tile-kilns), gardens of the, at Paris, 161.
Tulbagia, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidex, H. peren. C. B. S. which grow in sandy loam, and are
increased by offsets from the bulbs.
Tulip,— see Tulipa.
Tulip-tree,—see Liriodendron.
Tulipa, tulip, hexan. monog. and liliaceze, H. peren. bulbs, Eur. which grow best in sandy soil, and are
increased by offsets.
Tulipa gesneriana, the common tulip, 6242.
Tupelo,—see Nyssa.
Tupistra, hexan. monog. and aroidex, a peren. Amboyna, which may be grown in loam and
peat.
Turf, the superiority of British, 5399.
Turf-raser,&c., 1317. to 1319.
Turfing, the transplanting or laying down turf, )
Turmeric,— see Curcuma.
Turnip,—see Brassica.
Turnera, pentan. trig. and portulacez, S. tr. an. and A. an. which grow in rich, light soil, and are increased by cuttings under a hand-glass or by seeds.
Turnsole,— see Heliotropium.
Turritis, tower-mustard, tetrad. silig. and crucife- ree, H. peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture. Tussilago, colt’s foot, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbifereez, a S. bien. and H. peren. W. Ind. and Eur. of easy culture. T. fragrans is a desi- rable plant for a green-house during winter, on account of the odor its flowers diffuse at that season.
Tway-blade, listera ovata.
Tweedale, county of, as to gardening, 7623. Twickenham, village of, in Middlesex, 7520. Twickenham Park, Middlesex, 7520.
Twinstead Hall, Essex, 7541.
Tyford House, Middlesex, 7520.
Tynningham, a seat in Haddingtonshire, 7619. Typha, cat’s tail, moncec. trian. and aroidex, H. peren. Brit. marsh plants of easy treatment. Tzaritzina, or Zaritzina, an imperial residence near
peren. N. Amer. of easy culture.,
Moscow, 262.
seeds. Urena, mona q Gt E. Joam. and| tings. Uropetalon, Ff, peren. ixia,&C. Urtica, nett! and peren. Bur, all of and are Te Urtica dioica herb, and Ustilago, 4 casivn the Utensils, 13 scuttle, 1 for bulbo alazed pol carnation. plant-box, \ pot, water pump, po shade, stt plant-um glass, ot wrought bell or 1391, to Utility, a ing, TI Utricular tibular preter sphagr in pad Uvaria, W, In ripene in hee Uvulari peren. and al
ates tute,” vf Peten,
Vetey a), My 7 Rat ed, toot Telly i NG, Yh ;% a Ptatnes 4 oo
neti a} bet in yet nd 2 th ie sal ang Idee, by,(e vere,
cian eres,
ies AL BO fel it
tundra hig
gd, ae
equal, and cichoree a grow fey in
sis work on gurdein,
Bul
tek gardens of
nd emervalldee,H, in sandy loam and are he bulls,
m2, and ase, H, pete. stn andy wl, ana
mod tui
and aroidee,@ pee e ftom in loam a
é or yidg down tt
gad of ate
ch ght so,
et 1 andi tf
ult, 8
se CUNNg fowets dif 2 tht
ye es 18
(
amy~
GENERAL INDEX.
1229
Valeriana, valerian, trian, mono;. and dipsacez,
U.
wet or moist, and i salictum, i, a willow-ground), a proper situation| y, ‘an Kampen, et fils, their works on gardening,
Udum salictum(udus, a, wn,
y
for growing willows. Ulex, furze, diadel. decan. and leguminosex, EL tr:
peren. and an. Eur. of easy culture; the smaller sorts grow best in light soil, and answer well for pots or rockwork. aleriana Jocusta, or lamb-lettuce,—see Fedia. alleyfield, a seat in Fifeshire, 7635. an Dieman’s Land, gardening of, 504,
page 1129. A. D. 1760.
Brit. which grow best in dry soil, and are increased A- 8= ga oe Van Sterbeck, Francis, his works on gardening, page
by seeds.
1129, A. D. 1682.
Ulmus, elm-tree, pentan. dig. and amentacee 336‘: °| Si‘1 Vander Groen, J., his work on gardening, page 1129.
tr. Brit. and N. Amer. and a G. tr. China, all of
A. D. 1699.
which thrive in loamy soil, and the G. species is 4= J 2} Vanes as decorations, 1835.
increased by cuttings under a hand-glass.
Ulmus campestris, and other species grown as timber- trees, 7081.\
Ulva lactuca, 4358.
Umbrella-wort,— see Oxybaphus.
