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LEE LOVES OF THE PLANTS
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| PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES.
VIVUNT IN VENEREM PRONDES; NEMUS OMNE PER ALTUM FELIX ARBOR AMAT;3 NUTANT AD MUTUA PALME
FEDERA, POPULEO SUSPIKAT POPULUS ICTU,
Er PLATANI PLATANIS, ÄLNOQUE ASSIBILAT ALNUS,
CLAUD, EPITI.

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1 INNEÜUS has divided the vegetable world into
24 Claſſes; theſe Claſſes into about 120 Orders;
; theſe Orders contain about 2005 Families, or Ge-
nera; and theſe Families about 20,000 OPCCIES;
/ beſides the innumerable Varieties, which the ac-
| cidents of climate or cultivation have added to
theſe SPeCCIECS.
The Claſſes are diſtinguiſhed from each other | in this ingenious lyſtem, by the number, ſituation,
-.
adheſion, or reciprocal proportion of the males in Cach flower. The Orders, in many of theſe Claſſes, are diſtinguiſhed by the number, or other circum- ſtances of the females. The Families, or Genera, u are cCharad&erized by the analogy of all the parts of the flower or frudtification. The SPECIES are diltinguilhed by the foliage of the plant; and the
A 2

IV PERSER AGGH:
Varieties by any accidental circumſtance of colour, taſte, or odour; the ſeeds of theſe do not always produce plants imilar to the parent; as in our nu- merous fruit-trees and garden flowers; which are
propagatcd by grafts or layers.
The firſt eleven Claſſes include the plants, in whole flowers both the ſexes reſide; and in which the Males or Stamens are neither united, nor un- equal in height when at maturity; and are therc- fore diſtinguiſhed from each other imply by the A UNDEr OF males 1 CACH-HOWEr, a515 10 in fhe annexced PLATE, copied from the Didtionnaire Bo- tanique of M. BULLTARD, in which the numbers
of each divilion refer to the Botanic Claſles.
CLASS I. Osz MALE, Monandria; includes the plants which pollcis but one Stamen in cach flower.
Il. Two MaLFBs, Diandria, Two Stamens-
UL TpkRzs Males, Triandria. Three Stamens.
IV. Four MALFESs, Tetrandria. Four Stamens.
V.'Fivs Magers, Pentandria, Five Stamens.
VL Six MaALEs, Hexandria, Six Stamens.

PREKAGCH. v VII. SEVEN Mares, Heptandria. Seven Sta- imens. VIII. Eienr Mares, OZandria. Eight Sta- mens. IX. NINE MaLFEs, Enneandria. Ninc Sta- mens. X. Trey Mares, Decandria. Ten Stamens. XI. TwELVE MaLEs, Dodecandria. Twelve
Stamens.
The next two Claſſes are diſtinguiſhed not only by the number of equal and diſunited males, as in the above eleven Claſſes, but require an additional circumſtance to be attended to, v/z. whether the males or ſtamens be ſituated on the calyx, or not.
XIT.“TWENDE Mares, LTcojandria, Twenty Stamens inſerted on the calyx or flower-cup; as 18 well ſeen in the laſt Figure of No. xil. in the an- nexed Plate.
XII. Mayy MAaLrrs, Po/yandria. From 20 to 100 Stamens, which do not adhere to the ca- Iyx; as 1s well ſeen in the firſt Figure"of No. zus.
1n the annexed Plate.
A3

vl PREEXECECH.
In the next two Claſſes, nat only the number of lamens are to be obſerved, but the reciprocal proportions in reſpect to height.
XIV. Two PoweERs, Didynamia. Four Sta- mens, of which two are lower than the other two; as 15 ſeen in the two firſt Figures of No. x1v.
XV. FovR Po wERs, Teiradynamia. Six Sta- mens; of which four are taller, and the two lower ones Oppolite to cach other;- as 18 ſeen in the third
Figure of the upper row in No. xv.
The five ſubſequent Claſſes are diſtinguiſhed not by the number of the males, or ſtamens, but by their union or adheſion, either by their anthers, or filaments, or to the female or piſtil.
XVI. ONE BROTHERHOOD, Movadelplia. Ma- ny Stamens united by their filaments into one company; as in the ſecond Figure below of No. SVE
XVH. Two BROTHERHOODS,. Many Stamens united by their filaments into two companies: as in the uppermoſt Fig. No. xvit.
XVIII. MaxY BROTHERHOODS, Polyadelphia. Many Stamens united by their filaments into three
.«AT... OF MIOLECE COMPANICS, as T1 INO. ZV
ab NT TE SGGG IZ ZZ G

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anwen nagen
PR EEA CHEL: vii
XIX. CONFEDERATE MALES, Syugenefia. Ma-
ny Stamens united by their anthers; as in the firſt audi ſecond Figures; No. zx.
XX. FEMININE MALESs, Gynandria. Many
Stamens attached to the piſtil.
The next three Claſles conſiſt of plants, whoſe flowers contain but one of the ſexes; or if lome of them contain both ſexes, there are other flowers accompanying them of but one ſex.
XXI. OE Hovser, Morea. Male flowers and female flowers ſeparate, but on the ſame plant.
XXIL Two HovSeEs, D/i&&ga. Male flowers and female flowers ſeparate on different plants.
XXL. POLYGAMY, Polygamia. Male and fe- male flowers on one or more plants, which have
at the ſame time flowers of both ſexes.
"The laſt Claſs contains the plants whoſe flowers are not diſcernible. XXIV. CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE, Cyypto-
gamia.
The Orders of the firſt thirteen Claſfies are A 4
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vill PISI AUG 1.
founded on the number of Females, or Piſtils, and diſtinguiſhed by the names, ÖNE FEMALE, M61o- gynia."Two FEMALES, Digyma./. WHREEFE> MALES, Trigynia,&c. as 18 1een in No. 1. Which re- preſents a plant of one malc, once female; and in the firſt figure of No. x1. which repreſents a lower with twelve males, and three females;(for, where the piſtils have no apparent ſtyles, the ſum- mits, or ſtigmas, are to be numbered) and in the firſt figure of No. xu. which repreſents a flower with twenty males and many females; and inthe laſt Figure ofithe fame NS: which has twenty males and once female; and in No. xi. which rec- preſents a fower with many males and many fe-
males.
The Claſs of Two PowERS 1s divided into two natural Orders; into ſuch. as have their ſeeds
naked at the bottom of the calyx, or flower-cup;
and ſuch as have tbeir ſeeds covered; as 18 ſeen
14%. NO WIV. 1105 2 WE
The Claſs of FOUR POWERS 18 divided alſo into
two Orders; in one of theſe the ſeeds are mcloſed

En Sd EA
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GENET SEEEEEEEEEIEEEETEEN TEENIE ---<-nemieemn SINGEN
PREN AGE bs iX in. 4 flcule; as: In Shepherd 5-purſ2:1...No:1.xv. Fig. 5. In the other they are incloſcd in a flique,
as.in Wall-fower.. Fig. 4.
In all therother Claſſes,"excCepting;the6 Claſſes Confederate Males, and Clandeſtine Marriage, as the charader of each Claſs is diſtinguiſhed by the ſituations of the males; the charader of the Orders is marked by the numbers of them. In the Claſs'ONE BROTHERHOOD, No: zyt.«Fig. 3- the Order of ten males 15 repreſented: And in wer Claſßs Two: BROTHERH 00DS5, N00eUEviE
Fis 2. the-Order ten males is repreſented.
In the Claſs CONFEDERATE MALES, the Orders are chiefly diſtinguiſhed by the fertility or barrenneſß of the florets of the diſk, or ray
of the compound flower.
Andinthe Claſs of CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE, the four Orders are termed FERXNS, MossES,
FLAGS, and EFUNGÜSSES-
The Orders are again divided into Genera; or
Families,
1 i
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X; PREFZAGE
Families, which are all natural aſſociations, and are deſcribed from the general reſemblances of the parts of fructification, in reſpect to their number, form, ſituation, and reciprocal proportion. Theſe are the Calyx; or Flower-cup, as ſeen in No. iv. Fig. 19 Noi. Fie.1.00073:0No0/.20%. Fie 1,2 35 4:"Second; the Corol, 6r Bloſſom."as ſeen in No. 1, 8.&c. Third, the Males or Stamens, as in Na. 1v.:- Eid. 14 and No: vii. Fign1.. Fourth; the Females, or Piſtils, as in No. 1. No. zii. Fis: 44 N6. 31 Figt 34 Now Vig 3. Filth, the-Pericarp or Fruit-veſſel, as No. xv. PT. 042/ 5 NO XV
Fig. 2. Sith. he Seeds
"Phe iiluſtrious author of the Sexual Syſtem of
Botany, in his preface to his account of the Natu- ral Orders, ingeniouſly 1magines, that one plant of each Natural Order was created in the begin- ning; and that the intermarriages of theſe Pro- duced one plant of every Genus, or Family: and that theintermarriages of theſe Generic, or Family plants, produced all the ſpecies: and: laſtly, that the intermarriages of the individuals of the OPC
Cles produced the Varicties.
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In the following Porn, the name or number of the Claſs or Order of each plant 13 printed in 1talices; as“ Two brother ſwains:"“ One Houſe << contains them: and the word(5: EUEREN AEXE preſſes the Claſs of Clandeſtine Marriage
SZ, Vo <c
The Reader, who wiſhes to become further ac- quainted with this delightfal ficld of ſcience, 1s adviſed to ſtudy the works of the Great Maſter, and 18 apprized that they are exactly and literally tranſlated into Engliſh, by a Society at Lic4-
FIELD, in four Volumes Odavo.
To the SYSTEM OF VEGETABLESF*;s prefixed a COP1OoUS explanation of all the Terms uſed in Botany, tranſlated from a theſis of Dr. E1LMSGREEN, with the plates and references from
the Philoſophia Botanica of LINNEVS.
%* The SYSTEM OF VEGETABLES tranſlated from the 1? Syſtema Vegetabil/ium, in two Vols. 1s ſold by Leica and SoTHEBY, York Street, Covent-Garden: Price eighteen Shil-
lings, in Boards,
ii
ienemiden ÄN

SSS SINNE ZINT
zu PREF ACE:
To the: FAMILIES OF PLANTS*:35 pfe- fixed a Catalogue of the names of plants, and other Botanic Terms, carefully acccnted, to Ihew their proper pronunciation; a work of great la- bour, and which was much wanted, not only by
beginners, but by proficients in BOTANY.
* The FAMILIES OF PLANTS tranſlated from the Genera Plantarum, in two Vols. by JoHNSon, St. Paul's
Church Yard, London: Price fixteen Shillings, in Boards.

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GENTLE READER, L.0. here a CAMERA ÖBSCURA 18 preſented to thy view, in which are lights and ſhades dancing on a whited canvas, and magnified into äpparent life!--if thou art pertelly at leiſure for ſuch trivial amuſement, walk in, and:view
the wonders:of my INCHANTED GARDEN.
Whereas. P. OviD1uvs Naso, a great Necro- mancer„ir fe famous Court of. AUGUSTUS Cz5AR, did by art poetic tranſmute Men, Wo- men, and even Gods and Goddeſles, into Trees and Flowers; 1 have undertaken by ſimilar art tO reſtGre 1OMme of them fo their'orirnal ani- malty, after having remained priſoriers ſo long
in their reſpedtive vegetable manſions; and. have 1

€ zu) here exhibited them before thee. Which thou
may'ſt contemplate as diverſe little pictures fuf-
pendcd over the chimney of a Lady's drefling
room, cornected only by a flight feftoon of ribbous. And which, though thou may ſt not be ac- quaintcd with thc originals, may amuſe thee by the beauty of their perſons, their graceful att:-
tudes, or the brilliancy of their drels.
FAREWELL:

THE
LOVES OF THE
PLANTS.
JDESCEND, ye hovering Sylphs! aerial Quires,
NN And ſwecp with little hands your filver Iyres;
(| With fairy footſteps print your grafiy rings,
' Ye Gnomes! accordant to the tinkling ſtrings:
While in ſoft notes I tune to oaten reed
Gay hopes, and amorous ſorrows of the mead.--
From giant Oaks, that wave their branches dark,
|
[|
| J
pj To the dwarf Mols that clings upon their bark,
What Beaux and Beauties crowd the gaudy groves,
« «
And woo and win their vegetable Loves, TO
Vegetable Loves. 1. 10. Linneus, the celebrated Swediſh na-
PÄRE IE B

x?
FONTS OF CaNTo 1 How Snowdrops cold, and blue-eyed Harebels blend Their tender tears, as-0 er the ſtream they bend: The love-ſick Violet, and the Primroſe pale, Bow their ſweet heads, and whiſper to the gale; With ſecret fſighs the Virgin Lily droops, And Jealous Cowſlips hang their tawny cups. How the young Roſe in beauty's damaſk pride Drinks the warm bluſfhes of his baſhfal bride; With honey'd lips enamour'd Woodbines meet, Claſp with fond arms, and mix their kiſſes ſweet.-- 20
„uf
Stay thy ſoft murmuring waters, gentle Rill; Huth, whiſpering Winds; ye ruſtling Leaves, be
all:;- Reſt, ſilver Butterflies, your quivering wings;
Alight, ye Beetles, from vour airv rings: O. 4|»/ C=?
turaliſt, has demonſtrated, that all flowers contain families of males or females, or both; and on their marriages has con-
ſtruded his invaluable ſyſtem of Botany.

CANTo I. THE BR ANFTS. 3 Ye painted Moths, your gold-eyed plumage farl, Bow your wide horns, your ſpiral trunks uncurl; Glitter, ye Glow-worms, on your moſiy beds;
Deſcend, ye Spiders, on your lengthened threads; Slide here, ye horned Snails, with varniſh'd ſhells;
Ye Bee-nymphs, liſten in your waxen cells! 30
BOTANIC MUSE! who in this latter age Led by your airy hand the Swediſh lage, Bade his keen eye your ſecret haunts explore On dewy dell, high wood, and winding ſhore; Say on each leaf how tiny Graces dwell; How laugh the Pleaſures in a blofſom's bell; How inſe& Loves ariſe on cobweb wings, Aim their light ſhafts, and point their little
ſings.
fs Eirft the tall“ Canxailifes his-eurled brow
Ered& to heaven, and plights his nuptilal vow; 40
Canna. 1. 39. Cane, ef Indian Reed“ One male and one
B 2

NE SEEN ae m eS WAERE DESEIE<=<< GEERDUDT-
4 1. OVZEiSE OF CARTO Ls The virtuous pair, in milder regions born, Dread the rude blaſt of Autumn s icy morn; Bound the chill fair he folds his crimſon veſt,
And claſps the timorous beauty to his breaſt.
Thy love, CALLITRICHE, 7wo Virgins ſhare, Smit with thy ſtarry eye and radiant hair;-- On the green margin ſits the youth, and laves His floating train of trefles in the waves;
Sees his fair features paint the ſtreams that paſs,
ylaſs. ZO
« «<o[W1
And bends for ever o er the watery
f2male inhabit each flower. It is brought from between the tropics to our hot-houſes, and bears a beautiful crimſon flower;
i; 2 2% the ſeeds are uſed as ſhot by the Indians, and are ſtrung for
prayer-beads in ſome Catholic countries.
Callitriche. 1. 45. Fine-hair, Stargraſs. One male and two females inhabit each flower. The upper leaves grow in form of a ſtar, whence it is called Stellaria Aquatica by Ray and others; its ſtems and leaves float far on the water, and are oſten
ſo matted together, as to bear a perſon walking on them. The
male ſometimes lives in a ſeparate fower.

CANTo 1, FRESE SPS RAENZT. E s
Two brother ſwains, of CoLLIN's gentle name, The fame their features, and their forms the lame, With rival love for fair COLLINI1A ſigh,
Knit the dark brow, and roll the unſteady eye. With ſweet concern the pitying beauty mourns,
And ſooths with ſmiles the jealous pair by turns.
Sweet blooms GENISTA in the myrtle ſhade,
And /en fond brothers woo the haughty maid.
Collinſonia. 1. 51. Two males one female. TJ have lately obſerved a very Ningular circumſtance in this flower; the two males ſtand widely diverging from each other, and the female bends herſelf into conta& firſt with one of them, and aſter ſome time leaves this and applies herſelf to the other. It is probable one of the anthers may be mature before the other. See note on
Glorioſa, and Geniſta. The females in Nigella, devil in the buſh, are very tall compared to the males: and bending over in a circle to them, give the flower ſome reſemblance to a regal crown. Ihe female of the Epilobium Auguſtifolium, roſe bay» -
willow herb, bends down amongſt the males for ſeveral days
and becomes upright again when impregnated,
«ar
Geniſia. 1. 57. Dyer's broom. Ten males and one female
inhabit this lower. The males are generally united at the
B: 3
emma dR<< 5

6 TONES OB Canyrol. Two knights before thy fragrant altar bend;
Adored MELIis5SA! and /7zwo ſquires attfend.-- 60
bottom in two ſets, whence Linneus has named the claſs“ two brotherhoods." In the Geniſta, however, they are united in but one ſet. The flowers ofthis claſs are called papilionaceous, from their reſemblance to a butterfly, as the pea-bloffom. In the Spar- ium Scoparium, or common broom, 1 have lately obſerved a curious circumſtance, the males or ſtamens are in two ſets, one ſet riſing a quarter of an inch above the other; the upper ſet does not arrive at their maturity ſo ſoon as the lower, and the ſtigma, or head of the female, is produced amongſt the upper or imma- ture ſet; but as ſoon as the piſtil grows tall enough to burſt open the keel-leaf, or hood of the flower, it bends itſelf round ;n an inſtant, like a French horn, and inſerts its head, or ſtigma, amongſt the lower or mature ſet of males. Thepuilorniemale: continues to grow in length; and in a few days the ſtigma ar- rives again amongſt the upper ſet, by the time they become ma- ture. This wonderful contrivance is readily ſeen by opening the keel-leaf of the flowers.of broom before they burſt ſpontaneouſly,
See note on Collinſonia, Glorioſa, Draba.
Meliſſa. 1. 60. Balm. In each flower there are four males
and one femaie; two of the males ſtand higher than the other two; whence the name ofthe claſs“** two powers." I have ob- (erved in the Ballota, and others of this claſs, that the two lower ftamens, or males, become mature before the two higher. Af-
ter they have ſhed their duſt, they turn themſelves away out-
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CanTo I. TIE BEANTS.+
*
MEavDIia S ſoft chains /7ve ſuppliant beaux confeſs,
And hand in hand the laughing belle addreis;
wards, and- the piſtil, or female, continuing.to grow a little taller, is applied to the upper ſtamens. See Glorioſa and Ge- niſla.
AII the plants of this claſs, which have naked ſeeds, are aro- matic. Ihe Marum and Nepeta are particularly delightful tc cats; no other brute animals ſeem delighted with any odours but
thoſe of their food or prey.
Meadia. 1. 61. Dodecatheon, American Cowſlip. Five males and one female. The males, or anthers, touch each other. The uncommon beauty of this fower occaſioned Linneus to give it 4 name ſignifying the twelve heathen gods; and Dr. Mead to aflix his own name t6 it... Ihe piſtil is much longer than the ſtamens, hence the flower-ſtalks have their elegant bend, tliat
k|-+? GE BEE PPS ADE ER the ſtigma may hang downwards to receive the fecundating duſt of the anthers. And the petals are ſo beautitully turned back
EI ARIE M3 CREE I CEMIL 22 TE Ed Ne 2417 to prevent the rain or deW-drops irom 1L1ding down and waihing
1 || 1
off this duſt 55 and at the ſame time expoſing it to th
y IG
light and air. As ſoon as the ſeeds are formed. it ered&s all the flower-ſtalks to prevent them from falling out, and thus loſes the
beauty of its fgure.[5 this a mechanical effect, or does it indi-
cate a vegetable ſtorge to preſerve its offspring* Dee nete on
Jex, X Gloriola.
In the Meadia, the Borago, Cyclamen, Solanum, and many
& *D
1
others, the filaments are very ſhort compared with the Kyle
B 4

8[FOV ES: OF Caro 1. Alike to all, he bows with wanton air,
Rolls her dark eye, and waves her golden hair.
Woo'd with long care, CURCUMA, cold and ſhy,
Meets her fond huſband witb averted EYE
Hence it became neceflary, If, to furniſh the lamens with long anthers. 2d. To lengthen and bend the peduncle or fower-ſtalk, that the fower might hang downwards. 2d."To refle& the pe-
theſe peduncles when the germ was iecun-
ID
tals? ME. KO eReCGL dated. We may reaſon upon this by obſerving, that all this ap- paratus might have been ſpared, if the filaments alone had grown longer; and that thence in. theſe flowers that the filaments are the moſt unchangeable parts; and that thence their comparative length, in EE to the ſtyle, would afford a moſt permanent
mark of their generic character.
Curcuma. 1. 65. Turmeric- One male and one female in- habit this flower; but there are beſides four imperfeC& males, or filaments without anthers upon them, called by Linneus eu- nuchs. The flax of our country has ten filaments, and but five of them are terminated with anthers; the Portugal flax has ten perfe& males or ſtamens; the Verbena of our country has four males; that of Sweden has but two; the genus Albuca, the Bignonia Catalpa, Gratiola, and hemlock leaved Gefanium, have only half their filaments crowned with anthers. In like
manner the forets, which form the rays of the flowers of the
3
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ſome

CanTo 1. MEGHAN BPEL PAENLTS: 9 Four beardleſs youths the obdurate beauty move
With ſoft attentions of Platonic love.
4
| order fruſtraneous polygamy of the claſs ſyngeneſa, or confede- |)))
| NENE:|
| rate males, as the ſun-flower, are furniſhed with a ſtyle only, j and no ſtigma: and are thence barren. There is alſo a ſtyle |:
: without a ſtigma in the whole order dicecia gynandria; the male |)
fowers of which are thence barren. The Opulus is another
||
TUN WENN
plant, which contains ſome unprolific fowers. In like manner ſome tribes of inſe&s have males, females, and neuters among them; as bees, waſps, ants.
There is a curious circumſtance belonging to the claſs of in- ſets which have two wings, or diptera, analogous to the rudi- ments of ſtamens above deſcribed: viz. two little knobs are found placed each on a ſftalk or peduncle, generally under a little arched ſcale; which appear to be rudiments of hinder wings, and
are called by Linneus halteres, or poifers, a term of his introduc-
tion. A. T. Bladh. Aman, Acad. V. 7. Other animals have
marks of having in a long proceſs of time undergone changes in
? ſome parts of their bodies, which may have been effe&ed to ac-
k;-..»„rT cCommodate them to new ways of procuring their food. The
( exiſtence of teats on the breaſts of male animals, and which are
generally replete with a thin kind of milk at their nativity, is
SIE ed dt: in eien Se BEBE elörn| 550 a wonderful inſtance of this kind. Perhaps all the productions of nature are in their progreſs to greater perfection! an idea countenanced by the modern diſcoveries and deduCtions concern-
ing the progreflive, formation ot the j01d parts ol UNS MEeIT2
|
=.-
Rin<a mms EINTSIE aul; <P===
xd

IO LOVES OF CANTO 1. With vain deſires the penſive ALCEA burns,
And, like ſad E1.0154a, loves and mourns. 70
queous globe, and conſonant to the dignity of the Creator of all
things.
Alcea. 1. 69. Flore pleno. Double hollyhock. The double lowers, ſo much admired by the foriſts, are termed by the bo- taniſt vegetable monſters; in ſome of theſe the petals are mul- tiplied three or four times, but without excluding the ſtamens, hence they produce fome ſeeds, as Campanula and Stramoneum; but in others the petals become ſo numerous as totally to ex- cluüde the ſtamens or males; as Caltha,(060 and Alcea; theſe produce no ſeeds, and are termed eunuchs. Philoſ. Botan. No. 150.
Theſe vegetable monſters are formed in many ways; iit. Bv the multiplication of the petals and the excluſion of the nea ries, as In larkſpur. 2d. By the multiplication of the nedaries and excluſion of the IM7 as in columbine. 3d. In ſome
flowers growing in cymes, the wheel-ſhape flowere in the margin
are multiplied to the exclufion of the bell-ſhape flowers in the
centre, as in gelder-roſe. 4th. By the elongation of the forets in the centre. Inſtances of both theſe are found in daiſy and feverfew; for other Kinds of vegetable monſters, ſee lantago.
The perianth is not changed in double Aowers, hence the genus or family may be often diſcovered by the calyx, as in He- patica, Ranunculus, Alcea. In thoſe flowers, which have many petals, the loweſt ſeries of the petals remains unchanged in re-
6

GAaNToO.F. DHE: BE Ard DS: LE The freckled IR15s owns a fiercer flame,
And?/iree unjealous huſbands wed the dame. CUPRESSUS dark diſdains his duſky bride,
One dome contains them, but /zwo beds divide.
A
ſpe& to number; hence the natural number of the petals eaſily diſcovered. As in poppies, roſes, and Nigella, or devil in
a buſh. Phil. Bot. p. 128.
HE 1 74. Flower de T.üce. Three males, one-female: Some of the ſpecies have a beautifully freckled flower; the large ſtigma or head of the female covers the three males, counterfeit- ing a petal with its diviſions.
Cupreſſus. 1. 73. Cypreſs. One houſe. The males live in ſeparate flowers, but on the ſame plant. The males of ſome of theſe plants, which are in ſeparate flowers from the females, have an elaſtic membrane; which diſperſes their duſt to a conſiderable diſtance, when the anthers burſt open. Ihis duſt, on a fine day, may often be ſeen like a cloud hanging round the common nettle. The males and females of all the cone bearing plants are in ſeparate Nowers, either on the ſame or on different plants; they produce reſins, and many of them are ſuppoſed to ſupply the moſt durable timber: what is called Venice-turpentine is obtained from tbe larch by wounding the bark about two feet from the ground, and Catching it as 1t exſudes; Sandarach is procured from common juniper; and incenſe from a juniper with yellow fruit. The unperiſhable cheſts, which contain the
Egyptian mummies, were of Cypreſ; and the Cedar, with

1.2 EH OVWVES OF CAaANTo I.
The proud OsyY.1s flies his angry fair,
Tzvo houſes hold the faſhionable pair.
(ppapieis ! 74 7: I(118 With ſtrange deformity PLANTAGo treads, en) A monſter-birth! and lifts his hundred heads; u WDR
which black-lead pencils are covered, is not liable to be eaten
by worms. See Miln's Bot. Di4. art. conifere. The gates of dt. Peter's church at Rome, which had laſted from the time of Conſtantine to that of Pope Eugene the fourth, that is to ſay, What eleven hundred years, were of Cypreſs, and had in that time ſuf-
tered no decay. According to Thucydides, the Athenians bu-
ried the bodies of their heroes in cofiins of Cypreſs, as being not men ... 7 1 vd 15 wen. 4'( lubject to decay. A ſimilar durability bas alſo been aſcribed to| fh
x|
Cedar. Thus Horace, ohe
ſperamus carmina fin 71 d
Poſſe Linenda cedro&[Ew jervanda cupreſa. Opi: 75- 1wo houſes. The males and females are on bien different plants. There are many inſtances on record, where fe- N male plants have been impregnated at very great diſtance from their male; the duſt diſcharged from the anthers is very light, hey ſmall, and copious, ſo that it may ſpread very wide in the atmo- ea
ſphere, and be carried to the diſtant piſtils, without the ſuppo-
ſition of any particular attration; theſe plants reſemble ſome| inſects, as the ants, and cochineal inſect, of which the males'
have wings, but not the female.
Plantago. 1. 77. Roſea. Roſe-Plantain. In this vegetable

CaNTo I. FIRE PITA: TD S I
3 Yet with ſoit love a gentle belle he charms, And claſps the beauty in his hundred arms. 80 90 hapleſs DESDEMONA, fair and young,
Won by OTHELLO's captivating tongue, |" 1 2:74 NEE Ih 4(> 35.2208 en 5082<< am LLT[98 a 8 SEIEN(IK) v1gh d o'er each ſtrange and piteous tale, diſtreſs'd
And ſunk enamour'd on his 100ty breaſt.
MT;„
Two gentle[hepherc ter
CI-W 17 ES
With thee, ANnTHoxa! lead ambrofal lives
monſter the brades, or diviſions of the ſpike, become wonder-
„ws
fully enlarged; and are converted into leaves. The c! of the calyx in Xeranthemum, and in a ſpecies of Dianthus, and the glume in ſome alpine graſſes, and the ſcales of the ament in the Salix Roſea, roſe willow, grow into leaves; and produce other kinds of monſters. The double flowers become monſters by the multiplication of their petals or nedaries, See note on Alcea,
Anthoxanthum. 1. 86. Verna]l graſs, Two males, two females. "The other grafles have three males and two females. The flowers of this graſs give the fragrant ſcent to hay. 1 am informed it is frequently viviparous, that is, that it bears ſometimes roots or bulbs inſtead of ſeeds, which after a time drop off and ſtrike root
imto the ground. This circumſtance is ſaid to obtain in m Uy
1a
=. 1 ZENCES

u(ONES: OR Gunzel| Wherc the wide heath in purple pride extends, And ſcatter'd furze its golden luſtre blends, Cloſed in a green receſs, unenvy d lot!
The blue ſmoak riſes from their turf-built cot; go| With Boſom'd in fragrance bluſh their infant train,|(ert
Eye the warm ſun, or drink the ſilver rain. UWE
The fair OSMUNDA ſecks the ſilent dell,
The vy canopy, and dripping cell;
of the alpine grafſes, whoſe ſeeds are perpetually devoured by younp ſmall birds. T'he Feſtuca Dumetorum, feſcue graſs of the buſhes, produces bulbs from the ſheaths of its ſtraw. The Allium Ma- gicum, or magical onion, produces onions on its head inſtead of ſeeds. The Polygonum Viviparum, viviparous biſtort, riſes about a foot high, with a beautiful ſpike of flowers, which are ſucceed- ed by buds or bulbs, which fall off and take root. There is a buſh frequently ſeen on birch-trees, like a bird's neſt, which ſeems| 19
to be a fimilar attempt of nature to produce another tree; which
falling off, might take root in ſpongy ground. There is aninſtance of this double mode of produdtion in the
animal kingdom, which is equally extraordinary, the ſame ſpe-
cies of Aphis is viviparous in ſummer, and oviparous in autumn.;
A. T. Bladh. Aman. Acad. V.7./
%
Ofmunda, 1. 93. This plant grows on moiſt rocks; the parts

CANTo I. THE. PLANTS.
»4 G
There hid in ſhades c/andeſ?ne rites approves,
Till the green progeny betrays her loves.
With charms deſpotic fair CHONDRILLA reigns O'er the ſoft hearts of five fraternal ſwains; If ſighs the changeful ny mph, alike they mourn;
And, if ſhe ſmiles, with rival raptures burn. 100
of its Nower or its ſeeds are ſcarce diſcernible; whence Linneus has given the name of clandeſtine marriage to this claß. The
younger plants are of a beautiful vivid green.
Chondrilla. 1. 97. Of the claß Confederate Males. The 9. numerous florets, which conſtitute the diſk of the flowers in this claſs, contain in each five males ſurroundi ng one female, which are cConneCted at top, whence the name of the claſs. An Italia writer, in a diſcourſe on the irritabili ity of flowers, aſſerts, that if the top of the floret be touched, all the Gflaments which ſupport |
the cylindrical anther will contrat themſelves, and that by thus raiſing or de prefling the anther the whole of the prolific duſt is colle&ed on the ſtigma. He adds, that if one filament be touch- ed after it is ſeparated from the floret, that it will contrad like the muſcular fibres of animal bodies; his experiments were tried on the Centaurea Calcitrapoides, and on artichokes, and globe
thiſtles.* Diſcourſe on the irritability of plants. Dodſley,
y '
SE IE
NEE
CI SSr 25 AI

16 TIONZES Os CaNnTo I.
S0, tun d in uniſon, Eolian Lyre! Sounds in ſwect ſymphony thy kindred wire; Now, gently ſwept by Zephyr's vernal wings, Sink in ſoft cadences the love-ſick ſtrings; And now with mingling chords, and voices higher, Peal the full anthems of the aerial choir.
Five ſifſter-nymphs to join Diana's train With thee, fair LyYcus1s! vow,--but vow in
Van:
Beneath one roof reſides the virgin band, Flies the fond ſwain, and ſcorns his offer'd hand; But when ſoft hours on Breezy pinions move, ILI
And ſmiling May attunes her
rT
Lychnis. 1. 108. Ten males and five females. The flowers
which contain the five females, and thoſe which contain the ten males, are found on different plants; and often at a great diſ- tance from each other. Five of the ten males arrive at their ma- turity ſome days before the other five, as may be ſcen by opening the corol before it naturally expands itſelf. When the females arrive at their maturity, they riſe above the petals, as it Jooking
abroad for their diſtant huſbands; the ſcarlet ones contribute
much to the beauty of our meadows in May and June.
<< mrt Werk ris Berei dre I wbl Gp RED ava u
EEE ee(3 wv
RSE Gia FOC TSE
Ai»= ÜK TELALG Aefhnolite M tp en 5 dg 7 00 EEE NE LEE

LEFEEHGG ENKE WB
Tg WIE=" Weener me

< N y K WW
Y AY Y KY W R «a Ww » Td - Q by C IVT XX

CANTo I. ASF SP ANT S Each wanton beauty, trick'd in all: her grace, Shakes the bright dew-drops from her bluſhing
face:
In gay undreſs diſplays her rival charms,
And calls her wondering lovers to her arms.
When the young Hours amid her tangled hair Woyve the freſh roſe-bud, and the lily fair, Proud GLoORlosga led 1iiree choſen 1wains,
The bluſhing captives of her virgin chains.=- 120 S5 cap S
Gloriofa. 1. 119. Superba- Six“ males, one female. The petals of this beautiful lower with three of the ſtamens, which are firſt. mature, ſland up in apparent diſorder; and the piſtil bends at nearly a right angle to inſert its ſtigma amongſt them. In a few days, as theſe decline, the other three ſtamens bend over, and approach the piſtil. In the. Fritillaria Perſica, the x ſltamens are of equal lengths, and the anthers lie at a diſtance from the piſtil, and three alternate ones approach firſt; and, when theſe decline, the other three approach: in the Lithrum 25 Gei(which has twelve males and one female) a beautifal red flower, which grows on the banks of rivers, 00x of the males arrive at maturity, and ſurround the female ſome time before the other x: when theſe decline, the other ſix riſe up,
PaRT IT, E

18 VROBVYFZS SRO CanTo 1
--When Time's rude hand a bark of wrinkles ſpread
Round her weak limbs, and ſilver'd v'er her head,
Three other youths her riper years engage,
The flatter'd victims of her wily age.
So, in her wane of beauty, NiNoN won| With fatal[miles her gay unconſcious ſ0n.-- Claſp'd in his arms ſhe own'd a mother's name,-- “ Deliſt, raſh youth! reſtrain your 1mplous flamc, << Firſt on that bed your infant form was preis d, «: Born by my throes, and nurtured at my breaſt." Back as from death he ſprung, with wild amaze|
Fierce on the fair he fix'd his ardent 24296 132+
and ſupply their places. Several other flowers have in a imi- lar manner two ſets of ſtamens of different ages, as Adoxa, Lychnis, Saxifraga. See Geniſta. Perhaps a difference in the time of their maturity obtains in all theſe flowers, which have numerous ſtamens. dn the Kalmia the ten ſtamens lie round the piſtil like the radi of a wheel; and each anther is concealed. in a nich of the corol to proted it from cold and moiſture;|
theſe anthers riſe ſeparately from their niches, and approach the
REET
piſtl for a time, and then recede to their former ſituations.
ME ..-="ett eke

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CANIo 1. SEESEN PUS ACNE S7 I9
Dropp'd on one knee, his frantic arms outſpread, And ſtole a guilty glance toward the bed;
Then breath'd from quivering lips a whiſper'd vow, And bent on heaven his pale repentant brow;
<< Thus, thus!" he cried, and plung'd the furious dart,
And life and love guſh'd mingled from his heart.
The ell SILENE; and her: filiers. fair, 139 Skill'd in deſtruction, ſpread the viſcous ſnare,
Silene. 1. 139. Catchfly. Three females and ten males in- habit each flower; the viſcous material, which ſurrounds the ſtalks under the flowers of this plant, and of the Cucubalus Otites, is a curious contrivance to prevent various inſects from plandering the honey, or devouring the ſeed. In the Dionza Muſcipula there is a ſtill more wonderful contrivance to pre- vent the depredations of inſe&s: the leaves are armed with long teeth, like the antennz of inſedts, and lie ſpread upon the ground round the ſtem; and are ſo irritable, that when an in- ſe& creeps upon them, they fold up, and cruſh or pierce it to death. The laſt profeſor Linneus, in his Supplementum Plan- tarum, gives the following account of the Arum Muſcivorum. The flower has the ſmell of carrion; by which the flies are in-
vited to lay their eggs in the chamber of the flower, but in vain
- endeavour to eſcape, being prevented by the hairs pointing in-
(2>

REESE EIE“
OO
2 LOVES OF Caxro 1. The harlot-band ez loſty bravoes ſcreen, And, frowning, guard the magic nets unſcen. Haſte, olittering nations, tenants of the air,
h, ſteer from hence your viewlels courſe afar! If with ſoft words, ſweet bluſhes, nods, and
ſmiles,
The three dread Syrens lure you to their tolls, Limed by their art, in vain you point your ftings, In vain the efforts of your whirring wings!-- Go, ſeek your gilded mates and infant hives, 140
Nor taätie the honey purchas'd with your lives!
When heaven's high vault condenſing clouds deform,
Fair AMARYLLISs flies the incumbent ſtorm,
wärds; and thus perith in the flower, whence its name of fy-
i
eater. P. 411. In the Dypfacus is another contrivance for this
purpoſe, a baſon of water 1s placed round each joint of the ſtem. In the Droſera is another kind of Aly-trap. See Dypſacus and Droſera; the flowers of Silene and Cucuübalus are cloſed all day, but are open and give an agreeable odour in the night. See
Cerea. See additional notes at the end of the poem.
4maryllis; 1.152. Formoſiflima, Moſt beautiful Amaryt
SR IS<< MEI I Zinnen ZL MD. Selge; IÜÖEET. EIE uml 67 un EREN- EAR eUIe ER INGE Fine SD 4 SEBI ISIS
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CANTo I. SEE USP 1 AZN ZTiS. 21 Secks with unſteady ſtep the ſhelter'd vale,
And turns her bluſhing beauties from the gale.--
lis. Six males, one females. Some of the bell-flowers cloſe their apertures at night, or in rainy or cold weather, as the con- volvulus, and thus prote& their included ſtamens and piſtils. Other bell-Nowers hang their apertures downwards, as many of the lilies; in thoſe the piſtil, when at maturity, is tonger than the ſtamens; and by this pendant attitude of the bell, when the anthers burſt, their duſt falls on the ſtigma; and theſe are at the ſame time ſheltered as with an umbrella from rain and dews. But, as a free expoſure to the air 1s neceſſary for their fecunda- tion, the ſtyle and filaments in many of theſe flowers continue to grow longer after the bell is open, and hang down below its rim. In others, as in the Martagon, the bell is deeply divided, and the diviſions are reflected upwards, that they may not pre- vent the acceſs of air, and at the ſame time afford ſome(ſhelter from perpendicular rain or dew. Other bell flowers, as the He- merocallis and Amaryllis, have their bells nodding only, as ir were, or hanging obliquely towards the horizon; which, as their ſtems are Bender, turn like a weathercock from the wind, and thus very efiectually preſferve their incloſed amens and anthers from the rain and cold. Many of theſe flowers, both before and after their ſeaſon of fecundation, erect their heads perpen- dicular to the horizon, like the Meadia, which cannot bs ex- plained from mere mechaniſm,
"The Amaryllis Formofifima is a flower of the laſt-mentione kind, and affords an agreeable example of art in the vegetable economy. 1. The piſtil is of great length compared with. the
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22 ON ENSPON GANTOFE Six rival youths, with ſoft concern impreſs'd, Calm all her fears, and charm her cares to reſt.-- So ſhines at eve the ſun-illumin'd fane,
Lifts its bright croſs, and waves its golden vanc; From every breeze the poliſh'd axle turns,
And high in air the dancing meteor burns. 160
Four of the giant brood with ILEx ſtand,
Each graſps a thouſand arrows in his hand;
ſtamens; and this I ſuppoſe to have been the moſt unchange-
able part of the flower, as in Meadia, which ſee. 2. Io coun- tera this circumſtance, the piltil and ſtamens are made to de- cline downwards, that the prolific duſt might fall from the an-
thers on the ſtigma. 3. Jo produce this effe&, and to ſecure
it when produced, the corol is lacerated, contrary to what oc- curs in other flowers of this genus, and the loweſt diviſion with the two next loweſt ones are wrapped cloſely over the ſtyle and- nlaments, binding them forcibly down lower towards the horizon than the uſual inclination of the bell in this genus, and thus conſtitutes a moſt elegant flower. There 1s another contrivance for this purpoſe in the Hemerocallis Flava: the long piſtil often iS bent ſomewhat like the capital letter N, with deſign to horten
it, and thus to bring the ſtigma amongſt the anthers.
Tex."1: 161: Holly. Four males, feur females. Ma ny
SINAI IR eS nnn ai.- MIE NNEN SE NIRGIRN

CAXNTo I. DERE"PS ANT-S, 23 A thouſand ſteely points on every ſcale
Form the bright terrors of his briftly mail 2
plants, like many animals, are furniſhed with arms for their proteCion; theſe are either aculei, prickles, as in roſe and bar berry, which are formed from the outer bark of the plant; or ſpinz, thorns, as in bawthorn, which are an elongation of the wood, and hence more difficult to be torn off than the former; or ſtimuli, ſtings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a ve- nomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals. The ſhrubs and trees, which have prickles or thorns, are grateful food to many animals, as gooſfeberry and gorſe; and would be quickly devoured, if not thus armed; the ſtings ſeem a protedion againſt ſome kinds of inſe&ts, as well as the naked mouths of quadru- peds. Many plants loſe their thorns by cultivation, as wild ani- mals loſe their ferocity; and ſome of them their horns. A cu- rious circumtſtance attends the large hollies in Needwood foreſt; they are armed with thorny leaves about eight feet high, and have ſmooth leaves above, as if they were conſcious that horſes and cattle could not reach their upper branches. See note on Meadia, and on Mancinella. The numerous clumps of hollies in Needwood foreſt ſerve as land-marks to dire& the travellers acroſs it in various direCtions; and as a(ſhelter to the deer and cattle in winter; and in ſcarce ſeaſons ſupply them with much food. For when the upper branches, which are without DIE Kles, are cut down, the deer crop the leaves and peel off the
bark. The bird-lime made from the bark of hollies ſeems to ba
G'4

24 IFO NEBS OF: GARTOT
So arm'd, immortal Moore uncharm'd the ſpell,
And ſlew the wily dragon of the well.--
Sudden with rage their zz/ur d boſoms burn,
Retort the inſult, or the wound return; Unwrong d, as gentle as the breeze that ſweeps
The unbending harveſts or undimpled deeps, 170 "hey guard, the Kings of Necdwood s wide do-
mains, Their ſilter-wives and fair infantine trains; Lead the lone pilgrim through the trackleſs glade,
Or gu je in leafy wilds the wanderng maid.
So WRIGHT's bold pencil from Veſuvio's hight
Hurls his red lavas to the troubled night;
a very ſimilar material to the elaſtic gum, or Indian rubber, as ;t is called. There is a foſlile elaſtic bitumen found at Matlock in Derbyſhire, which much reſembles theſe ſubſtances in its elaſticity and inflammability. The thorns of the Mimoſa Cor- nigera reſemble cow's horns in appearance as well as in uſe.
Syſtem cf Vegetables, p-.02.
Eurls his red lavas. 1. 176. Alluding to the grand paintings
of the eruptions of Veſuvius, and of the deſtruction of the
Lb
9

07
<r
CanTo 1."THERE PAI ASNITIS: 2:2 From Calpe ſtarts the intolerable flaſh,
Skies burſt in flames, and blazing oceans daſh;-- Or bids in ſweet repoſe his ſhades recede,
Winds the ſtill vale, and flopes the yelvet mead; On the pale ſtream expiring Zephyrs ink, IS1
And Moonlight ſleeps upon 1ts hoary brink.
Gigantic Nymph! the fair KLEINHOVIA retons,
The grace and terror of Orixa's plains;
Spaniſh veſſels before Gibraltar; and to the beautiful landſcapes
and moonlight ſcenes, by Mr. Wright of Derby.
Kleinhovia. 1. 183. In this claſs the males in each flower are ſupported by the female. Ihe name of the claſs may be tranſlated“ Viragoes," or“ Feminine Males.""
The largeſt tree perhaps in the world is of the ſame natural order as Kleinhovia; it is the Adanſonia, or Ethiopian Sour- gourd, or African Calabaſh-tree. Mr. Adanfſon ſays the diame- ter of the trunk frequently exceeds 25 feet, and the horizon- tal branches are from 45 to 55 feet long, and fo large that each branch is equal to the largeſt trees ot Europe."The breadth of the top is from 120 to 150 feet; and oneof the roots bared only
in part by the waſhihg away of the earth from the river, near
Ly x-. ZE V-." M rr;

20 WON SL Or Ginronr O'er her warm check the bluſh of beauty ſwims, And nerves Herculean bend her ſinewy limbs; With frolic eye ſhe views the affrighted throng, And ſhakes the meadows as ſhe towers along; With playful violence diſplays her charms,
And bears.her. tremblins lovers m her arms.:1.09 So fair THALESTRIS ſhook her plumy creft,
And bound in rigid mail her jutting breaſt; Poiſed her long lance amid the walks of war, And Beauty thunder'd from Bellona's car; Greece arm'd in vain, her captive heroes wove
The chains of conqueſt with the wreaths of love.
When o'erthe cultured lawns and dreary waſtes Retiring Autumn flings her howhnsg blaſts, Bends in tumultuous waves the ſtruggling woods, And ſhowers their leafy honours on the floods, In withering heaps colled&s the fowery ſpoil, 201
And each chill inſe& ſinks bencath the ſoil;
which it grew, meaſured 110 feet long; and yet theſe ſtupen-
dous trees never exceed 70 feet in height. Voyage to Senegal.

GCANTo I. TH PA ANNFGES: 27 Quick flies fair TurLi1pa the loud alarms,
And folds her infant cloſer in her arms;
In ſome lone cave, ſecure pavilion, lies,
Änd waits the courtihip of ſerener ſkies.---
TZulipa. 1.,202.. Tulip. What is.in.common Janguage called a bulbous-root, is by Linneus termed the Hybernacle, or Winter- lodge of the young plant. As theſe bulbs in every reſped re ſemble buds, except in their being produced under ground, and include the leaves and flower in miniature, which are to be ex- panded in the enſuing ſpring. By cautiouſly cutting in winter through the concentric coats of a tulip-root, longitudinally from the top to the baſe, and taking them off ſucceſiively, the whole flower of the next ſummer's tulip is beautifully ſeen by the naked eye, with its petals, piſtil, and ſtamens; the flowers exiſt in other bulbs, in the ſame manner, as in Hyacinths, but the individual flowers of theſe being leſs, they are not ſo eaſily diſ- - fected, or ſ0 conſpicuous to the naked eye.
In the ſeeds of th2 Nymphza Nelumbo, the leaves of the plant are ſeen ſo diftin&ly, that Mr. Ferber found out by them to what plant the ſeeds belonged. Amzn. Acad. V. vi. No. 120. He ſays that Mariotte firſt obſerved the future flower and foli- age in the bulb of a Tulip; and adds, that it is pleaſant to ſee in the buds of the Hepatica and Pedicularis hirſuta, yet Iying in the earth; and in the gems of Daphne Mezereon; and at the baſe of Oſmunda Lunaria, a perfe& plant of the future Vear
complete in all.its parts. Ibid.