Underley Park, near Kirby Lonsdale, 6182. Ungehauer, J. A., his works on gardening, page 1123. A. D. 1741. Uniola, sea-side peren. N. Amer. of easy culture. Unona, polyan. polyg. and anonace®, aS. tr. Java,
which grows best in light loam, and ripened cut- tings root in sand under a hand-g!ass. Up Park, Sussex, 7531. Upsal, botanic garden of, 248. Urania, hexan. monog. and musacee, aS. tr. E. Ind. which thrives in loamy soil with plenty of water anda strong heat, and is increased by imported seeds. Urena, monad. polyan. and malvacee, S. tr and a G.tr. E. Ind. and Surinam, which grow in loam and peat, and are increased by seeds or cut- tings. Uropetalon, hexan, monog. and asphodelee, G. and F. peren. C. B. S. bulbs which may be treated as ixia,&c. Urtica, nettle, monec. tetran. and urticea, S.‘tr. and peren. W. Ind. and F. and H. peren. and an. Eur, all of which grow well in rich, light soil, and are readily increased by the usual means. Urtica dioica, the common stinging nettle as a pot- herb, and to force, 4296. Ustilago, a small fungus, which is thought to oc- casion the blight and smut, 878. Utensils, 1390; mould-screen, mould-sieve, mould- scuttle, mould-basket, flower-pot, store-pot, pot for bulbous roots, classic pot, stone-ware pot, glazed pot, flowerpot-gauge, square pot, saucer, carnation-saucer, propagation-pot, blanching-pot, plant-box, plant-basket, planter’s basket, watering- pot, watering-tube, garden-syringe, hand-forcing- pump, portable canvass or gauze case, oiled paper shade, straw-net, garden-net, horizontal shelter, plant-umbrella, earthenware shelter, leaden hand- glass, copper hand-glass, cast-iron hand-glass, wrought-iron hand-glass, green bell-glass, crystal bell or receiver, utensils for entrapping vermin, 1391. to 1438. Utility, as expressiv ing, 7169. Utricularia, hooded milfoil, dian. monog. and len- tibularee, H. peren. Brit. marsh plants, which yrefer peat soil, oF they will grow in pots of sphagnum with a little peat earth at bottom, set in pans of water. Uvaria, polyan. polyg- and annonacee, S. E. and W. Ind. which thrive best in sandy loam, and ripened cuttings root in sand under a hand-glass in heat. Uvularia, hexan, monog. and melanthacee, H. peren. N. Amer. which grow in light sandy soil, ‘and are increased by dividing at the root.
eof design in landscape-garden-
Whe
Vaccinium, whortleberry, cee, G. a
Vanilla, gynan.
Vegetable glossology, or the
decan. monog. and eri- nd H. tr. Brit. and N. Amer. which t in peat soil, or sand and peat, and are C
j 7i5. Germination of the seed, physical pheno-
Vanguiera, pent. Monog. and rubiacez, a S. tr. Ind.
which grows in sandy Joam and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand in heat under a hand-glass. monan. and orchidea, S. tr. trailers and parasites, which root at every joint into the bark of the trees, on which they grow. They may be treated as aérides, and are readily in- creased by cuttings.
oat, trian. dig. and syaminee, H. A JM Ponce site§ 5 2 Various British autbors, who have touched inci-
dentally on gardening, page 1105, A. D. 1760.
Vegetable kingdom, origin and progress of the
study of, 547; among the ancients, in modern
times, in the present day, 548. to 554. names of the parts of
plants, 595.
Vegetable phytography, or the nomenclature and’
description of plants, 557; vulgar mode of naming
plants, scientific rules for names, names of classes
and orders, names of genera, of species, of va- rieties and subvarieties, description of plants,
herbariums, methods of study,&c. 558. to 582.
Vegetable taxonomy, OF the classification of plants,
583; methods in use, table of the Linnaan me-
thod, of the method of Jussieu, detail of the
Linnean system, and arrangement of the genera
under the different classes and orders, arrange-
ment of the genera under the classes and orders
of Jussieu, 584. to 589.
Vegetable organology, Or the external structure
of plants, 590. Perfect plants: their conservative
organs— root, trunk, branches, leaf, frond; con- servative appendages— germs, glands, tendrils, stipula, ramenta, armature, pubescence, ano- malies; reprodu stive organs— flower, flower- stalk, receptacle, juflorescence, fruit; reproduc- tive appendages; appendages proper to the flower of the fruit. Imperfect plants: filices, equisita~ cee, and lycopodinese— conservative organs, re- productive organs; musci— conservative organs, reproductive organs 5 hepatica2— conservative organs, reproductive organs; alge and lichens— conservative organs, reproductive organs, utility of the alge 5 fimgi— conservative organs, repro-
ductive organs, uses of the fungi, 591. to 604.
Vegetable anatomy, oF the internal structure of
plants, 605. Decomposite organs— seed, nucleus,
pericarp, flower-stalk, leaf-stalk, gems, buds, bulbs, propago, gongylus, caudex, appendages; compo- site organs— epidermis, pulp, pith, cortical layers, ligneous_ layers, concentric layers, divergent layers; elementary OF vascular organs— utricles, tubes, large tubes, small tubes, apertures, pores, gaps, appendages, 606. to 634.
Vegetable chemistry, or primary principles of plants, 635. Mechanical processes 5 chemical processes; compound products— gum, sugar, starch, gluten, albumen, fibrina, extract of catechu, of senna, of quinquina, of saffron, coloring matter, tan- nin, bitter principle, narcotic principle, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, gallic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, prussic acid, fixed oils, vola- tile oils, wax, butter of cacao, of coco, of nut- meg, tallow of croton, wax of myrtle, resins, rosin, mastich, bloom, gum-resins, balsams, cam- phor, caoutchouc, cork, woody fibre, charcoal, sap, proper juice, ashes, alkalies, earths, silica, magnesia, metallic oxides; simple products, 636.
to 714. Vegetable physiology, or the functions of plants,
thrive bes a increased by layers, young cuttings under a bell-' glass, or by seeds. mena, chem cal phenomena; food of the veget- Vaccinium hispidilum, and other fruit-bearing ating plant— water, gasses, carbonic acid gas, 77 oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, extracts, salts,
species, 4774. Valantia, polyg. 1 dan. Brit. of easy culture.
moncec. and rubiacee, a H. peren.
bé de, a French writer on garden-
earths, manures; process of nutrition— introsus- ception, ascent of the sap, causes of the sap’s ascent, elaboration of the sap, of carbonic acid, of oxygen, decomposition of water, descent of the
Valemont, Ab 2 ing, page 1116. A. D. 1705._ Valentines, a seat in Essex, 7542.
Valerian,— see Valeriana.
proper juice, causes of descent: process of veget- able developement; elementary organs— compo-
sa ia ih amend Oa Birt ace a,
site organs, annuals and annual shoots, perennials and their annual layers, circulation of vegetable juices; decomposite organs, the root, the stem, the branches, the bud, the leaf, the flower, and fruit: anomalies of vegetable developement— the root, the stem, the branch, the bud, the leaves, the flower, the fruit, the habit, physical virtues, duration: sexuality of vegetables, discoveries of the moderns, impregnation of the seed, access of the pollen, theory of the animalculist, hybrids; changes consequent upon impregnation, external changes, internal changes; propagation of the species; equivocal generation, seeds, gems, run- ners, slips, layers, suckers, grafting; causes limiting the propagation of the species: evi- dence and character of vegetable vitality— ex. Citability, heat, frondescence, efflorescence, ma- turation of the fruit; calendarium flor; irritabi- lity, stimuli, instinct, definition of the plant, 716. to 858.
Vegetable pathology, or the diseases and casualties of the lives of plants, 859; wounds and bruises, incisions, boring, girdling, fracture, pruning, grafting, felling, buds destroyed, leaves destroyed, decortication; diseases— blight, sraut, mildew, honey-dew, dropsy, flux of juices, gangrene, etio- lation, suffocation, contortion, consumption; na- tural decay, of the temporary organs, flower, fruit, of the permanent organs, 860. to 907.
Vegetable geography, or the territorial distribution
of plants, 908. Geographical distribution; phy- sical distribution— temperature, clevation, mois- ture, soil, mixed soils, aquatic soils, earthy soils, vegetable soils, light; civil causes affecting dis- tribution; characteristic, or picturesque distri- bution, systematic distribution, arithmetical distribution, economical distribution, distribution of the British flora, application of the native flora of Britain, artificial flora, native countries of the exotics of British gardens, periods of their intro- duction, obvious character of the plants cultivated in British gardens, their botanical and horticul- tural distribution, according to the Linnean system, according to that of Jussieu, British flora procurable at the nurseries, hardy plants, green- house and dry-stove plants, hot-house plants, annuals, native and exotic, artificial application of the British flora, fruit-trees and plants, herba- ceous plants used for culinary purposes, florists’ flowers, hardy barren trees and shrubs, herba- ceous plants used in agriculture for food, and in the arts, miscellaneous application of hardy her- baceous plants, application of various ornamental exotics which require the protection of glass, native habitations of plants, 909. to 1032.
Vegetable culture as derived from the study of plants,1004: to increase the number and retain the native qualities of plants; to increase the number and improve the qualities of plants; increasing the magnitude; to increase the number, improve the quality, and increase the magnitude; to form new varieties; to preserve plants for future use, 1004. to 1016.
Vegetable sculptures, their formation, 1844,
Vegetables, to form new varieties of, 1013.
Vegetables, to preserve for future use, 2289,
Vegetables composing the Hortus Britannicus, ar- ranged according to the Linnean system, 588; the Jussieuan system, 589; to the departments of horticulture, 986.:
Vegetables which first attracted man’s attention as food, 26.
Vegetation to accelerate or force, operations for, 2181.
Vegetation to retard, operations for, 2177.
Velezia, pentan. dig. and caryophyllee, a H. an. Spain, of common culture. i:
Veltheimia, hexan. monog. and hemerocallidez, G. peren. C. B. S. bulbs, which grow in light loam, and are readily increased by offsets; or the leaves pulled off close to the bulb, and planted, will de- posit bulbs at their base, as will many other scaly and coated bulbs.
Venerie, a royal residence at Turin, 77.
Vent. mal., Jardin de la Malmaison. Par E. P. Ven- tenat.
Venus’s comb, scandix pecten.
Venus’s flytrap, dionza muscipula.
Veratrum, polygam. moneec. and melanthacee, H. peren. Eur. and N. Amer. which grow best in rich sandy soil, and are increased by dividing at the root, or by seeds, which should be sown as
1230 GENERAL INDEX.
Verbascum, mullein, pentan. mono G. peren. and bien. and H, pere all of easy culture on light soil,
Verbena, vervain, didyn. angios. and verbenacex H. peren. bien. and an. Eur. and N. Amer. which thrive in any common soil, and are increased by dividing at the root.
Verbesina, syngen. polyg. super. and corymbiferee, S. an. and a tr. E. Ind. and W. Ind. and G. peren. and H. peren. Amer. which grow in common soil, and are readily increased by cuttings, seeds, or dividing at the root.
Vermin, traps and snares used for, in gardening, 1435. and 1473.
Vernonia, syngen. polyg. equal. and corymbiferew, aS. bien. E. Ind. and H. peren, N. Amer. which grow well in rich loam, and make a fine show in autumn.
Veronica, speedwell, dian. monog. and scrophulari- nez, G. tr. and peren. N. Hol. and H. peren. and an. Eur. all of easy culture in any soil: the G. species are propagated by cuttings under a hand- glass, and all the rest by seeds, or dividing the root,
Veronica beccabunga, brooklime, 600.
Veronica spicata, British tea, 4317,
Vervain,— see Verbena.
Vesicaria, tetrad. silic. and cruciferee, H. peren. and a bien. S. Eur.fof common culture.