28 TIONEE Sir OFF CANTo 1. So, ſix cold moons, the Dormouſe charm d to rett, Indulgent Sleep! beneath thy eider breaſt,
In fields of Fancy climbs the kernel d groves,
Or ſhares the golden harveſt with his loves.-- 210 Then bright from earth amid the troubled(ky
Aſcends fair CoLCHICAa with radiant eye,
Colchicum autumnale. 1, 212. Autumnal Meadow-fſaftron. Six males, three femates. The germ is buried within the root, which thus ſeems to conſtitute a part of the flower. Families of Plants, p. 242. Theſe ſingular flowers appear in the au- tumn without any leaves, whence in ſome countries they are called Naked Ladies: in the March following the green leaves ſpring up, and in April the feed- veſſel riſes from the ground; the
ſeeds ripen in May, contrary to the ufual habits of vegetables,
[]
which flower in the ſpring, and ripen their ſeeds in the autumn, Miller's Dit. The juice of the root of this plant is ſo acrid as to produce violent effets oa the human conſtitution, which alls prevents it from being caten by ſubterranean inſeCs, and thus guards the feed-veßlel during the winter. The defoliation of of the Colchi-
cum; ol theſe the aſh 1s the laſt that puts forth its leaves, and
deciduous trees is announced by the flowering
the iſi that loſes them. Phil. Bot. p. 2715. The Hamamelis, Witch Hazel, 1s another plant which
flowers in autumn; when the leaves fall oft, the fowers come
out in cluſters from the joints of the branches, and in Virginia
<Z. I.

TCaNnTo I. PERBF PISACNZIS S. 29 Warms the cold boſom of the hoary ycar,
And lights with Beauty's blaze the duſky ſphere. Zhree bluſhing Maids the intrepid Nymph attend, And fx gay Youths, enamoür'd train! defend.
30 ſhines with ſilver guards the Georgian ſtar, And drives on Night's blue arch his glittering car; Hangs o'er the billowy clouds his lucid form, 219
Wades through the mitt, and dances in the ſtorm.
GREATHELIANTDHUS guides o'er twilightplains
In 2ay ſolemnity his Derviſe-trains;
ripen their ſeed in the enſuing ſpring; but in this country their
leeds ſeldom ripen. Lin. Spec. Plant. Miller's Dia.
Felianthus. 1, 221. Sun flower. The numerous florets which conſfltute the diſk of this flower, contain in each five males ſurrounding one female, the five ſtamens have their an- thers connedted at top, whence the name of the claſs“* confe- derate males;"* ſee note on Chondrilla, The ſun-flower fol- lows the courſe of the ſun by nutation, not by twiſting its ſtem. (Hales veg. ſtat.) Other plants, when they are confined in a room, turn the ſhining ſurface of their leaves, and bend their whole branches to the light. See Mimoſa.
2 Ny

309 WONZLIS Or CANTo TI. Marſhall'd in fves each gaudy band proceeds, Each gaudy band a plumed Lady leads;
With zealous ſtep he climbs the upland lawn, And bows in homage to the riling dawn; Imbibes with eagle eye the golden ray,
Änd watches, as it moves, the orb of day.:“ 228
QUEEN of the marſh imperial DROSERA treads
Ruſhi„-fringed banks, and moſs-embroider' d beds;
A plumed Lady leads. 1. 224. The ſeeds of many plants of this claſs are furniſhed with a plume, by which admirable me- chaniſm they are diffeminated by the winds far from their pa- rent ſiem, and look like a Mhuttlecock, as they fy. Other ſeeds are difſeminated by animals; of theſe ſome attach themſelves to their hair or feathers by a gluten, as miſletoe; others by hooks, as cleavers, burdock, hounds-tongue; and others are ſwallowed whole for ths ſake of the fruit, and voided uninjured, as the hawthorn, juniper, and ſome grafles. Other ſeeds again diſ- perſe themſelves by means of an elaſtic ſeed-veſſel, as Oats, Ge- ranium, and Impatiens; and the ſeeds of aquatic plants, and of thoſe which grow on the banks of rivers, are carried many miles by the currents, into which.they fall. See Impatiens. Zoſtera«.
C3aMa. Carlina.
Droſera. 1. 229. Sun-dew. Five males, five females, Ihe Ar

Caxro I. WEINE+ BP DAN.D/S. 31
Redundant folds of gloſly filk ſurround
Her ſlender waiſt, and trail upon the ground; Five liſter-nymphs colle& with graceful eaſe, Or ſpread the floating purple to the breeze. And five fair youths with duteous love comply With each ſoft mandate of her moving eye. As with ſweet grace her fnowy neck ſhe bows,
A zone of diamonds trembles round her brows;
leaves of this marſh-plant are purple, and have a fringe very un- like other vegetable productions. And, which is Curious, at the Point of every thread of this ered fringe ſtands a pellucid drop of mucilage, reſembling an earl's coronet. This mucus is a ſecre- tion from certain glands, and like the viſcous material round the Hower-ſtalks of Silene(catchy) prevents ſmall inſe&s from 1UY- feſting the leaves.* As the Car: wax in animals ſeems to be 1 part deſigned to prevent fleas and other inſe&s from g their ears! See Silene. Mr. Wheatly, an eminent ſurgeon in
etting into
Cateaton-ſtreet, London, obſerved theſe leaves to bend upwards when an inſe& ſettled on them, like the leaves of the Muſci- pula Veneris, and pointing all their globules of mucus to the' centre, that they completely intangled and deſtroyed it. M. Brouflonet, in the Mem.'de Acad. des Sciences for the Year 1784, p. 615, after having deſcribed the motion of the Dionza, adds, that a fimilar appearance has been obſerved in the leaves o!
two ſpecies of Droſera.

32 EONES- QF CaNnTo 1.
2
Bright fhines the ſilver halo, as fhe turns;
And, as ſhe ſteps, the living luſtre burns. 240
Fair LoN1CERA prints the dewy lawn,
And decks with brighter bluſh the vermil dawn;] 4 [23 x
Lojicera. 1. 241- Caprifolium, Honeyſuckle. Five males, öne female. Nature has in many flowers uſed a wonderful ap- paratus tO guard the neCary or honey gland from inſedts. In the honeyſuckle the petal terminates in a long tube like a cor- 2uCOpIz, or horn of plenty; and the honey is produced at tbe hottom of it. In Aconitum, monks-hood, the nedtaries ſtand upnght like two horns covered with a hood, which abounds with (ach acrid matter that no inſeQs penetrate it. In Helleborus, hellebore, the many nedaries are placed in a circle like little pit= chers, and add much to the beauty of the flower. In the co- Lumbine, Aquilegia, the 1edtary 1s imagined to be like the neck
and body of a bird, and the two petals ſtanding upon each de
»„A PS= 2.5 1 4 ES nE|. E> to repreſent wings; whence its name oi columbine, as it reſem-; bling a neſt of young pigeons guttering whilſt their parent feeds:
O p|' ihem. The importance of the neCtary in the economy of vege-;
tation is explained at large in the notes on part the firſt.
N- 5 SE Rda 98“5 mroÖvide I«+16 Ii i- TIF
Many inſes are provided with a long and pliant proboſcis tor -:he purpoſe of acquiring this grateinl food, as a variety ot bees, moths. and butterfies: but the Sphinx Convolvuli, or unicorn moth, is furniſhed with the moſt remarkable proboſcis in this
T+„arries It rolled un in CONC:?: It carries it rolled up in concentrie circles under its
ZUETZIS Ee CHUNALE:

CANTo I. WEER: SPEE AHNZES. 3
(VE
Winds round the ſhadowyrocks, and pancied vales, And ſcents with ſweeter breath the lummer-gales, With artleſs grace and native eaſe ſhe Charms, And bears the horn of plenty in her arms.
Five rival Swains their tender cares unfold,
And watch with eye aſlkance the treaſured gold,
chin, and occaſionally extends it to above three inches in length. This trunk Conſiſts of Joints and muſcles, and ſeems to have more verſatile movements than the trunk of the elephant; and near its termination is ſplit into two capillary tubes. The ex- cellenceof this contrivance for robbingthe flowers of their honey, keeps this beautiful inſe& fat and bulky; though it flies only in
the evening, when the flowers have cloſed their petals, and are
hence more dithcult of acceſs; and at the ſame time the bril-
liant colours of the moth contribute to its ſatety, by making it miſtaken by the late ſleeping birds for the flower it reſts on.
Beſides theſe there is a curious contrivance attending the Ophrys, commonly called the Bee-orchis, and the Fly-orchis, with ſome kinds of the Delphinium, called Bee-larkſpurs, to preſerve their honey; in theſe the nedary and petals reſemble in form and colour the inſe&s which plunder them; and thus it may be ſuppoſed, they often efcape theſe hourly robbers, by hav- ing the appearance of being pre-occupied. See note on Rubia, and Conferva Polymorpha, and on Epidendrum,
FART 11. D

34 ONS: OE CanTo L Where rears huge Tenerif his azure creſt, Aſpiring DRABA builds her cagle neſt; 250 Her pendant eyry icy caves ſurround, Where erſt Volcanoes mined the rocky ground. Pleaſed round the Fair four rival Lords aſcend The ſhaggy fteeps, wo menial youtns attend. High in the ſetting ray the beauty ſtands,
And her tall ſhadow waves on diſtant lands.
Draba. 1. 250. Alpina. Alpine Whitlow-graſs. One fe- male and fix males. Four of theſe males ſtand above the other two; whence the name of the claſs““ four powers.?? I have obſerved in ſeveral plants of this claſs, that the two lower males ariſe, in a few days after the opening of the flower, to the ſame height as the other four, not being mature as ſoon as the higher ones. voce note on Glorioſa. All the plants of this claſs poſſeſs ſimilar virtues; they are termed acrid and antiſcorbutic in their raw Rate, as muſtard, watercreſßs; when cultivated and boiled, they become a mild wholeſome food, as cabbage, turnep.
"There was formerly a Volcano on the Peak of Tenerif, which became extin&t about the ycar 1684. Philoſ, Tranſ. In many excavations of the mountain, much below the ſummit, there is now found abundance of ice at all ſeaſons. Tench's Expedition to Botany Bay, p. 12. Are theſe congelations in conſequence of the daily ſolution of the hoar-froſft, which is produced on the ſummit during the night?

CAaANTo 1. THE: PANTS. 35
Oh, ſtay, bright habitant of air, alight,
Celeſtial V1sCcA, from thy angel-flight!---
ammemmn
Scorning the ſordid ſoil, aloft ihe ſprings,
Shakes her white plame, and claps her golden wings; 260
High o'er the fields of boundleſs ether rOoVes,
And ſeeks amid the clouds her loaring loves!
ötretch'd on her moſly couch, in trackleſ deeps,
Queen of the coral groves, ZoSTERA ſleeps;
Viſeum. 1. 258. Miſleto. Two houſes. This plant never grows upon the ground; the foliage is yellow, and the berries milk- white; the berries are ſo viſcous, as to ſerve for bird-lime; and when they fall, adhere to the branches of the tree, on which the plant grows, and ſtrike root into its bark, or are carried to diſ- tant trees by birds. The Tillandſia, or wild pine, grows on other trees, like the Miſletoe, but takes little or no nouriſhment from them, having large buckets in its leaves to colle& and retain the rain water. See note on Dypſfacus. The moſſes, which grow on the bark of trees, take much nouriſhment from them; hence it is obſerved that trees, which are annually cleared from moſs by a bruſh, grow nearly twice as faſt,(Phil. Tranfat.) In the cyder countries the peaſants bruſh their apple-trees annually. vee Epidendrum.
Zoſtera, 1. 264, Graß-wrack. Claſs, Feminine Males, Or»
D. 2

26 LONES*- CANTo H The filvery ſca-weed matted round her bed, And diſtant ſfſurges murmuring oer her head.-- High in the flood her azure dome aſcends,
Tiie cryſtal arch on cryſtal columns bends;
der, many Males. It grows at the bottom ofthe ſea, and riſing to the ſurface when in flower, covers many leagues; and 13 driven at length to the ſhore. During its time of foating on the ſea, nuimberleſß animals live on the under fürface of it; and being ſpecifically lighter than the ſea-water, or being repelled by it, have legs placed as it were on their backs for the purpoſe of walking under it. As the Scylloea. See Barbut's Genera Ver- mium. It ſeems neceſlary that the marriages of plants Mould be celebrated in the open air, either becauſe the powder of the anther, or the mucilage on the ſtigma, or the reſervoir of honey might receive injury from the water. Mr. Needham obſerved, that in the ripe duſt of every ßower, examined by the MICrO- ſcope, ſome veſicles are perceived, from which a fiuid had eſcap- ed; and that thoſe, which ſtill retain it, explode if they be wet- ted, like an eolipile ſuddenly expoſed to a ſtrong heat. Theſe obſervations have been verified by Spallanzani and others. Hence Tainy(caſons make a ſcarcity of grain, or hinder its fecundity, by burſting the pollen before it arrives at the moiſt ſtigma of the flower. Spallanzani's Diſſertations, v. I1. p. 321. Thus the flowers of the male Valliſneria are produced under water, and when ripe detach themſelves from the plant, and riſing to the ſurface are wafted by the air to the female flowers, See Val-
liſneria.
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CANTo 1. MUSEE SSCELIEFASINKL: S: 37 Roof'd with tranſlucent ſhell the turrets blaze, And far in ocean dart their colour'd rays; 270 O er the white floor ſucceflive hadows move, As riſe and break the rufled waves above.-- Around the nymph her mermaid-trains repair, And weave with orient pearl her radiant hair; With rapid fins ſhe cleaves the watery way, Shoots like a filver meteor up to day; Sounds a loud conch, convokes a ſcaly band,
Her ſca-born lovers, and aſcends the ſtrand.
E'en round the pole the flames of Love aſpire, And icy boſoms feel the /2cret IEE<-2u 280 Cradled in ſnow and fann'd by arcficfair
GEBER< 7» ve EE IEDRG PS 34 208 Shines, gentle BARoMETZ! thy golden hair; Barometz. 1. 282. Polypodium Barometz. Tartarian Lamb. Clandeſtine Marriage. This ſpecies of Fern is a native of China, with a decumbent root, thick, and every where covered with the
moſt ſoft and denſe wool, intenſely yellow. Lin. Spec. Plant.
This curious ſtem is ſometimes puſhed out of the ground in its horizontal ſituation by ſome of the inferior branches of the root, ſo as to give it ſome reſemblance to a Lamb ſtanding on four legs; and has been ſaid to deſt roy all other plants in its vi-
D 3

38 1. ONZE SE Or EANTORL Rooted in carth each cloven hoof deſcends,
And round and round ber flexile neck ſhe bends;
cinity. Sir Hans Sloane deſcribes it under the nameof Tartarian
€
TL amb, and has given a print of it. Philoſ. Tranſ. abridged, v. 11, Pp. 646. but thinks ſome art had been uſed to give it an animal appearance. Dr. Hunter, in his edition of the Terra of Evelyn, has given a more curious print of it, much reſembling a ſheep. "The down 1s uſed in India externally for ſtopping hemorrhages, and 18 called golden moſs.
The thick downy clothing of ſome vegetables ſeems deſigned to prote& them from the injuries of cold, like the wool of anl-
r
mals. Thoſe bodies, which are bad condudtors of eleCricity, are alſo bad condud&ors of heat, as glaſs, wax, air. Hence either of the two former of theſe may be melted by the flame of a blow- pipe very near the fingers which hold it without burning them; and the laſt, by being confined on the ſurface of animal bodies, in the interiſtices of their für or wool, prevents the eſcape of their natural warmth; to which ſhould be added, that eh ans them- ſelves are imperfe& condu&ors. The fat or oil of whales, and other northern animals, ſeems deſigned for the ſame purpoſe of preventing the too ſudden eicape of the heat of the body in cold climates. Snow proteCts vegetables which are covered by it from cold, both becauſe it 1s a bad conductor of heat itſelf, and con- tains much air in its pores. If a piece of camphor be immerſed in a ſnow-ball, except one extremity of it, on ſetting fire to this, 238 the ſnow melts, the water becomes abſorbed into the ſar- rounding inow by capillary AUTACHOM> ON UNSTACCOUAG when
3 Uu
living animals are buried in ſnow, they are not moiltened by it;
| 3
amn, önnen u. DIGEN
=>- znrtd cen.

CanTob k SEO PAEEACN 8 S- 39 Crops the gray coral moſs, and hoary thyme,
Or laps, with roſy tongue the melting rime.
Eyes with mute tenderneſs her diſtant dam,
Or ſeems to bleat, a Yegetable Lamb.
--So, warm and buoyant in his oily mail, Gambols on ſeas of ice the unwieldy Whale; 290 Wide waving fins round floating iſlands urge His bulk gigantic through the troubled ſurge; With hideous yawn the flying ſhoals he ſecks, Or claſps with fringe of horn his maſiy checks; Lifts o'er the toſfling wave his noſtrils bare,
And ſpouts pellucid columns into air;
The filvery.arches catch the ſetting beams,
And tranſient rainbows tremble o er the ſtreams.
Weak with nice ſenſe the chaſte M1MosAa ſtands, From each rude touch withdraws her timid
hands; 300
but the cavity enlarges as the ſnow diflolves, affording them both a dry and warm habitation.
Mimoſa. 1. 299. The ſenſitive plant, Ofthe claſs Polygamy, D 4

I R IN DATEI I SI IEE EINER 22 IEÄ UNE BEIDE ÄGR A AR ÄT GSG
40 FOVES"OF Caro I.
Oft as light clouds o'erpaſs the ſummer-glade,
1 1 «-
Alarm d ſhe trembles at the moving ſhade;
one houſe. Naturaliſts have not explained the immediate cauſe
1
Yf the collapfing of the ſenſitive plant; the leaves meet and cloſe
7
in the night during the ſleep of the plant, or when expoſed to much cold in the day-time, in the ſame manner as when they are affe&ed by external violence, folding their upper ſurfaces to- gether, and in part over cach other like ſcales or tiles, ſo as to expoſe as little ofthe upper ſurface as may be to the air; but do not indeed collapſe quite ſo far, ſince 1 have found, when touch- ed in the night during their ſleep, they fall ſtill farther; eſpe- cially when tauched on the foot-ſalks between tbe ſtems and the leaflets, which ſeems to be their moſt ſenſitive or irritable part. Now, as their ſituation after being expoſed to external vielence reſembles their ſleep, but with a greater degree of collapſe, may it not be owing to a numbneſs or paralyſis conſequent to too violent irritation, like the faintings of animals from pain or fa- tigue 1 kept a ſenſitive plant in a dark room tül ſome hours after day-break; its leaves and leaf-ſtalks were collapſfed as in its moſt profound ſleep, and on expoſing it to the light, above
twenty minutes paſſed before the plant was thoroughly awake
(cs
and had quite expanded itſelf. During the night the upper or
ſmoother ſurfaces of the leaves are appreſßſfed together; this
VIECH
would ſeem to ſhew that the oflice of this ſurface of the leaf was to expoſe the Auids of the plant to the light as well as to the air, See note on Helianthus. Many flowers cloſe up their petals dur-
ht. See note on vegetable reſpiration in Part 1,
&

WET ES
VG ANTO L- ZE NISEE NS EP AENZTFS: AT And feels, alive through all her tender form, The whiſper d murmurs of the gathering ſtorm; Shuts her ſweet eye-lids to approaching mght, And hails with frefhen'd charms the riſing light. Veil'd, with gay decency and modett pride,
Slow to the moſque ſhe moves, an eaſtern bride; There her ſoft vows unceaſling love record,
Queen of the bright ſeraglio of her lord.--
4< OD
Www rd OÖ
So finks or riſes with the changeful hour The liquid ſilver in its glaſly tower. So turns the needle to the pole 1 JOMECS>
With fine librations quIVErINg, as 1€ MOVES
All wan and ſhivering in the Icafleſs glade
<-
Anemone. 1, 316. Many males, many females. Pliny ſays this flower never opens its petals but when the wind blows; whence its name: it has properly no calyx, but two or three ſets of petals, three in each ſet, which are folded over the ſfamens and piſtil in a fingular„and beautiful manner, and differs alſo from ranunculus in not having a melliferous pore on the claw of each
petal. EY

4.2 JZONVESE OB CaNTo 1. Grief on her checks had paled the roſeate hue,
And her ſweet eye-lids dropp'd with pe arly dew. ---<< Ses, Nom brig aar regions, born on odorous
gale S
<< The Swallow, herald of the ſummer, ſails; 320
The Swallow. 1. 320. There is a wonderful conformity be- tween the vegetation of ſome plants, and the arrival of cer- tain birds of paſſage. Linneus obſerves that the wood anemone Blowsn in Sweden on the arrival of the ſwallow; and the marſh mary-gold, Caltha, when the cuckoo ſings. Near the ſame co- Incidence was obſerved in England by Stillingfleet. The word Coccux in Greek ſignifies both a young fig and a cuckoo, which is ſuppoſed to have ariſen from the coincidence of their appear- ance in Greece. Perhaps a ſimilar coincidence of appearance in ſome part of Aſia gave occaſion to the fory of the love ofthe roſe and nightingale, ſo much celebrated by the eaſtern poets. See Dianthus. Ihe times however of the appearance of vegetables in the ſpring ſeem occaſionally to be influenced by their acquir- ed habits, as well as by their ſenſibility to heat: for the roots of potatoes, onions,&c. will germinate with much leſs heat in the ſpring than in the autumn; as is eaſily obſervable where theſe
roots ars ſtored for uſe; and hence malt is beſt made in the
ſpring. 5d. The grains and roots brought from more ſouthern latitudes germinate here ſooner than thoſe which are brought from more northern ones, owing to their acquired habits. For-
4
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Caxro.T FEHSE PIE ACNKES: 43 « Breathe, gentle A1R! from cherub-hps impart
<« Thy balmy influence to my anguiſh'd heart;
dyce on Apgriculture. zd. It was obſerved by one of the ſcho- lars of Linneus, that the apple trees ſent from hence to New England bloßfomed for a few years too early for that climate, and bore no fruit; but afterwards learnt to accommodate themſelves totheir new ſituation.(Kalm's Travels.) 4th. The parts of ani- mals become more ſenſible to heat after having been previouſly expoſed to cold, as our hands glow on coming into the houſe after having beld ſnow in them; this ſeems to happen to vege-
tables; for vines in grape-houſes, which have been expoſed to the winter's cold, will become forwarder and more vigorous than thoſe which have been kept during the winter in the houſe. (Kennedy on Gardeniag.) This accounts for the very rapid vegetation in the northern Jlatitudes after the ſolution of the ſnows.
The increaſe of the irritability of plants in reſped to heat, af- ter having been previouſly expoſed to cold, is farther illuſtrated Dy ANFEXPpEeNIMmENt OF 1Dr: Walkers. He cut apertures info a birch-tree at different heights; and on the 26th of March ſome of theſe apertures bled, or oozed with the ſap-juice, when the thermometer was at 39; which ſame apertures did not bleed on the 13th of March, when the thermometer was at 44. The reaſon of this I apprehend was, becauſe on the night of the 25th the thermometer was as low as 34; whereas on the night of the 12th it was at 41; onen the ingenious author aſcribes it to another cauſe, Tranfſ. of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh,
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44 ONS EES OM F CaTo. IL Thou, whore ſoft voice calls forth the tender << blooms, <“ Whoſe pencil paints them, and whoſe breath << Derfumes: < Oh chaſe the Fiend of Froft, with leaden mace
“< Who ſeals in death-like ſleep my hapleſs race;
4
-
<< Melt his hard heart, releafe his iron hand,
<< And giwe my 1wory petals to expand.
“ 59 may cach bud. that"decks tber brow. of “<ſprinz, 329
-“« Shed all its incenſe on thy wafting wing!'--
To her fond prayer propitious Zephyr yields,
Oweeps on his ſliding ſhell through azure ficlds,
Oer her fair manſion waves his whiſpering wand,
And gives her 1wory petals to expand!
Gives with new life her filial train to riſe,
And hail with kindling Imiles the genial ſkies.
So Hhines the Nymph in beauty s bluſhing pride,
When Zephyr wafts her deep calaſh aſide,
Tears with rude kiſs her boſom's gauzy veil,
And flings the Auttering kerchicf to the gale. 340
a?
+-z<<D

GTANTo 1. TEE TEANDT S:
„Ks Wd
So bright, the folding canopy undrawn,
Glides the gilt Landau o'er the velvet lawn,
FT Zed
Of beaux and belles diſplays the glittering throng,
dd
And ſoft airs fan them, as they roll along.
EIC BEEG Cn,
Where frowning Snowden bends his dizzybrow O'er Conway, liſtening to the ſürge below; Retiring LICHEN climbs the topmoſt ſtone, And drinks the aerial ſolitude alone.-- 348 Bright ſhine the ſtars unnumber'd o'er Aer head, And the cold moon-beam gilds her flinty bed; While round the rifted rocks hoarſe whirlwinds
breathe,
And dark with thunder ſail the clouds bezeat/
H.oz==
Lichen. 1. 347. Calcareum. Liver-wort. Clandeſtine Mar- riage« This plant is the firſt that vegetates on naked rocks, covering them with a kind of tapeſtry, and draws its nouriſh-
ment perhaps chiefly from the air; after it periſhes, earth enough
SSS =-
15 left for other moſſes to root themſelves; and after ſome ages a ſoil is produced ſuficient for the growth of more ſucculent and
large vegetables. In this manner perhaps the whole earth has
been gradually covered with vegetation, after it was raiſed out of
“he primeval ocean by ſubterraneous fires,
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46 LOVES OF CaNTo I.
The ſteepy path her plighted ſwain purſues,
And tracks her light ſtep o'er the imprinted dews;
Delighted Hymen gives his torch to blaze,
Winds round the craggs, and lights the mazy ways;
Sheds o er their ſecret vows his influence chafſte,
And decks with roſes the admiring walte.
High in the front of heaven when Sirius glarecs, And oer Britannia ſhakes his feryihaits: 360 When'no ſoft ſhower deſcends, no dew diſtills, Her wave-worn channels dry, and mute her rills; When droops the lickening herb,the bloſſom fades, And parch'd earth gapes bencath the withering
glades; ---- With languid ltep fair Dypsaca retreats,
“Fall, gentle dews!" the fainting nymph repcats,
Dypſacus. 1. 365. Teaſel. One female, and four males. There is a cup around every joint of the ſtem of this plant,
which contains from a ſpoonful. to half a pint of water; and
ſerves both for the nutriment of the plant in dry ſcaſons, and to
(ay Sed Iv0 " The Plex
An
R 4

CANTo H. PE SPANNT S. 47
Seeks the low dell, and in the ſultry ſhade
Invokes in vain the Naiads to her aid.
Four 1ylvan youths in cryſtal goblets bear
The untaſted treaſure to the grateful fair; 3570
Pleaſed from their hands with modeſt grace ſhe ps,
And the cool wave refleds her coral lips.
prevent inſels from creeping up to devour its ſeed. See Si- Jene. The Tillandfa, or Wild pine, of the Weſt Indies has every leaf terminated near the ſtalk with a hollow bucket, which contains from half a pint to a quart of water. Dampier's Voy- age to Campeachy. Dr. Sloane mentions one kind of aloe far- niſhed with leaves, which, like the wild pine and Banana, hold water; and thence afford neceſlary refreſhment to travellers in hot countries. Nepenthes has a bucket for the ſame purpoſe at the end of every leaf. Burm. Zeyl. 42. 17.
Silphium perfoliatum has a cup round every Joint to reſerve water after rain. It riſes during the ſummer twelve or fourteen feet high on a ſlender ſtem, which is ſquare, and thus is ſtronger to reſiſt the winds than if it had been made round with the ſame quantity of materials.
"The moſt curious plant of this kind is the Sarracenia pur- purea, which reſembles the Nymphcea, an aquatic plant, but
catches ſo much water in its ſeſſile cup-like leaves, as to enable

7 |
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With nice ſeledtion modeſt RuBia blends
Her vermil dyes, and oer the cauldron bends;
3t to live on land, a wonderful proviſion of nature! Syſtem.
Plant. a Reichard. Vol Il. p. 577.
Rubia. 1. 373- Madder. Four males and one female. This plant is cultivated in very large quantities for dying red. It mixed with the food of young pigs or chickens, it colours their bones red. Ifthey are fed alternate fortnights, with a mixture of madder, and with their uſual food alone, their bones will con- fiſtof concentric circles of white and red. Belchier. Phil. Tranf, 1736. Animals ted with madder for the purpoſe of theſe expe- riments were found upon diſſection to have thinner gall. Com- ment. de rebus. Lipigz. This circumſftance is worth farther attention. The colouring materials of vegetables, like thoſe which ſerve the purpoſe of tanning, varniſhing, and the various medical purpoſes, do not ſeem eſlential to the life of the plant; but ſeem given it as a defence againſt the depredations of inſe&ts or other animals, to whom theſe materials are nauſeous or dele- terious. JThe colours of inſeCs and many ſmaller animals con« tribute to conceal them from the larger ones which prey upon them. Caterpillars which feed on leaves are generally green; and earth-worms the colour of the earth which they inhabit; butterflies which frequent flowers are coloured like them; ſmall birds which frequent hedges have greeniſh backs like the leaves,
and light coloured bellies like the ſky, and are hence leſs viſible

SEEDS DE a" EÄEE REN ET SST= ESCHEN SEINEN
CANTO TL"PEBES„PER ANSE S. 49 Warm mid the riſing ſteam the Beauty glows, As bluſhes in a miſt the dewy roſe.
With chemic art four favour d youths aloof
Stain. the white fleece, or ſtretch the tinted woof; O'er Age's check the warmth of youth diffuſe, Or deck the pale-ey'd nymph in roſeate hues.
So when MEDEA to exulting Greece 381 From plunder'd CoLcu11s bore the golden fleece; On the loud ſhore a magic pile ſhe rais d,
The cauldron bubbled, and the faggots blaz'd;
to the hawk, who paſſes under them or over them. Thoſe birds which are much amongſt flowers, as the goldfinch,(Fringilla Carduelis) are furniſhed with vivid colours. The lark, par- tridge, hare, are the colour of dry vegetables, or earth on which they reſt. And frogs vary their colour with the mud of the ſtreams which they frequent; and thoſe which live on trees are oreen. Fiſh, which are generally ſuſpended in water, and ſwal- lJows, which are generally ſuſpended in air, have their backs the colour of the diſtant ground, and their bellies of the ſky. In the colder climates many of theſe become white during the ex- iſtence of the ſnows, Hence there is apparent deßfign in the co- lours of animals, whilſt thoſe of vegetables ſeem confequent to the other properties of the materials which poſſeſs them.
PART II. E
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59 TONES: ODE EANTO TL. Pleaſed on the boiling wave old IsoNn ſwims, And feels new vigour ſtretch his ſwelling mbs; Through his thrill'd nerves forgotten ardors dart, And warmer eddies circle round his heart;
With ſofter fires his kindling eye-balls glow,
And darker trefles wanton round his brow. 390
Pleafed on the boing wave. 1. 385. Ihe ftory of ſon be- coming young, from the medicated bath of Medea, ſeems to have been intended to teach the eflicacy of warm bathing in re- tarding the progreſs of old age. The words re/axation and brac- ng, which are generally thought expreffive of the effets of warm and cold bathing, are mechanical terms, properly applied to drums or ftrings; but are only metaphors when applied to the effets of cold or warm bathing on animal bodies. The im- mediate cauſe of old age ſcems to reſide in the inirritability of the finer veſſels or parts of our ſyſtem; hence theſe ceaſe to ad, and collapfe, or become horny or bony. The warm bath is pecu- liarly adapted to prevent theſe circumſtances by its increaſing our irritability, and by moiſtening and ſoftening the ſkin, and the extremities of the finer veſlels, which terminate in it. To thofe who are paſt the meridian of life, and have dry ſkins, and begin to be emaciated, the warm bath, for half an hour twice a week, I believe to be eminently ſerviceable in retarding the ad- vances df age.
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»--
Caxro I. EHE PLANTS. 51 Where Jaya s iſle, horizon'd with the floods,
Lifts to the ſkies her canopy of woods;
Pleaſed EPIDENDRA climbs the Waving pines,
And high in heaven the intrepid beauty ſhines,
Gives to the tropic breeze her radiant hair,
Drinks the bright hower, and feeds upon the air.
Her brood delighted ſtretch their callow wings,
As poiſed aloft their pendent cradle ſwings,
Eye the warm ſun, the ſpicy zephyr breathe,
And gaze unenvious on the world beneath. 400
As daſh the waves on India's breezy ſtrand,
Her fluſh'd cheek preſs d upon her lily hand,
Epidendrum flos aeris..]. 393. Of the claſs of gynandria, or feminine males. This paraſite plant is found in Java, and is ſaid to live on air without taking root in the trees on which it grows; and its flowers reſemble ſpiders. Sylt. Veg. a Reichard. Vol. IV. p. 35. By this curious ſimilitude the bees and butter- flies are ſuppoſed to be deterred from plundering the nedaries,
Sec Viſca. E
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62 ONES 0F CANTo 1.
VALLISNER ſits, up-turns her tearful eyes,
Calls her loſt lover, and upbraids the ſkies;
For him ſhe breathes the ſilent figh, forlorn,
Each ſetting day; for him each riſing morn.--
“« Bright orbs, that light yon high ethereal plain,
“ Or bathe your radiant trefles in the main;
<< Pale„nban, that Silver& oer mäht'st- able << brow;=--
<< For ye were witnels to his parting vow!- 410
<< Ye ſhelving rocks, dark waves, and founding << ſhore,--
<< Ye echoed 1weet' the tender words he ſwore!=--
Valliſneria. 1. 403. This extraordinary plant is of the claſs Two Houſes. It is found in the Eaſt Indies, in Norway, and various parts of Italy. Lin. Spec. Plant. They have their roots at the bottom of the Rhone; the flowers of the female plant float on the ſurface of the water, and are furniſhed with an elaſ- tic ſpiral talk, which extends or contracts as the water riſes and falls; this riſe or fall, from the rapid deſcent of the river, and the mountain torrents which flow into it, often amounts to many
feet in a few hours. The flowers of the male plant are produc-
ed under water, and as ſoon as their farina, or duſt, 15 mature,
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CANTo I. SEE PIE AEN TS: 6 “« Can ſtars or ſeas the ſails of love retain?
“< O guide my wanderer to my arms again!"
Her buoyant ſkiff intrepid ULva guides, And ſeeks her Lord amid the trackleſs tides:
»
they detach themſelves from the plant, and riſe to the ſurface, continue to flouriſh, and are wafted by the air, or borne by the currents to the female flowers. In this reſembling thoſe tribes of inſects, where the males at certain ſeaſons acquire wings, but not the females, as ants, Coccus, Lampyris, Phal&na, Brumata, Lichanella. Theſe male flowers are in ſuch numbers, though very minute, as frequently to cover the ſurface of the river to conſiderable extent. See Families of Plants, tranſlated from
Linneus, p. 677.
Ulva. 1. 415. Clandeſtine marriage. This kind of ſea-weed is buoyed up by bladders of air, which are formed in the dupli- catures of its leaves, and forms immenſe floating fields of vege- tation; the young ones, branching out from the larger ones, and borne on ſmilar little air-veſſels. It is alſo found in the warm baths of Patavia, where the leaves are formed into Curious cells or labyrinths for the purpoſe of floating on 1he water.
vee Ulva labyrinthi-formis Lin. Spec. Plant. The air con-
||
tained in theſe cells was found by Dr. Prieſtley to be ſometimes purer than common air, and ſometimes leſs pure; the air blad-
ders of fiſh ſcem to be ſimilar organs, and ſerve to render them
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54 IONS Or CANTo 1:
Her /ecret vows the Cyprian Queen approves,
And hovering Halcyons guard her infant-loves;
buoyant in the water. In ſome of theſe, as in the Cod and Had- dock, a red membrane, conſiſting of a great number of leaves or duplicatures, is found within the air-bag, which probably ſe- cretes this air from the blood of the animal.(Monro. Phyſiol. of Filh, p- 28.) 10 determine whether this air, when firſt ſeparated from the blood of the animal or plant, be dephlogiſti- cated air, is worthy inquiry. The bladder-ſena(Colutea) and bladder-nut(Staphylza) have their ſeed-veſſels diſtended with air; the Ketmia has the upper joint of the ſtem immediately under the receptacle of the flower much diſtended with air; theſe ſeem to be analogous to the air-veſſel at the broad end of the egg, and may probably become leſs pure as the ſeed ripens; ſome, which I tried, had the purity of the ſurrounding: atmo-
ſphere. Ihe air at the broad end of the e
93 18 probably an organ
ſerving the purpoſe of reſpiration to the young chick, ſome of
whoſe veſſels are ſpread upon it like a placenta, or permeate it. Many are of opinion that even the placenta of the human fetus,
and cotyledons of quadrupeds, are reſpiratory organs rather than
."
nutritious ONES,
"The air in the hollow ſtems of grafles, and of ſome umbelli- ferous plants, bars analogy to the air in the quills, and in ſome of the bones of birds; ſupplying the place of the pith, which ſhrivels up aiter it has performed its ofice of protruding the young ſiem or feather. Some of theſe cavities of the bones are
ſaid to communicate with the lungs in birds. Phil, Tranſ.
+44

AER
p Caro 1. TEE PEAN.ST-S. 55
Each in his floating cradle round they throng,
ae<< eme -.- S- Ben ener Ie
Veto mihi iE
And dimpling Ocean bears the fleet along.-- 420 p Thus oer the waves, which gently bend and r 1wel],
Fair GALATEA Mteers her ſilver ſhell:
40 RESEARCH NE
Her playful Dolphins ſtretch the filken rein,
Hear her ſweet voice, and glide along the main.
A3 round the wild meandring coaſt ſhe moves
By guſhing rills, rude cliffs, and nodding groves;
| 1] 4 4 „Beal |S | 1987 (7
f " The air-bladders of fiſh are nicely adapted to their intended' 4 purpoſe; for though they render them buoyant near the ſurfaces f 5 without the labour of uſing their fins, yet, when they reſt at € greater depths, they are no inconvenience, as the increaſed preſ- " ure of the water condenſes the air which they contain into leſs | ſpace. Thus, if a cork or bladder of air was imwerſed a very ) iG great depth in the ocean, it would be fo much compreſled, as to become ſpecifically as heavy as the water, and would remain there. It is probable the unfortunate Mr. Day, who was drown- 1 ed in a diving-ſhip of his own conſtruction, miſcarried from not N attending to this circumſtance: it is probable the quantity of air ihe he took down with him, if he deſcended much lower than he 4 expedted, was condenſed into ſo ſmall a ſpace as notto render the
ſhip buoyant when he endeavoured to aſcend.
E 4

56 BONES OF CanTo 1. Each by her pine the Wood-nymphs wave their locks,
And wondering Naiads peep amid the rocks! Pleaſed trains of Mermaids riſe from coral cells; Admiring Tritons ſound their twiſted ſhells; 439 Charm'd oer the car purſuing Cupids ſweep, Their ſnow-white pinions twinkling in the deep; And, as the luſtre af her eye ſhe turns,
Soft ſighs the Gale, and amorous Occan burns.
On DovEe's green brink the fair TREMELLA
ltood,
And view'd her playful image in the flood;
Tremella. 1. 435. Clandeſtine marriage. 1 have frequently ab- ſerved funguſſes of this Genuson old rails and on the ground to be- come a tranſparent jelly, after they had been frozen in autumnal mornings; which is a curious property, and diſtinguiſhes them from ſome other vegetable mucilage; for[ have obſerved that the palte, made by boiling wheat-four in water, ceaſes to be ad- heſive after having been frozen. I ſuſpected that the Tremella Noſtoc, or Ntar-gelly, alſo had been thus produced; but have ſince
been well informed, that the Tremella Noſtoc 15 a mucilage

=
(
CanTo L THER PIE AINZSES. 57 To cach rude rock, lone dell, and echomg grove
Sung the ſweet ſorrows of her /ecret love. 438
voided by Herons after they have eaten frogs; hence it has the appearance of having been preffed through a hole; and limbs of frogs are ſaid ſometimes to be found amongſt it; it is always ſeen upon plains, or by the ſides of water, places which Herons ge- nerally frequent.
Some of the funguſſes are ſo acrid, that a drop of their juice bliſters the tongue; others intoxicate thoſe who eat them. The Oſtiacks in Siberia uſe them for the latter purpoſe; one fungus of the ſpecies Agaricus Muſcarum, eaten raw, or the decoction of three of them, produces intoxication for 12 or 16 hours. Hiſ- tory of Ruſlia, V. 1. Nichols. 1780. As all acrid plants become leſs ſo, if expoſed to a boiling heat, it is probable the common muſhroom may ſometimes diſagree from not being ſuficiently ſtewed. The Oftiacks bliſter their ſkin by a fungus found on Birch-trees; and uſe the Agaricus officin. for Soap. Ib.
There was a diſpute whether the funguſles dhould be claſie in the animal or vegetable department. Their animal taſte in cookery, and their animal ſmell when burnt, together with their tendency to putrefaction, infſomuch that the Phallus impudicus has gained the name of ſtink-horn; and laſtly, their growing and continuing healthy without light, as the Licoperdon tuüber or truffle, and the fungus vinoſus or mucor in dark cellars, and the eſculent muſhrooms on beds covered thick with ſtraw, would ſeem to ſhew that they approach towards the animals, or make a kind of iſthmus conneding the two mighty Kingdoms ot
animal and of vegetable nature,
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58 TONIS OE CANTo 1. “ Oh, ftay!--return!"---along the ſounding ſhore Cry'd the fad Naiads,--ſhe return'd no more!-- Now girt with clouds the ſullen Evening frown d, And withering Eurus ſwept along the ground; The miſty moon withdrew her horned light, And funk with Heſper in the ſkirt of night; No dim ele&ric ſtreams,(the northern dawn) Wath meek effulgence quiver'd o'er the lawn; No ſtar benignant ſhot one tranſient ray To guide or light the wanderer on her way. Round the dark crags the murmuring whirlwinds blow, 449 Woods groan above, and waters roar below; As o er the ſteeps with pauſing foot ſhe moves,
RIS IAEA LES The pitying
SD
Dryads Mhriek amid their groves.
She flies--ſhe ſtops--ſhe pants--ſhe looks behind,
And hears a demon howl in every wind.
--As the bleak blaſt unfurls her fluttering veſt,
Cold beats the ſnow upon her ſhuddering breaſt;
Through her numb'd limbs the chill ſenſations dart,
And the keen 1ce-bolt trembles at her heart.

(7/9
CARTON T BE-ELANSS.
Can WO
<< 1 fR ERAT 0„Help me,«hein? udhe ces Her ſfüffening tongue the unfimſh'd found denies; "Tear älter teär'ädowi'her check fcceeds, 5461 And pearls of ice beſtrew the glittering meads; Congealing ſnows her lingering feet ſurround, Arreft Her Moht, and root Her t6 ts Sr0und; With ſuppliant arms ſhe pours the ſilent prayer; EIer api arms hang cryſtal in the air; Pellucid films her hiverimg neck o erſpread,
Seal her mute lips, and ſilver o'er her bead; Veil her pale boſom, glaze her lifted hands, 469 And ſhrined in ice the beauteous ſtatue ſtands. --DovE's azure nymphs on each revolving ycar For fair TREMELLA ſhed the tender tear;
With ruſh-wove crowns in ſad proceſflion move,
>
And ſound the ſorrowins ſhell to hapleſs JOVeEN Here pauſed the MvSE,--acroſs the darken d
Sail the dim clouds, the echoing thunders roll;
The trembling Wood-nymphs, as the tempeſt
-
Jowers,
Lead the gay goddeſ to their inmoſt bowers; 478
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60 LOVES: 8&c: CANTo I.
Hang the mute Iyre the laurel ſhade beneath, And round her temples bind the myrtle wreath. --Now the light ſwallow with her airy brood Skims the green meadow, and the dimpled flood; Loud ſhrieks the lone thruſh from his leafleſs thorn, Th' alarmed beetle ſounds his bugle horn;
Each pendant ſpider winds with fingers fine
His ravel'd clue, and climbs along the line;
Gay Gnomes in glittering circles ſtand aloof Beneath a ſpreading muſhroom's fretted roof; Swift bees returning ſeck their waxen cells, 489 And Sylphs cling quivering in the lily's bells.
Through the ſtill air deſcend the genial Mhowers,
And pearly rain-drops deck the laughing flowers,
vl

>
[DV Pan
Wed
ENTERLEUDE:
Bookfeller. YOUR verſes, Mr.Botaniſt, conſiſt of pure deſcription, 1 hope there 18 ſenſe in the
JIOtEeES,
Poet. 1 am only a flower-painter, or occa- fionally attempt a landſkip; and leave the hu- man figure with the ſubjects of hiſtory to abler artiſts.
ke
BB" Te 18"well t& know what ſubjects are
within the limits of your pencil; many have
4| ! ] | -] | |
failed of ſuccel8 from the want of this ſelf-know-
dd eä Saen en
ledge. But pray tell me, what 1s the effential difference between Poetry and Profe:?; 18 1t ſolely
the melody or meaſure of the language?
PP. aT 4hink mot ſolely: 406 ſome proſe has 1ts
melody; and even meaſure. And good verſes,

Gm IES-
ET
SIERTE: EE ERR eien um EEE
«erat mein,
vw
62 ENSTEREN DE-
well ſpoken in a language unknown to the hearer, are not: eally t6 be difiinguilhed from good
prole.
B. Isit the füblimity,.beauty, or novelty of
the ſentiments?
P.; Not 10; for ſublime ſentiments are often befter exprefled in: profe.„Thus when-Wär- wick, in one of the plays of Shakeſpear, 18 left wounded on the field after the loſs of the battle, and his friend ſays to him,“O, could you but Oy!" what can be more ſublime than his anſwer, << Why then, I would not fly.“ No meaßfure:of verſe, 1 imagine, could add dignity to this ſenti- ment. And it would be eaſfy to ſele& examples of the beautiful or new from proſe writers, which,
[ ſuppoſe, no meaſure of verſe could improve.
B. In what then conſiſts the elential differ-
ence between Poetry and Profe?
P.-Nezxt to the meaſure of the Janguage,&he
principal diſtin&ion appears to me to conſiſt in

+4 N
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INTERLUDE: 63 this: that Poetry admits of but few words ex- preſflfive of very abſtracted ideas, whereas Profe abounds with them. And as our ideas derived from viſible obje&s are more diſtin& than thoſe derived from the objets of our other ſenſes, the words expreſſive of theſe ideas belonging to viſion make up the principal part of poctic language. That 15, the Poet writes principally to the eye, the Proſe-writer uſes more abſtrated terms. Mr.
Pope has written a bad verſe in the Windſor Foreſt:
“« And Kennet ſwift for ſilver Eels renozwwd." The word renown'd does not preſent the 1idea of a vilible obje& to the mind, and is thence pro- ſaic.. But change this line thus:
<< And Kennet ſwift, where ſilver Graylings p/ay,"
and it becomes poetry, becauſe the ſcenery 13 then
brought before the eye.
F3 1 2.0171778 may be done 1in DEOTE:

ET +
64 INTE RLIDE:
P. And when it is done in a ſingle word, 1t animates the proſe; ſo it 15 more agreeable to read in Mr. Gibbon's Hiſtory,“ Germany was at this time over-/hadowed with extenſive foreſts; than Germany was at this time fu// of extenſive foreſts." But where this mode of expreſſion oc- curs too frequently, the proſe approaches to poc- try; and in graver works, where we expett to be 'nftruSed rather than amuſed, it becomes tedious and impertinent. Some parts of Mr. Burke s eloquent orations become intricate and enervated by ſuperfluity of poetic ornament; which quan- tity of ornament would have been agreeable in a
poem, where much ornament 1s expected. B. Isthen the ofice of Poetry only to amuſe?
P. The Muſcs are young Ladies; we exped to ſee them dreſſed; though not like ſome mo- dern beauties, with ſo much gauze and feather, that“the Lady herſelf is the leaſt part of her." There are however didadctic pieces of poetry, which
are much admired, as the Georgics of Virgil, Ma-
ſon's Engliſh Garden, Hayley:s Epiſtles3neyer-,

ENDS FESSE UDE. 65
theleſs Science 18 beſt delivered in Profe, as its mode of reaſfoning 1s from ſtricter analogies than
metaphors or ſimilies.
B. Do not Perſonifications and Allegories diſf- tinguiſh Poetry?
PF." THciE Are vtHer arfs of bnnging Oec before the eye; or of exprefling ſentiments in the language of viſion; and are indeed better ſuited
to the pen than the pencil.
.B. That 18 ſtrange, when you have Juſt ſaid they are uſed to bring their objets before the
CYC.
P. In poetry the perſonification or allegoric ngure 18 generally indiſtinet, and therefore does not ſtrike us ſo forcibly as to make us attend to its improbability; but in painting, the figures being all much more diſftindt, their improbability be- comes apparent, and ſeizes our attention to It. Thus the perſon of Concealment 15 very induſ-
tindt, and therefore does not compel us to attend PART IV F
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+
65 AN TFERTENDE.
to its 1mprobability, in the following beautiful lines
of Shakeſpear:
“cs
She never told her love; But let Concealment, like a worm 1' th' bud, Feed on her damaſk cheek."--
But in theſe lines below the perſon of Reaſon ob- trudes itſelf into our company, and becomes diſ- ägreeable by its diſtin&neſs, and conſequent im-
probability:
“"To Reaſon I flew, and intreated her aid, Whopauſfedonmycaſe, and each cireumſiancewei gh'd; Then gravely reply'd in return to Iny prayer,
That Hebe was faireſt of all that were fair.
That's a truth, reply'd I, P've no need to be taught,
I came to you, Reaſon, to find out a fault.
If that's all, lays Reaſon, return as you came,
To find fault with Hebe would forfeit my Dame:
Allegoric figures are on this account in genera] 1eſ3 manageable in painting and in ſtatuary than 1 poetry; and can ſeldom be introduced in the
two former arts in company with natural figures,
as 18 evident from the ridiculous effet of many

INEZ E ROD UDE: 67 18
/ of the paintings of Rubens in the Luxemburgh
gallery; and for this reaſon, becauſe their IMPro-
ed Madel Ds
ebe
bability becomes more ſtriking, when there are
the figures of real perſons by their ſide to com-
PS NER
„Zn
pare them with.
5 18! | m? j kv | M7
Mrs. Angelica Kauffman, well appriſed of this circumſtance, has introduced no mortal ßgures amongſt her Cupids and her Graces. And the great Roubihiac, in his unrivalled monument of Time and Fame ſtruggling for the trophy of Ge- neral Wade, has only hung up a medallion of the
d; head ofthe hero'of the'piece.“There-are,“ how- ever, ſome allegoric figures, which we have ſo often heard deſcribed or ſeen delineated, that we almoſt forget that they do not exiſt in common life; and thence view them without aſtoniſlhment; as the figures of the heathen mythology, of angels,
devils, death, and time; and almoſt believe them
ral to be realities, even when they are mixed with re- han preſentations of the natural forms of man. Whence the 1 conclude, that a certain degree Or probability is ares, neceſlary to prevent us from revolting with diſ- Nan) taſte from unnatural images; unleſs we are other-
Fs

68 I NTEERAMDET,
wiſe 10 much intereſted in the contemplation of
them as not to PErCEIVE their improbability.
B. Ts this reafoning about degrees of proba- bility juſt?--When Sir Joſhua Reynolds, who 18 unequalled both in the theory and pradtice of his art, and who is a great maſter of the pen as well as the pencil, has aſlerted in a diſcourſe delivered to the Royal Academy, December 11, 1786, that «the higher ſtyles of painting, like the higher <“« kinds of the Drama, do not aim at any thing -“< like deception; or have any expedation that the “ ſpedators ſhould think the events there repre- “ ſented are really paſſing before them. And he then accuſes Mr. Fielding of bad judgment, when he attempts to compliment Mr. Garrick in one of his novels, by introducing an ignorant man, miſtaking the repreſentation of a ſcene in Hamlet for a reality; and thinks, becauſe he was an 1gn0- rant man, he was lefßs liable to make ſuch a miſ-
take.
P. It is a metaphyſfical queſtion, and requires
more attention than Sir Joſhua has beſtowed upor
a
9

1 0f
INTERLUDE.<
it.=-You will allow that we are perfectly deceived in our dreams: and that even in our waking re- verles, We are often ſo much ablorbed in the con- templation of what paſſes in our 1maginations, that for a while we do not attend to the lapſe of time or to our own locality; and thus ſuffer a limilar kind of deception, as in our dreams. Nhat 15, we believe things preſent before our eyes, which
are not 10.
There are two circumſtances which contribute to this complete deception in our drcams. Firſt, becauſe in ſleep the organs of ſenſe are cloſed or inert, and hence the trains of ideas aflociated in our 1maginations are Never interrupted or difſſevered by the irritations of external objeds, and cannot therefore be contraſted with our ſenlations. On this account, though we are affet&ed with a Vva- riety of paſlions in our dreams, as anger, love, joy, pet WC NEVEr CXPEXIENCE ſurpriſc.=-For ſurpriſe 1s only produced when any external irritations ſud- denly obtrude themſelves, and diflever our pailing
trains of 1deas.
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50 INTERLUDE.
Secondly, becauſe in ſleep there 15 a total ſuſ- penſion of our voluntary power, both over the muſcles of our bodies, and the ideas of our minds; for we neither walk about, nor reaſon in com- plete ſleep. Hence, as the trains of our ideas are paſſing in our 1maginations in dreams, we cannot compare them with our previous knowledge of things, as we do in our waking hours; for this 1s a voluntary exertion, and thus we cannot per-
ceive their incongruity. Cc
“Thus we are deprived in ſleep of the only two means" by" which we“tah diſtinguiſh the trains of ideas paſſing in our imaginations, from thoſe excited by our ſenſations; and are led by their vivacity to believe them to belong to the latter. For the vivacity of theſe trains of ideas, paſling in the imagination, 18 greatly increaſed by the caufes above mentioned; that is, byathermot being diſturbed or diflevered either by the ap- pulſes of external bodies, as in lurpriſie;:or by our
voluntary exertions in comparing them with our
previous knowledge ot things, as in rcaſoning upon
them.
8

INTERLDVDE:„Ir
B. Now to apply.
P.* Wiien by the art ol thE Painter or Poet a train of ideas 18 ſuggeſted to our 1maginations, which intereſts us fo much by the pain or plea- ſure it affords, that we ceaſe to attend to the 1ir- ritations of common external objeds, and ceaſe alfo to uſe any voluntary efforts to compare theſe intereſting trains of ideas with our previous know- ledge of things, a complete YEVErIE: 18"Produced: during which time, however Mort. 1 itbe buf for a moment, the objects themſelves appear to exiſt before us. This, I think, has been called by anm ingemious?cHtie,* the-adeal prefeice50t Tüch objeds.(Elements of Criticiſm by Lord Kames.) And in reſpe& to the compliment intended by Mr. Fielding to Mr. Garrick, it would ſeem that an ignorant Ruſtic at the play of Hamlet, who has ſome previous belief in the appearance-of Ghoſts, would ſooner be liable to fall into a re- verlie, and continue in it longer, than one who poſſefed more knowledge of the real nature'of things, and had a greater facility of exerciſing his
reaſon. E-4

72 INTERLUDE
B. It muſt require great art in the Painter or
Poet to produce this kind of deception?
P;'-The-matter muſt be gnterefing: from its ſublimity, beauty, or novelty; this is the ſcien- tific part; and the art conſiſts in bringing theſe diſtinctly before the eye, ſo as to produce(as above mentioned) the ideal preſence of the object, in which the great Shakeſpcar particularly excels.
BS.“ Then it is not of any conſequence whe-
ther the repreſentations correſpond with nature?
P. Not if they ſo much intereſt the reader or ſpedator as to induce the reverie above deſcribed. Nature may be ſcen in the market-place, or at the card-table; but we expe& ſomething more than this in the play-houſe or pidure-room. The farther the artiſt recedes from nature, the greater novelty he 1s likely to produce; if he riſes above nature, he produces the ſublime; and beauty 1s
probably a feledtion and new combination of her
moſt agreeable parts. Yourſelf will be ſenſible of the truth of this do&rine, by recollecting over in

Lop
MERENGUE
INTERHÜDE., 3
your mind the works of three of our celebrated artiſts. Sir Joſhua Reynolds has introduced ſab- ]imity even into his portraits; we admire the re- preſentation of perſons, whoſe rcahty we ſhould have paſſed by unnoticed. Mrs. Angelica Kauft- man attrads our eyes with beauty, which I ſup- poſe no where ex1fts; certainly few Grecian faces are ſeen in this country. And the daring pencil of Fuſcli tranſports us beyond the boundaries of nature, and raviſhes us with the charm ot the moſt intereſting novelty. And Shakeſpear, who excels in all theſe together, ſo far captivates the ſpedator, as to make him unmindfual of every kind of violation of Time, Place, or Exiſtence. As at the firſt appearance of the Ghoſt of Hamlet, “« his ear muſt be dull as the fat weed which << roots itſelf on Lethe's brink," who can attend to the improbability of the exhibition. So in many ſcenes of the Tempeſt we perpetually bes lieve the adtion paſſing before our eyes, and re lapſe with ſomewhat ot diſtaſte into common life
at the intervals of the repreſentation.
B, Ifuppoſe a poet of leſs ability would find
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4 INFERDUDE.
ſuch great machinery difficult and cumberſome
to manage?
P. Juſt ſo, we ſhould be ſhocked at the ap- parent improbabilities. As in the gardens of a Sicilian nobleman, deſcribed in Mr. Brydone s and in Mr. Swinburn's travels, there are ſaid to be
ſix hundred ſtatues of 1maginary monſters, which
ſo diſguſt the ſpedators, that the ſtate had once|
a ſerious deſign of deſtroying them; and yet:rfhe very 1improbable monſters in Ovid's Metamor- pboſes have entertained the world for many cen-
turles.
B. The monſters in your Botanic Garden, I
hope, are:ofithe. latter kind?
P. The candid reader muſt determine.
a

NN]
TEE
LOVES. OE IHE PLANTS.
CANE. IE
AGAIN the Goddeſs ſtrikes the golden Iyre, And tunes to wilder notes the warbling wire; With ſoft ſuſpended ſtep Attention moves, And Silence hovers o er the liſtening groves; Orb within orb the charmed audience throng,
And the green vault reverberates the long.
“Breathe ſoft, ve Gales 1? he. fur OARLINA cCries,
“« Bear on broad Ww 1098 your Votreſs to the ſkies.
Carlina. 1. 9. Carline Thiſtle. Of the claſs Confederate
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76 LOVES OF CANTON. ““ How ſweetly mutable yon orient huces, 9
-“ As Morn s fair hand her opening roſes ſtrews; “< How bright, when Iris blending many a ray,
“<« Binds in embroider'd wreath the brow of Day;
Males. The ſeeds of this and of many other plants of the ſame clafs are furniſhed with a plume, by which admirable me- chaniſm they perform long aerial journies, crofling lakes and de- ferts, and are thus diffeminated far from the original plant, and have much the appearance of a Shuttlecock as they fly. The wings are of different conſtruction, ſome being like a divergent tuſt of hairs, others are branched like feathers, ſome are elevated from the crown of the ſeed by a fender foot-ſtalk, which gives them a very elegant appearance, others fit immediately on the crown of the feed.
Nature has many othercurious vegetable contrivances for the diſperßon of ſeeds: ſee note on Helianthus. But perhaps none of them has more the appearance of deßgn than the admirable apparatus of Tillandfſia for this purpoſe. This plant grows on ehe branches of trees, like the miſleto, and never on the ground; the feeds are furniſhed with many long threads on their crowns; which, as they are driven forwards by the winds, wrap round the arms of trees, and thus hold them faſt till they vegetate. This is very analogous to the migration of Spiders on the goſſa- mer, who are ſaid to attach themſelves to the end of a long thread, and riſe thus to the tops of trees or buildings, as the ac-
gidental breezes carry them,
4

CaNTo IL. TH PL BND. e--7
« Soft, when the pendant Moon with Juftres pale
“«(Yer heav'n's blue arch unfurls her milky veil;
-< While from the north long threads of ſfiüver << light
« Dart on ſwift huttles o'er the tiffued might!
“« Breathe ſoft, ye Zephyrs! hear my fervent “ nohs,
“ Bear on broad wings your Votreſßs to thc “« Maes tt.
--Plume over plume in long divergent lines
On whale-bone ribs the fair Mechanic Joins; 20
Inlays with eider down the filken ſtrings,
And weaves in wide expanſe Dadalian wings; [=
Round her bold fons the waving pennons binds,
And walks with angel-ſtep UPON the winds.
So on the ſhoreleſs air the intrepid Gaul
Launch'd the vaſt concave of his buoyant ball.
Journeying on high, the filken caſtle glides
Bright as a metcor through the azure tides;
410
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„3 TONDBESE OF CANTo Il.
O'er towns, and towers, and temples, wins it's Way,
Or mounts ſüblime, and gilds the vault of day. 30
Silent with upturn'd eyes unbreathing crowds
Purſuc the floating wonder to the clouds;
And, fluſh'd with tranſport or benumb'd with fear,
Watch, as 1t riſes, the diminiſfh'd ſphere.
---Now leſ3 and leſs--and now a ſpeck 18 ſeen;--
And now the fleeting rack obtrudes between!
With bended knees, raiſed arms, and ſuppliant brows,
To every ſhrine they breathe their min gled vows.
“< Save him,*ye"Samt! who o'er the g00d “ITEIUC
“ Bear him, ye Winds! ye Stars benignant! S1GEe: 40
--The calm Philoſopher in ether ſails,
Views broader ſtars, and breathes in purer gales;
Sees, like: a map, in many a waving line
Round Earth's blue plains her lucid waters ſhine;

a" ant
„445
CANTo I1l, DWB EE ANZSES. 79 Sees at his feet the forky lightnings glow, And.hears innocuous thunders roar below. ---Riſe, great MoNGOoLFIER! urge thy yenturous flight High o er the Moon's pale ice-refle&ed light; High oer the pearly Star, whoſe beamy horn Hangs in the eaſt, gay harbinger of morn; GO Leave the red eyc of Mars on rapid wing, Jove's ſilver guards, and Saturn's cryſtal ring Leave the fair beams, which, fung from EE Play with new luſtres round the Georgian ſtar; Shun with ſtrong oars the Sun's attradive throne, The ſparkling Zodiac, and the milky zone; Where headlong Comets with increaſing force Thro other ſyſtems bend their blazing courſe.-- For thee Caſliope her chair withdraws,
For thee the Bear retrads his Ihaggy paws; 6o
For thee the Bear. E 60. Scorpius. Virg. Georg. ber 34. A new ſtar appeared in Caf-
fiope's chair in 1552,
Tibi jam brachia contrahit ardens
Herſchel's Conſtrution of the Heavens.
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So LOVES OF CanTo 11.
High o'er the North thy golden orb ſhall roll, And blaze eternal round the wondering pole.
So Argo, riſing from the ſouthern main,
Lights with new ſtars the blue etherecal plain; With favouring beams the mariner proteds,
And the bold courſe, which firſt it fſteer'd, di-
res.
Inventreſ of the Woof, fair LiN4a flings The flying Mhuttle through the dancing ſtrings; Inlays the broider'd weft with flowery dyes, Quick beat the rceds, the pedals fall and riſe; 70 Slow from the beam the lengths of warp unwind,
And dance and nod the maſiy weights behind.--
Linum. 1. 67« Flax. Five males and five females. It was firſt found on tbe banks of the Nile. The Linum Lußſitani- cum, or Portugal fax, has ten males: ſee the note on Curcuma. Iü3 was ſaid to invent ſpinning and weaving: mankind before that time were clothed with the ſkins of animals. The fable of Arachne was to compliment this new art of ſpinning and
weaving, ſuppoſed to ſurpalſs in fineneß the web of the Spider.
1

CaNTo I1. SEK E HPI ANIZT S. 81 Taught by her labours, from the fertile ſoil Immortal 151s clothed the banks of Nile;
And fair ÄRACHNE wiath her rival loom
35 Found undeſerved a melancholy doom.-- Five Sifter-nymphs with dewy fingers twine HIM euh; » di The beamy flax, and ſtretch the fibre-line; Quick eddying threads from rapid ſpindles reel, Or whirl with beating foot the dizzy wheel. 80 -=Charm'd round the buſy Fair five ſhepherds 088; Dreſß, Praiſe the nice textüreof their ſowy dreſs, ſe; 70 Admire the Artiſts, and the art aPProYe, wind, And tell with honey'd words the tale of love nd. So now, where Derwent rolls his duſky food: Through vaulted mountains, and a night of woods, It was 4; wel Sbe:Nymph, GossY?P14A,. treads the velvet ſod, „ofitanl- "urcum? And warms with roſy ſmiles the watery God; nd before The fable nni0g and Goſypia. 1. 87. Goſſypium. The cotton plant. On the 1 Spider- river Derwent, near Matlock, in Derbyſhire, Sir Ric44R»p PART 1. G

82 TONES! OF CANTo Il.
His ponderous oars to ſender ſpindles turns,
And pours o'er maſiy wheels his ftoamy urns; 90
ÄRKWRIGCHT has ereted his curious and magnificent machi- nery for ſpinning cotton, which had been in vain attempted by many ingenious artiſts before him. The cotton.-wool is firſt picked from the pods and ſeeds by women. It is then carded by cvylindrical cards, which move againſt each other, with dif- ferent velocities- It is taken from theſe by an ron hand or comb, which has a motion ſimilar to that of ſcratching, and takes the wooloff the cards longitudinally in reſped to the fibres or ſtaple, producing a continued line looſely cohering, called the Rove or Roving. This Rove, yet very looſely twiſted, is then received or drawn into a whirling cannifter, and is rolled by the centrifugal force in ſpiral lines within it, being yet too tender for the ſpindle. It 1s then paſſed between two pairs of rollers; the ſecond pair moving faſter than the firſt elongate the thread with greater equality than can be done by the band; and it 13s then twiſted on ſpoles or bobbins.
The great fertility of the Cotton-plant in theſe fine flexile threads, while thoſe from Flax, Hemp, and Nettles, or from the bark of the Mulberry-tree, require a previous putrefaction of the parenchymatous ſubſtance, and much mechanical labour, and afterwards bleaching, renders this plant of great importance to the world. And ſince Sir Richard Arkwright's ingenious machine has not only greatly abbreviated and implified the la- bour and art of carding and ſpinning the Cotton-wool, but per-
ee- „ -
orms both theſe circumſtances detter than can be done by hand,
-

0 I,
00
Cizredk THE BUÄNZS. 83
With playful charms her hoary lover wins,
And wäelds his trident,--while the Monarch ſpins.
--Firſt with nice eye emerging Naiads cull
From leathery pods the vegetable wool;
With wiry teeth revo/ving cards releaſe
The tangled knots, and ſmooth the ravell'd fleece;
Next moves the /ron hand with fingers fine,
Combs the wide card, and forms the eternal line;
Slow, with ſoft lips, the wluirling Can acquires
The tender ſkeins, and wraps in riſing ſpires; 100
With quicken'd pace fucceſſKve rollers move,
And theſe retain, and thoſe extend the rove;
it 18 probable that the clothing of this ſmall ſeed will become the principal clothing of mankind; though animal wool and ſIk may be preferable in colder climates, as they are more imperfe&
conductors of heat, and are thence a warmer clothing.
Emerging Naiads. 1. 93-
eam circum Mileſia vellera Nymphz Carpebant, byali ſaturo fucata colore.
Vir. Georg. IV. 394. G 2
! 4
. y u Y 3 FE [7 1 | |
eien pe
GE KE

84 LOVES Or CaxTo IL
"Then f&iy the ſpoles, the rapid axles glow,
And Nlowly Grcumvolyes the labouring wheel
below.
PaPYRA, throned upon the banks of Niule, Spread her AIDE 1CAh- And"WAYVEd„HEr„NIVEr
ſtyle.
Cyperus, Papyrus. 1. 105. Three males, one female. The
leaf of this plant was firſt uſcd for paper, whence the word
paper; and leaf, or folium, for a fold of a book. Afterwards the bark of a ſpecies of mulberry was uſed; whence //der hgnifies a
book, and the bark of a tree. Before the invention of letters
ud to have been per»etually in their infancy 42 2
mankind may be ſ: 23 the arts of one age OT COUNTY generally died with their inven-
tors. aroſe the policy
doſtan, of obliging the ſon to praiſe t letters, the fats of Aſtronomy and Che-
, which ſtill continues in Hin- he profeſlion of his father. After the diſcovery of ecame recorded in written language, t haradters for the planets and metals continue 111
miſtry hough the antient hieroglyphic c
uſe at this day. The antiquity of the invention of muſic, of
(tronomical obſervations, and the manüufa&ure of Gold and Tron, are recorded in Scripture«
About twenty letters, ten cyphers, and feven crotchets, repre- ſent by their numerous combinations all: our ideas and ſenſa-
tions! the mußcal characters are probably arrived at their per-

Y emmeeiiengeERETEETITZIIZZIIZIZEIR TEI IEEE,
vol, CANTo IL TT AE PALI AINTES.
hed--The ftoried pyramid, the laurel'd buſt, The trophy'd arch had crumbled into duſt; The ſacred ſymbol, and the epic ſong, (Unknown the charadter, forgot the tongue,) 110
With each unconquer'd chief, or ſainted maid, + Sunk undiſtinguiſhed in oblivion's ſhade.
Sad oer the ſcatter'd ruins Genius ſigh'd, And infant Arts but learn'd to liſp and died. EN Till to aſtoniſh'd realms PaPYRA taught
To paint in myſtic colours Sound and Thought.
fection, unleſs emphaſis, and tone, and ſwell, could be expreſfed, as well as note and time. Charles the Twelfth, of Sweden, had a deſign to have introduced a numeration by ſquares, inſtead of by decimation, which might have ſerved the purpoſes of philo- lophy better than the preſent mode, which is ſaid to be of Arabic invention. JTHhe alphabet is yet in a very imperfed Rtate; per- haps ſeventeen letters could expreſs all the ſimple ſounds in the European languages. In China they have not yet learned to divide their words into ſyIlables, and are thence neceſlitated to employ many thouſand charadters; it is ſaid above eighty thou- ſand. It is to be wiſhed, in this ingenious age, that the Euro- (ena pcan nations would accord to reform our alphabet.
ir pe“ 2

868 LOVES" OFF: CAaANTo Il
With Wiſdom's voice to print the page fub- lime,
And mark in adamant the ſteps of Time,
--Three favour'd youths her ſoft attention ſhare,
The fond diſciples of the ftudious Fair, 120
Hear her ſweet voice, the golden proceſs prove;
Gaze, as they Ilcarn; and, as they liſten, love.
The firft from Alpha to Omega joins
The letter'd tribes along the level lines;
Weighs with nice ear the vowel, liquid, ſfurd,
And breaks in ſyllables the volant word.
Then forms rhe next upon the marſhal'd plain
In deepening ranks his dexterous cypher-train;
And counts, as wheel the decimating bands,
The dews of Algypt, or Arabia's fands. I30
And then he third on four concordant lines
Prints the lone crotchet, and the quaver joins;
Marks the gay trill, the ſolemn pauſe inſcribes,
And parts with bars the undulating tribes.

ol, CanTo II. TEE) BREAMTV: 87' [ub« Pleaſed round her cane-wove throne, the applaud- ing crowd
Clapp'd their rude hands, their ſwarthy forcheads
, bow'd; 20 With loud acclaim“ a preſent God!" they cry d, ls<< A preſent God!" rebellowing ſhores reply'd.--
Then peal'd at intervals with mingled ſwell 139
The echoing harp, ſhrill clarion, horn, and ſhell;
While Bards ecſtatic, bending o er the Iyre,
SEHREE deeper chords, and wing d the ſong with Dre,
Then-mark'd Aſtronomers with keener eyes
The Moon's refulgent journey through the ſkies:
Watch'd the ſwift Comets urge their blazing cars,
( (| “4 4 ) || 1|
And weigh'd the Sun with his revolving Stars.
High raiſed the Chymilts their Hermetic wands,
(And changing forms obey'd their waving hands,)
Her treaſured Gold from Earth's deep chambers €OXr6,
Or fuſed and harden'd her chalybeate ore. 3150
Gr 4

83 TONE b5 OE CanTo II.
All with bent knee from fair PAPYRA claim Wove by her hands the wreath of deathleſs famc. --Exulting Gens crown d his darling child, The young arts claſpd her knees, and Virtue
ſmiled.
So now DELANY forms her mimic bowers,
Her paper foliage, and her ſilken flowers;
So now Delany. 1. 155. Mrs. Delany has finiſhed nine hun- dred and ſeventy accurate and elegant repreſentations of different vegetables with the parts of their flowers, fructification,&C. acC- cording with the claſſification of Linneus, in what ſhe terms paper moſaic. She began this work at the age of 74, when her ſight would no longer ſerve her to paint, in which ſhe much excelled: between her age of 74 and 82, at which time her eyes quite failed her, ſhe executed the curious Hortus ſiccus above mentioned, which I ſuppoſe contains a greater number of plants than were ever before drawn from the life by any one perſon. Her method conſiſted in placing the leaves of each plant with the petals, and all the other parts of the flowers on colourcd paper, and cutting them with ſciſlars accurately to the natural ſize and form, and then paſting them on a dark ground; the effet of which is wonderful, and their accuracy leſs liable to
fallacy than drawings. She 1s at this time(1783) in her 8gth

Caxro Il. PELE) BENNI S. 89 Her virgin train the tender ſciflars ply, Vein the green leaf, the purple petal dye: Round wiry ſtems the flaxen tendril bends,
Moſs creeps below, and waxen fruit impends. 160 Cold Winter views amid his realms of ſnow DELANSY's vegetable ſtatues blow;
Smooths his ſtern brow, delays his hoary wing,
And eyes with wonder all the blooms of ſpring.
The gentle LAPSANA, NYMPHMAA fair,
And bright CALENDULA with golden hair,
year, with all the powers of a fine underſtanding ſtill unimpair-. ed. 1 am informed another very ingenious lady, Mrs. North, is conſtructing a limilar Hortus fſiccus, or Paper-garden; which ſhe executes on a ground of vellum with ſuch elegant taſte and ſcientific accuracy, that it cannot fail to become a work of in-
eſtimable value.
Lapfana, Nymphaea alba, Calendula. 1. 165. And many
-
other flowers cloſe and open their petals at certain hours of the
day; and thus conſtitute what Linneus calls the Horologe, or
Watch of Flora. He enumerates 46 flowers, which poſſeſs this
kind of ſenſibility. I ſhall mention a few of them with their re-
ſpedtive hours of riſing and ſetting, as Linneus termsthem. He
Ü A 4 7 ] bb. 5 | . 44 4 ; 4 3 87 | | ;

Ciro
90 ONES: OF Watch with nice eye the Earth's diurnal way, Marking her ſolar and ſidereal day,
divides them into meteoric flowers, which leſs accurately obſerve the hour of unfolding, but are expanded ſooner or later, accord- ing to the cloudineſs, moiſture, or preſſure of the atmoſphere. 24. Tropical flowers open in the morning and cloſe before evening every day; but the hour of the expanding becomes earlier or ater, as the length of the day increaſes or decreaſes. gdly«. „Equinottial flowers, which open at a certain and exa& hour ot the day, and for the moſt part cloſe at another determinate hour.
Hence the Horologe or Watch of Flora is formed from nu- merous plants, of which the following are thofe moſt common m this country. Leontodon taraxacum, Dandelion, opens at 5--6, loſes at 8-9.- Hieracium piloſella, mouſe-ear hawK- weed, opens at 8, cloſes at 2. Sonchus lazvis, ſmooth Sow- thiftle, at 5 and at 11-12. Laduca ſativa, cultivated Lettice, at 7 and 10. Tragopogon luteum, yellow Goatſbeard, at 3--5 and at 9--19. Lapfana, mipplewort, at 5--6 and at 10--1. Nymphza alba, white water lily, at 7 and 5. Papaver nudi- caule, naked poppy, at 5 and at 7. Hemerocallis fulva, tawny Day-lily, at 5 and at 7-8. Convolvulus, at 5--6. Malva, Mallow, at 9--10 and at 1. Arenaria purpurea, purple Sand- wort, at 9--10 and at 2--3. Anagallis, pimpernel, at 7--3. Portulaca hortenſis, garden Purſlain, at 9--10, and at 11-12.
Dianthus prolifer, proliferous Pink, at 8 and at 1. Cichoreum,
Succory, at 4--5. Hypocbzris, at 6--7, and at 4--5. Crepis,

CaNTo Il. DIE... PA AINST/S. 91 Her ſlow nutation, and her varying clime, 169 And trace with mimic art the march of Time; Round his light foot a magic chain they fling, And count the quick vibrations of his wing.-- Firſt in its brazen cell reludtant roll'd
Bends the dark ſpring in many a ſteely fold.
On ſpiral braſs 15 ſtretch'd the wiry thong
Tooth urges tooth, and wheel drives wheel along; In diamond-eyes the poliſh'd axles flow,
Smooth ſlides the hand, the balance pants below.
EE EE 3 0 ERES SSE
Round the white circlet in relievo bold,
Grind ig
A Serpent twines his ſcaly length in gold; 180 And brightly pencil'd on the enamel'd ſphere Live the fair trophies of thc paſling year. --Here Time's huge fingers graſp his giant macec,
And daſh proud Superſtition from her baſe;
at 4-5, Mea lO TT. FPICIIS, at 4=-5, and at 12. Calen« dula field, at 9, and at 3. Calendula African, at 7, and af 34"
As theſe obſervations were probably made in the botanic gar-
dens at Upfal, they muſt require farther attention to ſuit them
to our climate. See Stillingfleet's Calendar of Flora.
4 13 61 M
; H “+ | | ] | [ ) y

92 LOVES DE Cano IT.
Rend her ſtrong towers and gorgeous fanes, and ſhed
The crumbling fragments round her guilty head.
There the gay Hours, whom wreaths of roſes deck,
Leadtheiryoung trains amid the cumberous wreck,
And, flowIy purpling o'er the mighty waſte, 189
Plant the fair growths of Science and of Taſte.
While cach light Moment, as it dances by
With feathery foot and pleaſure-twinkling eye,
Feeds from its baby-hand, with many a kiſs,
The callow neſtlings of domeſtic Bliſs.
As yon gay clouds, which canopy the ſkies, Change their thin torms, and loſe their lucid dyess So the ſoft bloom of beauty s vernal charms- Fades in our eyes, and withers in-our arms. --Bright as the ſilvery plume, or pecarly ſhell, The iInow-white roſe, or lily's virgin bell, 200 The fair HELLEBORAS attractive ſhone,
Warm d every Sage, and every Shepherd won.--
Helleborus, 1. 201. Many males, many females. The
23

» IL CaNTo Il.“PD HRESX? PY PAINZT23S. 93 Round the gay ſifters preſs the enamour d bands, And ſeek with ſoft ſolicitude their hands. --“Erewhile how chang'd!--in dim ſuffuſion lies The glance divine, that lighten d in their eyes;
Cold are thoſe lips, where ſmiles ſeductve hung,
1x * . KEES GNIE uren BENDEL
And the weak accents linger on their tongue; Each roſeate feature fades to livid green--
--Diſguſt with face averted ſhuts the ſcene. 210
So from his gorgeous throne, which awed the world,
The mighty Monarch of Affyria hurl'd,
Helleborus niger, or Chriſtmas roſe, has a large beautiful white
ER meg
flower, adorned with a circle of tubular two lipp'd nectaries. After impregnation the lower undergoes a remarkable change,
the nedaries drop off, but the white corol remains, and gradu-
M) 2
ally becomes quite green. This curious metamorphofſe of the corol, when the nedaries fall oft, ſeems to ſhew that the white juices of the corol were before carried to the nedaaries, for the 7 purpoſe of producing honey; becauſe when theſe nedaries fall off, no more of the white Juice 15(ecreted inthe corol, but it be- comes green, and degenerates into a calyx. Dee note on Loni-
cera. The nedary of the Tropzolum, garden aaſturtion, is 2
coloured horn growing from the calvyx. 8 8)
The
hagen Zl wee NE REI IEP A dw eiiie unge€
2<< SGEIIIEN

94 LiONZT 54 OE CANTo I].
Sojourn'd with brutes beneath the midnight ſtorm, Changed by avenging Heaven in mind and form.
---Prone to the earth He bends his brow ſuperb, Crops the young floret and the bladed herb; Lolls his red tongue, and from the reedy ſide
Of ſlow Euphrates laps the muddy tide.
Long cagle plumes his arching neck inveſt, 219 Steal round his arms, and claſp his ſharpen d breaſt; Dark brinded hairs, in briftling ranks, behind, Riſe o'er his back, and ruftle in the wind; Clothe his lank ſides, his hrivel'd limbs ſurround, And human hands with talons print the ground. Silent in ſhining troops the Courtier-throng Purſue their monarch, as he crawls along;
E'en Beauty pleads in vain with ſmiles and tears,
Nor Flattery's ſelf can pierce his pendant ears.
Two Siſter-Nymphs to Ganges flowery brink Bend their light ſteps, the lucid water drink, 230
Two Siſter-Nymphs. 1, 229. Meniſpermum, Cocculus. Indian

GElEnälis- TWECDLANDS. 5%; 6 Wind through the dewy rice, and nodding canes,| 1.|| j (As eight black Eunuchs guard the ſacred plains), 11 ), k With playfal malice watch the ſcaly brood,; And ſhower the inebriate berries on the flood.-- 1] Stay in your cryſtal chambers, ſilver tribes!| j Turn your bright eyes, and ſhun the dangerous| 9' 1: bribes; 6% t;; The tramell'd net with leſs deſtrution ſweeps 1; Your curling ſhallows, and your azure deeps;|; h With leſs deceit, the gilded fly beneath, 254|] (Uy 4|||| ' Lurks the fell hook unſeen,--to taſte is death!' d, --Dim your ſlow eyes, and dull your pearly coat, Drunk on the waves your languid forms ſhall float,; On uſeleſs fins in giddy circles play, p4 18, E 177 And Herons and Otters ſeize you for their prey.--» berry. Two houſes, twelve males. In the female flower there| ok are two ſtyles and eight filaments without anthers on their ſum- x NT'84 mits; which are called by Linneus eunuchs. See the note on* 239 Curcuma. The berry intoxicates fiſh, Saint Anthony of Padua, 7 when the people refuſed to hear him, preached to the filh, and: DB converted them. Addiſon's Travels in Italy.|;
; 1 |] j Zi j n

g5 RIO.NVZ ESS JO: CaxTo Il. So, when the Saint from Padua's graceleſs land
In ſilent anguiſh ſought the barren ſtrand,
High on the ſhatter'd beech ſublime He ſtood,
Still'd with his waving arm the babbling flood;
J< To Mans dullcar,.: Hee da“ T call in valn,
< Hear me. vedcaly tenants of the main!''--
( Miſhapen Scals approach in circling focks, 251
In duſky mail the Tortoiſe climbs the rocks, Torpedoes, Sharks, Rays, Porpus, Dolphins, pour
| 1 Theirtwinklingſquadrons roundtheglitteringſhore; With tangled fins, behind, huge Phoce glide,
And Whales and Grampi1 ſwell the diſtant tide.
Then kneel'd the hoary Scer, to Heav'n addreſs'd 0 His fiery eyes, and ſmote his founding breaſt;| ä“« Bleſs ye the Lord," with thundering voice he| 1| ery'd, 259| |« Bleſs ye the Lord!" the bending ſhores reply d;
The winds and waters caught the ſacred word,
] Tt,:. | And mingling echoes ſhouted“ Bleſs the Lord!" |
The liſtening ſhoals the quick contagion feel,
1 Pant on the floods, inebriate with their zeal,
2 >

Qut ſhore;
> UC,
CaNTo IT. PWE- SP BMNT 8. 97 Ope their wide Jaws, and bow their flimy heads,
And daſh with frantic fins their foamy beds.
Sopha d on filk, amid her charm-built towers, Her meads of aſphodel, and amaranth bowers, Where Sleep and Silence guard thc ſoft abodes, In ſüllen apathy PAPAVER nods. 270 Faint o'er her couch in ſcintillating ſtreams
Paſs the thin forms of Fancy and of Dreams;
Papaver. 1. 270. Poppy. Many males, many females. "The plants of this claſs are almoſt all of them poiſonous; the fineſt opium 18 procured by wounding the heads of large pop- pies with a three-edged knife, and tying muſcle-ſhells to them to catch the drops. In ſmall quantities it exhilarates the mind, raiſes the paſlions, and invigorates the body: in large ones it is ſucceeded by intoxication, languor, ſtupor, and death. It is cuſtomary in India for a meſſenger to travel above a hundred miles without reſt or food, except an appropriated bit of opium for himſelf, and a larger one for his horſe at certain ſtages. “The emaciated and decrepid appearance, with the ridiculous and idiofic geſtures, of the opium-eaters in Conſtantinople is well
deſcribed in the Memoirs of Baron de Tott.
PEER: H
yr
| 4 ß Z | 4 1] =D M | ſ

8 LOVES:- GF Caxyrto 11.
Froze by inchantment on the velvet ground, Fair youths and beauteous ladies glitter round; On cryſtal pedeſtals they ſeem to ſigh, Bend the meek knee, and lift the imploring eyc- - And now the Sorcereſßs bares her SMrivel d hand, And circles thrice in air her ebon wand; Fluſh'd with new life deſcending ſtatues talk, The pliant marble ſoftening as they walk; 2802 With deeper ſobs reviving lovers brcathe, Fair boſoms riſe, and ſoft hearts pant beneath; With warmer lips relenting damſels ſpcak, And kindling bluſhes tinge the Parian check; To viewleß lutes aerial voices ſing, And hovering loves are hcard on ruſftling WIN, ---She waves her wand agaim!--freſh horrors ſeize Their fiffening Hmbs, their vital currents freeze; Dy each cold nymph her marble lover lies, And iron ſlumbers ſcal their glaßſly eyes. 290
So with his dread Caduceus HERMES led
From the dark regions of the impriſon d dead; :
HD

JI SEE RR<<< ae dn ding reren EIIIE| c-=<.. Ken I
CANTo II. THE PLANT S. 99
Or drove in ſilent ſhoals the lingering train
To Night's dull ſhore, and PLUTo's dreary reign.
So with her waving pencil CREWE commands The realms of Taſte, and Fancy's fairy lands; Calls up with magic voice the ſhapes, that ſleep In earth's dark bofom, or unfathom'd deep; That ſhrined in air on viewleſs wings aſpire,
Or blazing bathe in elemental fire. 300 As with nice touch her plaſtic hand ſhe moves, Riſe the fine forms of Beauties, Graces, Loves; Kneel to the fair Inchantreſs, ſmile or ſigh,
And fade or flouriſh, as ſhe turns her EYE.
Fair C1sT4a, rival of the roſy dawn,
Call'd her light choir, and trod the dewy lawn;
So witb her waving pencil. 1. 295. Alluding to the many beautiful paintings by Miſs EMMA CREWE, to whom the au- thor 1s indebted for the very elegant Frontiſpiece, where Flora,
at play with Cupid, is loading him with garden-tools.
= 13 81 +1 “| || |; |] R
Ci /tus labdaniferus. 1. 305. Many males, one female. The H: 2

y| (7' [UB '|.|
-' BD nE 4 "KE €| 8| [YM 4 42, M; WM! 8 | f (yy
EEE
100 TIOFVES? OFF: CanTo Il.
Hail'd with rude melody the new-born May, As cradled yet in April's lap ſhe lay. EL
<< Born in yon blaze of orient 1ky, Y y
<< Sweet May! thyradiant form unfold, 310
petals of this beautiful and fragrant Mhrub, as well as of the (Enothera, tree-primroſe, and others, continue expanded but a few hours, falling off about noon, or ſoon atter, in hot wea- ther. The moſt beautiful flowers of the Caus grandiflorus (ſee Cerca) are of equally ſhort duration, but have their exiſt- ence in the night. And the flowers of the Hibiſcus trionum are ſaid to continue but a ſingle hour. The courtſhip between the males and females in theſe flowers might be eafily watched; the males are ſaid to approach and recede from the females alternately. The flowers of the Hibiſcus ſinenſis, mutable roſe, live in the Weſt Indies, their native climate, but one day; but have this remarkable property, they are white at their rſt expanſion, hen change to deep red, and become purple as they decay. The gum or reſin of this fragrant vegetable is collected from extenſive underwoods of it in the Ealt by a ingular contrivance. Long leathern thongs are tied to poles and cords, and drawn over the tops of theſe hrubs about noon; which thus collect the duſt of the anthers, which adheres to. the leather, and 1s occa- Gonally ſcraped off. Thus in ſome degree is the manner 1m1-
rated, in which the bee colleds on his thighs and legs the ſame
material for the conſtruction of his.combs,

"To I|,
CaxTo 1. TEE PANTS. IOI
«<« Uncloſe thy blue voluptuous eye,
< And wave thy ſhadowy locks of gold.
H: « For Thee the fragrant zephyrs blow, << For Thee deſcends the ſunny ſhower; << The rills in ſofter murmurs flow,
7% Kd DESHEer bloffoms gem the bower.
HE: «< Light Graces dreſs'd in fowery wreaths, “< And tiptoe Joys their hands combine; «< And Love his ſweet contagion breathes,
<< And laughing dances round thy ſhrine.
Od do O
IV. <« Warm with new life the glittering throngs “ On quivering fin and ruftling wing “« Delighted join their votive longs,
« And hail thee, GoDDESS OF THE SPRING.
O'er the green brinks of Severn's 00Zy bed, In changeful rings, her ſprightly troops She leds: 5 85.
mus ASSE A ry
4 9 2] F
|
]
| R;
iis KITEN ENEN Den ENDE Rien HE
get

102 LONES OF GÄynzT6411
PAX tripp'dbefore, where Eudneſs ſhades the mcad, And blew with glowing lip his ſevenfold reed; Emerging Naiads ſwell'd the jJocund ſtrain, Andapedwith mimic ſtep the dancingtrain.-- 339 <<] faint, I fall!"--at noon the Beauty cried, « Weep o'er my tomb, ye Nymphs!"--and funk and died. -„-Thus, when white Winter o'er the ſhivering clime Drives the ſtill ſnow, or ſhowers the ſilver rime; As the lone ſhepherd o'er the dazzling rocks Prints his ſteep ſtep, and guides his vagrant flocks; Views the green holly veil'd in net-work nice, Her vermil cluſters twinkling in the ice; Admires the lucid vales, and Numbering floods, Suſpended cataraCs, and cryſtal woods, 340 Tranſparent towns, with ſeas of milk between,
And eyes with tranſport the refulgent ſcene:
Sevenfold reed. 1. 328. The ſevenfold reed, with which Pan
is frequently deſcribed, ſeems to indicate, that he was the in-
ventor of the muſical gamut.

CaxTo IL TAG PLAN.IS. 103
1X breaks the ſunſhine o'er the ſpangled trees,
Or flits on tepid wing the weſtern breeze,
In liquid dews deſcends the tranſient glare, And all the glittering pageant melts 1n air,
Where Andes hides his cloud-wreath'd creſt in ſnow, And roots his baſe on burning ſands below; C1NCHONA, faireſt of Peruvian maids, To Health's bright Goddeſs in the brecezy glades On Quito's temperate plain an altar rear d; 351 Trill'd the loud hymn, the ſolemn prayer pre- ferr t*
Each balmy bud ſhe cull'd, and honey'd flower,
And hung with fragrant wreaths the ſacred bower;
Cinchona. 1. 349- Peruvian bark-tree. Five males, and one female. Several of theſe trees were felled for other pur- poſes into a lake, when an epidemic fever of a very mortal kind prevailed at Loxa in Peru, and the woodmen, accidentally drinking the water, were cured; and thus were diſcovered the
virtues of this famous drug.
EHE 4
NEE NN Saniert rare A LENEEHOT iin
|);

104 VONDS 10E CanTo Il. Each pearly ſea ſhe ſearch d, and ſparkling mine, And piled their treaſures on the gorgeous ſhrine; Her ſuppliant voice for ſickening Loxa raiſed,
1 Sweet breath duthe. gale, jandbhnght.cheicenſor N„a Dlazed:
' j- 27.16-| 11/8%--Diwine HY6Gr1a! on thy votaries bend!
|<< Thy angel-looks, oh, hear us, and defend! 360
<< While ſtreaming oer the night with balefal
|<< gläafe
"« The ſtar of Autumn rays his miſty hair;
|“<« Fierce from his fens the Giant AGUE ſprings, “ And wrapp d in fogs deſcends on vampire wings;
<< Before, with. Iuddermg. limbs':cold. Tremor
'M/““ reels,| || I|< And Fever's burning noſtril dogs his heels;| | 7||“<« Loud claps the grinning Fiend his iron hands,
|||“ Stamps with black hoof, and ſhouts along the|
9|<< Janmdss 4«<« Withers the damaſk check, unnerves the ſtrong, “ And drives with ſcorpion-laſlh the ſhrieking
SL ANFONZ, 370

RR RS
CaNTo II. SEE. SPE AHNZET 5. 105
<< Oh, Goddeſß! on thy kneeling votaries bend
«“« Thy angel-looks, oh, hear us, and defend!"
“HygEB keamnsSrom ibecbleft abodes,
The cryſtal manſions of the immortal gods,
Saw the fad Nymph uplitt her dewy eyes,
Spread her white arms, and breathe her fervid ghs;
Call'd to her fair aſlociates, Youth and J OY,
And hot all radiant through the glittering 1ky;
Looſe waved behind her golden train of hair,
Her ſapphire mantle ſwam diffuſcd in air.=- 330
O'er the grey matted moſs, and panſied 10d,
With ſtep ſüblime the glowing Goddeſs trod,
Gilt with her beamy eye the conſcious ſhade,
And with her Imile celeſtial bleſs'd the maid.
““ Come to my arms, with ſeraph volce- She <“ gries,
-< Thy vows are heard, benignant Nymph! ariſe;
« Where yon aſpiing trunks ſantaſtic wreath
<“« Their mingled roots, and drink the ril1 be-
SCneath,
ET 2045 20x werte ASS
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y
4
) n 3 "4
1 4 A 3) j 4

106 LOVES OF Caro Il. << Yield to the biting axe thy ſacred wood, es And ſtrew the bitter foliage on the flood." 390 In ſilent homage bow'd the bluſhing maid,-- Five youths athletic haſten to her aid, O'er the ſcar d hills re-echoing ſtrokes reſound, And headlong foreſts thunder on the ground. Round the dark roots, rent bark, and Matter d boughs, From ocherous beds the ſwelling fountain flows: With ſtreams auſtere its winding margin laves, And pours from vale to vale its duſky waves. ---As the pale ſquadrons, bending o'er the brink, View with a ſigh their alter'd forms, and drink; Slow-ebbing life with refluent crimſon breaks O'er their wan lips, andpaintstheirhaggard checks: Through cach fine nerve rekindling tranſports
dart, 403
Light the quick eye, and ſwell the exulting heart. „Thus IsRAEL's heav'n-taught chief o'er track-
leſs fands Led to the ſultry rock his murmuring bands.