Vespa vulgaris, the common wasp, 4837,
Vestia, pentan. monog. and polemoniacez, a G. tr. Chili, which thrives in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Vetch,— see Vicia.
Viart,——, his works on gardening, page 1122.
: A.D. 1819.
‘ibert, J. P., his work on gardenin age 1122, A.D. 1820, Ye
Viburnum, pentan. trig. and caprifolez, a G. tr. Canaries, and H. tr. Eur. and N. Amer. which thrives well in common soil, and are increased by Jayers or cuttings under a hand-glass in a shady situation; both the G. and H. kinds are early flowerers, which render them very desirable.
Vicia, vetch, diadel. decan. and leguminosee, a S, an. E. Ind. G. peren. C. B.S. and H. peren, Eur. of easy culture in light soil.
Vicia faba, the common bean, 3612.
Vigne de la Reine, a seat near Turin, 77.
Vilain, Madame, her villa near Ghent, 125.
Villa-farm, 7279; management of, 7430. and 7435.'
Villa-residence, 7278; management of, 7435,
Villaneuve, a seat near Warsaw, 282.
Villarsia, pentan. monog. and gentianez, a G. peren. and H. peren. aquatics which flower freely.
Viminaria, rush-broom, decan. monog. and legu- minosee, a G. tr. which grows in sandy loam and
peat, and is readily increased by seeds or cuttings
under a bell-glass in sand.
Vinca, periwinkle, pentan. monog. and apocynee, a S. tr. and an. E. Ind. and H. peren. and an, shrub,
Eur. The S. species grows in light, rich earth,
and flowers the greater part of the year, and cut-
tings root in sand under a hand-glass. The H.
sorts are trailers, and are increased by cuttings,
layers, or dividing at the root,
Vine,— see Vitis.
Vine, a seat in Hampshire, 7594.
Vinery, its construction, 2656.
Vineyard-nursery, at Hammersmith, 7518.
Viola, violet, pentan. monog. and violacee, a G. tr.
and H. peren. and an. N. Amer. and Eur. which
grow in light soil, are well adapted for rockwork or pots, and are readily increased by seeds or parting the root.
Violet,— see Viola.
Viper’s bugloss,— see Echium.
Viper’s grass,— see Scorzonera.
Virgilia, decan. monog. and leguminosex, G. tr.
Afr, and a H. tr. N. Amer. which thrive in loam
and peat, and young cuttings root in sand under a
bell-glass.
Virginian poke, phytolacca decandra.
Virgin’s bower,—see Clematis.
Viscum, mistletoe, dicec. tetran. and caprifolex, a
H. tr. Eng. parasite, 6588.
Visnaga, toothpick, pentan. dig. and umbelliferex,
a H. an. S. Eur. of common culture.:
Visnea, dodec. trig. and ebenacee, a G. tr. Canaries,
which grows in'oam and peat, and ripened cut-
tings root in sand under a hand-glass.
Vispre, Francis Xavier, his dissertation on the
g. and solanee, n. bien. and an,
soon as ripe.
growth of wine in England, page 1109. A. D. 786.
serene Nn yolkamers Mente BE } kamen, Mis Ind. WH outing a , rocky Lid AD. on Burgsd0 vee 4124. Yon Der cu Pop i6 Yon Dieskat 1194. As fon Hagels rs a D Fon Hass, J AD. Ii Von Sierston 1195, A.' Ton Sponec' pe 181( Von Vothin 115 Ad on Welss, op. 16
Yon Wilke, 1194. AD Vredmannt 1193. A
W, Willd W.en, W Bot. Ber Wachendo ren, U. i peat growing Wade, We Tid. A Wakefiel Waldsch 1193,£ Waldste peren. pots;
by pal Wales, Walfors Walks, 9490 denit Wall-c Wall-f Wall-t Wall-t Waller
ed fo, in pi, ] wht ated fe shop iy
Nat scophul OL and H peren, ad wal; the G.
Ds i oti hand. OT Cv they ime, fi), et
Crue, H, per mon cur,= vas, 85,
leu 6b D and peat and cutinn yA ete cutting lay,:
arin,
gardening, nape fo)
0 caprilee, a Gb , and ¥,
n sandy ham and dso cutings
nd acy, and an. sh ch ext,
ss The i erased by curing
i ramith, IS
‘and vilaee, 86.0 Aner, and Bu
f adapt oat pene by#8
i
i 08e G, rive in Ju
—<
GENERAL INDEX.
Waratah, camellia,— see Camellia. Waratah, telopea speciosissima. Wardour Castle, Wiltshire, 7597. Warsaw, gardens of, 282. Wart-cress,— see Coronopus. Wart-wort, euphorbia helioscopia.
Vitex, chaste tree, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, S. and G. tr. E. Ind. which grow in loam amd peat, and cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
Vitis, vine, pentan. monog. and viteacex, a S. tr. Ind. and H. tr. N. Amer. of easy culture, and readily increased by cuttings or layers. Warton, a seat in Westmoreland, 7592.
Vitis vinifera, the common grape-vine, 4790; cul-| Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, 7572.
Warwickshire, gardens and residences of, 7571.
ture in the open air in various ways, 4816; inthe vinery and other hot-houses, 2940.
Vittaria, cryptog. filices and filicee, a S. peren. Amer. of easy culture in loam and peat, and in- creased by dividing the root or by seeds.
Voerhelm, George, his work on gardening, page 1129. A.D. 1752.