70 1],
CaxyTo II. EHE PEAN.TS. 107
Bright o'er his brows the forky radiance blazed, 390 And high in air the rod divine He raiſed.--
Wide yawns the cliff!--amid the thirſty throng
Ruſh the redundant waves, and Mine along;
) With gourds, and ſells, and helmets, preſs the
bands, 411
d Ope their parch'd lips, and ſpread their eager hands,
Snatch their pale infants to the exuberant ſhower, 8; Knecl on the Matter'd rock, and bleſs the Al- ) mighty Power. k, Bolſter'd with down, amid a thouſand wants, 6 Pale Dropty rears his bloated form, and pants;
<< Quench meyer cookpelluedimils Eheieries, D Wets his parch'd tongue, and rolls his hollow eyes. ts So bends tormented TANTALUS to drink, 3 While from his lips the refluent waters ſhrink; I Again the riſing ſtream his boſom laves, 421 ik. And Thirſt conſumeshim'midcircumfluent waves.
--Diwvine Hy6E14a, from the bending ſky
Deſcending, liſtens to his piercing Cry z

m |' 0) UU x| (1M 1485 1(003. 3UM | 598! M "'| vj Es || Ei 10; BE 1) Z|| ZE 7 1! BE| y!|
108[3ONSES OE CANFOHT
Aſlumes. bright DieiTaL1s' drefs and air,
Her ruby check, white neck, and raven hair:
Digitalis. 1. 425. Ot"the claß Two Powers. Four males, one female. Foxglove. The effed& of this plant in that kind of Dropſy, which is termed anaſarca, where the legs and thighs are much ſwelled, attended with great dificulty of breathing, 1s truly aſtoniſhing. In the aſcites accompanied with anaſarca of pcople paſt the meridian of life, it will alſo ſometimes ſucceed. "The method of adminiſtering it requires ſome caution, as it 1s liable, in greater doſes, to induce very violent and debilitating ſßickneß, which continues one or two days, during which time the dropfical colledtion, however, diſappears. One large ſpoon- ful, or half an ounce, of the following decoCtion, given twice a day, will generally ſucceed in a few days. But in more robuſi people, one large ſpoonful every two hours, till four ſpoontuls are taken, or till ſickneſß occurs, will evacuate the dropſical (wellings with greater certainty, but is liable to operate more vioelently. Boil four ounces of the freſh leaves of purple Fox- glove(which leaves may be had at all ſeaſons of the year) from two pints of water to twelve ounces; add to the ſtrained liquor, while yet warm, three ounces of reCtified ſpirit of wine. A theory of the effeCts of this medicine, with many ſucceſsful caſes, may be ſeen in a pamphlet, called“ Experiments on Mucilagi- << nous and Purulent Matter," publiſhed by Dr, Darwin, in 1780.
vold by Cadell, London.
Wefgeun 5 a mmn
| | |

Ghnaiel“THE 4 BIT 5.- Four youths prote& her from the circling throng, And like the Nymph the Goddels ſteps along.-- O'er him She waves her ſerpent-wreathed wand, Cheers with her volce, and raiſes with her hand, Warms with rekindling bloom his viſage wan,
And charms the ſhapeleſs monſter into man. 432
So when Contagion with mephuitic breath And wither'd Famine urged the work of death; Marſeilles' good Biſhop, London's generous Mayor, With food and faith, with medicine and with
prayer,
Marſeilles? good Biſdop. 1. 435. In the year 1720 and 1722, the Plague made dreadful havock at Marſeilles; at which time the Biſhop was indefatigable in the execution of his paſtoral of-
fice, viſiting, relieving, encouraging, and abſolving the ſick
| with extreme tenderneſß; and though perpetually expoſed to the
infettion, like Sir John Lawrence, mentioned below, they both
are ſaid to have eſcaped the diſeaſe.
London's generous Mayor. 1. 435. During the great Plague at London in the year 1665, Sir John Lawrence, the then Lord
Mayor, continued the whole time in the city; heard complaints
4

FT RAF T
110 LOVES 80F CANTo iH.
Raiſed the weak head, and ſtayed the parting ſgh, Or with new life relumed the ſwimming eye.-- --And now, PH1iLANTHROPY! thy rays divine Dart round the globe from Zembla to the Line; O'er each dark priſon plays the cheering light, Like northern luſtres o'er the vault of night.-- From realm to realm, with croßs or creſcent crown d, 443 Where'er Mankind and Miſery are found,
O'er burning ſands, deep waves, or wilds of ſnow,
Thy HowaRD journeying ſeeks the houſe of woe.
and redrefſed them; enforced the wiſeſt regulations then known, and ſaw them executed. The day after the diſeaſe was known with certainty to be the Plague, above 40,000 ſervants were diſ- miſſed, and turned into the ſtreets to periſh, for no one would receive them into their houſes; and the villages near London drove them away with pitch-forks and fire-arms. Sir John Law- rence ſupported them all, as well as the needy who were ſick, at firſt by expending his own fortune, till ſubſcriptions could be ſolicited and received from all parts of the nation. Journal
of the. Plague-year. Printed for E. Nutt,&c. at the R. Ex-
change, 1722,
<=

iE
Caxro 1. TEB: TPRANTS. ILI Down many a winding ſtep to dungeons dank, Where anguiſh wails aloud, and fetters clank; To caves beſtrew'd with many a mouldering bone, And cells, whoſe echoes only learn to groan; 450 Where no kind bars a whiſpering friend diſcloſe, No ſunbeam enters, and no zephyr blows,
HE treads, inemulous of fame or wealth,
Profuſe of toil, and prodigal of health,
With ſoft aſluaſive eloquence expands
Power's rigid heart, and opes his clenching hands; Leads ſtern-ey'd Juſtice to the dark domains,
If not to ſever, to relax the chains;
Or guides awaken'd Mercy through the gloom, And ſhews the priſon, ſiſter to the tomb!-- 4659 Gives to her babes the ſelf-devoted wife,
To her fond huſband liberty and life!---
--The Spirits ofthe Good, who bend from high Wide o'er theſe earthly ſcenes their partial eye, When firſt, array"d in VIRTUE's pureſt robe,
They ſaw her HowaRbD traverſing the globe;
GR KAESE

RIGG<Z<ZzZZzZ<eIeIeÜÖÄGE
|,| 1] N (9. 198) 190! j() 112 NOWE S, Gs: CAaNTo H. “| hy“ 5... ||]|, Saw round his brows her ſun-like Glory blaze Mu 7; ESE BENN Fuzi bir CÜSFANS h 7 In arrowy circles of unwearied rays; BE: i| 4" 08) 7 Miſtook a Mortal for an Angel-Gueft, 469
And aſk'd what Seraph-foot the earth imprett.
1]
(543:| he- Onward he moves!--Diſcaſe and Death retuire, Y And murmuring Demons hate him, and 4GHre h
Here pauſed the Goddeſs--on HY6G6EI4A's hrine
1"| Obſequious Gnomes repoſe the lyre diwine;
|| Deſcending Sylphs relax the trembling(rings, || And catch the rain-drops on their hadowy wings. ||||“And now her vaſe a modeſt Naiad fills || 1|| With liquid cryſtal from her pebbly rills;
Piles the diy. cedar round her ſilver urn,
/M| (I| Dw(Bright climbs the blaze, the crackling faggots (|( burn), 48c )1 j M||| Culls the green herb of China's envy'd bowexrs, mi|- H.. In gaudy cups the ſteamy treafure pours; X] =|.." |, And, ſweetly Imiling, on her bended knee
Preſents the fragrant quinteflence of Tea.
EINEN Sali id euer ai u M ENE
T2

169 EM PRB TLD E48:
Bookſeller."ÜHE monſters: of your Botanic Garden are as ſurpriſing as the bulls with brazen feet, and the fire-breathing dragons, which guarded the Heſperian fruit; yet are they not diſguſting,
nor miſchievous: and in the manner you have
De
chained them together in your exhubition, they ſucceed each other amuſingly enough, like prints of the London Cries, wrapped upon rollers, with a- glaſs before them:: In this at leaſt they reſem- ble the monſters in Ovid's Metamorphoſes; but
your ſimiles, I ſuppoſe, are Hoömecener
1198,
Pvet. The great Bard well underſtood how to + make uſe of this kind of ornament in Epic Poetry. He brings his yaliant heroes into the field with much parade, and ſets them a fighting with great fury; and then, after a ſew thruſts and parries, he introduces a long ſtring of ſimiles. During this
PART 11. 1

aufen bi<a ad
114 IND ERNEVDE:
the battle is ſuppoſed to continue: and thus the time neceſlary for the action 18 gained in our ima- ginations; and a degree of probability produced, which contributes to the temporary deception or reverie of the reader.
But the fimiles of Homer have another agree- able charaderiſtic; they do not quadrate, or go upon all fours(as it is called), khkenrthemere formal ſimiles of ſome modern writers; any one reſembling feature ſcems to be with him a ſufti- dient excuſe for the introdution of this kind ot digreſlion; he then proceeds to deliver lome agree- able poetry on this new ſubject, and thus converts
EVErY ſmile into a kind of hort epiſode.
B. Then a ſimile ſhould not very accurately
reſemble the fubjeet?
P. No; it would then become a philoſophical analogy, it would be ratiocination inſtead of poc- try: it need only 10 far reſemble the ſubject, as poetry itſelf ought to reſemble nature. It ſhould have ſo much ſublimity, beauty, or novelty, as to
intereſt the reader; and ſhould be expreffed in

Wi
GETTE THIERSE EIER IIUR I 2-2( 57300,
Wü
INTERLUDE. 115
iw piäureſque language, ſo as to bring the ſcenery WW before his eye; and ſhould laſtly bear ſo much En veri-militude as not to awaken him by the vio- 1 lence of improbability or incongruity. I B. May not the reverie of the reader be difli- 5 pated or diſturbed by diſagrecable images being re preſented to his imagination, as well as by impro- uF bable or incongruous ones? f- 0) P. Certainly; he will endeavour to touſe him- 5 KE3 ſelf from a diſagrecable reverie, as from the night- exts mare. And from this may be diſcovered the line of boundary between the Tragic and the Horrid; which line, however, will veer a little this way or 1y that, according to the prevailing manners of the age or country, and the peculiar aſſociation of 1deas, or idioſyncracy of mind, of individuals. For cal inſtance, if an artiſt Ihould repreſent the death of C- an ofüicer in battle, by ſhewing a little blood on „98 the boſom of his ſhirt, as if a bullet had there pe- ld netrated, the dying figure would affe& the be- ; fo holder with pity; andif fortitude was at the ſame din time expreſſed in his countenance, admiration
>

116 INTEBLDDE:
would be added to our pity. On the contrary, Ts the artiſt hould chuſe to repreſent his thigh as ſhot away by a cannon ball, and ſhould exhibit the bleeding fleſh and ſhattered bone of thc itump, the picture would introduce into our minds ideas from a butcher's hop, or a furgeon's operation room, and we ſhould turn from it with diſguſt. So if chara&ers were brought upon the ſtage wath their limbs disjointed by torturing inſtruments, and the floor covered with clotted blood and ſcat- rered brains,- our theatric:reverie would be de- ſtroyed by diſguſt, and we ſhould leave the play- houſe with deteſtation.
“The Painters have been more guilty in this re- ſpe& than the Poets; the cruelty of Apollo in flay- ing Marſyas alive is a favourite ſübje& with the antient artiſts: and the tortures of CXPINſINg Mar- tyrs have diſgraced the modern ones. It requires little genrs to exhibit the muſcles in convulfive aQion either by the pencil or the chifſel, becauſe the interſtices are deep, and the lines ſtrongly de- fined: but thoſe tender gradations of muſcular
adtion, which conſtitute the graceful attitudes of
the body, are difhicult to conceiye or to execute,

iv:
ETTHETTTE:G-ZTEEEER IR,
= 4
ENSFHERE WDE. I:17
except by a maſter of nice diſcerunment and cul-
tivated taſte.
B. By what definition would you diſtinguiſh
the Horrid irom. the, Tragic.?
P. 4 1üppole. the latter conſiſt of: Diſtreſs: at tended with Pity, which 15 ſaid to be allied to Love, the moſt agreeable of all our paſlions; and the former in Diſtreſs, accompanied with Diſguſt, which is allied to Hate, and 1s one of our moſt diſagrecable ſenſations, Hence, when horrid ſcenes of cruclty are repreſented in pictures, we wiſh to diſbelieve their exiſtence, and voluntarily exert ourſelves to eſcape from the deception: whereas the bitter cup of true Tragedy is mingled with ſome ſweet conſolatory drops, which endear our tears, and we continue to contemplate the inte-
reſting deluſion with a delight, which 15 not caſy
p' | in | (!
to explain,
B. Has not this been explained by Lucretins,
Gerl SA- nw erwiige fief a ICD
where he deſcribes a hipwreck; and ſays, ths
1 3
ed ent mer de mm. eln ie a 0)„a S2 NIST„dbläken

Wein.
115 FN MIER ED.
Spedators receive pleaſure from fecling them- ſelves ſafe on land? and by Akenfide, in his beau- tuful poem on the Pleaſures of Imagination, who aſcribes it to our finding objeds for the due exer-
tion of our paſlions?
P. We muſt not confound our ſenſations at the contemplation of real miſery with thoſe, which we experience at the ſccnical repreſentations of feagedy-+ The ſpe&ators of a Mhipwreck may be attraded by the dignity and novelty of the object; and from theſe may be ſaid to receive pleaſure; but not from the diſtreſs of the ſufferers. An in- genious writer who has criticiſced this dialogue in the Engliſh Review for Auguſt, 1789, adds, that one great ſource of our pleaſure from ſcenical diſtreſs ariſes from our, at the ſame time, generally con- templating one of the nobleſt objets of nature, that of Virtue triumphant over difficulty and op- preſſion, or ſupporting 1ts votary under every ſaf- fering: of, where this does not occur, that our minds are relieved by the juſtice of ſome lignal
puniſhment awaiting the delinquent. But, be-
fides this, at the exhibition of a good tragedy, we

INTERLUDE 119
them are not: only amuſed by the dignity and novelty, 3 beam and beauty, of the obje&s before us; but, if any » Who diſtreſsful circumſtance occur too forcibly for our ' CxXCf« ſenſibility, we can voluntarily exert ourſelves, and
recollect, that the ſcenery. 1s: not real:.anid. tbus
not only the pain, which we had received from| Nn at the apparent diſtreſs, is leßſened, but a new ſource| yhich of pleaſure is opened to us, ſimilar to that which' ns of we frequently have felt on awaking from a diſ- 2 ay be treſsful dream; we are glad that it is not true.' bie; We are at the ſame time unwilling to relinquiſh| alure; the pleaſure which we receive from the other in- 4 NE tereſting circumſtances of the drama; and on that ue 11 account quickly permit ourſelves to relapſe into 257 the delufion; and thus alternately believe and diſ- RE believe, almoſt every moment, the exiſtence of con- the objects repreſented before us. ture, | 0p- B. Have thoſe two fovereigns of poetic land, 7 faf- HoMER and SHAKESPEAR, kept their works en- 3t our tirely free from the Horrid?--or even yourſelf in ſignal your third Canto? t, be- Ivy, 96 P. The deſcriptions of tbe mangled carcaſes
1 4

120 INTERLUDE.
of the companions of Ulyſſes, in the cave of Poly- pheme, 15 in this reſpe& certainly objectionable, as is well obſerved by Scaliger. And in the play of Titus Andronicus, if that was written by Shakeſpear(which from its internal evidence I think very improbable,) there are many horrid and diſguſtfal circumſtances. The following Canto is ſabmitted to the candour of the critical rcader,
to whoſe opinion 1 Mall ſabmit in ſilence.
=>
Rb.|

Poly-
table, THE
PM!
1 by LOVES OF. THE PLANTS. ce I
and
anto|
EAN TO“ mE
(der,|
AND now the Goddeſs ſounds her ſilver ſhell, And ſhakes with deeper tones the inchanted dell; Pale, round her grafly throne, bedew'd with tears, Flit the thin forms of Sorrows, and of Fears; Soft Sighs reſponſive whiſper to thE" Chords,
And Indignations half-unſheath their ſwords.
« Thrice round the grave CIRCA prints her
tread,
And chaunts the numbers, which diſturb the dead;
Circea. 1. 9. Enchanters Nightſhade. Two males, one fe-
Kd r] 14 p'3 j ). ß 4 ) [3 j; H | | j
male. It was much celebrated in the myſteries of witchcraft,
7

<>
122 HW ON=5- OF CANTOM. Shakes o er the holy carth her ſable plume, Waves her dread wand, and ſtrikes the echomg
tomb! 10
and for the purpoſe of raiſing the devil, as its name imports. It grows amid the mouldering bones and decayed cofins in the ruinous vaults of Sleaford church in Lincolnſhire. The ſuper- ſtitious ceremonies or hiſtories belonging to ſome vegetables have been truly ridiculous; thus the Druids are ſaid to have cropped the Miſeto with a golden axe or ſickle; and the Bryony, or Mandrake, was ſaid to utter a ſcream when its root was drawn from the ground; and that the animal which drew it up became diſeaſed and ſoon died: on which account, when it was wanted for the purpoſe of medicine, it was uſual to looſen and remove the earth about the root, and then to tie it by means of a cor
to a dog's tail, who was whipped to pull it up, and was then ſup- poſed to ſuffer for the impiety of the aftion. And even at this day bits of dried root of Peony are rubbed ſmooth, and ſtrung, and ſold under the name of Anodyne necklaces, and tied round the necks of children, to facilitate the growth of their teeth! add to this, that in Price's Hiſtory of Cornwall, a book pub- Iiſhed about ten years ago, the Virga Divinatoria, or Divining Rod, has a degree of credit given to it. This rod 1s of hazel, or other light wood, and held horizontally in the hand, and is ſaid to bow towards the ore whenever the Conjuror walks over
a mine. A very few years 290, in France, and even in Eng-
land, another kind of divining rod has been uſed to diſcover
4

It the per- 1avC pped 7, Or 1aWn Came ranted M0ve cord ſup- this 109, und th! Dud- 010g 127), 08 18 5 Over | Eng-
hſcoye!
CanTo III. EID) SPU ZACNIT S8. T22 --Pale ſhoot the ſtars acroſs the troubled night, The tim'rous moon withholds her conſcious light; Shrill ſcream the famiſh'd bats, and ſhivering owls, And loud and long the dog of midnight howls!-- --Then yawns the burſting ground!--72v0 imps obſcene Riſe on broad wings, and hail the balefal queen; Each with dire grin ſalutes the potent wand, And leads the Sorcereſs with his footy hand; Dad they glide, where ſheds the lickly yew O'er many a mouldering bone its nightly dew; 20 The ponderous portals of the church unbar,-- Hoarſe on their hinge the ponderous portals jar; As through the colour d glaſs the moon-beam falls,
Huge ſhapeleſ IpeCres quiver on the walls;
ſprings of water in a imilar manner, and gained ſome credit, And in this very year, there were many in France, and ſome in England, who underwent an enchantment without any di- vining rod at all, and believed themſelves to be affected by an
inviſible agent, which the Enchanter called Animal Magnetiſm|

5
391) Wi;
T j 0] 124 WONES DE CaNnTo II.
4| 1''|| ||, h Low murmurs creep along the hollow ground,|
AE ii 1/0
8 094) And to each ſtep the pcaling ailes reſound;
| 1| P 2 O
| 4818; 2 Z 0
| 1( By glimmermsg lamps, protedmg ſaints among,
ſ]:.. r
| h| The ſhrines all trembling as they paſs along,] | je Ip S 8 S 2 N[ ( MR O'er the ſtill choir with hideous laugh they move, 41 ſ[| (44) EI. IM/|(Fiends yell below, and angels weep above 1) 30
!'m|(19 EN 2* 4 95.
: wi y Their impious march to God s high altar bend, 0.
|;| With feet impure the facrcd ſteps aſcend;| 4
6; 4|| NN
VU:| With wine unbleſs'd the holy chalice ſtain,| P
64: s| | 4] Aſlume the mitre, and the cope profane:|
14 3) 4948 IM 3::..
250.51 To heaven their eyes in mock devoton throw, 1. h,||| And to the croſs with horrid mummery bow; 1 [' jp.|| Adjure by mimic rites the powers above, in: j EU|!/
1| And plight alternate their Satanic Jovg.|| 4 004 9" ? y,' te )|| Avaunt, ye Vulgar! from her ſacred groves 4
hv| With maniac ſtep the Pythian LAURA moves; 49 Mn /1'M|| ſto, [ Py|| m /(|| Laura. 1. 40. Prunus Lauro-ceraſus. Twenty males, one 4 ſ|||; female. The Pythian prieſfteſs 15 ſuppoſed to have been made|
5,2|V! M 4 nN
11 108 3 drunk with infuſion of laurel-leaves when ſhe delivered her ora-
"47| ESIS S: 9088 qu |! cles. The intoxication or inſpiration 15 finely deſcribed by Virgil
1.8 911 44'
4;/ ß j|
1189 ] 4| Y| XS SE
net.-

) I|, CaxTo II], TEESE TT SESEFALNKZLR.S:
1 25? D d, Full of the God her labouring boſom ſighs, 4 Foam on her lips, and fury in her eyes 1 YCs,; 7, Strong writhe her limbs, her wild diſhevell'd hair k Starts from her laurel-wreath, and ſ[Wwims in air.=-|:; e, While zzwenty Prieſts the gorgeous ſhrine ſur-!| 20 round| 9, | Cindtur'd with ephods, and with garlands crown'd, »,
Contending hoſts and trembling nations wait
The firm immutable behefts of Fate;
w,„En. L. vi. The diſtilled water from laurel-leaves is, perhaps, the moſt ſudden poiſon we are acquainted with in this country. [ have ſeen about two ſpoonfuls of it deſtroy a large pointer dog in leſs than ten minutes. In a(ſmaller doſe it is ſaid to pro- duce intoxication: 6n this account there is reaſon to believe it aCts in the ſame manner as opium and vinous ſpirit; but that the doſe is not ſo well aſcertained. See note on Tremella. It is uſed in the Ratifia of the Diſtillers, by which ſome dram- drinkers have been ſuddenly killed. One pint of water, diſtilled
! | 4
49 ng:| ie from fourteen pounds of black cherry ſtones bruiſed, has the j Pp v; ][| ſame deleterious efe&, deſtroying as ſuddenly as laurel-water. 5 - O- T E 4 rT 5 3, One It is probable Apricot-kernels, Peach-leaves, Walnut-leaves,' EE N 4 1 made and whatever poſſeſles the kernel-fayour, may have ſimilar 8) ter ola- qualities, 4 zi Tigi yy
=-- SZS IÄ US ZE öi mn a Mme<<“ MEEDETEERÜRETEEG

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M ES Wea ze e.- TEGO demn nem PIALAN NEIN DEI
| I. eie-..
wn 5.
FZ EE TL
126 E OVES /QEF CANT HT:
--She peaks in thunder from her golden throne
With words unwill d, and wildom not her own. 592
/
So on his NIGHTMARE through the evening fog Flits the ſquab Fiend o'er fen, and lake, and bog; Secks ſome love-wilder'd Maid with ſleep op- preſs d,
Alights, and grinning ſits upon her breaſt.
--Such as of late amid the murky ſky
Was mark'd by FusELT's poetic eye;
Whoſe daring tints, with SHAKESPEAR'Ss happieſt grace,
Gave to the airy phantom form and place.--
Back o'er her pillow ſinks her bluſhing hcad, 59
Her ſnow-white limbs hang helpleſs from the bed;
While with quick ſighs, and ſuffocative breath,
Her interrupted heart-pulſe ſwims in death.
--Then ſhrieks of captur'd towns, and widows
Gars,
Pale lovers ſtretch'd upon their blood-Rain'd biers,
EN

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CANTo III."EE FIESS RE ANZ S- 127 The headlong precipice that thwarts her flight, The trackleſs deſert, the cold ſtarleſs night,
And ſtern-eye d Murderer with his knife behind, In dread ſucceſlion agonize her mind.
O'er her fair limbs conyulfive tremors fleet,
Start in her-hands, and ſtruggle in her feet; 7 In vain to ſcream with quivering lips ſhe tries, And ſtrains in palſy'd lids her tremulous eyes;
In vain ſhe wills t6 run, fly, ſwim, walk, CECED;
The WirLL prefides not in the bower of SLEEP.
*
The 1! prefides not. 1. 74. Sleep conſiſts in the abolition of all voluntary power, both over our muſcular motions and our ideas; for we neither walk nor reaſon in ſleep. But at the ſame time, many of our muſcular motions, and many of our Ideas continue to be excited into action in conſequence of inter» nal irritations and of internal ſenſations; for the heart and arte- ries continue to beat, and we experience variety of paſlions, and even hunger and thirſt in our dreams, Hence I conclude, that our nerves of ſenfe are not torpid or inert during ſleep; but that they are only precluded from the perception of external ob- je&s, by their external organs being rendered unfit to tranſmit to them the appulſes of external bodies, during the ſuſpenſion of the power of volition; thus the eyelids are cloſed in ſleep, and
1 ſuppoſe the tympanum of the ear is not ſtretched, becauſe they
„I SETGESSZSEZZBBRER DAZ,
ernie. zm, IE
ww
(
aint
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EE DNENEENEES(E
ernennen
CaSTo IH.
128 LOVES OF -„-On her fair boſom ſits the Demon-Ape Ered&, and balances his bloated ſhape; Rolls in their marble orbs his Gorgon-eyes,
And drinks with leathern ears her tender cries.
Arm'd with her wory beak, and talon-hands,
Deſcending F1c4 dives into the fands; 80
are deprived of the voluntary exertions of the muſcles appro- and it is probable ſomething(imilar
priated to theſe purpoſes; of ſenſe,
happens to the external apparatus of our other organs which may render them unfit for their ofice of perception dur-
ing ſleep: for milk put'nto the mouths of ſleeping babes ocCa-
fons them to ſwallow and ſuck; and, if the eyelid 15 a little
y-light by the exertions of diſturbed Aecp, the
See firſt Interlude.
tthe volun- When the
opened in the da perſon dreams of being much dazzled.
When there ariſes in ſleep a painful deſire to exer ;t 15 called the Nightmare or Incubus.
tary motions, (ſome muſcular motions obey this
Nleep becomes ſo imperfe& that people have walked about, and even per-
exertion of deſire, one of theſe Aeep-
formed ſome domeſtic oflices in 1eeD: kers 1 have frequently ſcen: once ſhe(melt of at and drank a diſh oftea in this ſtate; her awaking Was rpriſe, and even fear; this
be of the epileptic kind.
wal ube-roſe,
and ſung, always attended with prodigious ſü diſeaſe had daily periods, and ſeemed to
1. 80. Indian Fig-tree. Of tbe claſs Polygamy-
Ficus indica.
»8l

|?| ro 1 Grz. WINE DIAANT.S. 129; Chawmber'd in earth with cold oblivion lies; 1] Nor heeds, ye Suitor-train, your amorous ſighs z ß Erewhile with renovated beauty blooms,%s ies Mounts into air, and moves her leafy plumes."* --“-Where HaMPs and MaNXy1ForLD, their cliffs 4' ds among, w 2? 89 Each in his flinty channe] winds along; With lucid lines the duſky moor divides, apprO- Hurrying to intermix their ſiſter tides. 88 ſimilar|:; S n| Where ſtill their ſilver-boſom'd Nymphs abhor, f ſenſe, H nid The blood-Imear'd manſfion of gigantic T4u0R,-- bes oeca- a little;..; | This large tree riſes with oppoſite branches on all ſides, with CD, kü 4 j; 5 long egged leaves; each branch emits a lender flexile depending le, 4.81 MIT 5 3 appendage from its ſummit like a cord, which roots into the volun-;:;.: earth and riſes again. Sloan. Hiſt. of Jamaica, Lin. Spec. zen the: ; Plant. See Capri-ficus. Cy this 1 per- DE 6 S: 0 G:igantic Thor. 1. 9o. Near the village of Wetton, a mile or - two above Dove-Dale, near Aſhburn in Derbyſhire, there is a be-rols, ſpacious cavern about the middle of the aſcent of the mountain, king Ww which ſtil] retains the name of Thor's houſe; below it is an ex- ar 3 this tenſive and romantic common, where the rivers Hamps and tc kind,
Manifold ſink into the earth, and riſe again in Ilam gardens, the
lygan PERTH. K

EEE tit Bengae. Were im Si I WIE
130 HOWES OF Caxro III.
---Erſt, fires volcanic in the marble womb
Ofcloud-wrapp'd WETTON raiſed the maſy dome;
ſeat of John Port, Eſq. about three miles below. Where theſe rivers riſe again there are impreſſions refembling Fiſh, which ap- pear to be of Jaſper bedded in Limeſtone. Calcareous Spars, Shells converted into a kind of Agate, corallines in Marble, ores of Lead, Copper, and Zinc, and many ſtrata of Flint, or Chert, and of Toadſtone, or Lava, abound in this Part OF the country. The Druids are ſaid to have offered human ſacrifices incloſed in wicker idols to Ihor. JThurſday had its name from this Deity.
The broken appearance of the ſurface of many parts of this country; with the Swallows, as they are called, or baſons on ſome of the mountains, like volcanic Craters, where the rain- water inks into the earth; andthe numerous large ſtones, which ſeem to have been thrown over the land by volcanic exploſions; as well as the great maſſes of Toadltone or Lava; evince the exiſtence of violent earthquakes at ſome carly period ofthe world. At this time the channels of theſe ſubterraneous rivers ſgem to have been formed, when a long trad of rocks were raiſed by the ſea flowing in upon the central fires, and thus producing an irre- hiſtible exploſion of ſeam; and when theſe rocks again fubſided, their parts did not exadtly correſpond, but left a long cavity
arched over in this operation of nature. The cavities at Caſtle-
ton and Buxton in Derbyſhire ſcem to have had a fimilar origin, as well as this cavern termed Thor's houſe. See Mr. White
hurſt's and Dr. Hutton's Theories of the Earth,

NTo TU, GANTO WE AWS FINEST BARND/ASINZIE S: TZE " Rocks rear'd on rocks in huge disjointed piles + Form the tall turrets, and the lengthen d ailes; DE Broad ponderous piers ſuſtain the roof, and wide ch ap« Branch the vaſt rain-bow ribs from ſide to ſide. 6 While from above deſcends in milky ſtreams) arble j 4 G One ſcanty pencil of illuſive beams, 4 f the Suſpended crags and gaping gulfs illumes, 99 4 J 54 And gilds the horrors of the deepen'd glooms. 4 ''BM .---Here oft the Naiads, as they chanced to ſtray€| of this Near the dread Fane on THoR Ss returning day,|] 17 Saw from red altars ſtreams of guiltleſs blood 1| e Taln- buy which Stain their green reed-beds, and pollute their| lions; flood;( j 1. Heard dying babes in wicker priſons wail,| 'orld,/ ps We And ſhricks of matrons thrill the affrighted Gale;(! M7 y the While from dark caves infernal Echoes mock, 4 uf And Fiends triumphant ſhout from every rock! cavity--So ſtill the Nymphs emerging lift in aar 109 zaltle- Their mow-white ſhoulders and their azure hair; 8 Sail with ſweet grace the dimpling ſtreams along, Liſtening the Shepherd's or the Miner's ſong; B-

GEN nenen, Ware dmg de R
emen 7m rnm DI En mee
122 HONDTES: OF CaNTo II.
But, when afar they view the giant-cave,
On timorous fins theylcrecle on the Ware,
With ſtreaming eyes and throbbing hearts recoil,
Plunge„hein fair dome; and.dive: beneatb«the 1011.--
Cloſed round their heads reludant eddies ſink,
And wider rings ſucceflive daſh the brink.---
Three thouſand ſteps in ſparry clefts they ftray,
Or ſeek through ſüllen mines their gloomy way;
On beds of Lava ſleep in coral cells, 21
Or ſigh oer Jaſper fiſh, and agate ſhells.
vE
Till, where famed ILaM leads his boiling floods
3 EE
EN EEE SE| "“hrough€ OWwery meadows and impending woods, Pleaſed with light ſpring they leave the dreary night, S- 22222 T c Es 455 17 And mid circumfluent ſurges riſe to ligh Shake their bright locks, the widening vale puriue, Their fea-green mantles, fringed with pcarly dew; - IEE 2 7(E1S„> oc hxr+ 2 4 Ds In playfül groups by towering Thorpe they movc.
Bound oer the foaming wears, and ruſh into the
Dove. T

X 9
GANToO 11 HSE: PL PAINT S. 133 With fierce diſtradted eye IMPATIENS ſtands,
Swells her pale checks, and brandiſhes her hands,
Impatiens. 1. 131. Touch me not. The ſeed veſſel conſiſts of one cell with five diviſions; each of theſe, when the ſeed 1s ripe, on being touched, ſuddenly folds itſelf into a ſpiral form, leaps from the ſtalk, and diſperſes the ſeeds to a great diſtance by its elaſticity. The capfule of the geranium and the beard of wild oats are twiſted for a imilar purpoſe, and diſlodge their ſeeds on wet days, when the ground is beſt fitted to receive them. Hence one ot thefe, with its adhering capfule or beard fixed on a ſtand, ſerves the purpoſe of an hygrometer, twiſting itſelf more or leſs according to the moiſture ot the air.
The awn of barley is furniſhed with ſtiff points, which, like the teeth of a ſaw, are all turned towards one end of it; as this Jong awn lies upon the ground, it extends itſelf in the moiſt air of night, and puſhes forwards the barley corn, which it adheres to; in the day it ſhortens as it dries; and as theſe points prevent it from receding, it draws up its pointed end; and thus, creeping like a worm, will travel many feet from the parent tem. That
very ingenious Mechanic Philofopher, Mr. Edgeworth, once
made on this principle a wooden automaton; its back conſiſted of
ſoft Fir-wood, about än inch ſquare, and four feet long, made of
pieces cut the croſßs-way in reſpect to the fbres of the wood, and
glued together: it had two feet before, and two behind, which
ſupported the back horizontally; but were placed with their ex-
tremities, which were armed with ſharp points of iron, bending
backwards. Hence, in moiſt weather the back lengthened, and KR:3
Saa eä EI CEbm Sheeliar 5 rgr
| 4 | 6 | |
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a Gefen
Sr ARN> 2 WEHE

3 2m=.
EE
Ge<< mmm m NHER kelwiieuign nen 4;
|
134 LOYES OF
OANToHE With rage and hate the aſtoniſh'd groves alarms, And hurls her infants from her frantic arms. --So when MEDJa left her native ſoil,
Unaw'd by danger, unſubdued by toil;
Her weeping fire and beckoning friends withſtood, And launch'd enamour'd on the boiling flood; One ruddy boy her gentle lips careſs'd,
And one fair girl was pillowed on ber breaſt; 140 While high in air the golden treaſure burns, And Love and Glory guide the prow by turns. But, when Theflalia's inauſpicious plain Received the matron-heroine from the main; While horns of triumph ſound, and altars burn, And ſhouting nations hail their Chief's return; Aghaſft, She ſaw new-deck'd the nuptial bed,
And proud CREUSA to the temple led;
the two foremoſt feet were puſhed forwards; in dry weather the hinder feet were drawn after, as the obliquity of the points of the feet prevented it from receding. And thus, in a month or two,
it walked acroſs the room which it inhabited. Might not this
' machine be applied as an Hygrometer to ſome meteorological
purpoſe?

140
the c the two, this
gical
Caro I1. TEE DIAS.I 5. 135
Saw her in JASON 8 mercenary arms
Deride her virtues, and inſult her charms; 150
Saw her dear babes from fame and empire torn,
In foreign realms deſerted and forlorn;
Her love reje&ed, and her vengeance braved,
By Him her beauties won, her virtues fſaved.--
With ſtern regard ſhe eyed the traitor-king,
And felt, Ingratitude! thy keeneſt ſting;
«< Nor Heaven," ſhe cried,“ nor Earth, nor Hell can hold
«< A Heart abandon'd to the thirſt of Gold!"
Stamp'd with wild foot, and hook her horrent brow,
And call'd the furies from their dens below. 160
---S]ow out of earth, before the feſtive crowds,
On wheels of fire, amid a night of clouds,
Drawn by fierce fiends aroſfe a magic car,
Received, the Queen, and hovering flam'd in air.=-
As with raiſed hands the ſuppliant traitors kneel,
And fear the vengeance they deſerve to feel,
KR. 4
<< rn
=
a6128) Beeren
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EN HRE ERD Speere ds FÄ I
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AGED RENAEH AE>
„ÄR.

136 LOVES OF Cazs70 II,
Thrice with parch'd lips her guiltleſß babes fhe preſßs'd,
And thrice ſhe claſp'd them to her tortur'd breaſt;
Awhile with white uplifted eyes ſhe ſtood,
Then plung'd her trembling poniards in their blood. I 70
“ Go, kiſs your ſire! go, ſhare the bridal mirth!"
She cryd, and hurl'd their quivering limbs on earth.
Rebellowing thunders rock the marble towers,
And red-tongued lightnings ſhoot their arrowy ſhowers;
Earth yawns!--the craſhing ruin ſinks!---o0'er all
Death with black hands extends his mighty Pall;
Their mingling gore the Fiends of Vengeance quaft,
And Hell receives them with convulſive laugh,
Round the vex'd idles wbere fierce tornadoes
roar,
Or tropic breezes ſooth the ſultry ſhore; 180

1,
108
160
Een THL PHANGLS. H What time the eve her gauze pellucid ſpreads O'er the dim flowers, and veils the miſty meads; Slow o'er the twilight fands or leafy walks,
With gloomy dignity DICTAMNA ſtalks;
Di&amaus. 1. 184. Fraxinella. In the ſtill evenings of dry ſeaſons this plant emits an inflammadble air or gas, and flaſhes on the approach of a candle. There are inſtances of human crea- tures who have taken fire ſpontaneouſly, and been totally con- ſumed. Phil. Tranſ,
The odours of many flowers, ſo delightful to our ſenſe of ſmell, as well as the diſagreeable ſcents of others, are owing to the exhalation of their eſſential oils. Theſe eflential oils have greater or leſs volatility, and are all inflammable; many of them are poiſons to u5, as thoſeof Laurel and Tobacco; others pofleſs a narcotic quality, as 1s evinced by the oil of cloves inſtantly re- lieving flight tooth-achs; from oil of cinnamon relieving the hiccup; and balfam of peru relieving the pain of ſome ulcers. "They are all deleterious to certain inſeCts, and hence their uie in the vegetable economy, being produced in flowers or leaves ta prote& them from the depredations of their voracious enemies. One of the eential oils, that of turpentine, is recommended, by M. de Thoſe, for the purpofe of deſtroying inſects which infect both vegetables and animals. Having obſerved that the trees were attacked by multitudes of ſmall inſects of different colours (pucins ou pucerons) which injured their young branches, he
deſtroyed them all entirely in the following manner: he put
[a] «)
wangen WEESEN
j | d * 1 k 41? 8

H Tm Aen mm 262.20
eherger“
133 TFOMEIST Or
CaNTo II.
In fulphurous eddies round the weird dame Plays the light gas, or kindles into flame. If reſts the traveller his weary head,
Grim MANCINELLA haunts the moſiy bed,
into a bowl a few handfuls of earth, on which he poured a ſmall quantity-of oil of turpentine; he then beat the whole together with a ſpatula, pouring on it water till it became of the conſiſt- ence ot loup; with this mixture he moiſtened the ends of the branches, and both the inſeCs and their eggs were deſtroyed, and other inſeCts kept aloof by the ſcent of the turpentine. He adds, that he deſtroyed the fleas of his puppies by once bathing them in warm water impregnated with oil of turpentine. Mem. d'Agriculture, An. 1787, Tremeſt. Printemp. p. 109"T fprinkled ſome oil of turpentine, by means of a bruſh, on ſome branches of a nedtarine tree, which was covered with the aphis; but it killed both the inſe& and the branches: a ſolution of arſe- nic much diluted did the ſame. The ſhops of medicine are ſup- plied with refins, balſams, and eſſential oils; and the tar and pitch, for mechanical purpoſes, are produced from theſe vege-
table ſecretions.
Mancinella, 1. 188. Hippomane. With the milky juice of this tree the Indians poiſon their arrows; the dew-drops which fall from it are ſo cauſtic as to bliſter the ſkin, and produce dan-
gerous ulcers; whence many have found their death by feeping
» under its ſhade. Variety of noxious plants abound in all coun- [8] O

NTo 11, CaNnTo Iſ, Eik: PR AX 18 S. 139
2 Brews her black hebenon, and, ftealing ncar, Pours the curſt venom in his tortured car.-- 190 Wide o'er the mad'ning throng URTICA flings
Her barbed ſhafts, and darts her poiton d ſtings.
ſmall tries; in our own the deadly night-ſhade, henbane, hounds- ether tongue, and many others, are ſeen in almoſt every high road un- fiſt touched by animals. Some have aſked, what 1s the uſe of ſuch t the abundance of poiſons? The nauſeous or pungent juices of ſome 4, and vegetables, like the thorns of others, are given them for their de-
He fence from the depredations of animals; hence the thorny plants athins are in general wholeſome and agreeable food to granivorous ani- Men, mals. See note on lex. Ihe flowers or petals of plants are 0. 1 perhaps in general more acnid than their leaves; hence they are H Lie much ſeldomer eaten by inſects. This ſeems to have been the|| lif; uſe of the eſſential oil in the vegetable economy, as obſerved N EU above in the notes on DiCtamnus and 1lex. The fragrance of j - plants is thus a part of their defence. Lheſe pungent or nauſe- 1! - ous juices of vegetables have ſupplied the ſcience of medicine with| its principal materials, ſuch as purge, vomit, intoxicate,&C. 296-
Urtica. 1. 191. Nettle. The ſting has a bag at its baſe, and
; a perforation near its point, exadtly like the ſtings of waſps and 50. the teeth of adders; Hook, Microgr. p. 142. Isthe fluid con- ae tained in this bag, and preffed through the perforation into the Gn wound, made by the point, a cauſtic eſſential oil, or a concen- epn trated vegetable acid? The vegetable poiſons, like the animal un

SIE IGG, Nane 2 fe ENIE
T40 LOVES: OF CaxyTo IIL
And fell LoBELTA's ſuffocating breath
Loads the dank pinion of the gale with death,
ones, produce more ſudden and dangerous effets, when inſtilled into a wound, than when taken into the ſtomach; whence the families of Marßſi and PnILi, in antient Rome, ſucked the poiſon without injury out of wounds made by vipers, and were ſup- poſed to be indued with ſupernatural powers for this purpoſe. By the experiments related by Beccaria, it appears that four or üve times the quantity, taken by the mouth, had about equal effects with that infuſed into a wound. The male flowers of the nettle are ſeparate from the female, and the anthers are ſeen m fair weather to burſt with force, and to diſcharge a duft,
wüich hovers about tbe plant like a cloud.
Lobelia. 1. 193. Longiflora. Grows in the Weſt Indies, and ſpreads fuch deleterious exhalations around it, that an opprefion of the breaſt is felt on approaching it at many feet diſtance when
placed in the corner of a room or hot-houſe. Ingenhouſz, Exper.
on Air, p. 146. Jacquini hort. botanic. Vindeb. The exhala-
tions from ripe fruit or withering leaves are proved much to in- jure the air in which they are confined; and, it is probable, all thoſe vegetables which emit a ſtrong ſcent may do this in a greater or leſs degree, from the Roſe to the Lobelia; whence the unwholeſomenelſs in living perpetually in ſuch an atmoſphere of perfume as ſome people wear about their hair, or carry in their handkerchiefs. Either Boerhave or Dr. Mead have affirmed
they were acquainted with a poiſonous fluid whoſe vapour would
Yu
Hes (AM!

pro 1,
Cixro In"WEINE PBUEXSNSSN S- 141 ---With fear and hate they blaſt the affirighted th ; groves, Yet own with tender care their k/ndred Loves /-- nſtilleg 1ce the poiſon So, where PALMYRA mid her waſted plains, E ſi= 3- pP Her ſhatter'd aquedud&ts, and proftrate fanes, Irpoſe, 1 p ezv midnio! AER(As the bright orb of breezy midnight pours 199 equal Lons threads of ſilver through her gaping towers 1 O& EITEL O» vers of»-. 0 O'er mouldering tombs, and tottering columns re ſeen vi gleams, And froſts her deſerts with diffuſive beams),= es, and| j| In preſently deſtroy the perſon who ſat near it. And it is well| 4 K a 2 I| 08 known, that the gas from fermenting liquors, or obtained from| 3 xper lime-ſtone, will deſtroy animals immerſed in it, as well as ths ji| +.-„S DEE vapour of the Grotto del Cam near Naples.'" 4 416 DV, 6)"4 JM 0 11» iE le, all So, where Palmyra. 1. 197. Among the ruins of Palmyra, 12 which are diſperſed not only over the plains but even in the de- ce tb ſerts, there is one ſingle colonade above 26000 yards long, the here of baſes of the Corinthian columns of which exceed the height of 1 heir a man: and yet this row is only a ſmall part of the remains of (humed that one edifice! Volney's Travels, would
- AEN zz<= I irl ps=. we 5-2 Sm! mm IEEE ze cz<z zz“. AWR ZZ eeRRRREeEEEENGIINIT EEN

--"2 eur-. Ir Men 5 Tx m-% a vi ENNS I- Zi<= AEI EE===» MIE M D. DS cs 0. I.: a ü As 0.0' R TETEN ETHNIEN ATSITTE ET ENE"nE CE= noun Ä' ' « 4 8 v'
142 HONES OF CANTo III. Sad o'er the mighty wreck in ſilence bends, Lifts her wet eyes, her tremulous hands extends.-- It from lone cliffs a burſting rill expands Its tranſient courſe, and ſinks into the ſands; Oer the moiſt rock the fell Hyzzna prowls, The Leopard hifles, and the Panther growls; On quivering wing the famiſh'd Vulture ſcreams, Dips“ his dry“ beak, and lweeps the guſhing ſtreams; 210 With foaming] aws, beneath, and languine tongue, Laps the lean Wolf, and pants, and runs along; ötern ſtalks the Lion, on the ruſtling brinks Hears the dread Snake, and trembles as he drinks; Quick darts the ſcaly Monſter o'er the plain, Fold, after fold, his undulating train;
And, bending o'er the lake his creſfted brow,
Starts at the Crocodile, that gapes below.
Where ſeas of glaſs with gay refledtions ſmile
Round the green coaſts of Java's palmy iſle; 220

creams, uhing
210 tongue,
ong;
CanTo II THB PIZANIT S8. E
(GS)
A ſpacious plain extends its upland ſcene, Rocks riſe on rocks, and fountains guſh between Soft zephyrs blow, eternal ſummers reign,
And ſhowers prolific bleſs the ſoil,--in vain! --No ſpicy nutmesg ſcents the vernal gales,
Nor towering plaintain ſhades the mid-day vales; No graſly mantle hides the ſable hills,
No flowery chaplet crowns the trickling rills; Nor tufted moſ3, nor 0.4 lic In rußlet tapeſtry o'er the crumbling f CENS4 250 --No ſtep retreating, on the ſand impreis d, Invites the viſit of a ſecond gueſt;
No refluent fin the unpeopled ſtream divides, No revolant pinion cleaves the airy tides;
Nor handed moles, nor beaked worms return, That mining paſs the irremeable bourn.-- Fierce in dread ſilence on the blaſted heath
Fell Upas fits, the HYyDRA-TREE of death.
There is a poiſon-tree in the iſland of Java,
which 1s ſaid by its eMuvia to have depopulated the country for
"06. amal=
BE<I2 7 5.0 edr-- SE--- ZL meg AAN LIG amm-. I<=“=====
Zine eä enen
DIAG len 2m FRÜULI IGES€ ip
-
u. ib
ER
5 DW 1) | | IM 4

rere eee mE mE m
144 1 O0NVES OEF CAaNTo III.
Lo; from one root, the envenom'd ſ011 below,
A thouſand vegetative ſerpents grow; 240 In ſhining rays the ſcaly monſter ſpreads
O'er ten ſquare leagues his far-diverging heads; Or in one trunk entwiſts his tangled form,
Looks o'er the clouds, and hiffes in the ſtorm.
12 or 14 miles round the place of its growth. It is called, in the Malayan language, Bohun-Upas; with the juice of it the moſt poiſonous arrows are prepared; and, to gain this, the con- demned criminals are ſent to the tree with proper direCion both to get the juice and to ſecure themſelves from the malignant exhalations of the tree; and are pardoned if they bring back ä certain quantity of the poiſon. But by the regiſters there kept, not one in four are ſaid to return. Not only animals of all kinds, both quadrupeds, fiilh, and birds, but all Kinds of vegetables alſo are deſtroyed by the efMluvia of the noxious tree; ſo that, in.a diſtrict of 12 or 14 miles round it, the face of the earth is quite barren and rocky, intermixed only with the ſkeletons of men and animals, affording a ſcene of melancholy beyond what poets have deſcribed or painters delineated-. T'wo younger trees of its own ſpecies are ſaid to grow near it. See London Magazine for 1784 or 19783. Iranſlated from a deſcription of the poiſon-tree of the iſland of Java, written in Dutch by N. P. Foerſch. For
a further account of 1t, ſee a note at the end of the work.

ed, in fit the the con- tion both jalignank 9 back 4 Te kept,
| kinds,
1114 quite f men t poets gofits zune for [on-tiee
h. for
CaxTo II], EISE. SEE AMNLDA S. I45
Steep'd in fell poiſon, as his ſharp teeth part,
A thouſand tongues in quick vibration dart;
Snatch the proud Eagle towering o'er the heath,
Or pounce the Lion, as he ſtalks beneath;
Or ſtrew, as marſhall'd hoſts contend in vain,
With human ſkeletons the whiten'd plain. 250
--Chain d at his root two ſcion-demons dwell,
Breathe the faint hißs, or try the ſhriller yell;
Riſe, fluttering in the air on callow wings,
And aim at inſe&-prey their little ſings.
So Time's ſtrong arms with ſweeping ſcythe eraſe
Art's cumberous works, and empires, from their Dale:
While each young Hour its ſickle ine employs,
And crops the ſweet buds of domeſtic Joys!
With bluſhes bright as morn fair ÖRCHIS charms,
And Ilulls her infant in her fondling arms; 260
Orchis. 1. 259. The Orchis morio in the circumſtance of the
PARSE L

NR SS SS SEESEN
1465 PSONE ODE CaxTo HI.
Soft plays A4ſſection round her Halo throne,
And guards his life, forgetful of her own.
parent-root ſhrivelling up and dying, as the young one increaſes, 15 not only analogous to other tuberous or knobby roots, but alſo to ſome bulbous roots, as the tulip. The manner of the pro- dudtion of herbaceous plants from their various perennial roots, ſeems to want further inveſtigation, as their analogy 18 not yet clearly eſtabliſhed. The caudex, or true root, in the orchis lies above the knob; and from this part the fibrous roots and the new knob are produced. In the tulip the caudex lies»elow the bulb; from whence proceed the fibrous roots and the new bulbs; the root, after it has flowered, dies like the orchis-root; for the ſiem of the laſt year's tulip lies on the outſide, and notimn the center of the bulb; which I am informed does not happen in the three or four firſt years when raiſed from ſeed, when it only pro- duces a ſtem, and fender leaves without Howering. Inthe tulip- root, diſſc&ed in the early ſpring, juſt before it begins to ſhoot, a perfe& flower is ſeen in its center; and between the firſt and ſecond coat the large next ycar's bulb 15, I believe, produced; between the ſecond and third coat, and between this and the fourth coat, and perbaps further, other leſs and leſs bulbs are viſible, all adjoining to the caudex at the bottom of the mother bulb; and which, 1 am told, require as many years before they will flower, as the number of the coats with which they are covered. This annual reprodudion of the tulip-root induces (ome floriſts to believe that tulip-roots never die naturally, as
they loſe ſo few of them; whereas the hyacinth-roots, 1 am in-
31

NTo T7 CÄANTOo IE DSHZE: PL: A N>T-S. 147 ne, 90 wings the wounded Deer her headlong flight, Pierced by ſome ambuſh d archer of the night, ICreaſes, but alſo formed, will not laſt above five or ſeven years after they have 1e pro- fowered.; | r00ts,"The hyacinth-root differs from the tulip-root, as the ſtem of jot yet the laſt year's flower is always found in the center of the root, his lies and the new off-ſets ariſe from the caudex below the bulb, but be new not beneath any of the concentric coats of.the root, except the 19w She external one: hence Mr. Eaton, an ingenious floriſt of Derby, 7 bulbs; to whom I am indebted for moſt of the obſervations in this note, (ehe concludes, that the hyacinth-root does not periſh annually after 08 1t has flowered like the tulip. Mr. Eaton Zave me a tulip-root 15060 which had been ſet too deep in the earth, and the caudex had is elongated itſeif near an inch, and the new bulb was formed aboye 0 the old one, and detached from it, inſtead of adliering to its fide. ; SECHAUETINIOTFeSTORN OTH EN OP XUN: ub"The caudex of the ranunculus, cultivated by the foriſts, lies 7 + above the claw-like root; in this the old root or claws die annu- ZE |; ally, like the tulip and orchis, andthe new claws, which are ſcen | above the old ones, draw down the caudex lower into the earth. ; ? 7. The ſame is ſaid to happen to Scabioſa, or Devil's bit, and ſome 4077 other plants, as valerian and greater plantain; the new fibrous 421 roots riſing round the caudex above the old ones, the inferior end Ni of the root becomes ſtumped, as if cut oßi, after the old fibres are DE decayed, and the caudex is drawn down into the earth by theſe ly, Dew roots. vee Arum and Tulipa. am 10-
1742

EE Ste FSi VR IEE SENSI
148 TIONS"OF Canro IT
Shoots to the woodlands with her bounding fawn, And drops of blood bedew the conſcious lawn; There hid in ſhades ſhe ſhuns the cheerful day,
Hanss o'er her young, and weeps her life away. ) P 3
So ſtood Eliza on the wood-crown'd height, O'er Minden's plain, ſpedatreſ of the fight, 2709 Sought with bold eye amid the bloody ftrife Her dearer ſelf, the partner of her lite;
From hill to hill the ruſhing hoft purſued,
And view'd his banner, or believed ſbe view d.
Pleaſed with the diſtant roar, with quicker tread
Faſt by his hand one liſping boy ſhe led;
And one fair girl amid the loud alarm
Slept on her kerchief, cradled by her arm;
While round her brows bright beams of Honour dart, 279
And Love's warm eddies circle round her heart.
„-Near and more near the intrepid Beauty preſs d,
Saw through the driving ſmoke his dancing ereft;

Pm enn EEN
NT 7], CanTo III. DIHE:: PANZDS. 149 9 fawn, Saw on his helm, her virgin-hands inwove,
wn; Bright ſtars of gold, and myſtic knots of love; day, Heard the exulting ſhout,“ They run! they Way, run!"
«Great Gop.l""-Mhe cried,“He's ſafet the bats
tle's won!"
>.
tt,---A ball now hifles through the airy tides, 879(Some Fury wing d it, and ſome Demon guides!) 4 Parts the fine locks, her graceful head that deck, 1 Wounds her fair ear, and(inks into her neck; 292 1 wd. The red ſtream, iffuing from her azure veins,)| read Dyes her white veil, her ivory boſom ſains.---|' „=< Ah: mes?„She cried,, and: finking-on. the B ground,| Kiſßs'd her dear babes, regardleſs of the wound; 4 3 onour<< Oh, ceaſe not yet to beat, thou Vital Urn![ 279<< Wait, guſhing Life, oh, wait my Love sreturn!| eart,«<« Hoarſe barks the wolf, the vulture ſcreams) reßd, from far!---|| el«« The angel, Pity, huns the walks of war!-- 4|
IS 3

y v NEE nn EEE. WERE ee SEn Wen I SHE
„yu:
I50 LFONVBESS OF CANTo III.
<< Oh, ſpare, ye War-hounds, ſpare their tender age!--
< On me, on me," Me cried,“ exhauſt your 472
rage!'-- 300
Then with weak arms her weeping babes careſs d,
And, ſighing, hid them in her blood-ſtain'd veſt.
From tent to tent the impatient warrior flies,
Fear in his heatt, and frenzy in his eyes;
Eliza's name along the camp he calls,
Eliza echoes through the canvas walls;
Quick through the murmuring gloom his foot- ſteps tread,
O'er groaning heaps, the dying and the dead,
Vault o'er the plain, and in the tangled wood,
Lo! dead Eliza weltering in her blood!-- zt0
---Soon hears his liſtening fon the welcome ſounds,
With open arms and ſparkling eyes he bounds:---
“« Speak low," he cries, and gives his little hand,
<< Eliza ſleeps upon the dew-cold land;

foot-
CXETO UL EHE PIPAN TD S. ISI
«« Poor weeping babe with bloody fnzers preſs'd,
<< And tried with pouting lips her milkleſs breaſt;
<< Alas! we both with cold and hunger quake--
< Why do you weep?--Mamma will ſoon awake."
.< Shell wake no more!" the hopeleſs mourner cried,
Upturn'd his eyes, and claſp:d his hands, and ſigh d: 3,20
Stretch'd on the ground awhile entranc d he lay,
And preſs d warm kiſſes on the lifeleſs clay;
And then upſprung with wild convulüve ſtart;
And all the Father kindled in his heart;
« Oh, Heavens!" he cried,“ my firſt raſh vow FO LOPSIVE;
« Theſe bind to earth, for theſe I pray to live!--
Round his chill babes he wrapp'd h1s crimlon velt,
And claſp d them ſobbing to his aching breaſt.
Tzvo Harlot-Nymphs, the fair CvscvTAs, pleaſe
With labour'd negligence, and ſtudied eaſe; 339
Cuſcuta. 1. 329. Dodder. Tour males, two females. This
EE: 4

- GRETE 8 ene
1
152 FONES- OF CanTo Ill.
In the meek garb of modeſt worth diſguiſed, The eye averted, and the ſmile chaſtiſed,
paraſite plant(the ſeed ſplitting without cotyledons) protrudes a ſpiral body, and not endeavouring to root itſelf in the earth, aſcends the vegetables in its vicinity, ſpirally W.S. E. or con- trary to the movement of the ſun; and abſorbs its nouriſhment by veſſels apparently inſerted into its ſupporters. It bears no leaves, except here and there a ſcale, very ſmall, membraneous, and elole under fhe branch) Lin. Spec. Plant. edit.a Reichard.
„1“
Wolk Wp. 252. be Rey: Martyn in his elegant letteisom botany, adds, that, not content with ſupport, where it lays hold, there it draws its nouriſhment; and, at length, in gratitude for all this, ſtrangles its entertainer. Letter xv. A conteſt for air and light obtains throughout the whole vegetable world; ſhrubs riſe above herbs, and, by precluding the air and light from them, injure or deſtroy them; trees ſuffocate or incommode ſhrubs; the paraſite climbing plants, as Ivy, Clematis, incommode the taller trees; and other paraſites, which exiſt without having roots on the ground, as Miſletoe, Tillandfia, Epidendrum, and the moſſes and funguſſes, incommode them all.
Some of the plants with voluble ſtems aſcend other plants ſpirally eaſt-ſouth-weſt, as Humulus, Hop, Lonicera, Honey- ſuckle, Tamus, black Bryony, Helxine. Others turn their ſpiral ſtems weſt-ſouth-eaſt, as Convolvulus, Corn-bind, Phaſeolus, Kidney-bean, Baſella, Cynanche, Euphorbia, Eupatorium. The proximate or final cauſes of this difference have not been in- veſtigated. Other plants are furniſhed with tendrils for the pur-
poſe of climbing: if the tendril meets with nothing to lav hold
C+€

No 1,
otrudes earth, * CON ment 13 00 eous, hard, 13 00 hold,
8 for
CanNTo Il, TE PE ANT S; 153
With ſly approach they ſpread their dangerous charms,
And round their victim wind their wiry arms.
So by Scamander when La0C00N ſtood,
Where Troy's proud turrets glitter'd in the flood,
Raiſed high his arm, and with prophetic call
To ſhrinking realms announced her tfated fall;
Whirl'd his fierce ſpear with more than mortal
force, 339 And pierced the thick ribs of the echoing horſe;
of in its firſt revolution, it makes another revolution; and ſo on
till it wraps itſelf quite up like a cork-ſcrew: hence, to a care-
leſs obſerver, it appears to move gradually backwards and for-
wards, being ſcen ſometimes pointing eaſtward and ſometimes weſtward. One of the Indian grafles, Panicum arboreſcens, whoſe ſtem is no thicker than a gooſe-quill, riſes as high as the talleſt trees in this conteſt for light and UD DECH BIANTASE chard, Vol. I. p. 161. The tops of many climbing plants are tender from their quick growth; and, when deprived of their acrimony by boiling, are an agreeable article ot food. Ihe Hop-tops are in common uſe. I have eaten the tops of white Bryony, Bryonia alba, and found them nearly as grateful as Aſ- paragus, and think this plant might be profitably cultivated as an early garden-vegetable. The Tamus(called black Bryony)
was leſs agrecable to the taſte when boiled. See Galanthus.
3

I em an I ee EE. emen GHZ GZT <<
1.50 TONES OF
Two Serpent-forms incumbent on the main,
Laſhing the white waves with redundant FN:
Arch'd their blue necks, and ſhook their tower- 1195:+Creſts;
And plough'd their foamy way with ſpeckled breaſts;
Then, darting fierce amid the aftrighted throngs,
BOA“ Bein red“ eyes. and mot Heir Aorkef tONngues.=
--Two daring youths to guard the hoary fire,
"Phwart their dread progreis, and provoke their irc.
Round ſire and ſons the ſcaly monſters roll'd,
Ring above Ne In many a tangled fold, 250
Cloſe and more cloſe their writhing limbs ſar- round,
And fix with foamy teeth the envenom'd wound.
--With brow upturn'd to heaven the holy Sage
In ſilent agony ſuſtains their rage;
While each fond Youth, in vain, with piercing Cr1es
Bends on the tortured Sire his dying eyes.
CAaNTo INI.

CanTo IIL. RIEN PACTNENZE S- 1155
« Drink deep, ſweet youths," ſfeductive ViT1s Cries,
The maudlin tear-drop glittering in her eyes; Green leaves and purple cluſters crown ber head, And the tall Thyrſus ſtays her tottermg trad): 2390 --Five hapleſs ſwains with loſt alluaſive ſmiles The harlot meſhes in her deathful toils; «« Drink: deep?" Me“"darols, as ſhe waves in air The mantling goblet,“ and forget your care.-- O'er the dread feaſt malignant Chemia ſcowls,
And mingles poiſon in the nedtar d bowls;
1866, NE ZSE Vine. Five males, one female. The juice of the ripe grape is a nutritive and agrecable food, confilting chiefly of ſugar and mucilage. The chemical proceſs of fermentation converts this ſugar into ſpirit; converts food into poiſon And ;t has thus become the curſe ofthe Chriſtian world, producing more than half of our chronical diſeaſes; which Mahomet ob- ſerved, and forbade the uſe of it to his difeiples. The Ara- bians invented diſtillation; and thus by obtaining the ſpirit of fermented liquors in a leſs diluted ſtate, added to its deſtructive quality. A Theory of the Diabetes and Dropfſy, produced by drinking fermented or ſpirituous liquors, 18 explained in a Trea- tſe on the inverted motions of the lymphatic ſyſtem, publiihed
by Dr. Dawn:" Gadell!
/ |
4 H =| y 4 4 NJ j | |

A THREE man, mare nm
156 FONS OE CaxTo II. Fell Gout peeps grinning through the flimſyſcene, And bloated Dropſy pants behind unſeen;
Wrapp'd in his robe white Lepra hides his ltains,
And ſilent Frenzy writhing bites his chains. 372
So when PROMETHEUS brav'd the Thunderer's ire,
Stole from his blazing throne ethereal fre,
Prometheus. 1. 371. The ancient ſtory of Prometheus, who concealed in his bofom the fire he had ſtolen, and afterwards had a vulture perpetually gnawing his liver, affords ſo apt an al- Jegory for the efe&s of drinking ſpirituous liquors, that one fhould be induced to think the art of diſtillation, as well as ſome other chemical procefles(fuch as calcining gold), had been known in times of great antiguity, and loft again. The ſwal- Jowing drams cannot be better reprefented in hieroglyphic lan- guage than by taking fire into one's boſom; and certain it is, that the general effect of drinking fermented or ſpirituous liquors 35 an inflamed, ſcirrhous, or paralytic Liver, with its various cri- ucal or conſeguential diſeaſes, as leprous eruptions on the face, gout, dropſy, epilepſy, inſanity. It is remarkable, that all the diſeaſes from drinking ſpirituous or fermented liquors are lia- ble to become hereditary, even to the third generation, gradu-
ally inercaſing, if the cauſe be continued, till the family becomes
Sei E xtin.

170 11] 0 OANTO EEE AHEE PLANT S. L57 YiCene ).. And, lantern'd in his breaſt, from realms of day, Ja: Bore the bright treaſure to his Man of clay;-- 2118, High on cold Caucaſus by VULCAN bound, 3/2;;: The lean impatient Vulture Duttering round, ? His writhing limbs in vain he twifts and ſtrains erer s "Do break or looſe the adamantine chains. The gluttonous bird, exulting in his pangs, Pears his ſwoln liver with remorſeleſs fangs. 380 18, who ward The gentle CYcLAMEX with dewy eye tan al,.. Breathes o'er her lifeleſßs babe the parting gh; at one Sfome been Cyclamen. 1. 181. Shew-bread, or Show-bread. When the 0 feeds are ripe, the ſtalk of the flower gradually twiſts itſelf ſpi- fh- rally downwards, til] it touches the ground, and forcibly pene- iis trating the earth lodges.its ſeeds, which are thought to receive nouriſhment from the parent root, as they are ſaid not to be 1018 P Y 2 made to grow in any other ſituation» face, The Trifolium ſuübterraneum, ſubterraneous trefoil, is ano- 1 the ther plant which buries its ſeeds, the globular head of the ſeed „ſa penetrating the earth; which, however, in this plant may be u only an attempt to conceal its ſeeds from the ravages of birds; for db there is another trefoil, the Trifolium Globoſum, or globular
woolly-headed trefoil, which has a curious manner of conceal-

Autan- xs ei eÄREEN zmn 1 SEAR 28
rt Sai m
au Un Nr 7-20 -.--=
uyewÖienneezeeniſttäzuqemne-e:reneeens ww»cnr
I 58 ENES OF CanTo IIL
And, bending low to earth, with plous hands
Inhumes her dear Departed in the fands.
“ Sweet Nurſling! withering in thy tender hour,
<< Qi ſleep,"Meeries“and re afairer flower!" --Sowhenthe Plague o erLondon'sgaſping crowds Shook her dank wing, and ſteer'd her murky Clouds; When oer the friendleſs bier no rites were read, No dirge flow-chaunted, and no pall out-ſpread; While Death and Night piled up the naked throng, And Silence drove their ebon cars along; 392 91x lovely daughters, and their father, ſwept To the throng'd grave CLEONE ſaw, and wept; Her tender mind, with meck Religion fraught, Drank all-refign'd AMidtion's bitter draught; Alive and hiſtening to the whiſper'd groan
Of other's woes, unconſcious of her own!--
ung Hs feeds; the lower forets- have corols, and are fertile; the upper ones wither into a kind of wool, and, forming a
bead, compleatly conceal the fertile calyxes, Lin. Spec, Plant.
Reichard.

CanTo.II. SES PR AINZSIES: 159 One ſmiling boy, her laſt ſweet hope, ſhe warms Huſh'd on her boſom, circled in her arms.=- 400
Daughter of woe! ere morn, in vain careſs d,
„
ZJlung the cold babe upon thy milkleis breaſt,
With feeble cries thy laſt ſad aid required,
Stretch'd its iff limbs, and on thy lap expired!--
--Long with wide eye-lids on her child ſhe gazed,
And-?7lons:+0; Heayven:their„tearlels:5orbs:ſle rauled;
Then with quick foot and throbbing heart ſhe
found
Where Chartreuſe open'd deep his holy ground;
Where Chartreuſe. 1. 408. During the plague in London, 1665, one pit to receive the dead was dug in the Charter-houſe, 40 feet long, 16 feet wide, and about 20 feet deep; and in two weeks received 1114 bodies. During this dreadful calamity there were inſtances of mothers carrying their own children to thoſe public graves, and of people delirious, or in deſpair from the loſs of their friends, who threw themſelves alive into theſe pits. Journal of the plague-year in 1665, printed for E, Nutt, Royal
Exchange.

ee ename Warme ESE
1695 TONES Or CanTo M.
Bore her laſt treaſure through the midnightgloom, And kneeling dropp'd it in the mighty tomb; 4109 e« 1] follow next!" the frantic mourner ſaid,
And living plung'd amid the feſtering dead.
Where vaſt Ontario tolls his brineleſs tides, And feeds the trackleſß foreſts on his ſides,
Fair Cass14a trembling hears the howling woods,
And truſts her tawny children to the floods.
Rolls his brineleſs tide. 1. 413. Some philoſophers have be- Lieved that the continent of America was not raiſed out of the great ocean at ſ0 early a period of time as the other continents. One reaſon for this opinion was, becauſe the great lakes, perhaps nearly as large as the Mediterranean Sea, conſiſt of freſh water. And as the ſea-falt ſeems to have its origin from the deſtruction of vegetable and animal bodies, waſhed down by rains, and car- ried by rivers into lakes or ſeas; it would ſeem that this ſource of ſca-ſalt had not ſo long exiſted in that country. There 15, however, a more ſatisfadtory way of explaining this circum- ance; which is, that the American. lakes lie above the level of the ocean, and are hence perpetually deſalited by the rivers which run through them; which is not the caſe with the Me-
diterranean, into which a current from the main ocean perpe- tually paſles.
Caſſia. 1. 415. Ten males, one female. Ihe ſeeds are
le
DE er Shen mf

NT 11. CaNnTo Id. TE: SPG ACNIT S. 161
Oloom, Cin&ured with gold while zen fond brothers ſtand, p ; 410 And guard the beauty on her native land,| "
black, the ſtamens gold-colour. This is one of the American ; fruits, which are annually thrown on the coaſts of Norway; and are frequently in ſo recent a ſtate as to vegetate, when pro- perly taken care of, The fruit of the anacardium, caſhew-nut; of cucurbita lagenaria, bottle-gourd; of the mimoſa ſcandens, Cocoons; of the piſcidia erythrina, log-wood-tree; and cocoa- 70043, nuts are enumerated by Dr. Tonning,(Amzn. Acad. 149.) amongſt theſe emigrant ſeeds. The fa& is truly wonderful, and
] I
cannot be accounted for but by the exiſtence of under currents
5) Bk 1 ]
in the depths of the ocean; or from vortexes of water paſſing have be« c'!'
from one country to another through caverns of the earth. E4 the oir Hans Sloane has given än account oi f four kinds of ſeeds 090en6, which are frequently thrown by the ſea upon the coaſts of the perhaps iſlands of the northern parts of Scotland. Phil. Tranſ. abridged,
)
4 Vol. III. p. 540, which ſeeds are natives of the Weſt Indies, and EM ſeem to be brought thither by the gulf-ſream deſcribed below. ndaar- One of theſe is called, by Sir H. Sloane, Phaſeolus maximus pe- Svurce rennis, which is often thrown alſo on the coaſts ot Kerry in Ire- 4 3 Jand; another is called in Jamaica Horſe-eye-bean; and a third IB is called Niker in Jamaica. He adds, that the Lenticula marina, . u or Sargoſlo, grows on the rocks about Jamaica, is carried by'the IUS winds and current towards the coaſts of Florida, and thence into he Me- the North-America ocean, where it lies very thick on the ſur-
1 perpe“ face of the ſea.
Thus a rapid current paſſes from the gulf of Florida to the
eds art PART II. M
Demi 39(SS- bere BEE

162 TZ OSVIENS ZO: GANTO 11.
Soft breathes the gale, the current gently moves,
And bears to Norway's coaſts her infant loves.
N. E, along the coaſt of North-America, known to ſeamen by the name ofthe GULF-STREAM. A chartof this was publiſh- ed by Dr. Franklin in 1768, from the information principally of Capt. Folger. This was confirmed by the ingenious expe- riments of Dr. Blagden, publiſhed in 1781, who found that the water of the gulf-ſtream was from ſix to eleven degrees warmer than the water of the ſeca through which it ran; which muſt have been occafioned by its being brought from a hotter cli- mate. He aſcribes the origin of this current to the power of the trade-winds, which, blowing always in the ſame direction, carry the waters of the Atlantic ocean to the weſtward, till they are opped by the oppoſing continent on the weſt of the Gulf of Mexico, and are thus accumulated there, and run down the Gs.6€. Flonda: EhleſmManii.np: 235.*(GOVErnOr Pownal has given an elegant map of this Gulf-fream, tracing it from the Gulf of Florida northward as far as Cape Sable in Nova Scotia, and then acroſs the Atlantic ocean to the coaſt of Africa, between the Canary Iſlands and Senegal, increaſing in breadth, as it runs, till it occupies five or ſix degrees of latitude. "The Governor likewiſe aſcribes this current to the force of the trade- winds profruding the waters weſtward, till they are oppoſed by the continent, and accumulated in the Gulf of Mexico. He very ingeniouſly obſerves, that a great eddy muſt be produc-
.ed in the Atlantic ocean between this Gulf-Itream and the

M 2
4
"No I CaNTo III.“mH SPS AN TS. 1Ö3 Moves, 3 4--So the ſad mother at the noon of night 421 169. From bloody Memphis ſtole her ſilent flight; Wrapp'd her dear babe beneath her folded veſt , 4%, men y s Z MITE And claſp'd the treaſure to her throbbing breaſt, 11h- cipally With ſoothing whiſpers huſh'd its feeble cry, - Preſs'd the ſoft kiſs, and breath'd the ſecret ſigh.-- hat the: Fi „With dauntleß! ſtep She ſeeks tbe winding armer|“ 1 muſi thore, n| er el Hears unappal'd the glimmering torrents roar; 4 7 ofthe Di 3 0, Carry 4| hey are weſterly current protruded by the tropical winds, and in this Du ulf of eddy are found the immenſe fields of floating vegetables, called 4| Wai Saragoſa weeds, and Gulf weeds, and ſome light woods, which ja cairzulate in theſe valt eddies, or are occaſionally driven out of zun them by the winds. Hydraulic and Nautical Obſervations by iE 3 Governor Pownal, 1787. Other currents are mentioned by the ſtef Governor in this ingenious work, as thoſe in the Indian 9ea, 00 northward of the line, which are aſcribed to the influence of the | in Monſoons. It is probable, that in proceſs of time the narrow tue, M tra& of land on the weſt of the Gulf of Mexico, may be worn tas N. k a away by this elevation of water daſhing againſt it, by which this[j AI7 immenſe current would ceaſe to exiſt, and a wonderful change 4 7 take place in the Gulf of Mexico and Weſt-Indian iſlands, by;| roduc the ſubſiding ofthe ſea, which might probably lay allthoſe lands|. d the into one, or join them to the continent.:'

OF CANTo IIE
NN|- DON-E:S With Paper-flags a Roating cradle weaves, And hides the ſmiling boy in Lotus-leaves; 439
Gives her white boſom to his eager lips,
'The ſalt-tears mingling with the milk he ſips; Waits on the reed-crown'd brink with pious guile,
And truſts the ſcaly monſters of the Ne=
--Erewhile majeſtic from his lone abode, Zmbaſſador of Heaven, the Prophet trod;
Wrench'd the red ſcourge from proud Oppreſ-
ſion 8 hands,
And broke, curſft Slavery! thy iron bands.
Hark! heard ye not that piercing cry,
Which ſhook the waves and rent the ſky?-- 440
E'en now, e en now, on yonder Weſtern ſhores Weeps pale Deſpair, and writhing Anguilh roars: E'en now in Afric's groves with hideous yell
Fierce SLAVERY Kiaalks, and ſps the dogs of hell;
From vale to vale the gathering cries rebound O cs,
And ſable nations tremble at the ſound!

N70 TE
preſ-
140
Cs
US:
tell; 1,
GEHE- THE PLANTS. 165 --“-YE BANDS OF SENATORS! whoſe ſuffrage (ways Britannia's realms, whom either Ind obeys; Who right the injured, and reward the brave, Stretch your ſtrong arm, for ye have power to ſave! 450 Throned in the vaulted heart, his dread reſort, Inexorable CoONSCIENCE holds his court; With ſtill ſmall voice the plots of Guilt alarms, Bares his maſk'd brow, his lifted hand difarms; But, wrapp'd in night with terrors all his own, He ſpeaks in thunder, when the deed 1s done. Hear him, ye Senates! hear th1s truth ſüblime, “ HE, WHO ALLOWS OPPRESSION, SHARES THE
CRIME."
No radiant pearl, which creſted Fortune wears, No gem, that twinkling hangs from Beauty's ears, Not the bright ſtars, which Nights blue arch
adorn, 461 Nor riſing ſuns that gild the vernal morn,
M 3
| EE r 4 EE *' u NS 1 5 «x "Ä T

en ne ÄN G< 40I<<<<< LZ<<=“ SE SSSSENSSSNSE IERT HEEIE IEEN BUSEN ANER SEIEN
TT ONE:5, Ec: CaxTo III,
(Od)
15
Shine with ſuch luſtre as the tear, that Hows
rere'--,,A,MmMMmmn NEE
Down Virtue's manly check for others woes. N
Here ceaſed the MvSsE, and dropp d her tunec-| ful hell,|
Tumultuous woes her panting boſom well,|
O'er her fluſh'd chcek her gauzy veil ſhe throws, iw
Folds herwhite arms, and bends her laurel'd brows;| For human guilt awhile the Goddeſs ſighs, 3
And human ſorrows dim celeſtial eyes. 4792
/

NTO TU
)Ws
„
Jes,
fune«
PNF EE BR Di UD WM:
Bookſeller. POETRY has been called a ſiſfter- art both to Painting and to Muſic; I wiſh to
know, what are the particulars of their relation-
up?
Poet. It has been already obſerved, that the prin- clpal part of the language of poetry conſiſts of thoſe words, which are expreflive of the ideas, which we originally receive by the organ of ſight; and in this it ncarly indeed reſembles painting; which can exprefs itſelf in no other way, but by exciting the idcas or ſenſations belonging to the ſenſe of viſion, But beſides this eflential imili- tude in the language of the poetic pen and pencil, theſe two ſiſters reſemble each other, 1f I may ſo ſay, in many of their habits and manners. The painter, to produce a ſtrong effect, makes a few parts of his picture large, diſtin&, aad luminous,
| M4
O<< c a ux ENEN- ZZ SEEN een<< ENE EEE mn 1 an CSE
s= 6 KEES ES R RE IE SER UIT
KE AUNIWEREGEEE I DER IMES PEI
|
1
ej vb (| | ; 1] 4 ||
zds WIR gÄ
FL Sr

-.. > cr eden en
IG DRANONEPETT DOEN PEEEDOEP EINIGEN RENIN OE BARD DIRE,
=<> Ingen 4 FEINEN u..." jr Gi ee re-uesg zr Sd<< zwme
MEI DIL miel ---=====<===
168 INTERLUDE:
and keeps the remainder in ſhadow, or even be- neath its natural ſize and Colour, to SgIVC EMINENCE to the principal figure. This 13 ſimilar to the com- mon manner of poetfic compolition, where the
ſubordinate characters are kept down, to elevate
and give- to the hero or heroine of
THEIPICEEC.
In the ſouth aile of fbe Cathedral church at Lichfield, there 1s an antient monument of a re- cumbent figure; the head and neck of which lie on a roll of matting in a kind of niche or cavern 17 the wall; Ain about five feet diſtant horizon- tally in another opening or cavern in the wall are ſeen. the feet and ankles, with ſome folds of gar- ment, lying alfo on a matt; and though the in-
M
termediate ſpace 1s a ſolid tone-wall, yet the 1ma« gination ſupplies the deficiency, and the whole figure ſeems to exiſt before our eyes. Does not this reſemble one of the arts both of the painter and the poet? The former often ſhows a muſcular arm amidſt a group of figures, or an impaſſioned face; and, hiding the remainder of the body be- hind other obje&s, leaves the imagination to com-
plete it. The latter, deſcribing a ſingle feature or

UN/TERNBÜDE. 169
er; attitude in pi&ureſque words, produces before the . mind an image of the whole. 0 I remernber ſeeing a print, in which was re- 76 the preſented a hrivelled hand ſtretched through an devate iron'grate, in the ſtone floor of a prifon-yard, to ne of reach at a meß of porrage, which affected me with more horrid ideas of the diftreſs of the pri-- 'ch at-.tie dungeon below, than could have been ta 1e- perhaps produced by an exhibition of the whole ich lie perſon. And in the following beautiful ſcenery cavern from the Midſummer-night's Dream,(in which Il )71200« have taken the liberty to alter the place 06.4 al] are comma), the deſcription of the ſwimming ſtep gar- and prominent belly bring the whole figure be- e 111- fore our eyes with the diſtindtneis of reality. ma“|| 1ole| When we have laugh'd to ſee the ſails conceive, this| And grow big-bellied with the wanton wind; Which ſhe with pretty and with ſwimming gate, . Following her womb,(then rich with my young ular ſquire),; "ned Would imitate, and ſail upon the land. j; ' be-"m 5m: There is a third fiſter-feature, which belongs x eo both to the pidorial and poetic art; and that 1s| jan) | |
Sögel ure<<=. 1aEEDdEN

I90O ENZEGFHRT AUEN.
the making ſentiments and paſſions viſible, as it were, to the ſpectator; this is done in both arts by deſcribing or pourtraying the effeds or changes which thoſe ſentiments or paſſions produce upon the body. At the end of the unaltered play-of Lear, there 18 a beautitul example of poetic paint- ing; the old King 1s introduced as dying from grief for the loſs of Cordelia; at this criſis, Shake- ſpear, conceiwing the robe of the King to be held together by a claſp, repreſents him as only ſaying to an attendant courtier in a faint voice,“ Pray, Sir, undo this button,--thank you, Sir," and dies. Thusby- the art ofthe: pbet;he oppreſfion at the boſom of the dying King 1s made viſible, not de-
ſcribed in words.
B. What are the features, in which theſe
Siſter-arts do not refſemble cach other?
DP. The 3ingemous Bilhop Berkeley;*in"bis treatiſe on Viſion, a work of great ability, has evinced, that the colours which we ſce, are only a language ſüggeſting to our minds the ideas of lolidity and extenſion, which we had before re-
I
Sweet FZH EFI

le, as+ 1 arts by "hanges € Upon ay of paint- from hake- e held ſaying “Pray, d dies, at the ot de
heſe
bis
has only as Of
E Ib:
ceived by the ſenſe of touch. Thus when we view the trunk of a tree, our eye can only acquaint as with the colours:or Mades; and from the pre vious CXPCrICNCE of the ſenſe of touch, theſe ſug- geſt to us the cylindrical form, with the promi- nent or depreſſed wrinkles on it. From hence 1t appears, that there is the ſtriteſt analogy between colours„and. bunds;..a23.[/they are: botb; but.lan- guages, which do not repreſent their correſpon- dent ideas, but only ſuggeſt them to the mind from the habits or aſſociations of previous exXpe- ehe: It. 33 therefore reaſonable.;te conclude, that the more artificial arrangements of theſe two languages by the poct and the painter bear a ſim1- lar analogy.
But in one circumſftance the Pen and the Pencil differ widely from cach other, and that is the quantity of Time which they can include in their reſpective repreſentations. The former can un- ravcl a long ſeries of events, which may conſti- tutce the hiſtory of days or years; while the latter can exhibit only the actions of a moment. The Poet 15 happier in deſcribing ſucceſlive ſcenes; the Painter in repreſenting ſtationary ones: both have
their advantages.
ST ENEN IIEECDED,
nar Tr SSE: 7 SDI BE REISSEN
E87
Be=hräb<=<<E
» | F ! ; 8) 14 jw.4 | d j
GU EIER SPREE+ R UA RWE ES WIIRE REGIE EEN

172 ENGER EU DE:
Where the paſlions are introduced, as the Poet, on one hand, has the power gradually to prepare the mind of his reader by previous climad&eric circumſtances; the Painter, on the other hand, can throw ſtronger illumination and diſtindneſs on the principal moment or cataſtrophe of the action; beſides the advantage he has in ufing an univerſal language, which can be read in an in- ſtant of time. Thus when a great number of figures are all ſcen together, ſupporting or con- traſting each other, and contributing to explain or aggrandize the principal effet, we view a pidure with agreeable ſurpriſe, and contemplate it with unceaſing admiration. In the repreſentation of the ſacrifice of Jephtha's Daughter, a print done from a painting of Ant. Coypel, at one glance of the eye we read all the intereſting paſſages of the laſt a& of a well-written tragedy; 6 much poc- try 15 there condenſed into a moment of time.
B. Will you now oblige me with an account of the relationſhip between Poetry, and her other
iſter, Muſic?
P. In the poctiy of our language I dont.

INTERLUDE. 1.
(3
: Poet, think we are to look for any thing analogous to repare the notes of the gamut: for, except perhaps in eric a few exclamations or interrogations, we are at tand, liberty to raiſe or ſink our voice an octave or two inelßs at. pleaſure, witbout.altering'. the: ſenſe, ofthe the Werds, Hence; kudther poety.er preis. be ed » an in melodious tones of voIce, as 18 done in recita- br tivo, orl19: chaunfing,- it mut"depend j00.:the rof Ipeaker, not on the writer: for though words may con- be ſeleJted which are leſs harſh than others, that ino 18, which have fewer ſudden ffops or abrupt con- Ars ſonants amongſt the vowels, or with fewer ſibi- wi lant letters, yet this does not conſtitute melody, En which conſiſts of agrecable ſucceſlions of notes 58 referable to the gamut; or harmony, which con- ji:(ills of agrecable;combinations. of. them.„IF fhe M Chineſe language has many words of ſimilar artit- M culation, which yet ſignify different idea3, when
ſpoken in a higher or lower muſical note, as l0me
travellers afirm, it muſt be capable of much finer
ele&, 11: re pect to the audible part of poctry . than any language we are acqu: tainted with. AT There is however another aflinity, in which
e another af; poetry and muſic more nearly reſemble each other . nt 36 Midi u. wu= Mitte u 17 1m ten id

174 IN!TERLUDE:
than has generally been underſtood, and that 13 in their meaſure or time. There are but two kinds of time acknowledged in modern muſic, which are called /riple 1iime, and common time. The former of. theſe 18 divided by bars, each bar'con- taining three crotchets, or a proportional number of their ſubdiviſions into quavers and ſemiqua- vers. This kind of time 1s analogous to the mea- ſure of our heroic or jambic verſe. Thus the two following couplets are each of them divided into ſive bars of riple time, each bar conſiſting of two crotchets and two quavers; nor can they be divided into bars analogous to common time with- out the bars interfering with lome of the crotch-
ets,(9 a8 to divide them.
3 voft-warbling beaks| in each bright bloſf| ſom move, "4 And vo| cal roſebuds thrill| the inchanted grove,|
In theſe lines there is a quaver and a crotchet alternately in every bar, except in the laſt, in which lie in make two ſemiquavers; the e is ſup- poſed by Grammarians to be cut off, which any
one's ear will readily determine not to be true.
emmemeeeeeeeee eee

INTERLUDE: 175
at 13 15 .|+ Life buds or breathes| from Indus to| the poles, 4 And the| vaſt ſurface kind| les, as it rolls.| which The In theſe lines there is a quaver and a crotchet Cons alternately in the firſt bar; a quaver, two crotch- mber ets, and a quaver, make the ſecond bar. In the qua mrad Bar there 15/4'quaver,'a Crofchet, anda reit NCI after the crotchet, that is after the word poles, and the 6wo quavers begin the'next line. The fourth bar "ded confliſts of quavers and crotchets alternately. In ng of the'laſff bär there is a quaver, and a.reft after i6 ey be v1Z. after the word k/ndles; and then two quavers with- ama"ErFOFCNEN" VEn WIITIEANY" PCErCEIVE"LHC otch- truth of this, if you prick the muſical charadters above mentioned under the verſes. The common time of muſicians 13 divided into bars, each of which contains four crotchets, or a proportional number of their ſubdiviſion into qua- vers and ſemiquavers. This kind of muſical time het 18 analogous to the dadtyle yerſes of our language, , in the moſt popular inſtances of which are in Mr. ſup- Anſtie's Bath-Guide. In this kind of verſe the any bar a6es"not" begin Hl after-the Nrit Or ICCONA e, yJlable; and where the verſe 18 qUIEE COMPIELE,

GEHA ERUNG EIIIE iI. enor ES üben
176 IN LZERLVDE:
and written by a good ear, theſe fir ſyllables added to the laſt complete the bar, exadtly in this
alſo correſponding with many pieces of mulic;
» Yet| if one may gueß by the| ſize of his Calf, Sir, 4 He| weighs above twenty-three| ſtone and a half, Sir.
„ Maſter| Mamozet's head was not| finiſhed ſo ſoon, 74 For it| took up the barber a| whole afternoon.
In theſe lines each bar conſiſts of a crotchet, two quavers, another crotchet, and two more quavers: which are equal to four crotchets, and, like many bars of common. time: in: anufic, maybe ſübdivided into two in beating time without diſf- turbing the meaſure.
Enn
The following verſes from Shenſtone belong
likewiſe to common time:
„ Alriver or a ſea| 74 Was to him a diſh[ of tea, And a king| dom bread and butter.
The firſt and ſecond bars conſiſt each of a
GiOfCNEeb, a quayer, a crotchet, a quayer, a crotchet.