Volkamer, Johann Christoph., his works on gar- dening, page 1123. A. D. 1700.
Volkameria, didyn. angios. and verbenacee, S. tr. W. Ind. which thrive well in loam and peat, and cuttings root freely under a hand-glass.
Von Brocke, H. C., his works on gardening, page 1124. A.D. 1768.
Von Burgsdorf, ¥. A. L., his works on gardening, page 1124. A.D. 1783.
Von Dercxen, J., his work on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1796.
Von Dieskau, C. J. F., his works on gardening, page 1124. A.D. 1776.
Von Hagen, F. W., his works on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1805.
Von Hass, J. A., his works on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1793.
Von Sierstornff, K. H., his work on gardening, page 1125. A.D. 1790.
Von Sponeck, his works on gardening, page L127: A.D. 1810.
Von Vothman, J. G., his works on gardening, page 1125 A.D. 1784.
Von Weiss, K., his work on gardening, page 1126. A.D. 1800.
Von Wilke, G. W. C., his works on gardening, page 1124. A.D. 1783.
Vredmannus, J. ¥., his works on gardening, page 1123. A.D. 1647.
VV
Watelet, C. H., his works on gardening, page 1119.
A. D. 1774
Water, 1213; its constituent parts, how obtained in
hot-houses, 1601. and 1685; different modes of procuring and preserving in the open garden, 1713. and 1822; forming excavations for, 1719; operat-
ing on in landscape, 7216.
Water-caltrops,— see Trapa. Water-chickweed, montia fontana, Water-cress,— see Nasturtium.
>
Water-dropwort,— see Q&nanthe.
Water-hemlock, phellandrium aquaticum.
Water-horehound,— see Lycopus.
Water-leaf,— see Hydrophyllum.
Water-lily,—see Nympheza, and Nuphar.
Water-milfoil,—see Myriophyllum.
Water-parsnep,— see Sium.
Water-plantain,— see Alisma.
Water.soldier, stratiotes alcides.
Water-starwort, callitriche aquatica.
Water-violet, hottonia palustris.
Water-wort, elatine hydropiper.
Waterbourne Harrington, a seat in Dorsetshire, 7598.
Waterfalls, their kinds and construction, 1826. and (ED
Waterford, county of, as to ardening, 7665.
Watering-engines, different = os oO — = oo
In January, 1825, will be published,
BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN,
THE GARDENER’S ANNUAL REGISTER;
OR, Annals of Improvements
VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF GARDENING,
AGRICULTURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY, AS CONNECTED WITH
COUNTRY RESIDENCE AND TERRITORIAL PROPERTY.
CONDUCTED BY
J. C. LOUDON, F.L.S. H.S.,&c.
Author of the Encyclopedias of Gardening and of Agriculture, and Editor of the
Encyclopedias of Plants and of Domestic Economy.
THE object of this work is to collect together some account of the various improvements which are constantly making in gardening, on landed estates, and in domestic economy; and to render them readily accessible to the practical gardener, land-steward, bailiff, and others concerned in country matters. In the present state of horticultural literature, information of this kind is generally published in voluminous and expensive works, which can be purchased only by a few; or in foreign works not suited to general readers. In the case of agriculture they are commonly mixed up with commercial matters, political economy, or statistics; and often valuable discoveries in gardening, and the other arts to be registered, are lost to the public from the locality of their origin, and the want of a proper opportunity or channel of making them known.‘The proposed work will aim at remedying all these defects; first, by exhibiting the essence of all that is contained in new publications on gardening, and other branches of territorial economy; and, secondly, by original communications from gardeners, stewards, bailiffs, housekeepers, and proprietor-improvers in every part of the British isles, and in various parts of the continent, America, and the colonies. In the selection of subjects for the Gardener’s Register, gardening will be considered the main object, next those branches of agriculture which chiefly concern the improve- ment of a gentleman’s landed estate and demesne farm— such as road-making, draining, watering, and searching for water, enclosing, planting,&c.&e.; then such architectural improvements as are made on farm-buildings, cottages, walls, bridges, villages,&c.; and, lastly, such improvements in housewifery, fuynishing, cloathing, cookery, education, and rural labor, as tend to the amelioration of cottagers and the laborious classes.
ees=
7
a i at ke lo a te i
2
The arrangement of the Gardener's Register will be. similar to that of our Encyclopedia of Gardening, adopting its outline, and for Books, substituting Chapters, as follows:
Cuap. 1. will contain historical notices selected from foreign Crt ap. 6. Improvements m all the various departments of works, books of travels, curious British works; or from horticulture, or culinary and fruit gardening. communications furnished to us by correspondents. Cnar. 7. The same as to floriculture.
Crap. 2. The botanical and physiological improvements of the past year; new species, hybrids, or varieties added to the f Jortus Britannicus; their prices at the nurseries; new seeds, CHAP. bulbs, tubers,&c. imported or for sale.
Crap. 8. The same as to arboriculture.
9. The same as to landscape gardening.
Cuap. 10. Statistical improvements—in the condition an
o: x° ment of rYative gardeners— j 2rcial Cuapr. 3. Improvements as to soils, manures, and operating in hereoe Cet_ be pees ea senate eee>
sJation to the weather and climate. pe i Sercens— in) private relation to parks, and pleasure-grounds— in farmers’ and cotta Cap. 4. Improvements on implements, machines, garden- dens,&c.&c. structures, and buildings.
Crap. 11. Review of new books, transactions of z. ms societies at home and abroad. Obituary.