INFDERUD E: 179|; Ee The third bar conſiſts of a quaver, two crotchets, 4| ie 4 quaver; 2 crotchetf.. The laſt bar. is' not come 1 507 plete without adding the letter A, which begins| the firſt line, and then it conſiſts of a quaver, 2| j 4. crotchet, 4 Quaver, a CFOLCHE, two qUAVErs.|; „2 It muſt be obſerved, that the crotchets in triple| m time are in general played by muſicians ſlower|:] than thoſe of common time, and hence minuets|| are generally pricked in triple time, and country ſ) rotchet, dances generally in common time. So the verſes| 15; 0 more above related, which are analogous to /riple time; ts, and, are generally read ſlower than thoſe analogous to may be common time; and are thence generally uſed for out diſ- graver compcſitions. 1 ſuppoſe all the different kinds of verſes to be found in our odes, which belong have any meaſure at all, might be arranged under one or other of theſe two muſical times; allowing a note or two ſometimes to preccde the com- mencement of the bar, and occaſional reſts, as in muſical compoſitions: if this was attended to by thoſe who ſet poetry to muſic, it 1s probable the ſound and ſenſe would oftener coincide. Whether wo! h of 4: theſe muſical times.can be applied to the lyric and| rotchet, heroic verſes of the Greek and Latin poets, I do h':
PART II. N
[5 | |
Cid lien Klemm ie

1738 INTERLENDVDE: not pretend to determine; certain it 15, that the dadyle verſe of our language, when it is ended] with a double rhime, much reſembles the meaſure| of Homer and Virgil, except in the length of the) lines. 0 B. Then there 15 no relationſhip between the ſu other two of theſe fſfter-ladies, Painting and|f Muſic?| to | lig P. There is at leaſt a mathematical relation- p: | ſhip, or perhaps I ought rather to have ſaid a me- ü | taphyſical relationſhip, between them. Sir Haac ſ, Newton has obſerved, that thc breadths of the| kt ſeven primary colours in the Sun's image refracted| la by a priſm, are proportional to the ſeven muſical| eic notes of the gamut, or to the intervals of the|| eight ſounds contained in an odayve, that 18, pro-|| to! portional to the following numbers: m SO SEHE SSE I 205 ZU. 100g th Red. Orange. Yellow. Green. Blue. Indigo. Violet. lo an
74 T I
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nat the ended neaſure
1 Of the
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lation- | ame- r Iſaac of the rated uſical f the
, pro-
et.
INDE RTUN E: 179
Newton's Optics, Book I. part 2. prop. 3. and 6. Dr. Smith, in his Harmonics, has an explanatory note upon this happy diſcovery, as he terms it, of Newton: Sect4 Art: 7
From this curious coincidence, it has been pro- poſed to produce a luminous muſic, conſiſting of ſucceſlions or combinations of colours, analogous to a tune in reſpe& to the proportions aboye men- tioned. This might be performed by a ſtrong light, made by means of Mr. Argand's lamps, paſſing through coloured glaſles, and falling on a defined part of a wall, with moveable blinds be- fore them, which might communicate with the keys: of. a harpfichkord, and thus produce at the fame time viſible and audible muſic in uniſon with each other.
The execution of this idea is ſaid by Mr. Guyot to have been attempted by Father Caffel, without much ſuccels.
If this ſhould be again attempted, there 1s ano- ther curious coincidence between ſounds and cg- lours, diſcovered by Dr. Darwin, of Shrewſbury, and explained in a paper on what he calls Oczlar
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180 TK LERBFPIVDE.
Spectra, in the Philoſophical Tranſactions, Vol. LXXVI which might much facilitate the execu- Koniolit: In fins treatile the Dodor has demon- ſtrated, that we ſee certain colours, not only with greater eaſe and diſtin&neſß, but with relief and pleaſure, after having for lome time contemplated other certain colours; as green aſter red, or red after green; orange aſter blue, or blue after orange; yellow aſter violet, or violet after yellow. This. he ſhews, ariſes from the ocular ſpectrum Ob the colour laſt viewed coinciding with the irritation of the colour now under contemplation. Now as the pleaſure we receive from the ſenſation of me- lodious notes, independent of the previous alloc1- ations of agrecable 1deas with them, muſt ariſe from our hearing ſome proportions of ſounds after others more caſily, diſtinetly, or agrecably; and as there is a coincidence between the proportions of the primary colours, and the primary ſounds, if they may be ſo called; he argues, that the ſame Jaws muſt govern the ſenſations öf Both. Hh ms circumſtance, therefore, conſiſts the ſiſterhood of
Muſic and Painting; and hence they claim a night
eueren-ÖÖuznt BET ee rn» BERTIE

ns, Val, € exeen- demon- nly with lief and mplated |, or red orange; This, of the tation of Now 3 1 of me- ; alloc!- (t ariſe [5 after and as ions of nds, 1 he ſame
In th
rhood oa
ENFER EAU 9 127 IGI
to borrow metaphors from each other; muſicians to ſpeak of the brilliancy of ſounds, and the light and ſhade of a concerto; and painters of the har- mony of colours, and the tone of a pidure. Thus 1t 18 not quite ſo abſurd, as was imagined, when the blind man aſked if the colour ſcarlet was like the ſound of a trumpet. As the coincidence or oppoſition of theſe ocular fpedira,(or colours which remain in the eye after we have for ſome time contemplated a luminous objet) are more caſly and more accurately aſcertained, now their laws have been inveſtigated by Dr. Darwin, than the relicts of evaneſcent ſounds upon the ear; it is to be wiſhed that ſome ingenious muſician would further cultivate this curious field of ſcience: for it viſible muſic can be agrecably produced, it would be more eaſy to add ſentiment to it by re- preſentations of groves and Cupids, and ſleeping nymphs amid the changing colours, than is com-
monly done by the words of audible muſic?
B. You mentioned the greater lenzth of the verſes of Homer and Virgil. Had not theſe poets N 3
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1-<<=<20004 en fn m
182 IN ZEERTE DUDE:
great advantage in the ſuperiority of their lan-
guages compared to our own?
PP Hs; probable, that the introdudtion of ph1- loſophy into a country muſt gradually affect the language of it; as philoſophy converſes in more appropriated and abſtrated terms; and thus by degrees eradicates the abundance of metaphor, which is uſed in the more early. ages of lociety. Otherwiſe, though the Greek compound words have more vowels in proportion to their conſo- nants than the Engliſh ones, yet the modes of compounding them are leſs general; as"may“be ſeen by variety of inſtances given in the preface of the Tranſlators, prefixed to the SYSTEM OF VEGE- TABLES Dy tbe Lichfield Society; which happy property of our own language rendered that tranſ- lation of Linneus as exprefflive and as conciſe, per- haps more 10 than the original.
And in one reſpeet, I believe, the Engliſh lan- guage ferves the purpoſe of poetry better than the antient ones, 1 mean in the greater eaſe of. pro-
ducing perſonifications; for as our nouns have in

terr lan.
10f phi- es the n more hus by taphor, ſoc1ety. 1 words r confo- odes of nay be face of /EGE- 13ppY
tranſ-
Per
ſh lan- hanthe of pro“
have 10
LNC ER EUDE: 183
general no genders afixed to them in proſe-com- poſitions, and in the habits of converſation, they become eaſily perſonified only by the addition of
a maſculine or feminine pronoun, as,
Pale Melancholy fits, and round zer throws A death-like filence, and a dread repoſe. Pope's Abelard.
And ſecondly, as moſt of our nouns haye the arti- cle a or he prefixed to them in proſfe-writing and in converſation, they in general become per- ſonified even by the omiſlion of theſe articles; as in the bold figure of Shipwreck in Miſs Seward's Elegy on Capt. Cook:
But round the fieepy rocks and dangerous ſirand Rolls the white ſurf, and SHIP WRECK guards the land.
Add to this, that if the verſes in our heroic poetry be ſhorter than thoſe of the ancients, our words likewiſe are ſhorter; and in reſped to their meaſure or time, which has erroneouſly been called melody and harmony, 1 doubt, from what
N 4
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“ IE

' 184 PNZIIZEBSEEU DE,
has been ſaid above, whether we are ſo much in- ferior as is generally believed; ince many paſſages, which have been ſtolen from antient poets, have been tranſlated into our language without long
-
any thing of the beauty of the verſification. The
following line tranſlated from Juvenal by Dr.
Johnſon, is much ſuperior to the original: Slow riſes Worth by Poverty depreſs'd.
"Che original 13 33 follows:
Difficile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obflat Res anguſia domi.
B. 1 am-glad to- hear you acknowledge the thefts of the modern poets from the antient ones, whoſe works 1 ſuppoſe have been reckoned lawtful plunder in all ages. But have not you borrowed epithets, phraſes, and even half a line occaſionally
from modern poets?
P; HK'may be dificult to mark the exact

tat
INTERLUDE. 185
boundary of what Mould be termed plagiariſm: where the ſentiment and expre don are both bor- rowed without due acknowledgment, there can be no doubt;-fingle words, on the contrary, taken from other authors, cannot convidt a Writer
of plagia ariſm; they are lawful game, wild by na-
5...“ werf„-/ 76,
.'
LUrE, LNE PpYrOPeIty of all who can capture them; „Zaid perhaps: 2 few common flowers of ſpeech may be gathered, as WC pals over our neighbour s ;ncloſure, without ſtigmatiſing us with the title of thieves; but we muſt not t zerefore plunder his cultivated fruit.
The four lines at the end of the plant Upas are 'mitated from Dr. Young s Night"ChHouShts." Te line in the epiſode adjoined to Calla.“ Theralf << tear mingling Ww ith the milk he fips, 1s from an intereſting and humane paſlage» in Langhorn 1e Ss Juſtice of Pp eace,„There. are probably many
ober which it[ ceuld recolle& them, ſhould Here De acknawled7ed. As it is, like exotic plants, their mixture with the native ones, NHGopE, adds beauty to my Botanic c Garden: and ſuch as it is, Mr. Bookfeller, 1 now leave it to you to de-
4
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A WETEN
1 . | |? iE 1 4

186 INTERLUDE.
ſire the Ladies and Gentlemen to walk in; but pleaſe to apprize them, that, like the ſpectators at an unſkilful exhibition in ſome village-barn, I hope they will make Good-humour one of their party; and thus theirſelves ſupply the defe&s of
the repreſentation.

c 10; be
Üatorz;:
C-barn,| THE
of their
eh of| LOVES OF THE PLANTS.
CANT O0 IV.
NowW the broad Sun his golden orb unſhrouds, Flames in the weſt, and paints the parted clouds; O'er heaven's wide arch refraded luſtres flow, And bend in air the many-colour'd bow.-- The tunefal Goddeſß on the glowing ſky Fix'd in mute ecſtaſy her gliſtening eye;
And then her lute to ſweeter tones ſhc ſtrung, And ſwell'd with ſofter chords the Paphian ſong;
Long ailes of Oaks return'd the filver found, 9
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And amorous Echoes talk'd along the ground;
nare ie] IFEN
44 Gele aaf Rang n><

Wente
138 LEO NV EL SEO 1: GAÄNTO INE
Pleas d Lichfield liſten'd from ber ſacred bowersz,
Bow'd her tall groves, and[hook her ltately towers.
“<< Nymph! not for thee the radiant day returns,
Nymph! not for thee the golden ſolſtice burns
1D3
Refulgent(CEREA!--af fbe duſky hour
She ſeeks with penſive ſtep the mountain-bower,
PNcas 4 Lichfeld. 1: TD The ſcenery deſcribed at the be- ginningof the firſt part, or economy of vegetation, istaken from
a botanic garden about a mile from Lichfield.
(18a..1:.415.1 Cactus grandiflorus, or Cereus. Twenty males, one female. This flower is a native of Jamaica and Ve- raCHUX. It expands a moll exquiſitely beautiful corol, and emits a moſt fragrant odour for a few hours in the night, and then cloſes to open no more. The flower is nearly a foot in diameter; the inſide of the calyx of a ſplendid yellow, and the numerous petals of a pure white: it begins to open about ſeven or eight o'clock in the evening, and cloſes before ſun-riſe in the morning. Martyn's Letters, p. 294. The Ciſtus labdanife- rus, and many other flowers, loſe their petals after having been a few hours expanded in the day-time; for in theſe plants the
ſigma is ſoon impregnated by the numerous anthers: in INany

TO IV. CaNnTo 1V.“EE PES S- 189 '0werz, Bright as the bluſh of riſing morn, and warms (wen, The dull cold eye of Midnight with her charms. There to the ſkies he lifts her pencill d brows, 19 turns,| Opes her fair lips, and breathes her Virgin VOWS; m| Eyes the white zenith; counts the ſuns that roll Their diſtant fires, and blaze around the Pole; wer , flowers of the Ciſtus labdaniferus I obſerved two or three of the"4 3.: 4-47| 18 itamens were perpetually bent into'contact with the piſtil. is IN The Nydanthes, called Arabian Jaſmine, 18 another flower,) ) 4 which expands a beautiful corol, and gives out a moſt delicate; perfume during the night, and not in the day, in its native coun- 4 f try, whence its name; botanical philoſophers have not yet ex-| We lained this wonderful property; perhaps the plant ſleeps during | Ve- the day as ſome animals do; and its odoriferous glands only emit and their fragrance during the expanſion of the petals; that is, dur- and ing its waking hours: the Geranium triſte has the ſame property tin of giving up its fragrance only in the night. The flowers of the the Cucurbita lagenaria are faid to cloſe when the ſun ſhines even upon them. In our climate many flowers, as tragopogon, and ie hibiſcus, cloſe their flowers before the hotteſt part of the day niſe- comes on; and the flowers of ſome ſpecies of cucubalus, and 237 Silene, viſcous campion, are cloſed all day; but when the ſun 1,>- vy“- I>- 7 ah"2= 21 leaves them they expand, And emit a Very agrecable ſcent; 1:4 whence ſuch plants are termed noCtiflora.

190 LONDS 5 OF CanTo IV.
Or marks where Jove direds his aMrefieg car O'er Heaven's blue vault,--Herſelf a brighter Naar. =-There as ſoft zephyrs ſweep with pauſing airs Thy ſmowy neck, and part thy ſhadowy hairs, Sweet Maid of Night! to Cynthia's ſober beams Glows thy warm check, thy polifh'd boſom gleams. Tu crowds around thee gaze the admiring ſwains, And guard in filence the enchanted plains; zo Drop the ſtill tear, or breathe the impaſſion'd ſigh, And drink inebriate rapture from thine EYE: Thus when old Needwood's hoary ſcenes the Night Paints with blue ſhadow, and with muilky light; Where Muxpy pour'd, the liſtening nymphs among,
Loud to the echoing vales his parting ſong; With meaſured ſtep the Fairy Sovereign treads, Shakes her high plume, and glitters o'er the
meads;
PWhere Munay. 1. 35. Alluding to an unpubliſhed poem by F. N. C. Mundy, Eſq. on his leaving Needwood-Foreſt. See
the paſſage in the notes at the end of this yolume.
cilgin:

ANT0 IV, '(ar ter ſtar, 19 aurs 115, cams leams, 1115, 30 ſigh, Night ht; 1phs
9,
the
n by
See
CaxnTo IV. TT HSE PAL ANZES:- IQ1 Round each green holly leads her ſportive train, And little footſteps mark the circled plain; 40 Each haunted rill with ſilver voices rings,
And Nicht's ſweet bird in Iivelier accents ſings. es“S)
Ere the bright ſtar, which leads the morningſky, Hangs o'er the bluſhing eaſt his diamond eye, The chaſte TRoP4ao leaves her ſecret bed;
A ſaint-like glory trembles round her head:
Tropeolum. 1. 45. Majus. Garden Naſturtion, or greater Indian ereß. Fight males, one female: NhBß E. C. Linneus firſt obſerved the Tropgolum Majus to emit ſparks or flaſhes in the mornings before ſun-riſe, during the months of June or July, and alſo during the twilight in the evening, but not after total darkneſs came on; theſe ſingular ſcintillations were ſhewn to her father and other philoſophers; and Mr. Wilcke, a cele- brated ele&rician, believed them to be eleCtric. Lin. Spec. Plantar. p. 490. Swediſh As for the year 1762. Pulteney'"s View of Linneus, p. 220. Nor is this more wonderful than that the ele&ric eel and torpedo ſhould give voluntary ſhocks of ele&ricity; and in this plant perhaps, as in thoſe animals, it may be a mode of defence, by which it haraſles or deftroys the night- Aying inſe&s which infeſt it; and probably it may emit the
6

192 EON ES: O0:E CaNTo1V. Eight watchfal ſwains along the lawns of might With amorous fieps alen the virgin light; Q'er her fair form the eleCric luftre plays,
And cold ſhe moves amid the lambent biaze. 50
So ſhines the glow-fiy, when the ſun retires,
i: 5. Ze And gems the night-air with phoſphoric Hres; ſame ſparks during the day, which muſt be then inviſible. This
curious ſubject deſerve
|
5 further inveſtig EB: IEEE miguart 1NQCUCE
. like the Bo-
ii B. Wilſon, Dodſlev. The light of the evening, at the lame
| diſtance from noon, is much ater, as 1 have repeatedly ob-
EE EINE RE: GE Wee 04 SE 26:4 TEEN: ſerved, than the light of the morning; this is owing, 1 ſyppoie ?| EE iz)<<; IE„4."I ELT 11 Au 1 8 3 grezte Z to the phoſphoreſcent quality of almoſt all bodies, in a greate r Ol . 1 0 DIDI ER 268 108 HWE EIE(222 1 1E0 2[ESSL SEE HE- ieis degree, WHICH(nus) Uen urning the ſun-ihine, 1d , Di. EEN EE AP ONI SE ex DREHEN LSR INCR AC DEE NGEN; SASE EEE 1 GSi SIEBES F=(2,= EG Mi continue to emit 1t again ior lome time aiterwards, thnouzn not in x t|<“-“7 '- y-- | juch Se as fo produce 32pparent iCintiatons ihne neCc- | 1 5 GER eZ amnoled 16 be heel |; tary oi us piant grows irdom what 15 iuppoled to De te CalyX; | 8'!) | A IE ir EE p3-3, I ENES GELE» MEG m. Ei 1 we- EEE. |[3 but this ſuppoſed calyx is coloured; and perhaps, irom tüis Cir- zi 7“ | H I ENE ES EE SE EEE De Ei| cumſtance of its bearing the neCtary, ſhould rather be eſteemed a j!|;; ? zT u EE R a.| 3 AED ES 4x an 1 | part ofthe corol. See an additional note at the end of the poem
So /hines the glow-fy. 1. 51. In Jamaica, in ſome ſeaſons of
wet

le, This )Camnus, ont induce Ike the Bo- |] explained Phoſphor, t the ſame ated!y ob- ſuppole, reater Or ne, and hnotin
Zen he nec-
6 CAlyX;+
this cir“ teemed
e poem,
ſeaſons 0
CANTEO IV: ENIE PEUEFAHNZSTES: 192 Phus o'er the marſh aerial lights betray,
And charm the unwary wanderer from his Ways 90 when thy King, Aſyria, fierce and proud, Three human vidtims to his idol vow'd;
Rear'd a vaſt pyre before the golden ſhrine
Of ſulphurous coal, and pitch-exſuding pine;-- --Loud roar the flames, the iron noſtrils breathe, And the huge bellows pant and heave beneath; 60
1
Bright and more bright the blazing deluge flows,
And white with ſeven-fold heat the furnace glows. And now the Monarch hx'd with dread ſurpriſe Deep in the burning vault his dazzled eyes.
< Lo.! Three unbound amid the frightful glare,
«s Unſcorch'd their ſandals, and unfſing"d their hair!
the year, the fire-flies are ſeen in the evenings in great abundance. When they ſettle on the ground, the bull-frog greedily devours them; which ſeems to have given origin to a curious, though cruel, method of deſtroying theſe animals: if red-hot pieces of charcoal be thrown towards them in the duſk df the evening, they leap at them, and, haſtily ſwallowing them, are burnt to
death.
PÄREIN HO

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< And now a fourth with ſeraph-beauty bright << Deſcends, accoſts them, and outſhines the light! << Fierce flames innocuous, as they ſtep, retire! “< And ſlow they move amid a world of fre!" 50 He ſpoke,--to Heaven his arms repentant ſpread,
And kneeling bow'd his gem-incircled head.
wo Siſter-Nymphs, the fair AVENAS, lead
Their fleecy ſfquadrons on the lawns of Tweed;
Avena. 1. 73. Oat. The numerous families of graſſes have all three males, and two females, except Anthoxanthum, which gives the grateful ſmell to hay, and has but two males. The herbs of this order of vegetables ſupport the countleſs tribes of graminivorous animals. The ſeeds of the fmaller kinds of graſles, as of aira, poa, briza, ſtipa,&c. are the ſuſtenance of many ſorts of birds. The ſeeds of the large graſles, as of wheat, barley, rye, oats, ſupply food to the human ſpecies.
It ſeems to have required more ingenuity to think of feeding nations of mankind with ſo ſmall a ſeed, than with the potatoe of Mexico, or the bread-fruit of the ſouthern iſlands; hence Ceres in Egypt, which was the birth-place of our European arts,
was deſervedly celebrated amongſt their divinities, as well as
Oſyris, who invented the Plough,

NTO TV, CanTo IV. ACER PEPE AEN TES. 195 right;; . Paſs with light ſtep his wave-worn banks along, e lipht!?:: ; And wake his Echoes with their ſilver tongue; tire! AE Or touch the reed, as gentle Love inſpires, 144 2 2027 In notes accordant to their chaſte deſires. pread, 1. “ Sweet Ecno! ſleeps thy vocal ſhell, ;“ Where this high arch 0 erhangs the dell; 80 4 '“<“ While Tweed with ſun-refleting ſtreams ret;|; ““ Chequers thy rocks with dancing beams?-- (ſes have it 1, which t 5 The“« Here may no clamours harfh intrude, ibes of“< No brawling hound or clarion rude; nds of ce of Mr. Wahlborn obſerves, that as wheat, rye, and many of the vheat, grafles, and plantain, lift up their anthers on long filaments, and thus expoſe the encloſed fecundating duſt to be waſhed away by ceding the rains, a ſcarcity of corn is produced by wet ſummers; hence potatoe the neceſlity of a careful choice of ſeed-wheat, as that, which „hence had not received the duſt of the anthers, will not grow, though; an arts, it may appear well to the eye. The ſtraw of the oat ſeems to well zs have been the firſt muſical inſtrument, invented during the paſ-
toral ages of the world, before the diſcovery of metals. See note
on Ciſtus. O2

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156 WONZELIS? OEF CANBOHN: “« Here no fell beaſt of midnight prowl, «« And teach thy tortured cliffs to how!l!
I. << Be thine to pour theſe vales along « Some artleſs Shepherd's evening ſong; « While Night's ſweet bird, from yon high ipray
““« Reſponſive, liſtens to his lay. 90
NE: “« And if, like me, ſome love-lorn Maid « Should(ing her ſorrows to thy hade, << Oh, ſooth her breaſt, ye rocks around!
«« With fofteſt ſympathy of ſound."
From ozier bowers the brooding Halcyons pecp, The Swans purſuing cleave the glaſly deep,
On hovering wings the wondering Reed-larks play, And ſilent Bitterns liſten to the lay.--
Three hepherd-ſwaims beneath the beechen ſhades
Twine rival garlands for the tunetul maids; 108
zz - adä|

No IV.
ſpray 92
CP»
: play,
ſhades
106
CaNTo IV. YES. SPENT ACNSTS- 197
On each[mooth bark the myſtic love-knot frame,
Or on white fands inſcribe the favour'd name.
Green ſwells the beech, the widening knots im- prove,
So ſpread the tender growths of living love;
Wave follows wave, the letter d lines decay,
So Love's ſoft forms uncultured melt away.
From Time's remoteſt dawn where China brings In proud ſucceſſion all her Patriot-Kings; O er deſert-ſands, deep gulfs, and hills ſublime, ixtends her maſly wall from clime to clime; 1102 With bells and dragons creſts her Pagod-bowers, Her filken palaces, and porcelain towers; With long canals a thouſand nations laves; Plants all her wilds, and peoples all her waves; vlow treads fair CANNABIS the brcezy ſtrand,
The diſtaff ſtreams diſhevell'd in her hand;
Cannabis. 1. 115. Chineſe Hemp. Two houſes. Five males, A new ſpecies of hemp, of which an account is given
0 3
|] E. K 4 Hir] ( y M I ;
Bee Ihc

1938 15O0V.ES- OF CANTo IV.
Now to the left her 1vory neck inclines,
And leads in Paphian curves its azure lines; Dark waves the fringed lid, the warm check glows, And the Fair ear the parting locks diſcloſe; 120 Now to the right with airy ſweep ſhe bends, Quick join the threads, the dancing ſpole depends. -=-Five Swainsattracted guard the Nymph, byturns
Her grace inchants them, and her beauty burns;
by K. Fitzgerald, Eſq. in a letter to Sir Joſeph Banks, and which is believed to be much ſuperior to the hemp of other countries. A few ſeeds of this plant were ſown in England on the 4th of June, and grew to fourteen feet ſeven inches in height by the middle of O&ober; they were nearly ſeven inches In circumference, and bore many lateral branches, and produced very white and tough fibres. At ſome parts of the time theſe plants grew nearly eleven inches in a week.--Philoſ, Tranſ,
Wialk/1.2NIL. p. 46:
Paphian curves. 1. 118. In bis ingenious work, entitled, The Analyſs of Beauty, Mr. Hogarth believes that the triangu- lar glaſs, which was dedicated to Venus in her temple at Paphos, contained in it a line bending ſpirally round a cone with a cer- tain degree of curvature; and that this pyramidal outline and
ſerpentine curve conſtitute the principles of Grace and Beauty,

W8,
15,
08
CANTo:1V,“TEE- PRANSTS- 199
To each ſhe bows with ſweet aſluaſive ſmile,
Hears his ſoft vows, and turns her ſpole the while.
So when with light and ſhade, concordant ſtrife 1
Stern CLoTHo weaves the chequer'd thread of life;
Hour after hour the growing line extends, The cradle and the cofin bound its ends; 3130 Soft cords of ſlk the whirling ſpoles reveal, If ſmiling Fortune turn the giddy wheel; But if ſweet Love with baby-fingers twines, And wets with dewy lips the lengthening lines, IR after 1kein celeſtial tints unfold,
And all the filken tifflue ſhines with gold.
Warm with ſweet bluſhes bright GALANTHA
glows,
And prints with frolic ſtep the melting ſnows:
Galanthus,. 1. 137. Nivalis. Snowdrop. Six males, one female."The firſt lower that appears after the winter ſolſtice. See Stillingfleet's Calendar of Flora,
O 4
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vd Le
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Shale,
ng EISEL EGIT SELN Sin GEES ESE SEEN 253 wgfg fager

209 LONES OE CAaNTo IV.
Oer filent floods, white hills, and glittering ICAS:
81x rival ſwains the playful beauty leads, 148
Chides with her dulcet voice the tardy Spring,
Bids Numbering Zephyr ſtretch his folded WINS, vome ſnowdrop-roots taken up in winter, and boiled, had the inſipid mucilaginous taſte of the Orchis, and, if cured in the lame manner, would probably make as good ſfalep. The roots of the Hyacinth, I am informed, are equally infipid, and might be uſed as an article of food. Gmelin, in his hiſlory of Siberia, ſays the Martagon Lily makes a part of the food of that country, which is of the ſame natural order as the ſmowdrop. Some roots of Crocus, which I boiled, had a diſagreeable flavour.
"The dihculty of raifing the Orchis from ſeed has, perhaps, been a principal reaſon of its not being eultivated in this coun- try as an article of fogd. It is alirmed, by one of the Linnean School, in the Amcenit. Academ. that the ſeeds of Orchis will ripen, if you deſtroy the new bulb; and that Lily ofthe Valley, Convallaria, will produce many more ſeeds, and ripen them, if
the roots be crowded in a garden-pot, ſo as to prevent them from
producing many bulbs, Vol. VI, p. 120. It is probable either of'
theſe methods may ſucceed with theſe and other bulbous-rooted plants, as ſnowdrops, and might render their cultivation profit- able in this climate. The root of the aſphodelus ramoſus, branchy aſphodel, is uſed to feed ſwine in France; the ſtarch is
obtained from the alſtromeria lida, Memoires d*Agricult.

ots pht era, nem,
Some
CaNTo IV. WE HFE BSR EEASNZT FS. 501 Wakes the hoarfſe Cuckoo in his gloomy cave,
And calls the wondering Dormouſe from his grave, Bids the mute Redbreaſt cheer tbe budding grove,
And plaintive Ringdove tune her notes fo love.
Spring! with thy own ſweet ſmile and tune- ful tongue, Delighted BeL11s calls her infant throng. Lach on his reed aſtride, the Cherub-trauin 149 Watch her kind looks, and circle o'er the plain; Now with young wonder touch the ſliding ſnail, Admire his eye-tipp'd horns, and painted mail;
1+
Chaſe with quick ſtep, and eager arms outſpread, ] Pp 8 1
The pauſing Butterfly from mead to mead;
Bells prolifera. 1. 148. Hen and chicken Daiſy; in this beau- ful monſter not only the impletion or doubling of the petals takes place, as deſcribed in the note on Alcea; but a numerous circlet of leſs flowers on peduncles, or footſtalks, riſe from the ſides of the calyx, and ſurround the proliferous parent. The ſame occurs in Calendula, marigold; in Heracium, hawKk-weed;
and in Scabioſa, Scabious. Phil. Botan. p. 82.
EEE 3 79 WR REN SEREENE STEN as
| ie j | | 3

202 WONEFBs OF CANTo IV. Or twine green oziers with the fragrant gale, The azure harebel, and the primroſe pale,
Join hand in hand, and in proceſfſion gay
Adorn with votive wreaths the ſhrine of May. ---So moves the Goddeſs to the Idalian groves, And leads her gold-hair'd family of Loves. 160 Theſe, from the flaming furnace, ſtrong and bold Pour the red ſteel in many a fandy mould;
On tinkling anvils(with Vulcanian art),
Turn with hot tongs, and forge the dreadful dart;
The fragrant Gale, 1. 155. The buds of the Myrica Gale poſſeſs an agreeable aromatic fragrance, and might be worth at- tending to as an article of the Materia Medica. Mr. Sparman ſuſpeOs, that the green wax-like ſubſtance, with which at cer- tain times of the year the berries of the Myrica cerifera, or can- die-berry Myrtle, are covered, are depoſited there by inſes. It is ufed by the inhabitants for making candles, which he ſays burn rather better than thoſe made of tallow. Voyage to the Cape, V.1. p. 345. Du Valde gives an account of a white wax made by ſmall inſe&s round the branches of a tree in China in great quantity, which is there col'eCted for medical and econo- mical purpoſes. The tree is called Tong-tſin, Deſcript, of Ehina. Wor: PS220:

“GANTO01VS TEE FP TL AXNT S. 203
The barbed head on whirling jaſpers grind,
And dip the point in poiſon for the mind;
Each poliſh'dſhaft with ſnow-whiteplumagewing,
Or ſtrain the bow reludant to its ſtring.
Thoſe on light pinion twine with buſy hands,
Or ſtretch from bough to bough the flowery bands; 170
Scare the dark beetle, as he wheels on high,
Or catch in ſalken nets the gilded fly;
Call the young Zephyrs to their fragrant bowers,
And ſtay with kiſſes ſweet the Vernal Hours.
Where, as proud Maſſon riſes rude and bleak, And with misſhapen turrets creſts the Peak, Old Matlock gapes with marble Jaws, beneath, And o'er ſcar'd Derwent bends his flinty teeth; Deep in wide caves below the dangerous ſoil
Blue ſulphurs ame, imprifon'd waters boil. 189
Deep in wide caves. 1. 179. The arguments which tend to ſhew that the warm ſprings of this country are produced from
ſteam raiſed by deep ſübterraneous fires, and afterwards condenſed

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204 TZONZ ES O0 CANTo IV. Impetuous lteams in ſpiral columns riſe
Through rifted rocks, 1mpatient for the ſkies;
between the ſtrata of the mountains, appear to me much more concluſive than the idea of their being warmed by chemical com- binatons near the ſurface of the earth; for, iſt, their heat has kept acccurately the ſame perhaps for many centuries, certainly as long as we have been poſſefſled of good thermometers; which cannot be well explained, without ſuppoſingthat they are firſt in a boiling ſtate. For as the heat of boiling water is 212, and that of the internal parts of the earth 48, it is eaſy to underſtand, that the ſteam raiſed from boiling water, after being condenſed in ſome mountain, and paſſing from thence through a certain ſpace'of the cold earth, muſt be cooled always to a given degree; and it is probable the diſtance from the exit of the ſpring to the place where the ſteam is condenſed, might be guefled by the de- gree of its warmth.
2. In the dry ſummer of 1780, when all other ſprings were either dry or much diminiſhed, thoſe of Buxton and Matlock (as I was well informed on the ſpot) had ſuffered no diminution; which proves that the ſources of theſe warm ſprings are at great depths below the ſurface of the earth.
3. There are numerous perpendicular fiſfures in the rocks of Derbyſhire, in which the ores of lead and Copper are found, and which paſs to unknown depths, and might thence afford a paſſage
to ſteam from great ſubterraneous fires.
4. It theſe waters were heated by the decompoſition of Py=
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in
aYv

uch mops 102] com« beat has certainly ; which e firſt in 119, and verſtand, conlenled a certain n dept; ng tothe
yp the de-
8 were [atlock tion;
it great rocks of and, and
apallyge
1 01.0:
Cavro IV. T10E7 PIS NFDS: 205
Or o'er bright ſcas of bubbling lavas blow;
As heave and toſs the billowy fires below; Condenſed on high, in wandering rills they glide From Maſlon's dome, and burſt his ſparry ſide; Round his grey towers, and down his fringed walls, From cliff to cliff, the liquid treaſure falls;
In beds of ſtaladtite, bright ores among, 189 O'er corals, ſhells, and cryſtals, winds along; Cruſts the green moſies, and the tangled wood, And ſparkling plunges to its parent flood. --O'er the warm wave a Imiling youth preſides, Attunes its murmurs, its meanders guides,
(The blooming Fvcvs) in her ſparry coves
To amorous Echo fſings his /ecret loves,
rites, there would be ſome chalybeate taſte or ſulphureous ſmell
in them. See note in pait 1. on the exiſtence of central fires.
Fucus. 1. 195. Clandeſtine marriage. A ſpecies of Fucus, or of Conferva, ſoon appears in all baſons which contain water. Dr. Prieſtley found that great quantities of pure dephlogiſticat- ed air were given up in water at the points of this vegetable,
particularly intbe ſunſhine, and that hence it contributed to pre-
?
1 X? | ; 54 7)

206 EL'ONES: OF
CANTo IV, Bathes his fair forehead in the miſty ſtream, And with ſweet breath perfumes the riſing ſteam. --So, erſt, an Angel o'er Betheſda's ſprings, 199 Each morn deſcending, hook his dewy wings;
ſerve the water in rcſervoirs from becoming putrid, The mis
nute diviſions of the leaves of ſubaquatic plants as mentioned in
the note on Trapa, and of the gills of fiſh, ſeem to ſerve ano-
ther purpoſe beſides that of increaſing their ſurface, which has
not, I believe, been attended to, and that is to facilitate the ſepa- ration of the air, which is mechanically mixed or chemically diffolved in water by their points or edges; this appears on im-
merſing a dry hairy leaf in water freſh from a pump; innumer-
able globules like quickllver appear on almoſt every point; for
the extremities of theſe points attrad the particles of water leſs
forcaibly than thoſe particles attra&t each other; hence the con- tained air, whoſe elaſticity was but juſt balanced by the attrac- tive power of the ſurrounding particles of water to each other, find at the point of each fibre a place where the reſiſtance to itg expanſion 1s leſs; and in conſequence it there expands, and be- comes a bubble of air. It is eaſy to foreſee that the rays of the ſunſhine, by being refracted and in part reflected by the two ſurfaces of theſe minute air-bubbles, muſt impart to them much more heat than to the tranſparent water; and thus facilitate their aſcent by farther expanding them; and that the points of vege= tables attra&t the particles of water leſs than they attra& each
other, is ſeen by the ſpherical form of dew-drops en the points
of graſs. See note on Vegetabls Reſpiration in Part 1,
armee emtiee

799 58;
16 Mis ned in > AU h has (epa- nelly on 1m« umer- nt; for er leſs (ON- (TaC- her, 0 It3 be- tbe two nuch their Veo2e . each
DoLm
„<<
CANTo IV. TIERE PANTS: 207
And as his bright tranſlucent form He laves,
Salubrious powers enrich the troubled waves.
Amphibious Nymph, from Nile's prolific bed Emerging TaaPea lifts her pearly head;
Trapa. 1. 204. Four males, one female. The lower leaves of this plant grow under water, and are divided into minute ca- pillary ramifications; while the upper leaves are broad and round, and have air-bladders in their footſtalks to ſupport them above the ſurface of the water. As the aerial leaves of vegetables do the ofice of lungs, by expoſing a large ſurface of veſſels with their contained fluids to the influence of the air; ſo theſe aqua- tic leaves anſwer a ſimilar purpoſe like the gills of fiſh; and per- haps gain from water or give to it a fimilar material. As the material thus neceſſary to life[ſeems to abound more in air than in water, the ſubaquatic leaves oſ this plant, and of iſymbrium, oenanthe, ranunculus aquatilis, water crowfoot, and ſome others, are cut into fine diviſions to increaſe the ſurface; whilſt thoſe above water are undivided. So the plants on high mountains have their upper leaves more divided, as pimpinella, petroſeli- num, and others, becauſe here the air is thinner, and thence 2 larger ſurface of contad is required. The ſtream ot water alfs paſles but once along the gills of fiſh, as it 1s ſooner deprived of its virtue; whereas the air is both received and eJjeCted by the ac- tion of the lungs of land-animals. The whale ſeems to be an
exception to the above, as he receives water and ſpouts it out
8
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258 TENE S 20: CaxyTo IV.
Fair glows her virgin check and modeſt breaft,
A panoply of ſcales deforms the reſt;
again from an organ, which I ſuppoſe to be a reſpiratory one; aud probably the lamprey, ſo frequent in the month of April both inthe Severn and Derwent, inſpires and expires water on the (even holes on each ſide of the neck, which thus perform the of- fice of the gills of other fiih. As ſpring-water is nearly of the ſame degree of heat in all climates, the aquatic plants, which grow in rills or fountains, are found equally in the torrid, tem- perate, and frigid zones, as water-ereß, water-parſnip, ranun- culus, and many others.
In warmer climates the watery grounds are uſefully cultivat- ed, as with rice; and the roots of ſome aquatic plants are ſaid to have ſupplied food, as the ancient Lotus in Egypt, which ſoms have ſuppoſed to be the Nymphara.--In Siberia the roots of the Butomus, or flowering ruſh, are eaten, which is well worth fur- ther enquiry, as they grow ſpontaneouſly in our ditches and ri- vers, which at preſent produce no eſculent vegetables; and might thence become an article of uſeful cultivation. Herodo- tus affirms that the Egyptian Lotus grows in the Nile, and re-
embles a Lily. That the natives dry it in the ſun, and take the'pulp out of it, which grows like the head of a poppy» and bake it for bread. Euterpe. Many grit-Rones and coals, which 1 have ſeen, ſeem to bear an impreßlion of the roots of the
Nymphza, which are often three or four inches thick, eſpecially
the white-fowered one.
dreitvernmentnen
2 Te ETEENNEIEEEEEEEnEnEnne---- iR nEIgEEER==
CD.

ry olle; f April 'on the the of- of the <A WC |, tem-
[200
ultivat- eſaidto h ſoms of the h für nd ri and r0d0- nd re 14 take DV; and „which df the
ſpecialy
CANZ0e IV: DÄ E: BIS ANT S. 209
Her quivering fins and panting gills ſhe hides,
But ſpreads her ſilver arms upon the tides;
Slow as ſhe ſails, her ivory neck ſhe layes,
And ſhakes her golden trefles o'er the waves. 210
Charm'd round the Nymph, in circling gambols glide
Four Nereid-forms, or Mhoot along the tide;
Now all as one they riſe with frolic ſpring,
And beat the wondering air on humid wing;
Now all deſcending plunge bencath the main,
And laſh the foam with undulating train;
Aboye, below, they wheel, retreat, advance,
In air and ocean weave the mazy dance;
Bow their quick heads, and point their diamond eyes, 219
And twinkle to the ſun with ever-changing dyes.
Where Andes, creſted with volcanic beams, Sheds a long line of light on Plata's ſtreams; Opes all his ſprings, unlocks his golden cayves, And feeds and freights the immeaſurable waves;
PRI P

210 BiOVZESSS OF CANTo IV.)
1 Delighted OcYMa at twilight hours 7. 1]| Calls her light car, and leaves the ſultry bow-€ |: E| Ih ld 'D|| ers;| .; M3 M7 m EC.| E D "8| j| Ocymum falinum. 1. 225. Saline Bail. Claſs Two Powers- c |] 1!|"Che Abbe Molina, in his Hiſtory of Chili, tranſlated from the!« B h;| Italian by the Abbe Grewvel, mentions a ſpecies of Baſil, which| 1'07. 5| | j| he calls Ocymum ſalinum: he ſays it reſembles the common| /|| baßl, except that the ſtalk is round and jointed; and that though np 4:|! Y|| it grows Üxty miles from the ſea, yet every morning it 1s covered/ 1:5;.:: WT M 18 with ſaline globules, which are hard and ſplendid, appearing at| j 4|| a diſtance like dew; and that each plant furniſhes about half an T -"||| ounce of ſine ſalt every day, which the peaſants collect, and uie': 8|| 35 common ſalt, but eſieem it ſuperior in favour.
As an article of diet, ſalt ſeems to a& imply as a ſtimulus, not containing any nouriſhment, and is the only foſſil ſubſtance V
which the caprice of mankind has yet taken into their ſtomachs
along with their food; and, like all other unnatural ſtimuli, is 4 not neceſſary to people in health, and contributes to weaken out. ſyſtem; though it may be uſeful as a medicine. It ſeems to bethe: immediate cauſe of the ſea ſcurvy, as thoſe patients quickly re- 4;|
cover by the uſe of freſh provilions; and 18 probably a remote
cauſe of ſcrofula(which conſiſts in the want of irnitability in
4118 he abſorbent veſſels) and is therefore ſerviceable to theſe pa-
ents; as wine is necefſlary to thoſe whoſe ſlomachs have been| weakened by its uſe. The univerſality of the uſe of ſalt with our food, and in our cookery, has rendered it difficult to prove
6
< Er SeiSRÖE 7475 EN> REES

To IV.
bow-
WE. n the yhich 1mon ough wered 109 a alf an
nd ule
lus, [ance achs “(is our the y 18“ mote ity in (8 pa- been t with
prove
CaNnTo IV. FHRE“ PDXN TS. 211 Love's riſing ray, and Youth's ſedudtive dye, Bloom'd on her cheek, and brighten'd in her Eyes Chaſte, pure, and: white, a zone öf ſülver graced Her tender breaſt, as white, as PUTE ASTCHAlte r= By four fond ſwains in playful circles drawn, 231 On glowing wheels ſhe tracks the moon-bright lawn, Mounts the rude cliff, unveils her bluſhing charms, And calls the panting zephyrs to her arms.
Emerged from occan ſprings the VAaPOrOoUs alr,
'Bathes her light limbs, uncurls her amber hair,
Incruſts her beamy form with films ſaline,
Änd Beauty blazes through the cryſtal ſhrine.=-*
the truth of theſe obſervations. I ſuſpe& that fleſh-meat cut into thin ſlices, either raw or boiled, might be preſerved in coarſe ſugar or treacle; and thus a very nouriſhing and ſalutary diet might be preſented to our ſeamen. See note on dalt-rocks, in Vol. I. Canto Il. If a perſon unaccuſtomed to much ſalt ihould eat a couple of red herrings, his inſenſible perſpiration will be ſo much increaſed by the ſtimulus of the ſalt, that he will find it neceſſary in about two hours to drink a quart of wa- ter: the effects of a continued uſe of ſalt in weakening the ac-
tion of the Jymphatic ſyſtem may hence be deduced.
125

Hmm ZT
1"
CANTo IV.
212 T5ON ES DE So with pellucid ſtuds the ice-fower gems
Her rimy foliage and her candicd ſtems. 240 So from his glaſfy horns, and pearly eyes,
The diamond-beetle darts a thouſand dyes; Mounts with enamel'd wings the veſper gale,
And wheeling ſhines in adamantine mail.
Thus when loud thunders o'er Gomorrah burſt, And heaving earthquakes ſhook his realms accurſt, An Angel-gueſt led forth the trembling Fair With Mhadowy hand, and warn'd the guiltleſs pair; « Haſte from theſe lands of lin, ye Righteous! fly, “ Speed the quick ſtep, nor turn the lingering
eye!-- 2:50 „Such the command, as fabling Bards recite, When Orpheus charm'dthe griſly King of Night; Sooth'd the pale phantoms with his plaintive lay, And led the fair Aſlurgent into day.-- Wide yawn d the carth, the fiery tempeſt flaſh d,
And towns and towers in one vaſt ruin crafh'd;--
Tce-flower. 1. 239. Meſfembryanthemum cryſtallinum,

le,
burſt, cu,
ur [s patt; s, fr,
ern
110,
EX8To IV- THAE FEND S. 213
Onward they move,--loud Horror roars behind, And ſhrieks of Anguilſh bellow in the wind. With many a ſob, amid a thouſand fears, 259 The beauteous wanderer pours her guſhing tears; Each ſoft connedton rends her troubled breaſt, --She turns, unconſcious of the ſtern beheſt!---
Kian
eG EN
ah, me!--ſenſations chill
. EN
Shoot through my bones, my Ihuddering bo-
lom thrill!
[4
Lan
1 freeze! 1 freeze! Juſt Heaven regards my fault, Numbs my cold limbs, and hardens into falt!--- vc Not yet, not yet, your dying love reſign!
“ This laſt, laſt kifs receive!--no longer thine!"--- She ſa1d, and ceaſed,--her ſiffen'd form Hepreſs d, And ftrain'd the briny column to his breaſt; 2709 Printed with quivering lips the hfeleſs ſnow,
And wept, and gazed the monument of woe.
90 when FAneas through the flames of Troy Bore his pale fire, and led his lovely boy;
With loitering ſtep the fair Creuſa ſtay d,
And death involved her in eternal ſhade.--
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214 LONES- OF CaxnTo IV. «Off he Jone Pilgrimivthat his road forſakes, Marks the wide ruins, and the ſulphur d lakes; On mouldering piles amid aſphaltic mud 279 Hears the boarſe bittern, where Gomorrah ſtood; Recals the unhappy Pair with lifted eye,
Leans on the cryſtal tomb, and breathes the ſilent
ſigh.
With net-wove ſaſh andglitteringgorget dreſs d, And ſcarlet robe lapell'd upon her breaſt, Stern ARA frowns, the meaſurcd march aſſumes, Trails her long länce, and nods her ſhadowy
plumes;
Arum. 1. 235. Cuckow-pint, of the claſs Gynandria, or TSne ladies.„Thepuul or female PArtiONIIEe flower, riſes like a club, is covered above or clothed, as it were, by the an- hers or. males+ and-fome of the ſpecies hayv6.a large ſcarlet blotch in the middle of every leaf.
The ſingular and wonderful(trudure of this flower has oc- caſioned many diſputes amongſt botaniſts. See Tournef. Mal- pig. Dillen. Riven. 8&c. The receptacle is enlarged into a naked club, with the germs at its baſe; the ſtamens are ailxed
to the receptacle amidſt the germs(a natural prodigy), and thus
ee weldigeQ=nmr 0 022208
15

E&xzoINM THE PEANT S. 215
While Love's ſoft beams 1illume her treacherous eyes,
And Beauty lightens through the thin diſguiſe.
So erſt, when HERCULES, untamed by toil,
Own'dthe ſoft power of DEJANIRA Sſmile;--290
do not need the aſliſtance of elevating filaments: hence the lower may be ſaid to be inverted. Families of Plants tranſlated from Linneus, p. 618.
"The ſpadix of this plant is frequently quite white, or colour- ed, and the leaves liable to be ſtreaked with white, and to have black or ſcarlet blotches on them. As the plant has no corol or bloom, it is probable the coloured juices in theſe parts of the ſheath or leaves may ſerve the ſame purpoſe as the coloured juices in the petals of other flowers; from which 1 ſuppoſe the honey to be prepared. See note on Helleborus. I am informed that thoſe tulip-roots which have a red cuticle produce red flowers, Sec Rubia.
When the petals of the tulip become ſtriped with many co- lours, the plant loſes almott half of its height; and the method of making them thus break into colours is by tranſplanting them into a meagre or ſandy ſoil, after they have previouſly enjoyed a richer ſoil: hence it appears, that the plant is weakened when the flower becomes variegated. See note on Anemone. For the ac- quired habits of vegetables, ſee Tulipa, Orchis.
The roots of the Arum are ſcratched up and eaten by thruſhes
in ſevere ſnowy ſeaſons. White's Hiſt. of Selbourn, p. 43,
P4

216 LOVES OF CanTo IV, His lion-ſpoils the laughing Fair demands, And gives the diſtaft to his awkward hands; O'er her white neck the briſftly mane ſhe throws, And binds the gaping whiſkers on her brows; Plaits round her lender waiſt the Maggy veſt, And claſps the velvet paws acroſs her breaſt, Next with ſoft hands the knotted club ſhe rears, Heaves up from carth, and on her ſhoulder bears. Onward with loftier ſtep the Beauty treads, And trails the brinded ermine o'er the meads; Wolves, bears, and pards, forſake the aftrighted groves, ZO
And grinning Satyrs tremble, as fic moves.
CARYO0's ſweet ſmile DiANTHUS proud ad- mires,
And gazing burns with unallow'd deſires;
Dianthus. 1. 303. Superbus. Proud Pink."There is a kind of pink called Fairchild's mule, which is here ſuppoſed to be produced between a Dianthus ſuperbus, and the Caryophyllus,
Clove. The Dianthus ſuperbus emits a moſt fragrant odour,
| ſ | | j