5. Improvements on gardening operations, grafting, S’ cuttings, pruning, training, destroying insects, neral management,&c.
gardening
Cua. 12. Kalendar of operations, and weather,
retrospective and prospective.
all
The agricultural division of the Register will be in Five Chapters, corresponding to the
Four Pars and the Karenpar of the Encyclopedia of Agriculture; thus:
Cuap. 1. Historical notices, foreign and domestic. villages, mills, harbors, canals,&c., in drain 1g, embanking
Cuap. 2. New plants or animals taken into field cultivation orca a pees panting, tore% management, dairyi new manures— new or improved implements, machines and renarcing, Corn culture, grazing,&c. buildings— improvements in operations, sowing, reaping, ploughing, threshing,&c., and in general management.
n particular estates—condition of operative agriculturists Obituary.
Cup. 4. Review of books—accounts of improvements ¢
Crap. 3. Improvements in appropriating and enclosing landed estates, in their distribution, in road making, establishing CuHapr. 5. Kalendar prospective and retrospective. The architecture and domestic economy will each occupy one chapter, and the outline of arrangement will correspond to the forthcoming Encyclopedias of these arts now in hand.
A complete general index will be added to each volume.
The advantage of the above arrangement is, that whoever is in possession of the Encyclopedias, and wishes to know what is new since their publication, will be able at once and with ease, to refer to the corresponding part of the Fiegister.
Engravings will be introduced where useful; a moderate sized type employed, and each year’s volume regulated as to bulk and price, not by the number of pages necessary to make a volume of regular size, but by the quantity of information afforded by the past year. The price may vary from 7s. to 19s. per volume.
The use of the Gardener's Register, if properly supported and conducted, must| obvious. Gardeners, stewards, and others of fixed locality, and at a distance from the metropolis, must in the present state of things, long remain ignorant of improvements made in the horticultural world, and especially of late, since the establish- ment of horticultural societies, the general taste for gardening, and the great stimulus thus given to nurserymen, commercial gardeners, botanical cultivators, private amateurs, and others round the metropolis, and indeed throughout Europe.
se
the rapid
By this Register
they will have an opportunity of increasing their knowledge so as to keep pace with the?
progress of improvement; and if they have already made themselves masters of what is in our Encyclopedias of Gardening, Agriculture, Plants, and Domestic Economy, it will not be too much to say, that by regularly perusing the Gardener’s Resister as it is published, they will‘now all that is already known, and be made acquainted with all that is annually added to the stock of knowledge in their art, as well as in the general improvement of landed property, and the amelioration of rural and domestic life.
Those who are disposed to contribute to this work, will, from the above outline of its object and arrangement, be at no loss fora subject. Accounts of new gardens, new country seats, improvements on demesne grounds, or extensive territory, and on cottages and cottage gardens, are particularly wanted. Our foreign friends may address us in French, Italian, or German: if in the latter tongue, the use of the French ckaracter in their letters will be esteemed a favor. All communications to be sent to the care aft Messrs Loneman, Hurst, and Co., Paternoster Row, London.
Bayswater, March 31. 1824.
VALI
A Gl
; Lat tp 4 O thy
nthe st SUNS ui
tue Li by|
In the Press, and will soon be ready for Publication, BY
MESSRS. LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN,
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF AGRICULTURE; Che Cheorp and Wractice
VALUATION, TRANSFER, IMPROVEMENT, AND MANAGEMENT
OF LANDED PROPERTY; AND THE CULTIVATION AND ECONOMY OF THE ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, INCLUDING
* ALL THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS; A GENERAL HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN ALL COUNTRIES;
AND
A Statistical Cie of its present State, WITH
SUGGESTIONS FOR ITS FUTURE PROGRESS IN THE BRITISH ISLES.
By J. C. LOUDON, F.L.S. H.S.,&c. AUTHOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING.
Illustrated with upwards of 600 Engravings on Wood, by Branston.
a IS TT
"Twovan the term Encyclopedia applied to any single art may be sufficiently indicative of the comprehensive manner in which it is intended to treat of that art; yet it may not be improper to state the grounds on which this work lays claim to being the most complete body of Agriculture hitherto submitted to the public.
The subject of Agriculture admits of two grand divisions; the improvement and general management of landed property, which may be termed territorial economy; and the cultivation and treatment of its more useful animal and vegetable productions, which is properly husbandry or agriculture in a more limited sense. Numerous as have been the publications on rural matters during the last twenty years, there are but few of them whose titles might lead to a supposition that they embraced both departments. Of these few, the two principal may be cited: the“ Complete Farmer,” as the most volu- minous, and the“ Code of Agriculture,” as the most recent. The‘“ Complete Farmer, or Dictionary of Husbandry,” in two thick quarto volumes, with numerous plates, was published in 1807; it is copious to excess; was the best dictionary of husbandry at the time it was published, but is now obsolete, both as to its letter-press and engravings.
7
ert ES OE
a lt ere Mt
9
a
The‘‘ Code of Agriculture,” in one vol. 8yo., published in 1817, professes to be Ce ray ne i=) 7.©©‘ 200 se: e a general view of the principles of the art, and an account of its most approved prac- tices.’’(Pref. p. 11.) By inspecting the contents of the work, however, it will be found that the term Agriculture, when applied tothe Code, must be taken in its more limited sense, and that the book extends only to the husbandry department.
The Encyclopedia of Agriculture combines territorial economy and husbandry: it is arranged on the model of the Encyclopedia of Gardening, and some idea of its com- prehensiveness may be formed from the following outline of its contents,
Parti. Hisrory.
Boox J. Among ancient and modern nations. Chap. 1. Ages of antiquity. Sections and subsections. Egypt, Greece, Jews,&c.
II. Romans.—Roman authors, proprietors, occupants, natural circumstances, culture, produce science of Roman farming, extent and decline of Roman agriculture, é
III. Middle ages.—Italy, France, Germany, Britain, Saxon Britons, Norman Britons,&c.&c. Ultra European countries,
IV. Modern times.—Italy, Switzerland, France, Holland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Portugal, European Turkey, Britain.
V. Ultra European countries.—Asia, Asiatic Turkey, Persia, Tartary, Arabia, Hindostan, Cochin China, China, Australasia,&c.—Africa, Abyssinia, Egypt, Coast, Cape of Good Hope, Islands.—Nori America, United States, British Possessions, Mexico, West Indies. South America.
Boox II. Agriculture, as influenced by geographical, civil, and political circumstances Chap. 1. Geographical.: II. Civil and political. III. Character of the agriculture of Britain.
Part If. Scrence or AGRICULTURE.
Boox I. Vegetable kingdom. Chap. I. Systematic botany. II. Vegetable anatomy.—External structure, internal structure. Ill. Vegetable chemistry.— Compounds, simples, IV. Vegetable physiology.—Germination, food, nutrition, developement, sexuality, propagation, vitality. V. Vegetable pathology.— Wounds, diseases, decay. ‘ VI. Vegetable distribution.—Geographical, physical, civil, characteristic, economical, systematic, arithmetical distribution in Britain. VII. Vegetable culture.—Its origin and principles.
Boox II. Animal kingdom. Chap. 1. Systematic zoology. Ii. Animal anatomy.—External, internal. III. Animal chemistry.—Simples, compounds. IV. Animal physiology.—Digestion, circulation, reproduction.” V. Animal pathology.—Diseases, accidents, decay. VI. Animal distribution. VII. Principles of animal culture. Breeding, rearing, fattening
Boox III. Mineral kingdom and the atmosphere in reference to Agriculture. Chap. 1. Geological structure of the globe. Il. Earths and soils.— Classification, nomenclature, analysis, use, improvement,&c.‘ 111. Manures.—Animal, vegetable, theory of action, species, preservation, application.— Mineral manures, operation, species, application,&c. IV. Meteorology.—Heat, light, electricity, water, air, climate of Britain.
Boox IV. Mechanical agents employed in agriculture. Chap. 1. Implements.—Tools, instruments, utensils, hand-machines. Son II. Machines and implements for beasts of labor.—Ploughs, cultivators, hoes, drills, harrows, rollers, rakes, reaping machines, threshing machines, hay machines, carts, waggons, steamers, boilers, cutters,&c. III. Edifices—Farm house, houses for live stock, dead stock, crop, labor, sheds, shelters,&c. IV. Fences, gates,&c.
Boox V. Operations of agriculture. Chap. 1. Manual.— Common, simple, on the soil, with plants, with animals, mixed," Ii. Operations with laboring cattle.— On the soil, on the road, in machinery, mixed. Ill. Scientific operations.— Of measurement, quantities, value, accounts, order, neatness, and propriety.
Part II]. AGRICULTURE AS PRACTISED IN BRITAIN.
Book I. Valuation, transfer, purchase,&c. of landed property. Chap. 1. Tenures. If. Estimation. III. Sale. IV. Purchase.
300k II. Improvement of landed property.: Chap. 1. Formation of roads. Kinds, direction, form, materials, paved roads, rail roads, preservation, repairs,&c.,: “TI. Canals.—Kinds, direction, powers by act of parliament, execution, preservation I1I. Draining.—Theory, bogs, hills, vallies, mixed, retentive,&c. IV, Embanking.—Theory, banks, sluices,&c. V, Trrigation.—Theory, flooding, flowing, warping,&
Yoo
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Chap. V1. Appropriating commonable lands.— Origin, general principles, practice of commissioners of enclosure. VII. Consolidating detached property.—By exchange, purchase,&c. Vili. Arranging landed estates.-— Quantities, connection,&c. _ IX. Laying out farms and cottages.—Roads, buildings,&c. X. Improving farms.— Climate, soil, roads, water, rivers, wastes, bogs, mountains,’ rocks, woods,&c.&c. XI. Mills, manufactories, villages, markets, cottages,&c. XII. Mines, quarries, pits, and metalliferous bodies,&c. XIII. Fisheries and marine productions.—Marine fisheries, river, lake, and stream fisheries, vegetable marine productions. XIV. Plantations and woodlands.— Soils, trees, formation, culture, management, sale,&c.&c. XV. Orchards.—Soil, situation, climate, sorts of trees, culture, gathering, storing, cyder making,&c. XVI. Execution of improvements.—By the landlord, by the tenant; general cautions,&c.
Boox III. Management of landed property. Chap. 1. Executive establishment.—Duties, qualifications, stewards, substewards, bailiffs, ground- offices,&c. Il. Administrator or manager.—Principles of conduct, tenants, letting, selling, rents, reductions, covenants, cottagers, accounts, maps, Xc.