0.
kind to be yllus
out)
Caxro IV. THE /PUANTS. 217 With ſighs and ſorrows her compaflion moves,
And wins the damſel to illicit loves,
particularly at night. Vegetable mules ſupply an irrefragable argument in favour of the ſexual ſyſtem of botany. They are ſaid to be numerous; and, like the mules of the animal kingdom, not always to continue their ſpecies by ſeed. There is an ac- count of a curious mule from the Antirrhinum linaria, Toad- flax, in the Amcenit. Academ. V.1. No. 32. and many hybrid plants deſcribed in No. 32» The urtica alienata 1s an evergreen plant, which appears to be a nettle from the male flowers, and a Pellitory(Parietaria) from the female ones and the fruit; and is hence between both. Murray, Syſt. Veg. Amongſt the Engliſh indigenous plants, the veronica hybrida, mule Speedwel, is ſuppoſed to have originated from the oficimal one, and the ſpiked one, And the Sibthorpia Europaza to have for its parents the golden ſaxifrage and marſh pennywort. Pulteney's View of Linrieus, p. 253. Mr. Graberg, Mr. Schreber, and Mr. Ram- ſtrom, ſeem of opinion, that the internal ſtruCture or parts of fructification in mule-plants refemble the female parent; but that the habit or external fſtruCture reſembles the male parent, Sce treatiſes under the above names in V. VI. Amcenit. Acade- mic. The mule produced from a horſe and the aſs reſembles the horſe externally with bis ears, mane, and tail; but with the na- ture or manners of an aſs: but the Hinnus, or creature produc- ed from a male aßs, and a mare, reſembles the father externally in ſtature, aſh-colour, and the black croſs, but with the nature or manners of ahorſe. The breed from Spaniſh rams and Swediſh
3
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218 LOVES 0 CANTo IV. The Monſter-offspring heirs the father s pride,
Maſk'd in the damaſk beauties of the bride.
' So, when the Nightingale in eaſtern bowers 309
On quivering pinion woos the Queen of flowers; Inhales her fragrance, as he hangs 11. air,
And melts with melody the bluſhing fair; Half-roſe, half-bird, a beauteous Monſter ſprings, Waves his thin leaves, and claps his glofiy wings; Long horrent thorns his mofſiy legs ſurround, And tendril-talons root him to the ground; Green films of rind his wrinkled neck o'erſpread, And crimſon petals creſt his curled head;
Soft warbling beaks in each bright bloom move,
And vocal Roſebuds thrill the enchanted grove!--
ewes reſembled the Spaniſh ſheep in wool, ſtature, and external form; but was as hardy as the Swediſh ſheep; and the contrary of thoſe which were produced from Swediſh rams and Spaniſh ewes The ofpring from the male goat of Angora and the Swediſh female goat bad long ſoft camel's hair; but that from the male Swediſh goat, and the female one of Angora, had no improvement of their wool. An Engliſh ram without horns,
and a Swediſh horned ewe, produced ſheep without horns-
Amon. Acad. Vol. NZ DSI 2.
C

KEENE gn aaa SA 5 Rvg ILE Ig RINGEN
CANTONS“TERE: PEANSDES- 219 G,....| Admiring Evening ſtays her beamy ſtar, 921| And ſtill Night liſtens from his ebon car;| 39): NEE:| | While on white wings deſcending Houries throng, Wers:|;: | And drink the floods of odour and of ſong. When from his golden urn the Solſtice pours, 10178. . O'er Afric's fable ſons the ſultry hours; 1093;;; 0 When not a gale flits o'er her tawny hills, | 4:: Save where the dry Harmattan breathes and kills; ea,| The dry Harmattan. 1. 328. The Harmattan is a ſingular wind blowing from the interior parts of Africa to the Atlantic ocean, ſometimes for a few hours, ſometimes for ſeveral days 1 without regular periods. It is always attended with a fog or BE haze, ſo denſe as to render thoſe objects inviſible which are atthe diſtance of a quarter of a mile; the ſun appears through it only ' about noon, and then of a dilute red, and very minute particles rna;.. ſubſide from the miſty air ſo as to make the graſs, and the ſkins tran EEN: 4. 0 of negroes appear whitiſh. The extreme dryneß which attends ami 4: s S 2: this wind or fog, without dews, withers and quite dries the leaves be| of vegetables; and 1s ſaid by Dr. Lind at ſome ſeaſons to be fatal from and malignant to mankind; probably after much preceding wet, ad m when it may become loaded with the exhalations from putrid horn; marſhes; at other ſeaſons it is ſaid to check epidemic diſeaſes, to
hn cure fluxes, and to heal ulcers and cutaneous eruptions; which
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2,20 NONDBS OF CANTo IV.
When ſtretch'd in duſt her gaſping panthers lie,
And writh'd in foamy folds her ſerpents die; 3309
is probably effe&ed by its yielding no moiſture to the mouths of the external abſorbent veſſels, by which the action of the other branches of the abſorbent ſyſtem is increaſed to ſupply the de- ficiency. Account of the Harmattan, Phil. Tran f2 Viol: UXPOET:
"The Reverend Mr. Sterling gives an account of a darkneſs for 1x or eight hours at Detroit in America, on the Iigth of Odober, 1762, in which the ſun appeared as red as blood, and tbrice its uſual ſize: ſome rain falling, covered white paper with dark drops, like ſulphur or dirt, which burnt like wet gun- powder, and the air had a very ſulphureous ſmell. He ſuppoſes this to have been emitted from ſome diſtant earthquake or vol- Can0: MOR SD AO02:
In many circumſtances this wind ſeems much to reſemble the dry fog which covered moſt parts of Europe for many wecks in the ſummer of 1780, which has been ſuppoſed to have had a volcanic origin, as it ſucceeded the violent eruption of Mount Hecla, and its neighbourhood. From the ſübſidence of a white powder, it ſeems probable that the Harmattan has aſimilar origin, from the unexplored mountains of Africa. Nor 1s it improbable, that the epidemic coughs, which occaſionally traverſe immenſe tradts of country, may be the produds of volcanic eruptions; nor impoſſible, that at iome future time contagious miaſmata may be thus emitted from ſubterraneous furnaces, in ſuch abundance
as to contaminate the whole atmoſphere, and depopulate ths
earth!

genann ee LEO< GEBESSERT rg
e mouth f the other py the de- 1, LXXI, adukneß he roth of 3 blood, and 2 paper with € weg x He ſuppols:
ake or yvol- E.
elemble the
y weeks in
ave had a
f Mount|*
Ca white 0) 1? lar origin,| aprobable,
3 unmenl ptions; no! (mata may
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CaxTo IV. DIE ZBANIT 3.„i Indignant Atlas mourns his leafleſs woods,
And Gambia trembles for his ſinking floods; Contagion ſtalks along the briny ſand,
And Ocean rolls-his ick'ning ſhoals to land. --Fair CHvNDA ſmiles amid the burning waſte,
Her brow unturban'd, and her zone unbrac d;
Hi; fickening ſhoals. 1. 334» Mr. Marſden relates, that in the and of Sumatra, during the November of 1775, the dry mon- (vons, or 8. E. winds, continued ſo much longer than uſual, that the large rivers became dry; and prodigious quantities of ſea-fiſh, dead and dying, were ſeen floating for leagues on the ſca, and driven on the beach by the tides. This was ſuppoſed to have been cauſed by the great evaporation, and the deficiency of freſh- water rivers having rendered the ſea too ſalt for its inhabitants. The ſeaſon then became ſo lickly as to deſtroy great numbers of
T 575
people, both foreigners and natives. phil. Tranff Vol LXAL
P- 264.
Chunda. 1. 22 c<. Chundali Borrum 13 the name which the 33
natives give to this plant; it is the Hedyſarum gyrans, or moving
plant; its claſs is two brotherhoods, ten males. Its leaves are
contunually in ſpontaneous motion; ſome riſing and others fall-
109; and others whirling aircularly by twiſting their ſtems; this
ſpontaneous movement of the leaves, when the air is quite ſtill
and very warm, ſeems to be neceſſary to the plant, as perpetual IEE gn I EIIIE MÜNIN IINIRIEEE M "8 oE<< mme auen Fane nen mam. I üben wart
“ Ey 4 [M
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Sam
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222 BONES: OF CANTo-1V.
Ten brother-youths with light umbrellas ſhade, Or fan with buſy hands the panting maid;
Looſe wave her locks, diſcloſing, as they break, The riſing boſom and averted check; 340 Claſp'd round her 1vory neck with ſtuds of gold Flows her thin veſt in many a gauzy fold;
O'er her light limbs the dim tranſparence plays,
And the fair form, it ſeems to hide, betrays.
reſpiration is to animal life. A more particular account with a good print of the Hedyſarum gyrans is given by M. Brouflonet in a paper on vegetable motions in the Hiſtoire de 1' Academie des Sciences. Ann. 1784, P- 609.
"There are many other inſtances of ſpontaneous movements of he parts of vegetables. In the Marchantia polymorpha ſome yellow wool proceeds from the flower-bearing anthers, which moves ſpontaneouſly in the anther, while it drops its duſt like atoms, Murray, Syſt. Veg. See note on Collinſonia for other inſtances of vegetable ſpontaneity. Add to this, that as the ſleep of animals conſiſts in a ſuſpenſion of voluntary motion, and as vegetables are likewiſe ſubject to ſleep, there 1s reaſon to con- clude, that the various adions of opening and cloſing their petals and foliage may be juſtly aſcribed to a voluntary power: for
without the faculty of volition, ſleep would not have been ng&-
ceſlary to them.
earn enmmeenmentenmmeenemmummennenzitegtiiidune. wur
O7
0
ny

wad) Seit Seierl är
70M,! CANTOTVE IO EINE SPAS AUNNZIFS: 19,? ade, T- 19 Cold from a thouſand rocks, where Ganges 1 ]eads 4 eak; kar| ; The guſhing waters to his fultry meads; rs IE:; H By moon-crown'd moſques with gay refletions 0! 1: d glides, And vaſt pagodas trembling on his ſides; y5, With ſweet loquacity NELVMBo ſails, Shouts to his ſhores, and parleys with his gales; Invokes his echoes, as ſhe moves along, ZEI vith a And thrills his ripling furges with her ſong. ſlonet;' 6. 8]--As round the Nymph her liſtening lovers play, demie|. SE And guard the Beauty on her watery way; ts of DU Ne/umbo. 1. 349. Nymphza Nelumbo. A beautiful roſe- ich red flower on a receptacle as large as an artichoke.' The cap- ike ſule is perforated with holes at the top, and the ſeeds rattle in it. her Perfect leaves are ſeen in the ſeeds before they germinate. Lin- the neus, who has enliſted all our ſenſes into the ſervice of botany, and has obſerved this rattling of the Nelumbo; and mentions what con- he calls an ele&ric murmur, like diſtant thunder in hop-yards, etals when the wind blows, and aſks the cauſe of it. We have one - for kind of pedicularis in our meadows, which has obtained the 40- name of rattle-graſs, from the rattling of its dry ſeed veſſels
under our feet.
WIE arne.
E-- er Oh Men une a GSE. E08<=<< eme<< I III Somit zz ez Geme mn==<<TESENE MERNEOTEN= KEES

224 LON BES Dy CaxyTo IV. Charm'd on the brink relenting tygers gaze,
And pauſing buffaloes forget to graze;
Admiring elephants forſake their woods,
Stretch their wide ears, and wade into the floods; In ſilent herds the wondering ſea-calves lave,
Or nod their ſlimy forcheads o'er the Wave; 360 Poiſed on ſtill wing attentive vultures IWwecp,
And winking crocodiles are lull'd to ſleep.
Where leads the northern Star his lucid train High oer the now-clad earth, and icy main, With milky light the white horizon ſtreams, And to the moon each ſparkling mountain gleams« Slow o'er the printed ſnows with ſilent walk Huge haggy forms acroſs the twilight ſtalk; And ever and anon with bhideous found 369
Burſt the thick ribs of ice, and thunder round.--
Bur/? the thick ribs of 1ce. 1. 370- The violent cracks of ice heard from the Glaciers ſeem to be cauſed by ſome of the ſnow being melted in the middle of the day; and the water thus pro-
ME: EE SIGE ANN 8E=„ie EIE ZUE EE duced running down into vallies of ice, and congealing agatn 110
>=-
jan=)

veg 2007 1 Wia DÜR wenn III ÄRRET„Air bee KEENE
ANTON. CAÄNEKOHNZ IE EEE PT AEN-DS. 22 There, as old Winter flaps his hoary vINg, And lingering leaves his empire to the Spring,
Pierced with quick ſhafts of ſilver-ſhooting light
- foods; Fly in dark troops the dazzled 1mps of night.--- ve,“ Awake, my Love!" enamour'd MvyscnHus cries, . 960“< Stretch thy fair limbs, refulgent Maid ariſe: 1.2 Y»
a few hours, forces off by its expanſion large precipices from the
ICC- MOUNTAINS.
] train Maſchus. 1. 375. Corallinus, or lichen rangiferinus. Coral.
moſs. Clandeſtine-marriage. This moſs vegetates beneath the
31 iInow, where the degree of heat is always about 40; that is, in 115,| the middle between the freezing point, and the common heat of
| the earth; and is for many months of the winter the ſole food eams. Öf the rein-deer, who digs furrows in the ſnow to find it; and as Ik the milk and fleſh of this animal is almoſt the only ſuſtenance
which can be procured during the long winters of the higher latitudes, this moſs may be ſaid to ſupport ſome millions of man- 369 kind. 10, The quick vegetation that occurs on the ſolution of the ſnows in high latitudes appears very aſtoniſhing; it ſeems to
ariſe from two cauſes, 1. the long continuance of the approach-
ks of ic ing ſun above the horizon; 2. the increaſed irritability of plants ebe[00 which have been long expoſed to the cold. See note on Ane- thus pi mone.
9 aga Par II. 8)
N | | | | | | | |
-- Z x 0“. <<<< II EEE RERERIEITE ZI--

226 1:O0N Fs Or CANTo,.1V,
« Ope thy. ſweet eye-lids. to the riſing ray,
< And: hail with ruby lips returning day.
“« Down the white hills dilolving torrents pour,
« Green ſprings the turf, and purple blows the flower; 380
-<« His torpid wing the Rail exulting tries,
«< Mounts the ſoft gale, and wantons in the ſkies;
«Riſe, let us mark how bloom the awaken d groves,
.„=.> “« And'mid the banks of roſes hide our loves.
Night's tinſel beams on ſmooth Loch-lomond dange;
[mpatient AGA views the bright expanſe;
AU the water-fowl on the lakes of Siberia are ſaid:by Profeſſor Gmelin to retreat ſbuthwards on the commencement of the froſt, except the Rail, which ſleeps buried in the ſnow. Account of Siberia.
Ega. 1, 386. Conferva, zgagropila. It is found looſe in-
many lakes in a globular form, from the ſize of a walnut: to
that of a melon, much refembling the balls of hair found in.the.
tel
wa

Carro], a, 7. fs pour, lows the
380
ne ſkies;
waken d
[0Ves,
-Jomond
rofeſlor t of he
Account
d looſe in walnut: to
and in thz
CANTo IV. AUEN PIE AUNN NE S3 22-
ys
In vain her eyes the paſſing floods explore, Waye after wave rolls freightleſs to the ſhore. -=-Now dim amid the diſtant foam ſhe ſpies
A riſing ſpeck,--“ tis he!"tis he!" ſhe cries: 390 As with firm arms he beats the ſtreams aſide, And cleaves with riſing cheſt the tofling tide, With bended knee ſhe prints the humid fands, Up-turns her gliſtening eyes, and ſpreads her hands; ==“ Tis he,'tis he!=-my Lord, my life, my love! “ Slumber, ye winds; ye billows, ceaſe to move! < Beneath his arms your buoyant plumage ſpread, “< Ye Swans! ye Halcyons! hover round his head!
--With cagern ftep tke boiling ſurf ſhe braves,
And meets her refluent lover in the waves; 4.00
ſtomachs of cows; it adheres to nothing, but rolls from one part of the lake to another. The Conferva vagabunda dwells on the European ſeas, travelling along in the midſt of the waves;(Spec. Plant.) Theſe may not improperly be called itinerant vege- tables. In a fimilar manner the Fucus natans(ſwimming) ſtrikes 110 roots into the earth, but floats on the ſeca in very ex- tenſive maſles, and may be ſaid to be a plant of paſllage, as it is
wafted by the winds from one ſhore to another,
Q 2
EE mine u ZI unn ee DI NyEEI INNO ÜR FRN I
B y ] m 6 k.]

<>unggr>
228 WOMESE OL Canro IV.
1ooſe o'er the flood ber azure mantle ſwims,
And the clear ſtream betrays her ſnowy limbs.
So on her ſea-girt tower fair HEeRo ſtood
At parting day, and mark'd the daſhing flood; While high in air, the glimmering rocks above, Shone the bright lamp, the pilot-ſtar of Love. „With robe outſpread the wavering flame behind She kneels, and guards it from the ſhifting wind; Breathes to her Goddeſs all her vowS, and guides Her bold LEANDER o'er the duſky tides; 410 Werings his wet hair, his briny boſom warms,
And claſps her panting lover in her arms.
Deep. in wide caverns and their ſ'hadowy ailes,
Daughter of Earth, the chaſte TRUFFELIA ſmiles;
Truffelia, 1. 414.(Lycoperdon Tuber) Trufile. Clandef- tine marriage« This fungus never appears above ground, re- quiring little air, and perhaps no light. It is found by dogs or ſwine, who hunt it by the ſmell. Other plants, which have no
buds or branches on their ſtems, as the grafſes, ſhoot out nume-

.-." WET IREEN.- AK TSGER IZT>06 0 zü6 ZWE GÜ ver
yr. CAXNTo IV. EISE: SS PEEEARN TS. 229 1m, On fſilvery beds, of ſoft aſbeſtus wove, mbs, Meets her Gnome-huſband, and avows her love.
I High o'er her couch impending diamonds blaze,
| And branching gold the cryſtal roof inlays; od; With verdant light the modeſt emeralds glow, bore Blue ſapphires glare, and rubies bluſh, be/ozw; 420 Mve, Light piers of lazuli the dome ſurround, behind And pidttured mochoes teſſelate the ground: NEE In glittering threads along refle&tive walls -) „outs The warm rill murmuring twinkles, as it falls;
5 Now ſink the Eolian ſtrings, and now they ſwell, A And Echoes woo in every vaulted cell;
,
| While on white wings delighted Cupids play, Shake their bright lamps, and ſhed celeſtial day, alles, 4| EI SIFE Cloſed in an azure fig by fairy(pes:
miles; Boſom'd in down, fair CaPRI-FICA dwells;-- 4305 Clandet- rous ſtoles or ſcions under ground: and this the more, as their ound, fe- tops or herbs are eaten by cattle, and thus preſerve themſelves. y dogs 0; 6 S| 45? 6500 Caprificus. 1. 430. Wild fig. The fruit of the fig is not a hh haven H ;' iced-veſſe], but a receptacle incloſing the flower within it. As ut Num
Q 3

neee eee ee Fen
230 170NES 1:05 CANTo IV,
9o ſleeps in ſilence the Curculio, hut
In the dark chambers of the cavern'd nut,
theſe trees bear ſome male and others female flowers, immured on all ſides by the fruit, the manner of their fecundation was very unintelligible, till Tournefort and Pontedera diſcovered, that a kind of gnat produced in the male figs carried the fecun- dating duſt on its wings,(Cynips Pſenes Syſt. Nat. g1g9.), and penetrating the female fig, thus impregnated the flowers; for the evidence of this wonderful fat, ſee the word Caprification, in Milne's Botanical Di&tionary. The figs of this country are all female, and their ſeeds not prolific; and therefore they can only be propagated by layers and ſuckers.
Monſieur de la Hire has ſhewn in the Memoir. de l' Academ. des Sciences, that the ſummer figs of Paris, in Provence, Italy, and Malta, have all perfe& ſtamina, and ripen not only their fruits, but their ſeed; from which ſeed other fig trees are raiſed; but that the ſtamina of the autumnal figs are abortive, perhaps owing to the want of due warmth. Mr. Milne, in his Botanical Didtonary,(art. Caprification) ſays, that the cultivated fig-trees have a few male flowers placed above the female within the ſame covering or receptacle; which in warmer climates perform their proper office, but in colder ones become abortive. And Linneus obſerves, that ſome figs have the navel of the receptacle open; which was one reaſon that induced him to remove this plant from the claſs Clandeſtine Marriage to the claſ Polygamy. Lin. öSpec. Plant.
From all theſe circumſtances I ſhould conje&ure, that thofe
Bn» we- ey

Y AN70 V.
CanTo IV. ANEHSE PYIRBENZUS- 2,31 Erodes with ivory beak the vaulted ſell, :;;: | And quits on filmy wings its narrow cell. | So the pleaſed Linnet in the moſs-woye neſt, » Immured S';: " Waked into life beneath its parent's breaſt, lon Was covered, Chirps in the gaping ſhell, burſts forth erelong, ſeem Shakes its new plumes, and tries its tender 119.) and 10n2g,-- 3; forthe Ss ation, in ry are all female fig flowers, which are cloſed on all ſides in the fruit or re- cn only ceptacle without any male ones, are monſters, which have been
ropagated for their fruit, like barberries, and grapes without propag gtap
ſeeds in them; and that the Caprification is either an ancient
And; 10 proceſs of imaginary uſe, and blindly followed in ſome coun- au<] tries, or that it may contribute to ripen the fig by decreaſing its Ur ER vigour, like cutting oft a circle of the bark from the branch of a enikd; pear-tree. T'ournefort ſeems inclined to this opinion; who ſays, 1560 that the figs in Provence and at Paris ripen ſooner, if their buds 22 be pricked with a ſtraw dipped in olive-oil. Plums and Pears gere| pundured by ſome inſects ripen ſooner, and the part round the a pun&ure is ſweeter. 1s not the honey-dew produced by the - their puntture of inſects? will not wounding the branch of a pear- Linneus tree, which is too vigorous, prevent the bloffoms from falling off; 1e open; as from ſome fig-trees the fruit is ſaid to fall off unleſs they are tis pah wounded by caprification? I had laſt ſpring ſix young trees of ny. Lin, the Hchia fig with fruit on them in pots in a ſtove; on removing them into larger boxes, they protruded very vigorous Maots, and bat thol: Q 4.
ern<<< ie ee rege zi

232 WON ES"SO0?F CANTo IV.
-- And now the taliſman ſhe ſtrikes, that charms Her huſband-Sylph,=- and calls him to her arms.; 440 Quick, the light Gnat her airy Lord beſtrides, With cobweb reins the flying courſer guides, From cryſtal fſteeps of viewleſs ether ſprings, Cleaves the ſoft air on ſtill expanded wings; Darts like a lunbeam o'er the boundleſs waye, And ſeeks the beauty in her /ecret cave. So with quick impulſe through all nature's frame Shoots the ele&ric air its ſubtle flame. So turns the impatient necdle to the pole,
Tho' mountains riſe between, and oceans roll. 450
Where round the Orcades white torrents roar, Scooping with ccaſeleſs rage the incumbent ſhore, Wide o'er the deep a duſky cavern bends
Its marble arms, and high in air impends;
the figs all fell off; which 1 aſcribed to the increaſed vigour of the plants.
ZEE
TERRE

'0ar,
hore,
ur ofthe
Canro IV. TY- ZABDIS. 228
Baſaltic piers the ponderous roof ſuſtain,
And ſteep their maſy fandals in the main;
Round the dim walls, and through the whilſpering ailes
Hoarſe breathes the wind, the glittering water boils.
Here the charm'd Byssvs with his blooming bride
Spreads h1s green ſails, and braves the foaming tide;
The ſtar of Venus gilds the twilight wave, 4061
And lights her votaries to the /ecret Cave;
Bafſaltic prers. 19166."This deſcription alludes to the cave of Fingal in the iſland of Staffa. The baſaltic columns, which compoſe the Giants Cauſeway on the coaſt of Ireland, as welt a3 thoſe which ſupport the cave of Fingal, are evidently of vol- canic origin, as is well Wuſtrated in an ingenious paper of Mr. Keir, in the Philoſ. Tranfſ. who obſerved in the glaſs, which had been long in a fuſing heat at the bottom of the pots in the glaſs-houſes at Stourbridge, that cryſtals were produced of a form ſimilar to the parts of the baſaltic columns of the Giants
Cauſeway-
Byſſus. 1. 459. Clandeſtine Marriage. It floats on the ſca in the day, and ſinks a little during the night; it is found in caverns on the northern ſhores, of a pale green colour, and as
thin as PAPEr.
x 5 X v|
“| |] 4] 5 7 e]

234 LONES DE CANTo IV.
Light Cupids flutter round the nuptial bed, And each coy Sea-maid hides her bluſhing head.
Where cool'd by rills, and curtain'd round by woods, Slopes the green dell to meet the briny floods, The ſparkling noon-beams trembling on the tide,
The PROTEUS-LOVER woos his playful bride,
The Proteus-lover. 1. 468. Conferva polymorpha. This ve« getable 18 put amongſt the cryptogamia, or clandeſtine marriages, by Linneus; but, according to Mr. Ellis, the males and females are on different plants.- Philoſ“Traniſ. Vol. LVIL' It fivice
changes its colour, from red to brown, and then to black; and
changes its form by loſing its lower leaves, and elongating ſome.
of the upper ones, ſo as to b2 miſtaken by the unfkilfal for dif- ferent plants. It grows on the ſhores of this country.
There is another plant, Medicago polymorpha, which may be ſaid to afume a great variety of ſhapes; as the ſeed-veſſels re- ſemble ſometimes ſnail-horns, at other times caterpillars with or without long hair upon them, by which means it is probable they ſometimes elude the depredations of thoſe inſeds. The ſceds of Calendula, Marygold, bend up like a hairy caterpillar, with their prickles briftling outwards, and may thus deter ſome
birds or inſe&s from preying upon them. Salicornia alfo aſ-
C)

N CanTo IV. THE PLANTS. 235 (EU To win the fair he tries a thouſand forms, Baſks on the ſands, or gambols in the ftorms. 470 1 A Dolphin now, his ſcaly ſides he laves, ! And bears the ſportive Damſel on the waves; She ſtrikes the cymbal as he moves along, | And wondering Ocean liſtens to the ſong. 0 th--And now a ſpotted Pard the lover ſtalks, ; Plays round her ſteps, and guards her favour d 1, walks; ij As with white teeth he prints her hand, careſs d, "M And lays his velvet paw upon her breaſt, | females| O'er his round face her ſnowy fingers ſtrain ſt twice| The ſiken knots, and fit the nibbon-rein. 480 ij“And now a Swan, he ſpreads his plumy ſails,
r dif- And proudly glides before the fanning gales; Pleas'd on the fowery brink with gracefual hand
R She waves her floating lover to the land;
eis r€-
10 Bright ſhines his inuous neck, with crimſon beak robable He prints fond kifles on her glowing check,
, The
erpillar. S fe Phil. Bot. p- 87. See note on Iris
ſames an animal fmilitude. er ſome: un; IE 5 ;n additional notes; and Cypripedia in Vol. 1.
alo al 6

236 LOPES OP CaxTo IV.
Spreads his broad wings, clates his ebon creſt,
And claſps the beauty to his downy breaſt.
ET
A Jundred virgins Join a kundred ſwains, And fond Apoxis leads the ſprightly trains; 490 Pair after pair, along his ſacred groves
To Hymen's fane the bright proceſlion moves;
Adoms. 1. 490. Many males and many females live togethei
in the ſame flower. It may ſeem a ſoleciſm in language to call a flower, which contains many of both ſexes, an individual; and the more ſo to call a tree or hrub' an individual, which conſiſts of ſo many flowers. Every tree, indeed, ought to be conſidered as a family or ſwarm of its reſpedive buds; but the buds them- ſelves ſcem to be individual plants; becauſe each has leaves or lungs appropriated to it; and the bark of the tree is only a con- geries of the roots of all theſe individual buds. Thus hollow
oak-trees and willows are often ſeen with the whole wood de-
Cayed and gone; and yet the few remaining branches flouriſh with vigour; but in reſpe& to the male and female parts of a flower, they do not deſtroy its individuality any more than the number of paps of a ſow, or the number of her cotyledons, each of which includes one of her young.
The ſociety, called the Areoi, in the iſland of Otaheite, con-
lifts of about 100 males and 100 females, who form one pro»
miſcuous marriage,
aii RENE TEES SANIE Eu) WORRG EHE Guzzi WA- IEHIEENEE EEE en m en= m R RE ee< e5 EE<<----=----

Olamoiläien THB: DIndChaES. 286 is Each ſmiling youth a myrtle garland ſhades, ce And wreaths of roſes veil the bluſhing maids; Light Joys on twinkling feet attend the throng, 6 Weave the gay dance, or raiſe the frolic ſong; "040| ZP HICK 5 28 50CDEN paſs, ezulting Cupids fling Promiſcuous arrows from the founding ſtring; 10ves; On wings of goſlamer ſoft Whiſpers fy, And the ſy Glance ſteals ſide-long from the ve together eye. 500 ave to call dual; and As round his ſhrine the gawdy circles bow, ch conſifts And ſeal with muttering lips the faithleſs voW, 466| Licentious Hymen joins their mingled hands, 5.0| And looſely twines the meretricious bands.-- 74 cOn-"Thus where pleaſed VENUS, in the ſouthern main, hollow Sheds all her ſmiles on Otaheite's plain, vi Wide o'er the iſle her ſilken net ſhe draws, AD7- And the Loves laugh at all but Nature's laws. zan fbe 18 e Here ceaſed the Goddeß,--o'er the ſilent te, CON- ſtr Ings 5-5
ne pro Applauding Zephyrs ſwept their futtering wings;

238 LOVES;&c CAaNTo IV. Enraptur'd Sylphs aroſe in murmuring crowds To air-woye canopies and pillowy clouds;
Each Gnome reluctant ſought his earthy cell, And each chill Floret clos'd her velvet bell. Then, on ſoft tiptoe, NI61T approaching near Hung oer the tunecleſs Iyre his ſable ear;
Gem d with bright ſtars the Mill ethereal plain,
And bade his Nightingales repeat the ftrain.
<<Ürii IE

ADDITIONAL NOTES.
ADDITIONAL note to Curcuma. Cantol. 1,65. Theſe antherleſs filaments ſeem to be an endeavour of the plant to produce more ſtamens, as would appear from ſome experiments of Mr. Reynier, inſtituted for another pur- poſe: he cut away the ſlamens of many flowers, with de- ſign to prevent their fecundity, and in many inſtances the flower threw out new filaments from the wounded part of different lengths, but did not produce new anthers,. The experiments were made on the geum rivale, differ- ent kinds of mallows, and the zechinops citro« Critical Review for March, 1738.
Addition to the note on Iris. Cantol. L 71. Inthe Per- ſian Iris the end of the lower petal 1s purple, with white edges and orange ſtreaks, creeping, as it were, Into the
mouth of the flower like an inſe&; by which deception
15 t 5»' m; - 1:66) / DU 197-
Ä

240 ADDONAL NOWES!
In its native climate it probably prevents a ſimilar inſe& from plundering it of its honey: the edges of the lower petal lap over thoſe of the upper one, which prevents it from opening too wide on fine days, and facilitates its re- turn at night; whence the rain. is excluded, and the air admitted. See Polymorpha, Rubia, and Cypripedia;, in Nol.|
Additional note on Chondrilla, Canto I. 1. 97. In the na- tural ſtate of the expandeg fiower of the barberry, the ſlamens lie on the petals; under the concave ſummits of which the anthers ſhelter themſelves, and in this ſitua- tion remain perfectly rigid; but on touching the inſide of the filament near its baſe with a fine briſftle, or blunt needle, the ſtamen inſtantly bends upwards, and the an- ther, embracing the ſtigma, ſbeds its duſt. Obſervations on the Irritation of Vegetables, by T. E. Smith, M.D.
Addition to the note on Silene. Canto 1.1. 139. Iſawa plant of the Dionxza Muſcipula, Fly-trap of Venus, this day, in the collection of Sir B, Boothby,: Aſhburn-Hall, Derbyſhire, Aug. 2oth, 1788; and on drawing a ſtraw along the middle of the rib of the leaves as they lay upon the ground round the ſtem, each of them, in about a ſe-
cond of time, cloſed and doubled itſelf up, crofling the

nier infog the Doper Drevents it Es It je. d the air
edi2 in PEE
the na- 3: ey, he nmits of [5 ſitua« nfide of vr blunt the an- ations 0;
7 3W 2 „ this Hall, ſtraw ' upon ta le
ng tie
' X ; X :, Au 1558 4.4 0! 5] ? l[7 I 5 x) 17 1 1 MU ZU[“ "m[' ELY 1 N ;

/.
/ HALLI
/
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.z
Pp. ZV .
X

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 241
thorns over the oppoſite edge of the leaf, like the teeth of a ſpring rat-trap; ofthis plant I was favoured with an elegant coloured drawing, by Miſs Maria Jackſon, of Tarporly, in Cheſhire, a Lady who adds much botanical knowledge to many other elegant acquirements.
In the Apocynum Androſemifolium, one kind of Dog's-bane, the anthers converge over the nedaries, which conſiſt of five glandular oval corpuſcles ſurround-
ing the germ; and atthe ſame time admit air to the neC-
“taries at the interſtice between each anther. But when 4
Oy inſerts its proboſcis between theſe anthers to plunder the honey, they converge cloſer, and with ſuch violence as to detain the fly, which thus generally periſhes. This account was related to me by R.W. Darwin, El[q. of EI- ſton, in Nottinghamſhire, who ſhewed me the plant in fßower, July 2d, 1788, with a fly thus held faſt by the end of its proboſcis, and was well ſeen by a magniſying lens, and which in vain repeatedly ſtruggled to diſengage itſelf, vll che converging anthers were ſeparated by means of apin: on ſome days he had obſerved that almoſt every flower of this elegant plant had a Ay in it thus entangled; and a few weeks afterwards fayoured me with his further obſervations on this ſubject.
«< My Apocynum is not yet out of flower. 1 have of- « ten viſited it, and have frequently found four or five
PART II. R

242 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
<< flies, ſome alive, and ſome dead, in its flowers 3; they << are generally caught by the trunk or proboſcis, ſome- <« times by the trunk and a leg; there 1s one at preſent << only caught by a leg: I don't know that this plant << ſleeps, as the flowers remain Open in the night; yet the << flies frequently make their eſcape. In a plant of Mr. “c Ordoyno's, an ingenious gardener at Newark, who is < poſleſled of a great collection of plants, I ſaw many <«< flowers of an Apocynum with three dead flies in each; << they are a thin-bodied fly, and rather leſs than the << common houſe-fly; but I have ſeen two or three other << ſorts of flies thus arreſted by the plant. Aug. 12, GEH 17 0190.74
Additional note on Jex, Canto 1. 1 161. The eMH- cient cauſe, which renders the hollies prickly in Need- wood Foreſt only as high as the animals can reach them, may ariſe from the lower branches being conſtantly crop- ped by them, and thus ſhoot forth more laxuriant foliage: it is probable the ſhears in garden-hollies may produce the ſame effet, which is equally curious, as prickles are
not thus produced on other plants,
Additional note on Ulva. Canto 1. 1 415. M. Hubert
made ſome obſervations on the air contained in the cavi-
ez mein Mr ÄE rl MERT 221 TIERE GI BIREDTER EI EIIIE Wenge 4 IN WII DRE
erhaelt MÄWRNTIS. Cebit rind im

Lumpen äriccz nemen Zia EIT ZSS ÜTG ESS IIR SIS EINEIN ERRENÜG
ADDITIONAL NOTES. 243
- ties of the bambou. The ſtems of theſe canes were from 40 to 50 feet in height, and 4 or 5 inches in diameter, Preſent! 3;< and might contain about 30 pints of elaſtic aur. He cut ai a bambou, and introduced a lighted candle into the cavity, 7 iv which was extinguiſhed immediately on its entrance. He | tried this about 60 times in a cavity of the bambou, con- R taining about two pints. Heintroduced mice at different aug times into theſe cavities, which ſeemed to be ſomewhat al affe&ed, but ſoon recovered their agility. The ſtem of nh the bambou 1s not hollow till it riſes more than one foot NG from the earth; the diviſions between the cavities are ID convex downwards. Obſerv. ſur la Physique, par M. | Rözier, 1: 33- P- 13% die Addition to the note on Tropeolum. Canto IV. 1. 45. In NGE Sweden a very curious phenomenon has been obſerved on hem, certain flowers, by M. Haggren, Le&urer in Natural NE Hiſtory. One evening he perceived a faint flaſh of light ag“ repeatedly dart from a Marigold; ſurpriſed at ſuch an oauce uncommon appearance, he reſolved to examine it with es an- attention; and, to be aſlured that it was no deception of the eye, he placed a man near him, with orders to make a ſignal at the moment when he obſerved the light. They Aubert both ſaw it conſtantly at the ſame moment, Pn The light was moſt brilliant on Marigolds of an
82
53555= Ge ne A SA INNEN EE EE a 5 Ein A R EITE EEN In

244 KDDITIONAL NOTES:
orange or flame colour, but ſcarcely viſible on pale Ones.
The flaſh was frequently ſeen on the ſame flower two or three times in quick ſucceſlion, but more commonly at intervals of ſeveral minutes; and when ſeveral Aowers in the ſame place emitted their light together, it could be obſerved at a conſiderable diſtance,
This phenomenon was remarked in the months of July and Auguſt, at ſun-ſet, and for half an hour after, when the atmoſphere was clear; but after a rainy day, or when the air was loaded with vapours, nothing of it was ſeen.
The following foqwers emitted flaſhes, more or leſs vivid, in this order:
1. The Marigold,("Calendula officinalis).
2. Garden Naſturtion,("Tropeolum majus).
3. Orange Lily,(Lilium bulbiferum).
4. African Marigold,(Tagetes patula et erefta).
Sometimes it was alſo obſeryed on the Sun-flowers, (Helianthus aunuus). But bright yellow, or flame-co- lour, ſeemed in general neceſſary for the produdttion of this light; for it was never ſeen on the flowers of any other colour.
To diſcover whether ſome little inſects, or phoſpharic worms, might not be the cauſe of it, the flowers were carefully examined even with a microſcope, without any ſuch being found.

Y
ADDERONAHNOBES: 245
Nn pl From the rapidity of the flaſh, and other circumſtances, it might be conje&ured, that there is ſomething of elec-
Wer two tricity in this phenomenon. Itis well known, that when
1070000) the p7/2i/ of a lower is impregnated, the po//en burſts away
Dower by its elaſticity, with which ele&ricity may be combined.
ould be But M. Haggren, after having obſerved the flalh from the Orange-lily, the anthers of which are a conſiderable
of July ſpace diſtant from the petals, found that the light pro-
» When ceeded from the pe/a/s only; whence he concludes, that
drwhen this eleC&ric light is cauſed by the polen, which in flying
as ſeen, off is ſcattered upon rhe petals. Obſer. Phyſique par M.
ec orleß Rezier, Viel XXXL ph
|
',
10wers,
ne-Co-
tion of
of any
oſphan
ers weir
hout 30)
|

246 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
Addition to the note on Upas. Canto III. 1. 238.
Deoſeription of the Poiſon-Tree in?he Iſland of Java. Tranſlated from the Original Dutch/ N. PP. Facrich:
THIS deſtrudtive tree is called in the Malayan lan- guage Bobun-Upas, and has been deſcribed by naturaliſts; but their accounts have been ſ0 tin&ured with the mar- vellous, that the whole narration has been ſuppoſed to be an ingenious fition by the generality of readers. Nor 15 this in the leaſt degree ſurpriſing, when the circumſtances which we ſhall faitchfully relate in this deſcription are con- ſidered.
I muſt acknowledge, that I long doubted the exiſt- ence of this tree, until a ſtricter inquiry convinced me of my error. I hall now only relate ſimple unadorned facts, of which I have been an eye-witneſßs. My readers may depend upon the fidelity of this account. In the year 1774, I was ſtationed at Batavia, as a ſurgeon, in the ſer- vice of the Dutch Faſt-India Company. During my re- ſidence there I received ſeveral different accounts of the
Bohun-Upas, and the violent effeäs of its poiſon, They

38,
and f wf
an lan
uraliſs;
the mar-
0010106711 Nor 13
nſtances
are CO1n-
» exilt- meof dfadts, ers May the yea! theſer- y my 6 ts of the 0, They
ADDITIONAL NOTES. 247
all then ſeemed incredible to me, but raiſed my curioſity in ſo high a degree, that I reſolved to inveſtigate this ſübje& thoroughly, and to truſt only to my o7v7 08/27va- tions. In conſequence of this reſolution, I applied to the Governor-General, Mr. Petrus Albertus van der Parra, for a paſs to travel through the country: my requeſt was granted; and, having procured every information, 1 ſet out on my expedition. I had procured a recommendation from an old Malayan prieſt to another prieſt, who lives on the neareſt inhabitable ſpot to the tree which 1s about fifteen or ſixteen miles diſtant. The letter proved of great ſervice to me in my undertaking, as that prieſt is ap- pointed by the Emperor to refſide there, in order to pre- pare for eternity the ſouls of thoſe who for different crimes are ſentenced to approach the tree, and to procure the poiſon.
The Bohun-Upas is ſituated in the iſland of 7ava, about twenty-ſeven leagues from Ba/avia, fourteen from Soura- Charta, the ſeat of the Emperor, and between eighteen and twenty leagues from Tinkjoe, the preſent reſidence of the Sultan of Java. It is ſurrounded on all ſides by a circle of high hills and mountains; and the country round it, to the diſtance often or twelve miles from the tree, 15 entirely barren. Not a tree nor a ſhrub, nor even the
leaſt plant or graſs is to be ſeen. 1 have made the tour
R.4

248 ADPDFTONALNOVES:
all around this dangerous ſpot, at about eighteen miles diſtant from the centre, and I found the aſpe& of the Country on all ſides equally dreary. The eaſieſt aſcent of the hills is from that part where the old eccleſiaſtic dwells. From his houſe the criminals are ſent for the poi- ſon, into which the points of all warlike inſtruments are dipped. Itis of high value, and produces a confiderable revenue to the Emperor.
Account of the manner in zwhich the Poiſon 15 procured.
The poiſon which 1s procured from this tree 1s a gum that iſſues out between the bark and the tree itſelf, like the camphor. Malefactors, who for their crimes are ſen- tenced to die, are, the only perſons who fetch the poiſon; and this 1s the only chance they have of ſaving their lives. After ſentence 18 pronounced upon them by the Judge, they are aſked in court, whether they will die by the hands of the executioner, or whether they will 90 to the Upas tree for a box of poiſon? They commonly prefer the latter propoſal, as there is not only ſome chance of pre- ſerving their lives, but alfo a certainty, in caſe of their ſafe return, that a proviſion will be made for them in fu- ture by the Emperor. They are alſo permitted to aſk a
favour from the Emperor, which is generally of a trifling

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 249
. ny nature, and commonly granted. T hey are then provided ' fte with a filver or tortoiſe-Mhell box, in which they are to | aſcent put the poiſonous gum, and are properly inſtrudted how lelaſtic to proceed while they are upon their dangerous expedi- 1 poi- tion. Among other particulars, they are always told to vs are attend to the direfion of the winds; as they are to gO enable| towards the tree before the wind, 10 that the eMuvia (com the tree is always blown from them. They are told likewiſe, to travel with the utmoſt diſpatch, as that is ured, the only method of inſuring a ſafe return. They are at- terwards ſent to the houſe ofthe old prieſt, to which place 2 oum they are commonly attended by their friends and relations. 15 Ike| Here they generally remain ſome days, in expeCtation of EIER 70 3 favourable breeze. During that time the eccleſiaſtic oilon;| prepares them for their future fate by prayers and admo- 9M7 IH nitions. Mgt, When the hour of their departure arrives, the prieſt us puts them on a long leather-cap, with two glaſſes before Upas their eyes, which comes down as far as their breaſt; and En alſo provides them wich a pair of leather-gloves. They (32 are then condudted by the prieſt, and their friends and re- heit ations, about two miles on their Journey. Herethe prieſt 12a3 repeats his inſtructions, nd tells them where they are to 28 look for the tree: He Mews them a hill, which they are Tifino cold to aſcend, and that on the other ſide they will find a
j
as zu LERS
Lene nn emen nn ur.>= ESN

2,50 ADDFFIONAL- NOTES,
rivulet, which they are to follow, and which will condu& them directly to che Upas. They now take leave of each other; and, amidſt prayers for their ſucceſs, the delinquents haſten away.
The worthy old ecclefiaſtic has aſlured me, that during his reſidence there, for upwards of thirty years, he had diſmiſled above ſeven hundred criminals in the manner which I have deſcribed; and that ſcarcely two out of twenty have returned. He ſhewed me a catalogue of all the unhappy ſüufferers, with the date of their departure from his houſe annexed; and. a. lilt: of the. offenges for which they had been condemned: to which was added, a Liſt of thoſe who had returned in ſafety. I afterwards ſaw another liſt of theſe culprits, at the Jail-keeper's at Soura- Charta, and found that they perfedtly correſponded with each other, and with the different informations which I afterwards obtained.
1 was preſent at ſome of theſe melancholy ceremonies, and deſired different delinquents to bring with chem ſome pieces ofthe wood, or a ſmall branch, or ſome leaves oſthis wonderful tree. I have allo given them ſlk cods;defir-
ing them to meaſure its thickneſs.] never could procure more than two dry Icaves that were picked up by one of them on his return; and all I could learn from him, con- cetning the tree itſelf, was, that it Kood on the bord
23 5
er of

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 251
Ul condug WE Of each 4 rivulet, as deferibed by the old Prieſt; that it was of a lelinouents middling ſize; that five or ſix young trees of the ſame kind ſtood cloſe by itz but that no other fhrub or plant aii could be ſeen near itz and that the Emu was of a "is i04 browniſh ſand, full of ſtones, almoſt(MBE ee for travelling, and covered with dead bodies. After many 5er converſations with the old Malayan prieſt, 1 queſtioned E. öh about the fir BDK and aſked his opinion of Ee Dis dangerous tree; upon which he gave me the follow- DE ing anſwer ve cc We are told in our new Alcoran, that, above an hun- p ij<: dred years ago, the country around the tree was inha- “ ir<< bited by a people rongly addicted to the ſins of Sodom 8<< and Gomorrah; when the great prophet Mahomet de- 45< termined not to ſuffer them to lead ſuch deteflable lives 499<< any longer, he applied to God to puniſh trhem: upon << which God cauſed this tree to grow out of the earth, HE cc which deſtroyed them all, and rendered the country for lome<« ever uninhabitable." of this Such was the Malayan opinion. 1 ſhall not attempt a deli| comment; but muſt obſerve, that all trhe Malayans con- rocure| ſider this tree as an holy inſtrument of the great prophet oncol to puniſh the ſins of mankind; and, therefore, to die of vr| the poiſon of the Upas 18 generally conſidered among der of| them as an honourable death. For that reaſon 1 allo ob-
1 0. 20
Gui SIE IEEE 28 ENE nra u 55h Gr AES Übe: TIERE u. 4 nerft ud KEG: zei