Boox IV. Selection, hiring, and stocking of farms. Chap. 1. Considerations as to the farm before hiring.— Climate, soil, subsoil, elevation, surface, aspect, markets, extent, tenure, rent, taxes, vicinage,&c. II. Considerations as to the farmer ore hiring.—Personal character, professional knowledge, experience, capital,&c. III. Choice of stock.—Live stock”for labor, breeding, feeding, implements, servants,&c. IV. Management.—Accounts,;arrangement of labor, servants, markets, domestic and personal matters.
fore
Boox V. Culture of farm lands. Chap. 1. General processes.—Rotations, fallows, manures. Il. Culture of cereal grasses.— Wheat, rye, barley, oats, other species. Ill. Leguminous agricultural plants.—Pea, bean, tare, others. IV. Roots or leaves.—Potatoe, turnip, carrot, parsnip, beet or marigold, cabbage tribe, others. V. Herbage plants.— Clovers, lucerne, saintfoin, others.
VI. Cultivated grasses.—Hay grasses, temporary, permanent, pasture grasses, Woburn experiments. ‘VII. Management of permanent grass lands.—Mowing or meadow, pastures for feeding, rearing, improvement of grass lands by temporary conversion to tillage, draining, paring,
lragging,&c.
dragging, VIII. Plants
s grown for various arts and manufactures.—Cloathing arts, brewery, distillery, oil plants, domestic economy, medicine. IX. Weeds.— Annuals, biennials, perennials.
managing,
VIII. Vermin or animals noxious in agriculture.
Part IV. Sratistics oF British AGRICULTURE.
Boox I. Present state of agriculture in the British Isles.
I. Practitioners.— Operators, commercial cultivators, professors, artists, patrons.
I. Kinds of farm.
Ill. Topographical survey.—England, county by county.—Wales, ditto.— Scotland, ditto.—Ireland, ditto.
Iv. Literature of agriculture.—British, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Russian, Swedish, American.
V. Police and laws.
Chap. I
Boox II. Future progress of agriculture in Britain. Chap. 1. Improvement by increase of profits. II. By increased taste for agricultural knowledge. Ill. By better education of practitioners.
KaenpARIAL InpEx.—GENERAL INDEX.
Whoev... will compare the above rude outline with the contents of any agricultural work extant, vill be convinced of the superior comprehensiveness of the Encyclopedia; and when the 1Ma~onse number of engravings are considered, illustrative of the history of agriculture, of its Mmplements, machines, buildings, operations, farms, estates, roads, waters, plants, weeds, animals, vermin,&c., it may be safely affirmed that no preceding work(unless the Encyclopedia of Gardening) ever contained such a body of instruc- tion within the same limits. ze:
Bayswater, 8th April, 1824.
s
t
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ANE Somes Yes. we A ON
In the Press, and will soon be ready for Publication, BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN,
AN
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANTS;
COMPRISING AME(ITS DERIVATION AND ACCENTUATION), SYNONYM, DESCRIPTION. PECIFIC CHARACTER, HISTORY, USE, PROPAGATION, CULTURE, AND APPLICATION IN THE ARTS,
THE N Ss
; OF ALL THE PLANTS INDIGENOUS OR IN CULTIVATION IN BRITAIN;
COMBINING A LINNZAN AND JUSSIEUEAN SPECIES PLANTARUM,
ALL THE ADVANTAGES OF AN.HISTORIA PLANTARUM,
AND
@ Dictionary of Meaetable Culture.
THE WHOLE IN ENGLISH, Ss ON A NEW PRINCIPLE, AND WITH
AND ILLUSTRATED WITH PICTORIAL TYPE NTERESTING SPECIES.
_ MANY THOUSAND ENGRAVINGS OF THE MOST I
Edited by J.C. LOUDON, FS HSs icc.
AUTHOR OF THE ENCYC LOPEDIA OF GARDENING.
rs by an eminent Botanist, the Drawings for the Figures by Sowerby, 4
The specific Characte the Printing by Messrs. Spottiswoode.
the Engravings on Wood by Branston, and
h is meant to be combined in this work, which, it information in the same bulk than has This advantage has been attained jointly
dine above title indicates how muc may be confidently stated, will contain more
hitherto been given in any work of the kind. by the ingenuity of the plan, the small-sized letter, and the pictorial signs. The latter
have been alluded to in the Encyclopedia of Gardening(p. 126. 2d edit.), and will form an original feature in this work, and one of the utmost importance in point of utility. T’o illustrate their use, let us take the woody plants:— these, of whatever kind, are
all designated in common works by one particular sign(h) 3 whether the ligneous ve- fir, deciduous or evergreen, a shrub
getable be six inches or sixty feet high, a palm, a or an undershrub, a twiner, 4 climber, or a trailer, this sign is alike applied. In our than a dozen signs for woody plants, indicative of the above and and
work we have more
other peculiarities of habit; and we have annuals, distinguishing bulbs, tuberous roots, twiners, bog plants, aquatics, succulents, parasites,&c.&c. and not arbitrary or conventional, understood at the first glance. invention of memory.
Independently of the usual characteristics of time of flowering. introduction, reference to figures, we also give the color of the habitations of British species, the soil, and mode of propagation, in general works.
We have also numbered the great use in gardens and nurserie names, and ensuring accuracy 2d edit.)
As all the plants of intere popular reader, the cultivator, anc
an equal number for perennials, pbiennials. ramose or fibrous roots, creepers, climbers, ‘These signs be pictorial, are>, and require no 4 native country, year of flower, the height, the
which are new features
a manner which will be found of jor of writing out catalogues ane 9.
genera and species in of Gard. page 105¢
s, In abridging the lak in these respects.(See Encyc. >° ere E: a“av the st for their beauty, curiosity, OF use, Will be eng? ved, 1 the botanist, will be alike instructed and entertamed.
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