262 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
ſerved, that the delinquents, who were going to the tree, were generally drefled in their beſt apparel.
This however is certain, though it may äppear incredi- ble, that from fifteen to eighteen miles round this tree; not only no human creature can exilt, but that, in that ſpace of ground, no living animal of any kind has ever been diſcovered. I have alſo been aſlfured by ſeveral per- ſons of veracity, that there are no fiſh in the waters, nor has any rat, mouſe, or any other vermin, been ſeen there; and when any birds Ay ſo near this tree that the eMuvia reaches them, they falla ſacrifice to the efeds of the poiſon. This circumſtance has been aſcertained by different de- linquents, who, in their return, have ſeen the birds drop down, and have picked them up dead, and brought them to the old eccleſiaſtic.
I will here mention an inſtance, which proves the fact
beyond all doubt, and which happened during my ſtay at Java.
In 1775 a rebellion broke out among the ſubjets of the Maſſay, a ſovereign prince, whoſe dignity isnearly equal to that of the Emperor. They refuſed to Pay a duty im- poſed upon them by their ſovereign, whom they openly oppoſed. The Maſlay ſent a body of a thouſand tr0oPs to diſperſe the rebels, and to drive them, with their families,
. 8.0.../ out of his dominions. Thus four hundred families, con-
=>
-. .Z2

fe tres,
Incred;- 118 tree, in that 'S Eyer | per- 3) NO there; flv polſon, ent de- 3 drop them
eas 39 a
5 of qual 7 1m- Deny ps(0 ies,
con-
ADDITIONAL NOTES. 253
fiſting of above ſixteen hundred ſouls, were obliged to leave their native country. Neither the Emperor nor the Sultan would give them protedtion, not only becauſe they were rebels, but alſo through fear of diſpleaſing their Neighbour, the Maſſay. In this diſtreſsful ſituation, they had no other reſource than to repair to the uncultivated parts round the Upas, andrequeſted permiſſion of the Em- peror to ſettle there. Their requeſt was granted, on con- dition of their fixing their abode not more than twelve or fourteen miles from the tree, in order not to deprive the inhabitants already ſettled there at a greater diſtance of their cultivated lands. Wirth this they were obliged to comply; but the conſequence was, that in leſs than two months their number was reduced to about three hun- dred. The chieß of thoſe who remained returned to the Maſſay, informed him of their loßes, and intreated his pardon, which induced him to receive them again as[ub- Jets, thinking them ſufiiciently puniſhed for their miſ- condudt. 1 have ſeen and converſed with ſeveral of thoſe who ſurvived ſoon after their return. They all had the appearance of perſons tainted with an infectious diſorder; hey looked pale and weak, and from the account which they gave of the loſs of their comrades, and of the ſymp- toms and circumſtances which attended their diflolution, ſuch as convulſions, and other ſigns of a violent death, 1
was fully convinced that they fell vietims to the poilon,

254 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
This violent effe& of the poiſon at ſo great a diſtance from the tree, certainly appears ſurpriſing, and almoſt in- credible: and eſpecially, when we conſider that it is poſ- ſible for delinquents who approach the tree to return alive. My wonder, however, in a great meaſure, ceaſed, after I had made the following obſervations:
1 have ſaid before, that malefactors are inſtructed to go to the tree with the wind, and to return againſt the wind. When the wind continues to blow from the ſame quarter while the delinquent travels thirty, or ſix and thirty miles, iſhe be of a good conſtitution, he certainly ſurvives. But what proves the moſt deſtrudtive 18, that there 15 no de pendence on the wind in that part of the world for any
length of time.--There are no regular land-winds; and
the ſea-wind is not perceived there at all, the ſituation of
the tree being at too great a diſtance, and ſurrounded by high mountains and uncultivated foreſts. Beſides, the wind there never blows a freſh regular gale, but is com- monly merely a current of light, ſoft breezes, which paſs through the different openings of the adjoining mountains. It is allo frequently difficult to determine from what part of the globe the wind really comes, as it is divided by various obſtrudtions in its paſſage, which eaſily change the direion of the wind, and often totally deſtroy its effects. 1, therefore, impute the diſtant effets of the poilon, in
a great meaſure, to the conſtant gentle winds in thoſe parts,
<> Zezönuuen

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 255
Üſtunce which have not power enough to diſperſe the poiſonous noft in- particles. If high winds were more frequent and durable 18 poſ- there, they would certainly weaken very much, and even retum deſtroy the obnoxious eMuvia of the poiſon; but without ea them the air remains infected and pregnant with theſe | poiſonous vapours,. 0 30| I am the more convinced of this, as the worthy eccle- vnd,| ſiaſtic aſlured me, that a dead calm 15 always attended with aer the greateſt danger, as there is a continual perſpiration miles, iſluing from the tree, which is ſeen to riſe and ſpread in . But the air, like the putrid ſteam of a marſhy cavern. 06| 7 Experiments made with the Gum of:be UpAas- 1 REE« ; and| 10) M In the year 1776, in the month of February, I was deb 1 preſent at the execution of thirteen of the Emperor's con- „the cubines, at Soura-Charta, who were convicted of infidelity 0m- to the Emperor's bed. It was in the forenoon, about paſs eleven 9'clock, when the fair criminals were led into an AU, open ſpace within the walls of the Emperor's palace. part There the judge paſſed ſentence upon them, by which d by they are doomed to ſuffer death by a lancet poiſoned with e the Upas. After this the Alcoran was preſented to them, ee. and they were, according to the law of their great prophet 0, I Mahomet, to acknowledge and to afirm by oath, that part

mers 5-:+ SE.47 Bm aer aEnnu 20m
256 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
the charges brought againit them, together with the ſen- tence and their puniſhment, were fair and equitable. This they did, by laying their right hand upon the Alcoran, their left hands upon their breaſt, and their eyes lifred to- Sards heaven s" be judge Wen held thealcoran'ts their lips, and they kiſſed it. Theſe ceremonies over, the executioner proceeded on his buſineſs in the following manner:= Thirteen poſts, each about five feet high, had bcen previouſly ereded. To theſe the delinquents were faſtened, and their breaſts ſtripped naked. In this ſituation they remained a ſhort time in continual prayers, attended by ſeveral prieſts, un- tl a ignal was given by the Judge to the executioner; on which the latter produced an inftrument, much like the ſpring lancet uſed by farriers for bleeding borſes. Wuith his inſtrument, it being poiſoned with the gum of the Upas, the unhappy wretches were lanced in the middle of their breaſts, and the operation Was performed upon them all in leſs than two minutes.
My aſtoniſhment was raiſed to the higheſt degree, when I beheld the ſudden effe&s of that poiſon, for in about five minutes after they were lanced they were taken with a zremor attended with a /ub/urtus tendinum, after which they died in the greateſt agonies, crying out to God
and Mahomet for mercy. In ſixteen minutes by my watch,
Ie „En
<<uzuuweiiiziimmunennenne"“""rr"=mzuÖn
vi (| (Ho it: d:
a

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 259 Übef which I held in my hand, all the criminals were no more. Dle, Thi Some hours after their death, I obſerved their bodies : Alcoran, full of livid ſpots, much like thoſe of the Petechig, their 3 red tos faces ſwelled, their colour changed to a kind of blue, their 0 to their eyes looked yellow,&c.&c.
About a fortnight after this, I had an opportunity of eeded 01 leeing ſuch another execution at Samarang. Seven Ma- en polls, layans were executed there with the ſame inſtrument, and ' eredted, in the ſame manner; and I found the operation in the eir breaſts poiſon, and the ſpots in their bodies, exadly the ſame. .d 3 hort Theſe circumſtances made me deſirous to try an ex- rieſts, un- periment with ſome animals, in order to be convinced of iner; 01 the real effects of this poiſon; and as I had then two young AEN puppies, I thought them the fitteſt obje&ts for my pur- ji poſe. I accordingly procured with great dificulty ſome Ge grains of Upas. I diflolved halfa grain of that gum in a idle of ſmall quantity of arrack, and dipped a lancet into it. With on them this poliſoned inſtrument I made an inciſion in the lower
muſcular part of the belly in one of the puppies. Three
degree, minutes aſter it received the wound the animal began to OD
), for i0 cry out moſt piteouſly, and ran as faſt as poflible ſrom )
aiahe one corner of the room to the other. So it continued er
„fer during ſix minutes, when all its ſtrength being exhauſted, 111,
it fell upon the ground, was taken with convulſions, and utto Gx
vac died in the eleventh minute. I repeated this experiment ny Wand
eS 20 JOL I

258 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
with two other puppies, with a cat and a fowl, and found the operation ofthe poiſon in all of them the ſame: none oftheſe animals ſurvived above thirteen minutes. j
I thought it neceſſary to try alſo the effet of the poiſon
oiven inwardly, which I did in the following manner. I
diflolved a quarter of a grain of the gum in half an ounce
ofarrack, and made a dog of ſeven months old drink 1t. In ſeven minutes, a retching enſued, and I obſerved, at the ſame time, that the animal was delirious, as it ran uP and down the room, fell on the ground, and tumbled about; then it roſe again, cried out very loud, and in about half an hour after was ſeized with convulſions, and died. 1 opened the body, and found the ſtomach very much inflamed, as the inteſtines were in ſome parts, but not ſo much as the ſtomach. There was a ſmall quan- tity of coagulated blood in the ſtomach; but I could diſ- cover no orifice from which it could have iſſued; and therefore ſuppoſed it to have been ſqueczed out of the lungs, by the animal's[training while it was vomiting. From theſe experiments I have been convinced that rhe gum of the Upas 1s the moſt dangerous and moſt vio- lent of all vegetable poiſons; and 1 am apt to believe that it greatly contributes to the unhealthineſs of that iſland. Nor is this the only evil attending it: hundreds of the na-
tives of Java, as well as Europeans, are yearly deſtroyed
3
EIT

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 259 d found and treacherouſly murdered by that poiſon, either inter- 0; none nally or externally. Every man of quality or faſhion has ki his dagger or other arms poiſoned with itz and in times e poiſon of war the Malayans poiſon the ſprings and other waters ner,] with itz; by chis treacherous prattice the Dutch ſuffered 1 0unce| greatly during the laſt war, as it occaſioned the loſs of nk it, half their army, For this reaſon, they have ever ſince kept ved; at fiſh in the ſprings of which they drink the water, and ſen- tran up tinels are placed near them, who inſped the waters every wobled hour, to ſee whether the fiſh are alive. If they march |, and in with an army or body of troops into an enemy's country, ſons, and| they always carry live fiſh with them, which they throw: ach very into the water fome hours before they venture to drink itz parts, dut by which means they have been able to prevent their al] quan- total deſtruction. could dit- This account, I flatter myſelf, will ſatisfy the curioſity ed; and of my readers, and the few fads which I have related will t of the be conſidered as a certain proof of the exiſtence of this ing. pernicious tree, and its penetrating effets, jced that If it be aſked why we have not yet any more ſatisfac- moſt vio“ tory accounts of this tree, I can only anſwer, that the ob- elieve thät Jett of moſt travellers to that part of the world conſiſts hat and, more in commercial purſuits than in the ſtudy of Natural of the nt Hiſtory and the advancement of Sciences. Beſides, Java v deſtropt 18 10 univerially reputed an unhealthy iſland, that rich tra-
S2

260 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
vellers ſeldom make any long ſay in it; and others want
money, and generally are too ignorant of the language to
travel, in order to make inquiries. In future, thoſe who„KA wißt this iſland will now probably be induced to make it 3] an obje& of their reſcarches, and will furniſh us with a A
faller deſcription of this tree. 1 will therefore only add, that there exiſts allo a ſort of
Caive-Upas on the coaſt of Macaſler, the poiſon of which ]! t
operates nearly in che fame manner, but is not half ſo
violent or malignant as that of Java, and of which 1[Mall
SEE men vu Ge=D >. ZERREN
Jikewiſe g1ve a More dircumſtantial account In a deſcrip- O 4
tion of that iland.=-London Magaziit,

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 251 hers wan DUDE t thoſe who; Fen Another Account of the Boa Upas, or Poiſon-Tree of Gi: Macaſſer, from an inaugural Diſſertation publiſhed 0... by Chriſt. Ae]melzus, aud approved by Profeſlor lt Thunberg, at Upſal. of which t half ſ& DOCTOR AEJMELPDUS firſt ſpeaks of poiſons in 1 hall general, enumerating many virulent ones from the mineral 2(eſerip- and animal, as well as from the vegetable kingdoms of
Nature. Ofthe firſt he mentions arſenical, mercurial, and antimonial preparations; amongſt the ſecond he mentions the poiſons of ſeveral ſerpents, fiſhes, and inſe&ts; and amongſt the lait che Curara on the bank of the Oronoko, and the Woorara on the banks of the Amazones, and many others. But he thinks the ſtrongeſt is that of a tree hitherto undeſcribed, known by the name of Boa Upas, which grows in many of the warmer parts of India, Pprincipally in the iſlands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Bali, Macaßſler, and Celebes.
Rumphius teſtifies concerning this Indian poiſon, that it was more terrible to the Dutch than any warlike inſtru- ment; it 1s by him ſtyled Arbor toxicaria, and mentions two ſpecies of it, which he terms male and female; and deſcribes the tree as having a thick trunk, with ſpreading
5 2
[B]

2,62 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
branches, covered with a rough dark bark. The wood, he adds, is very ſolid, of a pale yellow, and variegated with black ſpots, but the frudtification is yet unknown.
Profeſlor Thunberg ſuppoſes the Boa Upas to be a Ceſtrum, or a tree of the ſame nätural family; and de- ſcribes a Ceſtrum ofthe Cape of Good Hope, the juice of which the Hottentots mix with the venom of a certain ſerpent, which i5-1a1d to Mereaſe. me deleterious qua- lity of them both.
The Boa Upas tree 1s eaſily recogniſed at a diſtance, being always ſolitary, the ſoil around it being barren, and 23 it were burnt up; the dried juice. is dark brown, ligut- fying by heat, like other refins» It is colle&ed with the greateſt caution, the perſon having his head, hands, and feet carefully covered with linen, that his whole body may be prote&ed from the vapour as well as from the drop- pings of the tree. No one can approach ſo near as to gather the juice, hence they ſupply bamboos, pointed like a ſpear, which they thruſt obliquely, with great force, into the trunk; the juice oozing out oradually fills the upper joint; and the nearer the root the wound is made, th€ more virulent the poiſon is ſuppoſed to be. Sometimes upwards of twenty reeds are left fixed in the tree for three or four days, that the juice may collect and harden
;n the cavities; the upper joint of the reed is then cut oft
2 SRE Se EEE RIE

mien et ZZ ZZG än GZ
ADDITIONAL NOTES. 263
evo)| from the remaining part, the concreted juice 15 formed EE into globules or ſticks, and is kept in hollow reeds, care- Known, fally cloſed, and wrapped in tenfold linen. It is every Wabe week taken out to prevent its becoming mouldy, which is de ſpoils it. The deleterious quality appears to be volatile, Jace of ſince it loſes much of its power ia the time of one year, "SFA and in a few years becomes totally effete. WFE The vapour of the tree produces numbneſs and ſpaſms of the limbs, and if any one ſtands under it bare-headed, he Uſance, loſes his hair; and if a drop falls on bim, violent inflam- arten, and mation enſues. Birds which ſit oa the branches a ſhort vpn, liqut time, drop down dead, and can even with dificulty fly d with tie over it; and not only no vegetables grow under it, but ands, and the ground is barren a ſtone caſt around it. body may A perſon wounded by a dart poiſoned with this juice the drop- feels immediately a ſenſe of heat over his whole body, near as[0 with great vertigo, to which death ſoon ſucceeds. A per- ned like ſon wounded with the Java poiſon was affected with re, into tremor of the limbs, and ſtarting of the tendons in five he upper minutes, and died in leſs than fixteen minutes, with marks nade, ür of great anxiety 3 the corpfe, in a few hours, was covered  wich petechial ſpots, the face became tumid and lead-co» e tree lt loured, and the white part of the eye became yellow. and bardet The natives try the ſtrength of their poiſon by a ſingu- hen cul lar teſt; ſome of the expreſſed juice of the root of Amo-
Oo 4
re 2 9 EZM gar HU Gez z tr REEL Is- a FE IEEE IEE a-
Sat Haa ten,
SS ZZ ZEE TORRENTS NNN NASSE AGS Tm M idm

264 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
mum Zerumbet is mixed with a little water, and a bit of the poiſonous gum or reſin is dropped into it; an effer- veſcence inſtantly takes place, by the violence of which they judge of the ſtrength of the poiſon.=-What air can be extricated during this efferveſcence?--This experi- ment is ſaid to be dangerous to the operator.
As the juice is capable of being diflolved in arrack, and is thence ſuppoſed to be principally of a reſinous nature, the Profeſſor does not credit that fountains have been poiſoned with it.
This poiſon has been employed as a puniſhment for ca- pital crimes in Macaſier and other iſlands; in thoſe caſes ſome experiments have been made, and when a finger only had been wounded with a dart, the immediate amputation of it did not ſave the criminal from death.
The poiſon from what has been termed the female tree, is leſs deleterious than the other, and has been uſed chiefly in hunting; the carcaſes of animals thus deſtroyed are eaten with impunity. The poifon-juice is ſaid to be uſed externally as a remedy againſt other poiſons, in the form of a plaſter; alſo to be uſed internally for the ſame pur- poſe; and is believed to alleviate the pain, and extract the poiſon of venomous inſeÜs ſooner than any other appli- cation.|
The author concludes that theſe accounts have been

ADDITIONAL NOTES. 265
and abit
tan| exaggerated by Mahomedan prieſts, who have perſuaded | z; effet.
*| their followers that the Prophet Mahomet planted this % NVA
"7 noxious tree as a puniſhment for the ſins of mankind. au an E 8 Z 3. EE An abſtra& of this Diſſertation of C. Aejmelzus 15 CIpetr ZIEHE::. given in Dr. Duncan's Medical Commentaries for the
5 7 ank aud Year 1790, Decad. 2d. Vol, V.
1018 nature,
have been
nent for t-
thoſe caſes finger only
amputation
male tree, ed chiefly oyed are ) be uled the form ame pur ztraa the
her appl“
have beet

( 266: JJ
Fairy-ſcene from Mr. Munay's Needwood Fore/?. Referred to zu Canto IV. 1. 35.
HERE, ſeen of old, the e/fin race Witch ſprightly vigils mark'd the place; Their gay proceſſions charm'd the ſight, Gilding the lucid noon of night; Or, when obſcure the midnight hour, Wirth glow-worm lantherns hung the bower. =-Hark!--the ſoft lute!--along the green Moves with majeſtic ſtep the Queen! Me Attendant Fays around her throng,| And trace the dance or raiſe the ſong; Or touch the ſhrill reed, as they trip, With finger light and ruby lip. High, on her brow ſublime, 1s borne One ſcarlet woodbine's tremulous horn; A gaudy Bee-bird's* triple plume
Sheds on her neck its waving gloom;
* The Zummwuing-bird,

][; or) 4
(4 2695.)
Witch filvery goffamer entwin'd Stream the luxuriant locks behind. Thin folds of tangled network break In airy waves adown her neck;=- Warp'd in his loom, the ſpider ſpread The far-diverging rays of thread, Then round and round with Muttle fine Inwrought the undulating line z=- Scarce hides the woof her boſom's In9w, One pearly nipple peeps below. One roſe-leaf forms her crimſon velt, The looſe edge crofles o'er her breaſt; And one tranſlucent fold, that fell From the tall lily's ample bell, Forms with ſweet grace her ſnow-white train, Flows, as ſhe ſteps, and ſweeps Ihe plain. Silence and Night inchanted gazt, And Heſper hides his vanquiſh'd rays!=-
Now the waked reed-finch ſwells his throat, And night-larks trill their mingled note: Yet huſb'd in moß with writhed neck The blackbird hides his golden beak; Charm'd from his dream of love, he wakes,
Opes his gay eye, his plumage ſhakes,
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(€ 268)
And, ſtretching wide each ebon wing,
Firſt in low whiſpers tries to ſing;
Then ſounds his clarion loud, and thrills
The moon-bright lawns, and hadowy hills.
Silent the choral Fays attend,
And then their ſilver voices blend, Each[hining thread of ſound prolong, And weave the magic woof of ſong. Pleaſed Philomela takes her ſtand
On high, and leads the Fairy band, Pours ſweet at intervals her Krain,
And guides with beating wing the train. Whilft interrupted Zephyrs bear Hoarſe murmurs from the diſtant wear; And at each pauſe is heard the ſwell
Of Echo's ſoft ſymphonious ſhell.

(12269 7)
CATALOGUE OF THE POETIC EXHIBITION.
EL-AN- TO. 5
line line Gaeoupofinſets..... 2 Derviſe proceflion».»»» 221 Tender huſband.....- 39 Lady in full dreſs...-» 229 SENZA UNMIKCHI4. ee ee 245 Lady on a preCipiCe.«-« 249 Rival 1ONErS+ 4.= Ir Palace in the ſea....-+ 203
Comet„aet mmer Vegetable lamb...+---+ 281 PIAFONIEHVIE vs OS NANA Se ed ee Ri 32,00
Monſter-huſband u dmm 7;» iegt 20 209 Qural happineſs.«+» 85 Mountain-ſcene by night 345
Clandeſtine marriage.«. 93 Lady drinking water... 359 Sympathetic lovers.»»-«+ 97 Lady and cauldron.... 373 NNONAHNGClOS--- eis 125 Medea and Aeſon ,.... ZSI
SES 000 00.008 15Pp, Aerial lady,».+---+... 391
GENSEa delle GOT Forlorn nymph..«+- 401 Mr. Wright's paintings 175 Galatea on the ſea,«++». 421 ANGUS 00 000098 16911 Lady frozen to a ſtatue 435
Autumnal ſcene.....»» 797

( 270)
EANSTOnRr
i Jine Air-balloon of-
KUES 090 0009000825 Arts of weaving and
DAUN. 2(0 0005 10050 207 Arkwright's cotton mills 85 Invention of dJetters,
figures, and crotchets 105
Mis. Delany's paper-
Mechaniſm of a watch, and deſign for its caſe 165
Time, hours, moments,. 133
CGEAEN D Witch and imps in a CHUTCNT 1 22 0e EEE Infpited PEEMER ZL: 39
FACS nIShtmare.... SI Cave of Thor and ſub- LEITANCAN NATAUS-».-. OS Medea and children,... 13 Palmyra Weeping.».+. 197 Group of wild creatures (UUNNR TINO iele eu= 5 Toefp SES 205 Poiſon-tree of Java.... 219 Me And LOULS+.»+»+» 25,5
NN SUNGGCA CEN+ ie 0 2 um
line "Transformation of Ne-
DUCHAUNGEZZAL:«»+ 27 ot. Anthony preaching
CON. ene ve 246 DOUCENEIS 4 eee eie eue 267 Miſs Crew's drawings.. 295 DONNMO VIAV-:-- 2a 300 PROM CENe 14 es 222 Diſcovery of the bark.. 347 Moſes ſtriking the rock 405 910. 20 0.24 NIG Mr. Howard and priſons, 439
O7
Lady ſhot in battle.... 269 RAUL OLS+ 4 eee ee ete 329 Laocoon and his ſons... 335 Drunkards and diſeaſes.. 357 Prometheus and the vul-
[UTE 2 vis GIBSON BER Lady burying her child
NUE PLAINE«+=. es 387 Moſes concealed on the
Ne. 0000 2000 3 olavery of the Africans,.« 439 NNTEeEPINS NUE es 465

„69.100 18, 439 40 40)
CEZAUNF IE OE IVZ
line
Maid of night».+»»»»- I3 JS OR nou ROE 2 TIGE 1Ädy- is„veel 43 Shadrec, Meſhec, and Abednego, in the fiery NUTNACE He alen eee ee 0 155 SHEPRELNCHTS.++»-2z-12,* 173 SONSHO ECHO.»».... 79 Kingdom of China.«... 107 Lady and diſtaff...... I15 Cupid ſpinning....... 132 Lady walking in ſnow,. 137 Gde a PRS ELNZ NEnuSJARdMEOVEeS. 111050 WERTES BE NEO BIETE (NIS DALINIP.f>=»«UOD Mermaid and Nereids,. 2032 bei Ne 850606504 23 DEOUSEWALC- une 200 01 een IG Lady in regimentals,.. 283
DeJanira in a lion's kin 289
Offspring from the mar-
riage of the Roſe and
NENE 6905050: Parched deſerts in Africa Turkiſh lady in an un-
ANGST LUG LIREIESCn 0 E00
Ice-ſcene in Lapland...
Loch-lomond by moon-
Nen 0 n0905090000-
Hero and Leander.....
Gnome-huſband and pa-
lace under ground...
Lady meleled im 209.2
Sylph-huſband....++
WINLINE CAVE IE IETI
[PFOLEUS=IOVENT+ neee Lady on a'Dolpim
Lady bridling a Pads
Lady ſaluted by a Swan
Hymeneal proceſſion...
DEN E10 05019. 9.0050 50 DERS ISLE

CONTENTS. OF THE NOTES.
GREIN LT 0 ZD
SeEDS of Canna uſed for prayer-beads«. ow+oo.boveer. Stems and leaves of Callitriche ſo matted together, as they float on the water, as to bear a perſon walking on them. The female in Collinſonia approaches firit to one of the males, and then to the other. Females in Nigella and Epilobium bend towards the males for ſome days, and Wen CAVE NET He Ea e hope eſ oNe ulnae ete nel ehe 900 The ſtigma or head of the female in Spartium(common broom) is produced amongſt the higher ſet of males; but when the keel-leaf opens, the piſtil ſuddenly twiſts round like a French horn, and places the ſtigma amidſt the lower SEE OCT ATE SE NE eta he ha lieh auge 2a foifel 20 e Fe fo gel en ol 'The two lower males in Ballota become mature before the two higher; and when their duſt is ſhed, turn outwards from the female. The plants of the claſs Two Powers with naked ſeeds are all aromatic. Of theſe Marum and
Nepeta are delightful tO CAatS.--«+-«v+-«vrev»veov«veree
PART 11 1
Une
39
45
51
57
60

=
( 274)
The filaments in Meadia, Borago, Cyclamen, Solanum,&c. ſhewn 5y reafſoning to be the moſt unchangeable parts of EN OTC OWENS: alete hene aleo ene eee ee+ 0ls EI EEE ENDO:
Rudiments of two hinder wings are ſeen in the claſs Diptera, or two-winged inſe&ts. Teats of male animals. Fila- ments without anthers in Curcuma, Linum,&c. and ſtyles without ftigmas in many plants, fhew the advance
of the works of nature towards greater perfeCtion.....-
line
61
65
Double flowers, or vegetable monſters, how produced.... 09577
"The calyx and lower ſeries of petals not changed in double
SR R ES ESS EIS SGN SGG 0,52
69
Diſperfion of the duſt in nettles and other plants...«-«-« 73,75
Cedar and Cyprus unperiſhable......e»+o+--eveveev- Anthoxanthum gives the fragrant ſcent to hay...+.».+---- Viviparous plants: the Aphis is viviparous in ſummer, and OVIPATOUS IN AUTUMN«oe aooboebebeeeeeeee eee ene Irritability of the tamen of the plants of the claſs Synge- nefia, or Confederate males.......»»-»->--->-..-..-.»»
Some 6&f the males in Lychnis, and other flowers, arrive
(30er AL THC MALUHEY,=.+» ever ent nn». TOO
Males approach the female in Gloriofa, Fritillaria, and WENGE SES SS USE GERA ARI DINGE MEINE Contrivances to deſtroy inſe&s in Silene, Dionza muſcipula, Arum muſcivorum, Dypſfacus,&&C..«.+---»»-«»+--.-- Some bell-flowers cloſe at night; others hang the mouths downwards; others nod and turn from the wind; famens bound down to the piſtil in Amaryllis formoſiſhma; piſtil
is crooked in Hemerocallis lava, yellow day-1]y..+.»
73 86
119
152
"fn
) al

| | line|( 275) am,&c,|- | M:|' lins parts of Thorns and prickles deſigned for the defence of the plant; “...(5 tall Hollies have no prickles above the reach of cattle... 161 iptera, Bird-lime from the bark of Hollies like elaſtic gum, ,.... Ib. Fila- Adanſonia the largeſt tree known, its dimenſions..«..... 183 c, and Bulbous roots contain the embryon flower, ſeen by difſect- Ivance Ing a tulip-TOOL.«ee» eve.» rere evevrereree.» 204 eeheiee 105 Flowers of Colchicum and Hamamelis appear in autumn, 1.109,99 and ripen their ſeed in the ſpring(ONO WINGS SLIDES dovble Sunflower turns to the ſun by nutation, not by gyration... 221 205576 Diſperlion of ſredlS.....+»-+--»++-»-»-v-»-».v-»»r. rr.» eve» 224 DEI Droſera CAtches Flieg»... rt eu LE Se ie H22,:G EE Of the nedary, its ſtrutture to preſerve the honey from in- Allan 17(BGE er auenetgienen ene rekenen een Fie ue 0 5e 10Fw 501328 bis kW 0019 ze 0 ele ZEE 1er, and Curious proboſcis of the Sphinx Convolvuli.....+...... Ib. Benain Final cauſe ofthe reſemblance of ſome flowers to inſects, as Synge- EN NN R BINCHEN BINN GISA EE EG, In ſome plants of the claſs Tetradynamia, or Four Powers, E08 the two ſhorter ſamens, when at maturity, nſe as high as ..108,119 VE WS SES IN SSO SE I EISI DB EEE IE DGT ZIER , and Ice in the caves on Teneriff, which were formerly hollowed gig 17 by volcanic freS....+...»-+.+.++.v-.v-eveev-erveveve» 10, jpula, Some paraſites do not injure trees, as Tillandfia and Epi- Q
GABEN NIED DH 0 VI SBN UND ODO BI 2 LISI
MEERI]
Moſles growing on trees injure them........+---»»-»--+- 10.
mouths ;:;; Marriages of plants neceſſary to be celebrated in(Ne au 204 ſtamens ti Inſedts with legs on their bacKkS....-+.-+»---»-»-+»»-»».-.--- 1b. NW j ne I 1; Scarcity of grain in wet ſeaſonS.«-=++++.-..-..........: 1 HENN 37 8 N 7 2 8 PS Tartarian lamb; uſe of down on vegetables; air, glaſs, | N
ax SWEET kenn

( 276)
wax, and fat, are bad condudors of heat; ſnow does not E
moiſten the living animals buried in it, illuſtrated by
burning campliorInMnow...%%::4 2:5... DE ESHIERSER Ie 282 QQEEICONAPIE OL LNEHENNÜNE DIANE 5 2 eiue u 299 DI dSTONPANAZE h-f5000.51 a 5006 5 40f 8 dN El eu Eie egen Sed 320 Fle AeCquUITEd/HADUSION PLANTS: 1 ote hee ea iet.3. 491D, Irritability of plants increaſed by previous expoſure to cold. ib. Lichen produces the firſt vegetation on rocks....... 0048.20] Plants Boldlng WAeEN Goi 1010.01 04 582 METIECE SERGESES ENEN 365 Nladder colouis the bones of young animals+... 4-7 373 Colours Or animals 1eive t0 CONGEAl FNem td In 1b. NVALMSDANINIONTEFANUSIOIMA DE. 1-6 15 21. 08 8 eee E H Ie 385 Ban SUND OnAWIHOoUt LKINGIKOO 1»: aper 302 Male flowers of Valliſneria detach themſelves from the plant,
ANGHIOASTOENE MENA Ee ONRECS ph. ee Me H H ADE 403 Air in Ue CEINSOF PLANTS, 1468 VATOUS UſCS-...-.-+ und 415 SNINZDJAAUENS OL INN eds dagokogeizge Beten EINE er RE ES RIET Ib. How Mr. Day probably loſt his life in his diving ſhip..... ib. Star-gelly is VOIJEdIBY HeionSa+4.» 4.4.0.2... ABS Tntoxicating muſhrooms... wis GEE RIEN Sagan 1b. Muſhrooms grow without light, and approach to animal
MA BUNE R He: edel H0L254 52 NTRSLSIS SI TLSES AT HESSENS EIER GL BERN AIEIES GB:
EG AINZSTO2717
Seeds of Tillandfa fly on long threads, like ſpiders on the
GONAMEGN 2.5.4.1 Hefe fa eie 2ehe eov»vo0600. oe. uerver..

I(2 206:7) does no; Jine j |"AcCOUNEOTCORON INS. ue eee ee u een u u oe 8 u deR 05 E rated byla|;/ 4 . INVENONONIEters NFUnTCSHEIOLENetsN: 5... wos ß SIEM Mrs. Delany's and Mrs. North's paper-gardens......... 155; 3, Whe bor6clope of: PIO MEA RE eee es€ 22 WOS SEEN The white petals of Helleborus niger become firſt red, and FAN RS Ihen CHANCE HNO AISTECNN CALA 1.1 900008 ee ee DOT cold, ib, Bernes OVIenHPeNnHuNninOxIcatemnl«=... 2209 ete 4 7 HRC GES OM OPINII 9521815809912 90605 1052000008120 005 10 10 Ie IR ELO 202000. 0) ANFONTIPDIECE DJ VIHSICHEWE+-- 9.. mn I RIOS (MDL IE Petals of Ciſtus and Oenothera continue but a few hours. 305 u Db Method of collecting the gum from Ciſtus by leathern er Zj ORN GSPE GHR BREE ESE ERL ENE RE ES DEE SIE IR ST REINE GNG 0622227 1 MO IGCOVERVFOMFNCHDARK Eule weten eele keene 0N ded 2 SS oug neee 2200 veplant, FOSIOVE NOW UCH NLOTOPHES".»'».»»=» ee mee es ae ee de et IN 2002170 Biſhop of Marſeilles and Lord Mayor of London.....-.. 435 „00600(8 ET HEN Gin [19690 288:2435 CA Ni: JE Or. MT: is| Superſtitious uſes of plants, the divining rod, animal mag- m WEESEN SIE SSS SS ZDS ESOA EIC OE DEL ... H Intoxication of the Pythian Prieſfteſs, poiſon from Laurel leaves, and from Cherry kernels.....-- EE IAD EEN Ak8) Sleep conſiſts in the abolition of voluntary power; night- ALC EX DIAINCH- 28»+. eee ede ufs ue 0 ee Se ei ETA Indian fig emmits ſlender cords from its ſummit....-..-«- 89 „on the Cave of Thor in Derbyſhire, and fübterraneous rivers ex- JI NESS R A I EO HEINEN DE HESEL;
6

(5 280:)
The capſule of the Geranium makes an hygrometer; Bar-
ley Creeps out Of a barn. euleni enum mien Mir. Edgeworth's ere&ping hygrofnietet 14 Ju=»3 wn Flower of Fraxinella flaſhes on the approach of a candle.. Eſſential oils narcotic, poiſonous, deleterious to inſects... Dew-drops om Mancinella bliſter the Bain, 244.110. Uſes of poiſonous juices in the vegetable economy....... The fragrance Of, plants a PALE O6 FEIN delente.»--unue Thiedlng. aud podan:otf a nete+. week 5ER ds dis
Vapour from Lobelia ſuffocative; unwholeſomneſs of per-
fümedbair-PeWdern...-»----- ie IEE ue E Tepe bei(NEEL EuG PEIINS ON ANNA 4:4. eee ieee SERER IE NSU 1 MINE POHONZCELON NAV u eie EB Tulip-roots die annually..... REIEN ZES WEER EE DRE EN EE ELIE Hyacinth and Ranunenlüs 1008... 4. MENZ OR 1 Is Vegetable conteſt for air and light...... GERE ESER LERE
Some voluble ſtems turn E. S. W. andoothers W. S.E... Tops of white bryony as grateful as aſparaguS.....+/...>-» Fermentation converts ſugar into ſpirit, food into poiſon.. Fable of Piometheus applied to dram-drinKers...--.---» Cyclamen buries its ſeeds and trifolium ſubterraneum..... Pits dug to receive the dead in the plagyC....»».»+»+-»-+--» Lakes'of America confiſt ot freih Water...---.-.---.»» The ſeeds of Caſlia and ſome others are carried from Ame-
rica, and thrown on the coaſts of Norway and Scotland
(QENHE GU NeCAML 4 le SN ESSEN EE BLUES EE BEEG TEES
Wonderful change preditted im the Gulf of Mexico,....
line
IGI 1bid 184 bid 138 ibid 1bid LOT
I93 197 233 259 1bid 329 1bid 1b1d 357 371 381
408 413
415 ibid 1bid

000 Ig7 v.... Ibid die ,, 184 8,6 Ibid .:.. 188 .... 3bid ned 1010
19269.0)) DING 299060 MM ſon., 35] .... 37 5009 ZU 14.2.109 „... 4 Ame-
otland 415 ibl
Semen u hiriE
FAN OF IVZ
In the flowers of Cactus grandiflorus and Ciſtus ſome of GRe MFAMEeNS ALEIPEHPEHLALY DEHULO Uelul.n:». 42 Nydanthes and others are only fragrant in the night; Cu- curbita lagenaria clofes when the ſun ſhines on it...... Tropeolum, naſturtion, emits ſparks in the twilight: Nec- EMS ID ASKED H ADI Se RR NE vod Phoſphboieſcent lichts mithe evVEDNo..-----."-»*-..-«w Hor embers caten by) DUIIEKOSS> 3-1. wie ee ee eee Long filaments of grafſes, the cauſe of bad ſeed wheat.... Chineſe hemp grew in England above fourteen feet in five IN OININSS 20 eu 219 9 80 eiu de 2 nfs 1 eEf SRS nean a EOS eee eil eee Roots of ſnow-drop and hyacinth inſipid like orchis.....- Orchis will ripen its ſeeds if the new bulb be cutoff..... DEONLETOUSMIOWEIS= 1 uu die 00 209 u ep el ehe ee ie rn unn ei eis The wax on the candle-berry myrtle faid to be made by MILG EUS Ei NER IHE 7EN EN SRH NEO IRT EN CL HEM The warm ſprings of Matlock produced by the condenſation of ſieam raifed from great depths by ſubterranean fres.. Air ſeparated from water by the attraction of points to water being leſs than that of the particles of water to each other Minute divifion of fub-aquatiC JeaVES....++-++»++---.-.. Water-creſß and other aquatic plants inhabit all climates.. Butomus eſculent; Lotus of Egypt; NymphBa..»-..----
Ocymum covered with ſalt every night....-»»»vrve»-»--
195 204 1bid
1bid
225

dmm rn
24. UE
(4.2800...) 3: line Salt a remote cauſe of ſcrofula, and immediate cauſe of ſea- (SWINGER EE R EE SR HEI Sn R nennen PDE Coloured ſpatha of As m, and blotched leaves, if they ſerve the purpoſe of a coloured petal.«+..+ob++bv+ber er» 2385 "Tulip roots-with a red cuticle produce red flowers..«-++ Ibid Of vegetable mules the internal parts, as thoſe of frudifica- tion, reſemble the female parent; and the external parts INE NATE LONE a ee u nel ee SIe ee ue a ei eie ei 305 “The ſame occurs in animal mules, as the common mule and the hinnus, ANG IN INECD.--»-----«.z u-----.--....=<- 1bid The wind called Harmattan from volcanic eruptions; ſome epidemic coughs or influenza have the ſame origin..«+ 328 Fiſh killed in the ſeca by dry ſummers in Alia...+.+++-» 334 Hedyſarum gyrans perpetually moves its leaves like the reſp1- EGO OE ANUNANS+ 1. ee we eee u es He ee Ene 3 Plants poſſeſs a voluntary power OF ANOLIOM 2a.57n when 000200 205 M INN Loud cracks from ice-mountains explained....+»+»-»---» 379 Muſchus corallinus vegetates below the ſnow, 0 the heat is always abOUL4O+.+++. SSEN I NE BEAGERSEREEES DE ZI Quick growth of vegetables in northern latitudes after the ſolution of the WE ENPIAMEd. GEN I ALNETEGO 1bid -"The Rail ſleeps in the noW..«+.».«--»-»»-5---»»**»***»* 1bid Conferva egagropila rolls about the bottom of lakes«---- 386 Lycoperdon tuber, truffle, requires no light.«+..++»»+»..» 414 [A CCOUNE OF CAPKIICANON re+10: eee eee een u ee vez eee er IADO Figs wounded with a ſtraw, and pears and plumbs wounded by inſects, ripen ſooner, and become GEHE ESI Female figs cloſed on all ſides, ſuppoſed to be monſters... ibid
Baſaltic columns produced by volcanoes fhewn by their form 455

1-4 <- [1 Kaf <- = >" FX;
fructifeg
emal parts
|
'
Ta hn h'" IKE INE TEIDL*
HHN KN)
SHEILA!
7 MSGEN [ KD 00 9 nl
SDI EN
w
0000
|
1 64 mbs wou
bytbei form 4
(Z1200 7) line
Byſlas floats on the ſea in the day, and ſinks in the night.. 459 Conferva polymorpha twice changes its colour and its form 468 Some ſeed-veſſels and ſeeds reſemble inſeQs,............ 1bid Individuality of flowers not deſtroyed by the number of males
or females which.they“contain............ 022200504 ke
"Trees are ſwarms of buds, which are individuals........ 1bid
INDEX OFFSTHEPINAMES OF THE. PLANTS!
iE.: Cinehenau ei MSLO
AADONIS>+34. Page 236 2,6
Aegagröpila.... E20) GTE R SE LAL ÄDTEE AUTEDEN ZE eue MINEN 1124 ÜO(GHWISGE 2 rieb OO JAIN ATV AUS 44411 de ERZ OCE USE dm a EIE 94 Anemone...... AU GGICHICUER ew u 2 2
2 Collina'S Conterva......... 226,234 NN SERN ICB 1971 UPFEI US dN EI EIE Guicuma 2 REI 8
BATON SLZ es SFZ Cuſeütag. fbi EITEN BENS E50€ M PELZ OT
ByluS 4 34 45 40 ME D22
GyiGlamen 4m 157 GEPELUS): 0. 2 mr 84
DENDUS ooo H BENZ DASS Boop T.27 DES EE MI O0 I08 WWodecatheont dum 6
(GAGEU STE LOO SENS ER SSE SING (GA INGICHER I as 2 2 ede CHM u EBBS EBE IZ (GENNADISE IL EEE E RIEN I97 VER DASL 3: IM EDLIGEZ SS al CPU HeUSIEEN: SERL220 WDE GTE SETE IE 30 SEAN IRE ASME 0 54705 DIY PREUS“ 2 6 2 Nl LEL Carvopaydlusi 4... 4 216 CAE EB EL 5 0 SEO OD ETEUSEE EE We AMEN ORB us EUS: 2 eee 2 IIS CHENda EE EE ELIE EGGS LIER IOG
PART IT(E]
Hpideidium“ 2...».. ELCH
ume+ wür iD GEIE ÄT KIS BUT EE EEN 6 m EIE ZENT BIS
Eau a een m TERN ITD
"NE AE
van EE Me dannn ASSE Eg

(. 282) Erpe nie de dR NGE NymphWAa+.e......- 89 Nelumbo»»-»--*-**+04 222 GalänthüS-„4: 199 GENUA dae eee ee 2 45 SKW ZY MUDE- wi 2 27 010 210 GIONOMA aue eee eee 07(DEGINST eus u Werfel eie 145 Goſly/PiUM«+++... 81 Oſmünda.»--.....'** 14 OMIS ee ame zei 2 5 12 Hedy'ſarum.+++..." 221 HeliänthyS-.+-----*--* 29 PO AVEN.+4» 2» eien a bree 97 Hell&boruS.»++..." 92 PapyNus bs 20 508 22008 84. HippömMane++... 138 PlantägO.-.«-..... 12 Polymörpha.«++++." 2,24 MEX„4-5 NE 220 2,2 Polypödium.«.«+-.57% 27 Impätiens«++... 4022 PINS pale pore hein ne fehe 45124: MIS Define eee eines Su ENNS R 2.2.22 48 Kleinhövia«++»... 25 GIÜENE++ 5ettnreie rener S9 Läpfana.+».-+-.- 22 600) Läuro-ceraſuSs.-+----* 124"Dr4DA Sw 5 ufa een uinis 207 Lichem iM 1302 45 Memella--».»--..> x58 PALUNL 24 028 0% edel 03058 80 TLropXx olum.++...“ TOL TL ObelHA abu worn ran 140 Trufelld een nnen 2,28 [LT ONIGCHA eee ur eee. 72 PU DA Un 4 822 zleungei DT VIEH, 25200 en erg 16 Lycoperdon.»«»- I SIF EEZ 8 Ulna 442 vn 000 ee 05he58 53 MS 9,0 20 44 508 EME 143 Mancinella..+-»»--»-"* 133 WnGER 4 906 MOE EE 139 NCAA u oven aan 1 NeliM en eere 00 Valliſneria..»-+»-»--* 32057 Meniſpermum.«».---- 94 ViſCUM 54-60.....* es Mim.» erer 30 5 Nis eid MER SAH 155 MüſchuSs...+--- GER DIOMEVA ur wie 0 me 0 2 2 MEESS THE END.

SEES 29105817
KN ADDITTON,
To be inſerted near the end of the Additional Note XKÜI11, P- 433» 9 he Arft volume, immediately before the laſt Jentence.
The following circumſtance, which I obſerved this week, is ſufficiently curious to be here inſerted.
On the fifth of April 1799 tbe wind, which had blown for ſeveral days from the N- E. and a great part of that time was very violent, became due E. The barometer ſunk nearly an inch, clouds were produced, and much ſnow fell during the whole day; and on the next day the wind became again N. E. and the barometer roſe again. The ſame circumſtances exactly recurred on the eighth of April; the wind again changed from N. E. to due E. ihe barometer ſunk, and ſnow and afterwards rain were the conſequence.
Which is thus to be explained. On April the fiith the atmoſphere became lighter, I ſuppoſe, becauſe no more air was ſupplied from the ardtic circle, and the[noW was produced from(ame of the ſouthern air over this country falling down, 1 ſuppoſe, on rhe lowered current of nor- Men am. BuCwby- didehe N. E. wind on both theſe days change to duc E.? To this is may be anſwered, that as n0 new air Was DOW brought from the N. and in conſequence the barometer funk; and as air from the 9. evidently became mixed with that from the N. whence the clouds and conſequent(10w; the further progrels of he N. E. air towards the 9. was ſtopped by the oppoling
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air from the S. but its eaſterly diredion was not ſtopped; and as this only remained, it became due E. This idea was further countenanced, becauſe the wind on both days became a few points on the ſoutherly ſide of the E. for
an hour or two before the ſnow ceaſed.
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The plate with numbers 1. to XXIV. to be doubled, and placed
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ER R ATPUNM. Part I. Canto IL, 1, 324, p. 102, for are read fate.

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2 3 4 5 6 18 5 PARI I. CONTAINING
THE ECONOMY OF VEGETATION.
PART II.
IEHE. I.OVES OFE IIHIE PLANPS.
wWITH PEHIILOSOPHICAI NOTES
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Colour& Grey Control Chart
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White Greyl Srey 2 Grey 3 1 Grey 4 Black